EP0518813A1 - Apparatus for cooling dust-containing hot gases and process for use thereof - Google Patents

Apparatus for cooling dust-containing hot gases and process for use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0518813A1
EP0518813A1 EP92810373A EP92810373A EP0518813A1 EP 0518813 A1 EP0518813 A1 EP 0518813A1 EP 92810373 A EP92810373 A EP 92810373A EP 92810373 A EP92810373 A EP 92810373A EP 0518813 A1 EP0518813 A1 EP 0518813A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
gas
reactor
heat
convection
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Granted
Application number
EP92810373A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0518813B1 (en
Inventor
Roland Michel
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ABB Management AG
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ABB Management AG
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication of EP0518813A1 publication Critical patent/EP0518813A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for cooling hot, dust-laden gas in a steam generator, which consists of a first radiant heat exchanger and a second convection heat exchanger.
  • a steam generator which consists of a first radiant heat exchanger and a second convection heat exchanger.
  • the gas coming from the reactor is usually cooled in the radiant heat exchanger to a temperature which is below the softening point of the dust.
  • the dust particles are no longer sticky and can no longer stick to the heating surfaces of this heat exchanger.
  • the dust particles can deposit and form blockages, so that the heat transfer from the gas to the heating surfaces is impaired.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a system of the type mentioned in such a way that it is possible to remove the dust particles deposited in the convection cooler in a simple manner, both structurally and operationally.
  • This object is achieved in that at least two second heat exchangers Radiant heat exchangers are connected downstream in the gas stream and are connected in parallel with one another and that a shut-off element is arranged in the gas stream behind every second heat exchanger.
  • the new system is particularly economical if more than two convection heat exchangers are connected to the radiant heat exchanger. This results in various circuits on the working medium side for the convection heat exchangers, for example by switching some of the convection heat exchangers as economizers or as economizers and evaporators and the remaining convection heat exchangers as superheaters. In such a case, the operation of the system can also be continued if, for example, a superheater and / or an economizer fails due to a fault. In such a case, the shut-off device is then closed behind the convection heat exchanger in question, so that gas no longer flows through this heat exchanger.
  • Another advantage of the system according to the invention is that revisions are possible on individual convection heat exchangers while the rest of the system is still in operation.
  • the shut-off device located behind the convection heat exchanger to be revised is then closed, see above that the inspection work can be carried out after the heat exchanger has cooled down.
  • radiant heat exchanger should also be understood to mean those heat exchangers in which a so-called quenching takes place, i.e. that already cooled gas is returned to the first heat exchanger, which is a known measure.
  • the system has a first heat exchanger 50, which at its upper end in FIG. 1 is connected via a line 51 to a reactor 52, in which hot, dust-laden gas is generated in a known manner, for example by gasifying Coal.
  • a reactor 52 in which hot, dust-laden gas is generated in a known manner, for example by gasifying Coal.
  • second heat exchangers 53 and 54 are connected, each via a line 55 and 56, respectively
  • Shut-off device 58 solids separated in the heat exchanger 50, such as dust, Ash and slag can be drained off together with water.
  • a line 59 or 60 each with a shut-off element 61 or 62, is connected.
  • hot gas generated in the reactor 52 is supplied to the first heat exchanger 50 at a temperature of 1400 to 1600 ° C. and at a pressure of about 40 bar, in which it is essentially transferred to the working medium of a steam generator by radiant heat transfer is cooled down so far that its temperature is below the softening point of the dust which it also transports.
  • the solidified dust mainly collects in the lower part of the heat exchanger 50, while the gas reaches the second heat exchangers 53 and 54 via lines 55 and 56 for further cooling.
  • the heat is transferred by convection to the working medium of the steam generator, after which the cooled gas leaves the system via lines 59 and 60, since the shut-off devices 61 and 62 are fully open.
  • the first heat exchanger 50 has a cylindrical pressure vessel 3 with a vertical axis, which is penetrated at its upper end by a gas supply channel 4, which is connected to the coal gasification reactor 52 in FIG. 1 via the line 51, not shown here .
  • a gas supply channel 4 which is connected to the coal gasification reactor 52 in FIG. 1 via the line 51, not shown here .
  • an insert 5 is provided in the latter, which is formed from vertical tubes 6 that are welded tightly next to one another and gas-tight and that surrounds a first gas duct 7 through which the hot gas flows from top to bottom.
  • the insert 5 is surrounded by a shirt 8, which is also formed from vertical tubes 10 which are welded together in the manner of a membrane wall.
  • the shirt 8 surrounds the insert 5 at a distance, so that an annular space 9 remains between them, through which the gas flows from bottom to top and forms a second throttle cable.
  • the flow cross section in the second throttle cable 9 is selected in comparison to that of the first throttle cable 7 such that the flow speed in the second gas cable 9 slows down.
  • the tubes 6 of the insert 5 and the tubes 10 of the shirt 8 are connected at their lower and upper ends to ring collectors 13 and 15, respectively. Feed water is fed to the roller 13 via a line 16, which evaporates as it flows through the pipes and is discharged from the upper collector 15 via a line 14.
  • the tubes 6 and 10 of the insert 5 and the shirt 8 are suspended near their upper end on a support system consisting of profile beams 11, so that they can freely expand downwards.
  • a funnel 12 which tapers downwards and penetrates the bottom of the pressure vessel 3 and is partly filled with water and forms a water bath 1.
  • the water bath serves to collect ash and slag particles which are carried along by the hot gas stream and which are deflected from the first gas train 7 into the second gas train 2 when it is deflected.
  • this has three connecting pieces 27 (FIG. 3), to which the lines 55, 56 leading to the second heat exchangers 53 and 54 are connected.
  • the entire system therefore contains three convection heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchangers 53, 54 also each have a pressure vessel 17 with a vertical axis, which is provided with cooling tube bundles 18 in its interior.
  • the tube bundle 18 are at the lower and upper End connected to a line 22 or 23, via which feed water is supplied or preheated or evaporated working fluid is discharged.
  • shut-off devices 61 and 62 After the gas has been cooled further while flowing through the tube bundle 18, it leaves the system via lines 59 and 60 when the shut-off devices 61 and 62 are open.
  • the shut-off devices 61 and 62 By adjusting the shut-off devices 61 and 62 in such a way that their flow cross-section is substantially reduced or becomes zero the gas flow in the two upstream second heat exchangers 53 and 54 throttle or block and at the same time increase the flow rate in the third convection heat exchanger, not shown.
  • the third unthrottled heat exchanger can then be cleaned by this increased flow velocity of the gas, in that dust particles deposited between the tubes of the tube bundle 18 are entrained by the gas.
  • throttling and accumulation of the third convection heat exchanger and, for example, the convection heat exchanger 54 can produce an increased gas flow rate in the convection heat exchanger 53, so that the latter is then cleaned.
  • the arrangement of the reactor and the first heat exchanger is interchanged in that the gasification reactor 72 is arranged below the first heat exchanger 70. Since there is no deflection of the flow of the hot gas in this heat exchanger, its overall length is correspondingly greater, so that the hot gas is cooled to a temperature below the softening point before it is sent to the convection coolers 73 and 74.
  • the arrangement of the shut-off elements 75 and 76 behind the convection coolers 73 and 74 corresponds to that of the shut-off elements 61 and 62 and likewise the actuation of the shut-off elements 75, 76 for cleaning the coolers 73, 74 corresponds to the described actuation of the shut-off elements 61 and 62.
  • the number of convection coolers per system is at least two, but can also exceed three.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus has a steam generator which consists of a first heat exchanger (50) and two second heat exchangers (53, 54). The first heat exchanger (50) is a radiant-heat exchanger in which the hot gas coming from a reactor (52) releases its heat down to a temperature below the softening point of the dust. The second heat exchangers (53, 54) are convective heat exchangers which are arranged in the gas stream downstream of the first heat exchanger (50) and parallel to one another. An isolation device (61 or 62) is provided in the gas stream downstream of each second heat exchanger (53, 54). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anlage zum Kühlen von heissem, staubbeladenem Gas in einem Dampferzeuger, der aus einem ersten Strahlungswärmeübertrager und einem zweiten Konvektionswärmeübertrager besteht. In solchen Anlagen wird üblicherweise das vom Reaktor kommende Gas im Strahlungswärmeübertrager auf eine Temperatur abgekühlt, die unterhalb des Erweichungspunktes des Staubes liegt. Beim Eintreten des Gases in den Konvektionswärmeübertrager sind die Staubpartikel dann nicht mehr klebrig und können an den Heizflächen dieses Wärmeübertragers nicht mehr festbacken. In den eng angeordneten Heizflächen des Konvektionswärmeübertragers können sich die Staubpartikel aber ablagern und Verstopfungen bilden, so dass die Wärmeübertragung vom Gas an die Heizflächen beeinträchtigt wird.The invention relates to a system for cooling hot, dust-laden gas in a steam generator, which consists of a first radiant heat exchanger and a second convection heat exchanger. In such systems, the gas coming from the reactor is usually cooled in the radiant heat exchanger to a temperature which is below the softening point of the dust. When the gas enters the convection heat exchanger, the dust particles are no longer sticky and can no longer stick to the heating surfaces of this heat exchanger. In the closely arranged heating surfaces of the convection heat exchanger, however, the dust particles can deposit and form blockages, so that the heat transfer from the gas to the heating surfaces is impaired.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anlage der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass sowohl konstruktiv wie auch betriebsmässig auf einfache Weise ein Entfernen der im Konvektionskühler abgelagerten Staubpartikel möglich ist.The invention has for its object to improve a system of the type mentioned in such a way that it is possible to remove the dust particles deposited in the convection cooler in a simple manner, both structurally and operationally.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass mindestens zwei zweite Wärmeübertrager dem Strahlungswärmeübertrager im Gasstrom nachgeschaltet und unter sich parallelgeschaltet sind und dass im Gasstrom hinter jedem zweiten Wärmeübertrager ein Absperrorgan angeordnet ist.This object is achieved in that at least two second heat exchangers Radiant heat exchangers are connected downstream in the gas stream and are connected in parallel with one another and that a shut-off element is arranged in the gas stream behind every second heat exchanger.

Hierdurch wird es möglich, das eine Absperrorgan zu drosseln oder zu schliessen, so dass die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gases im anderen Konvektionswärmeübertrager sich erhöht, wodurch die Staubablagerungen in diesem Wärmeübertrager ausgetragen werden. Trotz dieser erhöhten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit wird die zulässige Wärmestromdichte in diesem Wärmeübertrager nicht überschritten. Durch zyklisches Drosseln oder Schliessen der Absperrorgane können also die Konvektionswärmeübertrager der Reihe nach gereinigt werden.This makes it possible to throttle or close the one shut-off device, so that the flow rate of the gas in the other convection heat exchanger increases, as a result of which the dust deposits in this heat exchanger are discharged. Despite this increased flow rate, the permissible heat flow density in this heat exchanger is not exceeded. By cyclically throttling or closing the shut-off devices, the convection heat exchangers can be cleaned in order.

Die neue Anlage ist besonders dann günstig, wenn an den Strahlungswärmeübertrager mehr als zwei Konvektionswärmeübertrager angeschlossen werden. Dabei ergeben sich verschiedene arbeitsmittelseitige Schaltungen für die Konvektionswärmeübertrager, indem z.B. ein Teil der Konvektionswärmeübertrager als Economiser oder als Economiser und Verdampfer und die restlichen Konvektionswärmeübertrager als Ueberhitzer geschaltet werden. In einem solchen Falle lässt sich auch der Betrieb der Anlage weiterführen, wenn z.B. ein Ueberhitzer und/oder ein Economiser störungshalber ausfällt. In einem solchen Fall wird dann das Absperrorgan hinter dem betreffenden Konvektionswärmeübertrager geschlossen, so dass dieser Wärmeübertrager nicht mehr von Gas durchströmt wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemässen Anlage besteht darin, dass an einzelnen Konvektionswärmeübertragern Revisionen möglich sind,während die übrige Anlage weiter in Betrieb steht. Das hinter dem zu revidierenden Konvektionswärmeübertrager befindliche Absperrorgan wir dann also geschlossen, so dass nach dem Abkühlen des Wärmeübertragers die Revisionsarbeiten durchgeführt werden können.The new system is particularly economical if more than two convection heat exchangers are connected to the radiant heat exchanger. This results in various circuits on the working medium side for the convection heat exchangers, for example by switching some of the convection heat exchangers as economizers or as economizers and evaporators and the remaining convection heat exchangers as superheaters. In such a case, the operation of the system can also be continued if, for example, a superheater and / or an economizer fails due to a fault. In such a case, the shut-off device is then closed behind the convection heat exchanger in question, so that gas no longer flows through this heat exchanger. Another advantage of the system according to the invention is that revisions are possible on individual convection heat exchangers while the rest of the system is still in operation. The shut-off device located behind the convection heat exchanger to be revised is then closed, see above that the inspection work can be carried out after the heat exchanger has cooled down.

Unter dem Begriff "Strahlungswärmeübertrager" sollen auch solche Wärmeübertrager verstanden werden, in denen ein sogenanntes Quenching stattfindet, d.h. dass in den ersten Wärmeübertrager bereits abgekühltes Gas zurückgeführt wird, was eine an sich bekannte Massnahme ist.The term "radiant heat exchanger" should also be understood to mean those heat exchangers in which a so-called quenching takes place, i.e. that already cooled gas is returned to the first heat exchanger, which is a known measure.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig.1 ein Schema einer Anlage zum Kühlen von heissem, staubbeladenem Gas,
  • Fig.2 schematisch vereinfacht einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Strahlungs- und einen Konvektionswärmeübertrager,
  • Fig.3 einen Querschnitt durch das Druckgefäss des Strahlungswärmeübertragers und
  • Fig.4 ein Schema einer gegenüber Fig.1 abgewandelten Anlage.
Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows a diagram of a system for cooling hot, dust-laden gas,
  • 2 schematically simplified a vertical section through a radiation and a convection heat exchanger,
  • 3 shows a cross section through the pressure vessel of the radiant heat exchanger and
  • 4 shows a diagram of a system modified compared to FIG.

Gemäss Fig.1 weist die Anlage einen ersten Wärmeübertrager 50 auf, der an seinem in Fig.1 oberen Ende über eine Leitung 51 mit einem Reaktor 52 in Verbindung steht, in dem in bekannter Weise heisses, staubbeladenes Gas erzeugt wird, z.B. durch Vergasen von Kohle.Im oberen Bereich des ersten Wärmeübertragers 50 sind zweite Wärmeübertrager 53 und 54 angeschlossen, und zwar über je eine Leitung 55 bzw. 56. Am unteren Ende des ersten Wärmeübertragers 50 ist eine ein Absperrorgan 58 aufweisende Leitung 57 angeschlossen, über die bei Oeffnen des Absperrorgans 58 im Wärmeübertrager 50 abgeschiedene Feststoffe, wie Staub, Asche und Schlacke zusammen mit Wasser abgelassen werden können. Am in Fig.1 unteren Ende der zweiten Wärmeübertrager 53 und 54 ist je eine Leitung 59 bzw. 60 mit je einem Absperrorgan 61 bzw. 62 angeschlossen.According to FIG. 1, the system has a first heat exchanger 50, which at its upper end in FIG. 1 is connected via a line 51 to a reactor 52, in which hot, dust-laden gas is generated in a known manner, for example by gasifying Coal. In the upper area of the first heat exchanger 50, second heat exchangers 53 and 54 are connected, each via a line 55 and 56, respectively Shut-off device 58 solids separated in the heat exchanger 50, such as dust, Ash and slag can be drained off together with water. At the lower end in FIG. 1 of the second heat exchangers 53 and 54, a line 59 or 60, each with a shut-off element 61 or 62, is connected.

Im Normalbetrieb der Anlage wird im Reaktor 52 erzeugtes heisses Gas mit einer Temperatur von 1400 bis 1600°C und mit einem Druck von etwa 40 bar über die Leitung 51 dem ersten Wärmeübertrager 50 zugeführt, in dem es im wesentlichen durch Strahlungswärmeübertragung an das Arbeitsmittel eines Dampferzeugers so weit abgekühlt wird, dass seine Temperatur unterhalb des Erweichungspunktes des von ihm mittransportierten Staubes liegt. Der verfestigte Staub sammelt sich zur Hauptsache im unteren Teil des Wärmeübertragers 50, während das Gas zur weiteren Abkühlung über die Leitungen 55 und 56 zu den zweiten Wärmeübertragern 53 und 54 gelangt. Hier erfolgt die Wärmeübertragung durch Konvektion ebenfalls an das Arbeitsmittel des Dampferzeugers, wonach das abgekühlte Gas die Anlage über die Leitungen 59 und 60 verlässt, da die Absperrorgane 61 und 62 voll geöffnet sind.During normal operation of the system, hot gas generated in the reactor 52 is supplied to the first heat exchanger 50 at a temperature of 1400 to 1600 ° C. and at a pressure of about 40 bar, in which it is essentially transferred to the working medium of a steam generator by radiant heat transfer is cooled down so far that its temperature is below the softening point of the dust which it also transports. The solidified dust mainly collects in the lower part of the heat exchanger 50, while the gas reaches the second heat exchangers 53 and 54 via lines 55 and 56 for further cooling. Here, the heat is transferred by convection to the working medium of the steam generator, after which the cooled gas leaves the system via lines 59 and 60, since the shut-off devices 61 and 62 are fully open.

Der allgemeine Aufbau der in den Wärmeübertragern 50, 53 und 54 enthaltenen Heizflächen des Dampferzeugers ergibt sich aus Fig.2.The general structure of the heating surfaces of the steam generator contained in the heat exchangers 50, 53 and 54 results from FIG.

Gemäss Fig.2 weist der erste Wärmeübertrager 50 ein zylindrisches Druckgefäss 3 mit vertikaler Achse auf, das an seinem oberen Ende von einem Gaszufuhrkanal 4 durchdrungen wird, der über die hier nicht näher gezeichnete Leitung 51 mit dem Kohlevergasungsreaktor 52 in Fig.1 in Verbindung steht. Koaxial zum Druckgefäss 3 ist in diesem ein Einsatz 5 vorgesehen, der aus vertikalen, eng nebeneinanderliegenden und gasdicht verschweissten Rohren 6 gebildet ist und der einen vom Heissgas vom oben nach unten durchströmten ersten Gaszug 7 umschliesst. Der Einsatz 5 ist von einem Hemd 8 umgeben, das ebenfalls aus vertikalen Rohren 10 gebildet ist, die nach Art einer Membranwand dicht zusammengeschweisst sind. Das Hemd 8 umgibt den Einsatz 5 mit Abstand, so dass dazwischen ein Ringraum 9 freibleibt, der vom Gas von unten nach oben durchströmt wird und einen zweiten Gaszug bildet. Der Strömungsquerschnitt im zweiten Gaszug 9 ist im Vergleich zu dem des ersten Gaszuges 7 so gewählt, dass eine Verlangsamung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im zweiten Gaszug 9 eintritt.According to FIG. 2, the first heat exchanger 50 has a cylindrical pressure vessel 3 with a vertical axis, which is penetrated at its upper end by a gas supply channel 4, which is connected to the coal gasification reactor 52 in FIG. 1 via the line 51, not shown here . Coaxial to the pressure vessel 3, an insert 5 is provided in the latter, which is formed from vertical tubes 6 that are welded tightly next to one another and gas-tight and that surrounds a first gas duct 7 through which the hot gas flows from top to bottom. The insert 5 is surrounded by a shirt 8, which is also formed from vertical tubes 10 which are welded together in the manner of a membrane wall. The shirt 8 surrounds the insert 5 at a distance, so that an annular space 9 remains between them, through which the gas flows from bottom to top and forms a second throttle cable. The flow cross section in the second throttle cable 9 is selected in comparison to that of the first throttle cable 7 such that the flow speed in the second gas cable 9 slows down.

Die Rohre 6 des Einsatzes 5 und die Rohre 10 des Hemdes 8 sind an ihren unteren und oberen Enden mit Ringkollektoren 13 bzw. 15 verbunden. Dem Rollektor 13 wird über eine Leitung 16 Speisewasser zugeführt, das beim Durchströmen der Rohre verdampft und aus dem oberen Kollektor 15 über eine Leitung 14 abgeleitet wird.The tubes 6 of the insert 5 and the tubes 10 of the shirt 8 are connected at their lower and upper ends to ring collectors 13 and 15, respectively. Feed water is fed to the roller 13 via a line 16, which evaporates as it flows through the pipes and is discharged from the upper collector 15 via a line 14.

Die Rohre 6 und 10 des Einsatzes 5 bzw. des Hemdes 8 sind nahe ihrem oberen Ende an einem aus Profilträgern 11 bestehenden Tragsystem aufgehängt, so dass sie sich nach unten frei dehnen können. Unterhalb des unteren Kollektors 13 ist ein sich nach unten verjüngender, den Boden des Druckgefässes 3 durchdringender Trichter 12 vorgesehen, der teilweise mit Wasser gefüllt ist und ein Wasserbad 1 bildet. Das Wasserbad dient zum Auffangen von Asche und Schlacketeilchen, die vom Heissgasstrom mitgeführt werden und bei dessen Umlenkung vom ersten Gaszug 7 in den zweiten Gaszug 2 ausgeschleudert werden.The tubes 6 and 10 of the insert 5 and the shirt 8 are suspended near their upper end on a support system consisting of profile beams 11, so that they can freely expand downwards. Provided below the lower collector 13 is a funnel 12 which tapers downwards and penetrates the bottom of the pressure vessel 3 and is partly filled with water and forms a water bath 1. The water bath serves to collect ash and slag particles which are carried along by the hot gas stream and which are deflected from the first gas train 7 into the second gas train 2 when it is deflected.

Im oberen Bereich des Druckgefässes 3 weist dieses drei Anschlussstutzen 27 auf (Fig.3), an denen die zu den zweiten Wärmeübertragern 53 und 54 führenden Leitungen 55, 56 angeschlossen sind. Die gesamte Anlage enthält also drei Konvektionswärmeübertrager. Die Wärmeübertrager 53, 54 weisen ebenfalls je ein Druckgefäss 17 mit vertikaler Achse auf, das in seinem Inneren mit Kühlrohrbündeln 18 versehen ist. Die Rohrbündel 18 sind am unteren und oberen Ende mit einer Leitung 22 bzw. 23 verbunden, über die Speisewasser zugeführt bzw. vorgewärmtes oder verdampftes Arbeitsmittel abgeleitet wird.In the upper area of the pressure vessel 3, this has three connecting pieces 27 (FIG. 3), to which the lines 55, 56 leading to the second heat exchangers 53 and 54 are connected. The entire system therefore contains three convection heat exchangers. The heat exchangers 53, 54 also each have a pressure vessel 17 with a vertical axis, which is provided with cooling tube bundles 18 in its interior. The tube bundle 18 are at the lower and upper End connected to a line 22 or 23, via which feed water is supplied or preheated or evaporated working fluid is discharged.

Nachdem das Gas beim Durchströmen der Rohrbündel 18 weiter abgekühlt worden ist, verlässt es bei offenen Absperrorganen 61 und 62 die Anlage über die Leitungen 59 und 60. Durch Verstellen der Absperrorgane 61 und 62 so, dass deren Durchflussquerschnitt wesentlich verringert oder Null wird, lässt sich der Gasstrom in den beiden vorgeschalteten zweiten Wärmeübertragern 53 und 54 drosseln oder stauen und gleichzeitig die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im dritten, nicht näher dargestellten Konvektionswärmeübertrager erhöhen. Durch diese erhöhte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gases lässt sich dann der dritte ungedrosselte Wärmeübertrager reinigen, indem zwischen den Rohren der Rohrbündel 18 abgelagerte Staubteilchen vom Gas mitgerissen werden. In analoger Weise lässt sich durch Drosseln und Stauen des dritten Konvektionswärmeübertragers und beispielsweise des Konvektionswärmeübertragers 54 eine erhöhte Gasströmungsgeschwindigkeit im Konvektionswärmeübertrager 53 erzeugen, so dass dann dieser gereinigt wird. Sinngemäss das Gleiche gilt für den Konvektionswärmeübertrager 54 beim Drosseln des Konvektionswärmeübertragers 53 und des dritten Konvektionswärmeübertragers. Nach Abschluss der jeweiligen Reinigungsphase werden die Absperrorgane der beiden andern Konvektionswärmeübertrager wieder in die normale Oeffnungsstellung zurückgeführt.After the gas has been cooled further while flowing through the tube bundle 18, it leaves the system via lines 59 and 60 when the shut-off devices 61 and 62 are open. By adjusting the shut-off devices 61 and 62 in such a way that their flow cross-section is substantially reduced or becomes zero the gas flow in the two upstream second heat exchangers 53 and 54 throttle or block and at the same time increase the flow rate in the third convection heat exchanger, not shown. The third unthrottled heat exchanger can then be cleaned by this increased flow velocity of the gas, in that dust particles deposited between the tubes of the tube bundle 18 are entrained by the gas. In an analogous manner, throttling and accumulation of the third convection heat exchanger and, for example, the convection heat exchanger 54 can produce an increased gas flow rate in the convection heat exchanger 53, so that the latter is then cleaned. The same applies analogously to the convection heat exchanger 54 when throttling the convection heat exchanger 53 and the third convection heat exchanger. After the respective cleaning phase has ended, the shut-off devices of the other two convection heat exchangers are returned to the normal opening position.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig.4 ist die Anordnung von Reaktor und erstem Wärmeübertrager vertauscht, indem der Vergasungsreaktor 72 unterhalb des ersten Wärmeübertragers 70 angeordnet ist. Da bei diesem Wärmeübertrager keine Umlenkung der Strömung des heissen Gases stattfindet, ist seine Baulänge entsprechend grösser, damit das heisse Gas bis auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Erweichungspunktes abgekühlt wird, bevor es zu den Konvektionskühlern 73 und 74 geleitet wird. Die Anordnung der Absperrorgane 75 und 76 hinter den Konvektionskühlern 73 und 74 entspricht der der Absperrorgane 61 und 62 und ebenso entspricht die Betätigung der Absperrorgane 75, 76 zwecks Reinigens der Kühler 73, 74 der beschriebenen Betätigung der Absperrorgane 61 und 62.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, the arrangement of the reactor and the first heat exchanger is interchanged in that the gasification reactor 72 is arranged below the first heat exchanger 70. Since there is no deflection of the flow of the hot gas in this heat exchanger, its overall length is correspondingly greater, so that the hot gas is cooled to a temperature below the softening point before it is sent to the convection coolers 73 and 74. The arrangement of the shut-off elements 75 and 76 behind the convection coolers 73 and 74 corresponds to that of the shut-off elements 61 and 62 and likewise the actuation of the shut-off elements 75, 76 for cleaning the coolers 73, 74 corresponds to the described actuation of the shut-off elements 61 and 62.

Die Zahl der Konvektionskühler pro Anlage ist mindestens zwei, kann aber auch die Zahl drei übersteigen.The number of convection coolers per system is at least two, but can also exceed three.

Claims (6)

Anlage zum Kühlen von heissem, staubbeladenem Gas, das unter einem Druck von mehr als 1 bar steht, in einem Dampferzeuger, der aus einem ersten Wärmeübertrager, in dem das aus einem Reaktor kommende heisse Gas seine Wärme im wesentlichen durch Strahlung bis zu einer Temperatur unterhalb des Erweichungspunktes des Staubes abgibt, und mindestens zwei zweiten Wärmeübertragern besteht, die dem ersten Wärmeübertrager im Gasstrom nachgeschaltet und unter sich parallelgeschaltet sind und in denen das Gas seine Wärme durch Konvektion abgibt, sowie mit einem im Gasstrom hinter jedem zweiten Wärmeübertrager angeordneten Absperrorgan.Plant for cooling hot, dust-laden gas, which is under a pressure of more than 1 bar, in a steam generator, which consists of a first heat exchanger in which the hot gas coming from a reactor releases its heat essentially by radiation to a temperature below of the softening point of the dust, and there are at least two second heat exchangers, which are connected downstream of the first heat exchanger in the gas flow and connected in parallel and in which the gas emits its heat by convection, and with a shut-off device arranged in the gas flow behind every second heat exchanger. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor oberhalb des ersten Wärmeübertragers angeordnet ist.Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor is arranged above the first heat exchanger. Anlage nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Wärmeübertrager ein Druckgefäss aufweist, in dem als Dampferzeugerheizflächen ein zylindrischer Einsatz aus nebeneinanderliegenden, gasdicht verschweissten Rohren und ein den Einsatz umgebendes Hemd aus nebeneinanderliegenden Rohren angeordnet sind, wobei das vom Reaktor kommende Gas den Einsatz von oben nach unten und anschliessend den Zwischenraum zwischen dem Einsatz und dem Hemd von unten nach oben durchströmt.Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first heat exchanger has a pressure vessel in which a cylindrical insert made of adjacent, gas-tight welded tubes and a shirt surrounding the insert made of adjacent tubes are arranged as steam generator heating surfaces, the gas coming from the reactor the use from top to bottom and then the space between the Insert and the shirt flows from bottom to top. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor unterhalb des ersten Wärmeübertragers angeordnet ist und das vom Reaktor kommende Gas den ersten Wärmeübertrager von unten nach oben durchströmt.Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor is arranged below the first heat exchanger and the gas coming from the reactor flows through the first heat exchanger from bottom to top. Anlage nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweiten Wärmeübertrager ebenfalls je ein Druckgefäss aufweisen, in denen als Heizflächen des Dampferzeugers je mindestens ein Rohrbündel angeordnet ist, wobei das vom ersten Wärmeübertrager kommende Gas die Rohrbündel von oben nach unten durchströmt.System according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the second heat exchangers also each have a pressure vessel, in each of which at least one tube bundle is arranged as the heating surfaces of the steam generator, the gas coming from the first heat exchanger flowing through the tube bundles from top to bottom. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils ein Absperrorgan in offene Stellung gebracht wird, während die übrigen Asperrorgane in Schliessstellung gebracht werden, so dass sich im Konvektionswärmeübertrager vor dem in offener Stellung befindlichen Asperrorgan eine erhöhte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gases einstellt.A method of operating a system according to claim 1, characterized in that one shut-off device is brought into the open position, while the other asperor devices are brought into the closed position, so that an increased flow velocity of the gas occurs in the convection heat exchanger in front of the asperor device located in the open position.
EP92810373A 1991-06-12 1992-05-19 Apparatus for cooling dust-containing hot gases and process for use thereof Revoked EP0518813B1 (en)

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CH1753/91 1991-06-12
CH175391 1991-06-12

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CN102977925B (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-08-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Mixed energy utilization device for integrated rotary radiant boiler preheating boiler
CN103013581B (en) * 2012-12-11 2014-08-27 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Integrated rotation type radiant boiler and preheating boiler mixed heat recovery unit

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EP0366606A1 (en) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-02 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Hot gas cooler for a coal gasification plant

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ZA923387B (en) 1993-01-27
JPH05209176A (en) 1993-08-20
EP0518813B1 (en) 1994-12-28
DE59201064D1 (en) 1995-02-09
US5251575A (en) 1993-10-12
CN1067725A (en) 1993-01-06

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