EP0538538A1 - District heating pipe - Google Patents
District heating pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0538538A1 EP0538538A1 EP91610071A EP91610071A EP0538538A1 EP 0538538 A1 EP0538538 A1 EP 0538538A1 EP 91610071 A EP91610071 A EP 91610071A EP 91610071 A EP91610071 A EP 91610071A EP 0538538 A1 EP0538538 A1 EP 0538538A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- jacket pipe
- jacket
- district heating
- medium conveying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D10/00—District heating systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/17—District heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a district heating pipe comprising a medium conveying pipe of PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), a heat isolation material in form of polyurethane foam, and a plastic jacket pipe, said medium preferably being hot water in the temperature range of 60°C to 100°C.
- a medium conveying pipe of PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) a heat isolation material in form of polyurethane foam
- a plastic jacket pipe said medium preferably being hot water in the temperature range of 60°C to 100°C.
- the conveying pipes are made of a heat-resistant plastic material, such as PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) isolated with polyurethane foam or another suitable isolation material and externally surrounded by a tight jacket of a plastic material.
- a heat-resistant plastic material such as PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) isolated with polyurethane foam or another suitable isolation material and externally surrounded by a tight jacket of a plastic material.
- the jacket pipe material has been made from PEH, PEL or co-polymerizates of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA).
- the condensation deposits as a several millimeter thick layer of water-saturated cells in the polyurethane foam.
- the mentioned pipe dimensions are typical such that the diameter of the medium conveying pipe does not usually exceed 40 mm, and such that the diameter of the jacket pipe does not usually exceed 110 mm, as pipes of larger diameters are too rigid and thus impossible to handle in long wound up lengths, which in turn makes them expensive to use.
- measurings on typical pipes having medium conveying diameters of 22 mm and jacket pipe diameters of 64 mm of PEL reveal that the diffusion through the medium conveying pipe is approximately 0.06 g of water per day per meter of pipe, and approximately 0.02 g of water per day per meter of pipe through the jacket pipe.
- the temperature of the medium conveying pipe was 80°C and the temperature of the jacket pipe was 23°C.
- the object of the present invention is to solve this problem by using a special material presenting a particularly high water permeability, and which is also highly temperature-resistant and highly flexible, thus enabling the mentioned pipes to be wound up.
- a water permeability can be obtained by using a polyethylene material or an ethylene butyl acrylate material cross-linked by means of silane said water permeability being tenfold higher than the one of the polyethylene materials or polyethylene butyl acrylate copolymers hitherto used.
- a water flux through the jacket pipe material of 0.15 g of water per meter per day has been measured in a pipe of the same contruction as the one mentioned above.
- pipes according to the present invention can be used under usual working conditions in a district heating system, that is with the medium temperatures fluctuating between 65°C and 85°C and the soil moisture fluctuating with the season without condensation developing on the pipe wall over a long period of time.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a district heating pipe comprising a medium conveying pipe of PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), a heat isolation material in form of polyurethane foam, and a plastic jacket pipe, said medium preferably being hot water in the temperature range of 60°C to 100°C.
- Medium conveying pipes of plastics are often used for connecting single-users to a large district heating system or with small distribution pipes conveying hot water. The conveying pipes are made of a heat-resistant plastic material, such as PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) isolated with polyurethane foam or another suitable isolation material and externally surrounded by a tight jacket of a plastic material.
- Hitherto, the jacket pipe material has been made from PEH, PEL or co-polymerizates of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA).
- It is known that rather heavy condensation may develop on the inner side of the jacket pipe under certain working conditions.
- The condensation deposits as a several millimeter thick layer of water-saturated cells in the polyurethane foam.
- The above is caused by the used plastic medium conveying pipe not being totally watertight with the result that water diffuses through the wall of the medium conveying pipe. As a result, the water condenses on the inner side of the jacket pipe.
- Hitherto, the only way of solving this problem has been to regulate the working conditions such that the temperature on the medium conveying pipe is low and the temperature on the jacket pipe is as high as possible in order thereby to effect the relative diffusion rates.
- As a result, unacceptably low working temperatures have been used, or it has been necessary to accept a certain water accumulation in the isolation material in the course of time and thereby a loss of isolation property.
- The mentioned pipe dimensions are typical such that the diameter of the medium conveying pipe does not usually exceed 40 mm, and such that the diameter of the jacket pipe does not usually exceed 110 mm, as pipes of larger diameters are too rigid and thus impossible to handle in long wound up lengths, which in turn makes them expensive to use.
- It has not been possible to explain of aqueous vapour some times does develop and some times does not develop under the inner surface of the jacket pipe in the hitherto known combinations of medium conveying pipes and jacket pipes.
- However, measurings on typical pipes having medium conveying diameters of 22 mm and jacket pipe diameters of 64 mm of PEL reveal that the diffusion through the medium conveying pipe is approximately 0.06 g of water per day per meter of pipe, and approximately 0.02 g of water per day per meter of pipe through the jacket pipe.
- During the measurings the temperature of the medium conveying pipe was 80°C and the temperature of the jacket pipe was 23°C.
- As district heating pipes laid in the ground present a higher surface temperature than the surrounding soil, said pipes are often placed in a layer of dried sand, where the relative moisture is less than 100%. Naturally also the quality and general moisture of the soil influence the moisture degree of the soil immediately adjacent to the pipe wall.
- Bearing in mind that the flux of water through a pipe wall is proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the material, proportional to the differential pressure of the aqueous vapour over the pipe wall and inversely proportional to the thickness of the pipe wall and that the vapour pressure of water around the usual working temperatures is heavily dependent upon the temperature, it is obvious that even small changes in the temperature of the medium conveying pipes can be decisive as to whether or not condensation develops on the inner side of the jacket pipe.
- The object of the present invention is to solve this problem by using a special material presenting a particularly high water permeability, and which is also highly temperature-resistant and highly flexible, thus enabling the mentioned pipes to be wound up.
- It turned out that a water permeability can be obtained by using a polyethylene material or an ethylene butyl acrylate material cross-linked by means of silane said water permeability being tenfold higher than the one of the polyethylene materials or polyethylene butyl acrylate copolymers hitherto used. A water flux through the jacket pipe material of 0.15 g of water per meter per day has been measured in a pipe of the same contruction as the one mentioned above.
- As a result, pipes according to the present invention can be used under usual working conditions in a district heating system, that is with the medium temperatures fluctuating between 65°C and 85°C and the soil moisture fluctuating with the season without condensation developing on the pipe wall over a long period of time.
- Under unfavourable conditions during the winter with high working temperatures and high soil moisture, a minor accumulation of aqueous vapour on the inner side of the jacket pipe develops, but this accumulation is counterbalanced during the summer where the working temperature is low and the soil moisture is low too.
- When seen over a number of years the pipe stays generally dry and no appreciable loss of insulating property takes place.
- The use of the jacket pipe materials hitherto known, viz. PEL and PEH is encumbered with the drawback that said materials are rather inflexible, which is why such pipes can be difficult to handle in cold weather, said pipes being delivered in long wound up lengths .
- Beyond the solution to the diffusion problem, another advantage is obtained by the present invention in that the invented construction is considerably more flexible than the pipe construction hitherto known.
- It turned out that EBA copolymers containing more than 8% of butyl acrylate present an E-module so low that the jacket pipe no longer effects the flexibility of the total construction significantly.
- The invention is described with reference to a preferred embodiment. Many modification may, however, be performed without thereby deviating from the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
- A district heating pipe comprising a medium conveying pipe of PP, PB or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), a heat isolation material in form of polyurethane foam and a plastic jacket pipe, said medium preferably being hot water in the temperature range of 60°C to 100°C, characterised in that the jacket pipe is adapted to allow a higher amount of aqueous vapour to escape through the jacket pipe wall compared to the amount of aqueous vapour added to the isolating foam by the water flux passing through the wall of the medium conveying pipe.
- A district heating pipe according to claim 1, characterised in that the jacket pipe is made from silane cross-linked polyurethane or polyethylene copolymer.
- A district heating pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the jacket pipe is made from silane cross-linked polyethylene butyl acrylate copolymer, where the copolymer contains more than 8% of butyl acrylate.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69101066T DE69101066T2 (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | District heating pipe. |
DK91610071.2T DK0538538T3 (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | Heating pipes |
EP91610071A EP0538538B1 (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | District heating pipe |
AT91610071T ATE100564T1 (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | DISTRICT HEATING PIPE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP91610071A EP0538538B1 (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | District heating pipe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0538538A1 true EP0538538A1 (en) | 1993-04-28 |
EP0538538B1 EP0538538B1 (en) | 1994-01-19 |
Family
ID=8208785
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91610071A Expired - Lifetime EP0538538B1 (en) | 1991-08-30 | 1991-08-30 | District heating pipe |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0538538B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE100564T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69101066T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0538538T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1004770C2 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-06-17 | Provinciale Noordbrabantse En | Heating system for groups of buildings |
EP1319898A2 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-18 | KE-KELIT Kunststoffwerk Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Pipe-line laid in the ground for district heating |
EP1358988A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-05 | Gesikat Ltd. | Making parts by rotational moulding |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT372170B (en) * | 1981-08-06 | 1983-09-12 | Novaplan Bautechnisches Planun | INSULATION FOR PIPELINES |
GB2181437A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-23 | Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh | Elongated products |
-
1991
- 1991-08-30 DE DE69101066T patent/DE69101066T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-30 EP EP91610071A patent/EP0538538B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-30 AT AT91610071T patent/ATE100564T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-30 DK DK91610071.2T patent/DK0538538T3/en active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT372170B (en) * | 1981-08-06 | 1983-09-12 | Novaplan Bautechnisches Planun | INSULATION FOR PIPELINES |
GB2181437A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-23 | Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh | Elongated products |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1004770C2 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-06-17 | Provinciale Noordbrabantse En | Heating system for groups of buildings |
EP1319898A2 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-18 | KE-KELIT Kunststoffwerk Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Pipe-line laid in the ground for district heating |
EP1319898A3 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2004-08-04 | KE-KELIT Kunststoffwerk Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Pipe-line laid in the ground for district heating |
EP1358988A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-05 | Gesikat Ltd. | Making parts by rotational moulding |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0538538B1 (en) | 1994-01-19 |
DK0538538T3 (en) | 1994-05-09 |
ATE100564T1 (en) | 1994-02-15 |
DE69101066T2 (en) | 1994-08-25 |
DE69101066D1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
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