EP0518771A1 - Method of and device for the reinforcement of the pressure load capacity of concrete and reinforced concrete structures - Google Patents

Method of and device for the reinforcement of the pressure load capacity of concrete and reinforced concrete structures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0518771A1
EP0518771A1 EP92401623A EP92401623A EP0518771A1 EP 0518771 A1 EP0518771 A1 EP 0518771A1 EP 92401623 A EP92401623 A EP 92401623A EP 92401623 A EP92401623 A EP 92401623A EP 0518771 A1 EP0518771 A1 EP 0518771A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bar
frame
concrete
reinforced
compression
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP92401623A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0518771B1 (en
Inventor
Carlos De La Fuente
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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Freyssinet International STUP SA
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Publication of EP0518771A1 publication Critical patent/EP0518771A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/10—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and cement or like binders
    • E01C7/14—Concrete paving
    • E01C7/16—Prestressed concrete paving
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E01D2/04—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the box-girder type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E04G21/121—Construction of stressing jacks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices intended to reinforce a concrete element working under compression using at least one metal bar or the like embedded at least in part in this element and compressed longitudinally between its two ends.
  • This technique makes it possible to thin the concrete element considered - and ultimately to reduce its weight and its price - for a given value of its compressive strength or to increase this resistance for given dimensions of said element.
  • At least one of the two ends of the bar considered protrudes slightly outside the element to be reinforced and the longitudinal compression of the bar is exerted on this projecting end, relative to the other, secured in any desirable manner with another portion of the element considered.
  • This compression is generated in particular using a heavy mass resting on said end if the bar in question is oriented vertically or more generally it is generated using at least one tensioned frame extending parallel to the bar and the two ends of which are anchored respectively on two blocks which are themselves secured to the two ends of said bar.
  • the object of the invention is, above all, to remedy these various drawbacks by making it possible in particular to considerably increase the range of the compressed bars for reinforcing concrete during compression and to compress these bars in a simple and precisely adjustable manner, without any risk of buckling, without recourse to auxiliary reinforcements and independently of the orientation of said bars.
  • the devices for reinforcing a compression concrete element also comprise at least one bar resistant to longitudinal compression housed without adhesion in a hollowed-out channel in said element and they are essentially characterized in that the at least one of the two ends of the bar is associated with a rigid frame housed in a cavity of the element accessible from the outside of this element and arranged so as to removably receive a thrust generator, one side of this frame being arranged to cause the bar to bear longitudinally on the concrete, directly or indirectly, in the direction tending to separate this concrete from the bar and therefore to resist a thrust exerted in the opposite direction, and its other side being traversed by the bar end concerned and being arranged to cooperate with a unidirectional member successively making it possible to push said end longitudinally in an adjustable manner by the thrust generator, then to block this end relative to the frame in the direction corresponding to the re-entry of the end into the frame.
  • the invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.
  • Figure 1 of these drawings shows in section a concrete element stressed under compression and reinforced by a compressed bar device established according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant also according to the invention of a portion of the device of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows in section on a smaller scale another concrete element reinforced by a device according to the invention comprising several compressed bars mounted in series.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show, respectively in section along IV-IV, Figure 5 and in end view a hydraulic cylinder according to the invention may be part of the above reinforcing devices.
  • FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show a portion of a reinforced cantilever bridge according to the invention, respectively in diagrammatic plan view, in vertical longitudinal section according to VII-VII, FIG. 6 and in cross section according to VIII-VIII, FIG. 7.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 show a concrete beam resting on supports at its two ends and reinforced according to the invention, respectively in schematic plan view, in vertical longitudinal section along XX, Figure 9 and in cross section along XI-XI , figure 9.
  • FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 show reinforced sections of roadway according to the invention, respectively in plan, in plan on a larger scale and in vertical section on an even larger scale according to XIV-XIV, FIG. 13.
  • a concrete element 1 having a relatively large dimension in a direction D and being in particular in the form of a post, veil or beam, said element having, at least locally, a relatively small dimension in a direction E perpendicular to D and being subjected to strong compression in this direction D, as shown diagrammatically by arrows F in FIG. 1.
  • a cylindrical channel 2 extending in the direction D is hollowed out in the element 1, the cross section of which, preferably circular, is only slightly larger than the cross section of a metal bar 3 resistant to axial compression and this bar 3 is housed in this channel 2.
  • the length of the bar 3 is less than that of the element 1 so that none of its ends projects beyond this element.
  • means are provided for making the two ends of the bar 3 bear longitudinally against portions of the element 1, which are highly stressed under compression in the direction of this bar and for stressing said bar 3 under axial compression after its placement in channel 2.
  • the support bearing in question is produced by means of a device which allows not only the support of the compression considered, but also the creation of this one.
  • This device essentially comprises a rigid frame 4 housed in a cavity 5 hollowed out in the element 1 so that the space inside the frame is easily accessible from the outside of said element.
  • One of the sides 4 is hollowed out by a bore 6 itself crossed by the end 31 considered of the bar 3, which makes possible the direct longitudinal application of a thrust on this end from an appropriate jack 7 removably inserted inside the frame 4.
  • the bore 6 has a smooth internal cylindrical face, the end 31 is threaded and can move freely in the bore 6 and a nut 8 having a thread complementary to that of the 31 end is mounted on the latter just outside the frame 4.
  • the bore 6 has a frustoconical inner face diverging towards the outside of the frame 4 and the 3 l'extrémInstitut end, then smooth or practically such, has been surrounded by a split ring longitudinally constituting anchoring jaws in a manner well known per se, said ring having a cylindrical inner face suitable for contiguously surrounding the end 31 and a frustoconical outer face suitable for being joined contiguously in the complementary bore 6.
  • the number of longitudinal slots on this edge is advantageously equal to 3, so that said jaw is made up of three identical keys.
  • FIG. 2 makes it easy to understand the operation of such a mechanism: in all cases, that is to say whether the jaw 9 is driven axially into its housing 6 or not, it is always possible to move the 31 end of bar 3 to the right; but movement of this end to the left is prohibited as soon as the jaw 9 is in its depressed position.
  • the 42 side in question is shaped in the same way as the 41 side and associated, like the latter, with one end of a bar arranged in the extension of the bar 3 and intended to work like the latter at the compression.
  • the frame 4 can be considered as a "coupler" between the two bars considered, suitable not only for transferring the compressive forces from one bar to the other, but also for generating this force from the jack 7. .
  • pressure distributing means are provided which can also be constituted by end frames of the kind illustrated in 4 in FIG. 1 but which are preferably each constituted, more simply, by a rigid thrust plate 10 (FIGS. 1 and 3) disposed perpendicularly to the end bar 3 concerned, and in juxtaposition against its end, said plate being embedded in the concrete constituting the element 1 in a zone of the latter stressed at the compression.
  • a rigid thrust plate 10 FIGS. 1 and 3
  • the plate 10 can be replaced at least in part by an adhesion produced over a sufficient length between the lateral face of the bar section neighboring the end considered and the surrounding concrete mass.
  • the jack 7 it is given a shape which is easy to handle and suitable for being inserted in an easily removable manner inside the frame 4.
  • the housing 11 is equipped with a handle 17 allowing the assembly to be easily manipulated.
  • the frame 4 has a rectangular shape elongated in the directions of the bars 3, so that the sides 41 and 42 are the short sides of the rectangle, the axes of the elementary jacks 12, 15 making up the triple jack are arranged parallel to each other in the same plane parallel to the direction of introduction of this triple cylinder in frame 4 and the assembly of said triple cylinder is in the external form of a suitcase bordered on its two extreme sides by thrust pads 18 and 19 as can be seen in Figures 4 and 5.
  • bars 3 they can be made up of one-piece elements, preferably wrapped in a thin protective tube, in particular made of steel.
  • bars 3 can also constitute the bars 3 by bundles of wires or rods, round or not, bundles themselves wrapped by protective tubes.
  • the compression of the bar 3 is then very easily obtained by introducing into the frame 4 an appropriate cylinder 7, by loading this cylinder so as to exert on the end 31 of the bar 3 the desired thrust, then by blocking the connection between this bar and frame 4, by relaxing the jack 7 and releasing it out of frame 4 and element 1.
  • the compression thus carried out has numerous advantages compared to those previously proposed, in particular in that it does not require recourse to any bar end projecting out of the concrete element 1 nor to any auxiliary tension reinforcement and above all in that it makes possible the serial connection of a plurality of compressed bars 3, which makes it possible to treat concrete works of great length.
  • the first example illustrated in Figures 5 to 8 shows a section of concrete bridge 20 cantilevered, that is to say cantilevered, on a pile 21 and composed of successive segments 22 longitudinally reported one against others.
  • This section of bridge comprises an upper slab 23 and a lower arch (or lower surface) 24 which are braced by vertical sails 25.
  • the slab 23 which works in traction is reinforced in a manner known per se by prestressing reinforcements 26 and the lower arch 24 is armed with longitudinal bars 27 which are associated with frames or "couplers" 28 of the kind described above. above and which are compressed as described above.
  • the second example illustrated in Figures 9 to 11 shows a concrete beam 29 whose two ends rest on two supports 30 and which is composed of an upper plate 31 connected to a lower plate forming intrados 32 by vertical sails 33.
  • the sails 33 are reinforced in a manner known per se by prestressing reinforcements 34.
  • the upper plate 31 which works on compression, it is reinforced by compressed longitudinal bars 35 associated with frames or "couplers" 36 as described above.
  • the third example illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 14 relates to a concrete roadway 37 composed of relatively long "passive” sections 38 between which are interposed shorter "active" sections 39.
  • the “passive” sections 38 are subjected to longitudinal compression generated at the active sections by compressed longitudinal bars 40 associated with frames or “couplers" 41 of the type described above.
  • each bar 40 has one end associated with one of the couplers 41 disposed in an "active" section 39 and its other end is adherently embedded in an adjacent passive section 38 and abuts against a vertical plate 42 drowned in this section 38.
  • the invention is in no way limited to those of the embodiments and applications which have been more particularly described above; on the contrary, it embraces all variants thereof, in particular those in which at least one of the compressed bars is composed of several sections juxtaposed mutually end to end, the butted ends being in particular guided by a common rigid sleeve enveloping them both.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for reinforcing a concrete element (1) in compression, comprising at least one bar (3) housed without adhesion in a channel (2) which is hollowed out in the said element. Each of the two ends of the bar is associated with a means suitable for making it bear longitudinally on the concrete of the element and that one, of these two means, which is associated with at least one (31) of the two ends of the bar (3) is a rigid frame (4) housed in a cavity (5) in the element which can be accessed from the outside, which frame is designed to receive, in a removable manner, a thrust generator (7), one side of this frame being traversed by the end of the bar in question and being designed in such a way as to interact with a unidirectional member (8) making it possible successively to have the said end pushed back by the thrust generator, and then to lock this end with respect to the frame in the direction corresponding to the retraction of the end into the frame. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention est relative aux procédés et dispositifs destinés à renforcer un élément en béton travaillant à la compression à l'aide d'au moins une barre métallique ou analogue noyée au moins en partie dans cet élément et comprimée longitudinalement entre ses deux extrémités.The invention relates to methods and devices intended to reinforce a concrete element working under compression using at least one metal bar or the like embedded at least in part in this element and compressed longitudinally between its two ends.

Cette technique permet d'amincir l'élément en béton considéré -et finalement de réduire son poids et son prix- pour une valeur donnée de sa résistance à la compression ou d'accroître cette résistance pour des dimensions données dudit élément.This technique makes it possible to thin the concrete element considered - and ultimately to reduce its weight and its price - for a given value of its compressive strength or to increase this resistance for given dimensions of said element.

Dans les solutions qui ont été proposées jusqu'à ce jour pour cette technique de renforcement du béton, l'une au moins des deux extrémités de la barre considérée déborde légèrement à l'extérieur de l'élément à renforcer et la compression longitudinale de la barre est exercée sur cette extrémité débordante, par rapport à l'autre, solidarisée de toute manière désirable avec une autre portion de l'élément considéré.In the solutions which have been proposed to date for this technique of reinforcing concrete, at least one of the two ends of the bar considered protrudes slightly outside the element to be reinforced and the longitudinal compression of the bar is exerted on this projecting end, relative to the other, secured in any desirable manner with another portion of the element considered.

Cette compression est engendrée notamment à l'aide d'une masse pesante reposant sur ladite extrémité si la barre considérée est orientée verticalement ou plus généralement elle est engendrée à l'aide d'au moins une armature tendue s'étendant parallèlement à la barre et dont les deux extrémités sont ancrées respectivement sur deux blocs eux-mêmes solidarisés avec les deux extrémités de ladite barre.This compression is generated in particular using a heavy mass resting on said end if the bar in question is oriented vertically or more generally it is generated using at least one tensioned frame extending parallel to the bar and the two ends of which are anchored respectively on two blocks which are themselves secured to the two ends of said bar.

Dans les modes de réalisation basés sur ces solutions, les longueurs des éléments de béton renforcés et des barres de renforcement sont modestes, et ce pour un certain nombre de raisons dont les suivantes :

  • pour comprimer une barre en exerçant une poussée sur l'une de ses extrémités, il faut prévoir pour cette barre, du côté de cette extrémité, une surlongueur extérieure à l'élément en béton, surlongueur qui risque de flamber lors de l'exercice de la poussée considérée sur elle,
  • même si des moyens sont prévus pour éviter que la barre adhère à la paroi du canal qui la reçoit dans le béton, les frottements entre cette barre et cette paroi ne sont pas négligeables et réduisent de proche en proche les transferts de poussée à exploiter : c'est ainsi que, si la barre est trop longue, la poussée exercée sur l'une de ses extrémités ne la met en compression que sur une portion de sa longueur.
In the embodiments based on these solutions, the lengths of the reinforced concrete elements and of the reinforcement bars are modest, for a number of reasons including the following:
  • to compress a bar by exerting a push on one of its ends, it is necessary to plan for this bar, on the side of this end, an excess length external to the concrete element, excess length which is likely to buckle during the exercise of the push considered on it,
  • even if means are provided to prevent the bar from adhering to the wall of the channel which receives it in concrete, the friction between this bar and this wall is not negligible and gradually reduce the transfers of thrust to be exploited: c 'Thus, if the bar is too long, the thrust exerted on one of its ends puts it in compression only over a portion of its length.

L'invention a pour but, surtout, de remédier à ces divers inconvénients en permettant en particulier d'augmenter considérablement la portée des barres comprimées de renforcement du béton à la compression et de comprimer ces barres d'une manière simple et réglable avec précision, sans aucun risque de flambage, sans recours à des armatures auxiliaires et indépendamment de l'orientation desdites barres.The object of the invention is, above all, to remedy these various drawbacks by making it possible in particular to considerably increase the range of the compressed bars for reinforcing concrete during compression and to compress these bars in a simple and precisely adjustable manner, without any risk of buckling, without recourse to auxiliary reinforcements and independently of the orientation of said bars.

A cet effet, les dispositifs pour renforcer un élément en béton à la compression selon l'invention comprennent encore au moins une barre résistant à la compression longitudinale logée sans adhérence dans un canal évidé dans ledit élément et ils sont essentiellement caractérisés en ce que l'une au moins des deux extrémités de la barre est associée à un cadre rigide logé dans une cavité de l'élément accessible de l'extérieur de cet élément et agencé de façon à recevoir de manière amovible un générateur de poussée, un côté de ce cadre étant agencé de façon à faire prendre appui longitudinalement la barre sur le béton, directement ou non, dans le sens tendant à écarter ce béton de la barre et donc à résister à une poussée exercée en sens inverse, et son autre côté étant traversé par l'extrémité de barre concernée et étant agencé de façon à coopérer avec un organe unidirectionnel permettant successivement de faire repousser longitudinalement de façon réglable ladite extrémité par le générateur de poussée, puis de bloquer cette extrémité par rapport au cadre dans le sens correspondant à la rentrée de l'extrémité dans le cadre.To this end, the devices for reinforcing a compression concrete element according to the invention also comprise at least one bar resistant to longitudinal compression housed without adhesion in a hollowed-out channel in said element and they are essentially characterized in that the at least one of the two ends of the bar is associated with a rigid frame housed in a cavity of the element accessible from the outside of this element and arranged so as to removably receive a thrust generator, one side of this frame being arranged to cause the bar to bear longitudinally on the concrete, directly or indirectly, in the direction tending to separate this concrete from the bar and therefore to resist a thrust exerted in the opposite direction, and its other side being traversed by the bar end concerned and being arranged to cooperate with a unidirectional member successively making it possible to push said end longitudinally in an adjustable manner by the thrust generator, then to block this end relative to the frame in the direction corresponding to the re-entry of the end into the frame.

Dans des modes de réalisation avantageux, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • l'extrémité de barre considérée est filetée, la traversée du cadre par cette extrémité filetée est effectuée avec jeu au droit d'un alésage à face lisse et l'organe de blocage unidirectionnel est un écrou vissé sur l'extrémité filetée à l'extérieur du cadre,
  • l'organe de blocage unidirectionnel est un mors tronconique fendu à surface extérieure tronconique et à surface intérieure cylindrique propre à entourer quasi-jointivement l'extrémité de barre considérée, et la traversée du cadre par cette barre est effectuée au droit d'un alésage tronconique propre à recevoir jointivement ledit mors,
  • le côté du cadre opposé à celui traversé par l'extrémité de barre considérée est lui-même traversé par une extrémité d'une autre barre s'étendant dans le prolongement longitudinal de la première et coopère avec un organe de blocage unidirectionnel identique à celui précédemment mentionné,
  • l'organe de poussée est un vérin hydraulique,
  • le vérin hydraulique comprend une pluralité de vérins élémentaires montés en parallèle de façon à solliciter à l'écartement mutuel un carter comprenant les cylindres de ces vérins élémentaires et équipé d'une poignée et un palonnier solidaire des pistons desdits vérins élémentaires, l'ensemble du carter et du palonnier présentant la forme extérieure d'une valise dessinée et dimensionnée de façon à pouvoir être logée de manière facilement amovible dans le cadre avec prises d'appui du carter et du palonnier contre respectivement l'extrémité de barre à comprimer et le cadre ou l'extrémité contiguë d'une seconde barre à comprimer.
In advantageous embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:
  • the end of the bar in question is threaded, the crossing of the frame by this threaded end is performed with clearance in line with a bore with a smooth face and the unidirectional locking member is a nut screwed onto the threaded end on the outside of the frame,
  • the unidirectional locking member is a split frustoconical jaw with frustoconical outer surface and cylindrical inner surface suitable for almost contiguously surrounding the end of the bar in question, and the crossing of the frame by this bar is carried out in line with a frustoconical bore suitable for receiving said jaw together,
  • the side of the frame opposite to that crossed by the end of the bar in question is itself crossed by one end of another bar extending in the longitudinal extension of the first and cooperates with a unidirectional locking member identical to that previously mentionned,
  • the thrust member is a hydraulic cylinder,
  • the hydraulic cylinder comprises a plurality of elementary cylinders mounted in parallel so as to urge at mutual spacing a casing comprising the cylinders of these elementary cylinders and equipped with a handle and a spreader integral with the pistons of said elementary cylinders, the whole of the casing and lifting beam having the external shape of a suitcase designed and dimensioned so that it can be accommodated easily removable in the frame with sockets for the casing and the lifting beam respectively against the bar end to be compressed and the frame or the adjoining end of a second bar to be compressed.

L'invention concerne également les ouvrages en béton sollicités au moins localement à la compression et renforcés par au moins un dispositif du genre décrit ci-dessus, et en particulier :

  • des tronçons de ponts en béton montés en encorbellement ou porte-à-faux à partir d'une pile, tronçons caractérisés en ce qu'ils présentent un intrados renforcé de la manière indiquée ci-dessus,
  • des poutres en béton dont les deux extrémités reposent respectivement sur deux appuis, poutres caractérisées en ce qu'elles présentent une portion supérieure renforcée de la manière indiquée ci-dessus,
  • et des chaussées en béton caractérisées en ce qu'elles comportent, juxtaposée à une portion passive à soumettre à une compression horizontale longitudinale, au moins une portion active renforcée de la manière indiquée ci-dessus.
The invention also relates to concrete structures stressed at least locally under compression and reinforced by at least one device of the type described above, and in particular:
  • sections of concrete bridges mounted cantilevered or cantilevered from a pier, sections characterized in that they have a lower surface reinforced in the manner indicated above,
  • concrete beams, the two ends of which rest respectively on two supports, beams characterized in that they have an upper portion reinforced in the manner indicated above,
  • and concrete pavements characterized in that they comprise, juxtaposed with a passive portion to be subjected to a longitudinal horizontal compression, at least one active portion reinforced in the manner indicated above.

L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après.The invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.

Dans ce qui suit, l'on va décrire quelques modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés d'une manière bien entendu non limitative.In what follows, we will describe some preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in a manner which is of course not limiting.

La figure 1, de ces dessins, montre en coupe un élément de béton sollicité à la compression et renforcé par un dispositif à barre comprimée établi selon l'invention.Figure 1 of these drawings shows in section a concrete element stressed under compression and reinforced by a compressed bar device established according to the invention.

La figure 2 montre une variante également conforme à l'invention d'une portion du dispositif de la figure 1.FIG. 2 shows a variant also according to the invention of a portion of the device of FIG. 1.

La figure 3 montre en coupe à plus petite échelle un autre élément de béton renforcé par un dispositif selon l'invention comprenant plusieurs barres comprimées montées en série.Figure 3 shows in section on a smaller scale another concrete element reinforced by a device according to the invention comprising several compressed bars mounted in series.

Les figures 4 et 5 montrent, respectivement en coupe selon IV-IV, figure 5 et en vue en bout un vérin hydraulique conforme à l'invention pouvant faire partie des dispositifs de renforcement ci-dessus.Figures 4 and 5 show, respectively in section along IV-IV, Figure 5 and in end view a hydraulic cylinder according to the invention may be part of the above reinforcing devices.

Les figures 6, 7 et 8 montrent une portion de pont en encorbellement renforcée selon l'invention, respectivement en vue en plan schématique, en coupe longitudinale verticale selon VII-VII, figure 6 et en coupe transversale selon VIII-VIII, figure 7.FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show a portion of a reinforced cantilever bridge according to the invention, respectively in diagrammatic plan view, in vertical longitudinal section according to VII-VII, FIG. 6 and in cross section according to VIII-VIII, FIG. 7.

Les figures 9, 10 et 11 montrent une poutre en béton reposant sur appuis à ses deux extrémités et renforcée selon l'invention, respectivement en vue en plan schématique, en coupe longitudinale verticale selon X-X, figure 9 et en coupe transversale selon XI-XI, figure 9.Figures 9, 10 and 11 show a concrete beam resting on supports at its two ends and reinforced according to the invention, respectively in schematic plan view, in vertical longitudinal section along XX, Figure 9 and in cross section along XI-XI , figure 9.

Les figures 12, 13 et 14 montrent des tronçons de chaussée renforcés selon l'invention, respectivement en plan, en plan à plus grande échelle et en coupe verticale à encore plus grande échelle selon XIV-XIV, figure 13.FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 show reinforced sections of roadway according to the invention, respectively in plan, in plan on a larger scale and in vertical section on an even larger scale according to XIV-XIV, FIG. 13.

D'une façon générale, on se propose d'augmenter la résistance à la compression d'un élément en béton 1 présentant une relativement grande dimension selon une direction D et se présentant notamment sous la forme d'un poteau, voile ou poutre, ledit élément présentant, au moins localement, une dimension relativement petite selon une direction E perpendiculaire à D et étant sollicité à une forte compression selon cette direction D, ainsi que schématisé par des flèches F sur la figure 1.In general, it is proposed to increase the compressive strength of a concrete element 1 having a relatively large dimension in a direction D and being in particular in the form of a post, veil or beam, said element having, at least locally, a relatively small dimension in a direction E perpendicular to D and being subjected to strong compression in this direction D, as shown diagrammatically by arrows F in FIG. 1.

On évide à cet effet dans l'élément 1 un canal cylindrique 2 s'étendant selon la direction D, dont la section droite, de préférence circulaire, est seulement un peu plus grande que la section droite d'une barre métallique 3 résistante à la compression axiale et on loge cette barre 3 dans ce canal 2.For this purpose, a cylindrical channel 2 extending in the direction D is hollowed out in the element 1, the cross section of which, preferably circular, is only slightly larger than the cross section of a metal bar 3 resistant to axial compression and this bar 3 is housed in this channel 2.

La longueur de la barre 3 est inférieure à celle de l'élément 1 de sorte qu'aucune de ses extrémités ne déborde en dehors de cet élément.The length of the bar 3 is less than that of the element 1 so that none of its ends projects beyond this element.

De plus, des moyens sont prévus pour faire prendre appui longitudinalement les deux extrémités de la barre 3 contre des portions, de l'élément 1, fortement sollicitées à la compression en direction de cette barre et pour solliciter ladite barre 3 à la compression axiale après sa mise en place dans le canal 2.In addition, means are provided for making the two ends of the bar 3 bear longitudinally against portions of the element 1, which are highly stressed under compression in the direction of this bar and for stressing said bar 3 under axial compression after its placement in channel 2.

A l'une au moins 3₁ des deux extrémités de la barre 3, la prise d'appui en question est réalisée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif qui permet non seulement la prise en charge de la compression considérée, mais aussi la création de celle-ci.At one at least 3₁ of the two ends of the bar 3, the support bearing in question is produced by means of a device which allows not only the support of the compression considered, but also the creation of this one.

Ce dispositif comprend essentiellement un cadre rigide 4 logé dans une cavité 5 évidée dans l'élément 1 de façon telle que l'espace intérieur au cadre soit facilement accessible depuis l'extérieur dudit élément.This device essentially comprises a rigid frame 4 housed in a cavity 5 hollowed out in the element 1 so that the space inside the frame is easily accessible from the outside of said element.

L'un des côtés 4₁ du cadre 4 est évidé par un alésage 6 lui-même traversé par l'extrémité 3₁ considérée de la barre 3, ce qui rend possible l'application longitudinale directe d'une poussée sur cette extrémité à partir d'un vérin approprié 7 introduit de façon amovible à l'intérieur du cadre 4.One of the sides 4 côtés of the frame 4 is hollowed out by a bore 6 itself crossed by the end 3₁ considered of the bar 3, which makes possible the direct longitudinal application of a thrust on this end from an appropriate jack 7 removably inserted inside the frame 4.

Des moyens de blocage unidirectionnels sont prévus en outre :

  • d'une part pour rendre possibles les légers déplacements longitudinaux de l'extrémité 3₁ de la barre 3 par rapport au cadre 4 dans le sens tendant à sortir cette extrémité du cadre, lors de l'application des poussées du vérin 7 sur elle,
  • et d'autre part pour bloquer ensuite ladite extrémité par rapport au cadre 1 dans le sens de sa rentrée à l'intérieur du cadre, de façon à rendre possible ensuite la détente et l'enlèvement du vérin 7.
Unidirectional locking means are also provided:
  • on the one hand to make possible the slight longitudinal displacements of the end 3₁ of the bar 3 relative to the frame 4 in the direction tending to leave this end of the frame, during the application of the thrusts of the jack 7 on it,
  • and secondly to then block said end relative to frame 1 in the direction of its retracted inside the frame, so as to then make it possible to relax and remove the jack 7.

Deux modes de réalisation ont été illustrés pour ces moyens de blocage unidirectionnel de l'extrémité 3₁ de la barre 3.Two embodiments have been illustrated for these unidirectional locking means of the 3 l'extrémité end of the bar 3.

Dans le premier mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 1, l'alésage 6 présente une face cylindrique interne lisse, l'extrémité 3₁ est filetée et peut se déplacer librement dans l'alésage 6 et un écrou 8 présentant un filetage complémentaire de celui de l'extrémité 3₁ est monté sur cette dernière juste à l'extérieur du cadre 4.In the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the bore 6 has a smooth internal cylindrical face, the end 3₁ is threaded and can move freely in the bore 6 and a nut 8 having a thread complementary to that of the 3₁ end is mounted on the latter just outside the frame 4.

En examinant la figure 1, on se rend compte que, dans ces conditions, l'extrémité 3₁ peut être repoussée vers la droite en vue d'être soumise à une compression axiale et que, pour maintenir ensuite la position relative obtenue entre l'extrémité 3₁ et le cadre 4 en fin de compression, il suffit de visser l'écrou 8 jusqu'à obtention de son contact avec le côté 4₁ du cadre 4.By examining FIG. 1, we realize that, under these conditions, the 3₁ end can be pushed to the right in order to be subjected to axial compression and that, to then maintain the relative position obtained between the end 3₁ and the frame 4 at the end of compression, it suffices to screw the nut 8 until its contact with the side 4₁ of the frame 4 is obtained.

Dans le deuxième mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 2, l'alésage 6 présente une face intérieure tronconique divergente vers l'extérieur du cadre 4 et l'on a entouré l'extrémité 3₁, alors lisse ou pratiquement telle, par une bague fendue longitudinalement constituant mors d'ancrage d'une façon bien connue en soi, ladite bague présentant une face intérieure cylindrique propre à entourer jointivement l'extrémité 3₁ et une face extérieure tronconique propre à être logée jointivement dans l'alésage 6 complémentaire.In the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the bore 6 has a frustoconical inner face diverging towards the outside of the frame 4 and the 3 l'extrémité end, then smooth or practically such, has been surrounded by a split ring longitudinally constituting anchoring jaws in a manner well known per se, said ring having a cylindrical inner face suitable for contiguously surrounding the end 3₁ and a frustoconical outer face suitable for being joined contiguously in the complementary bore 6.

Le nombre des fentes longitudinales de ce bord est avantageusement égal à 3, de sorte que ledit mors est composé de trois clavettes identiques.The number of longitudinal slots on this edge is advantageously equal to 3, so that said jaw is made up of three identical keys.

L'examen de la figure 2 permet de comprendre facilement le fonctionnement d'un tel mécanisme : dans tous les cas, c'est-à-dire que le mors 9 soit enfoncé axialement dans son logement 6 ou non, il est toujours possible de déplacer vers la droite l'extrémité 3₁ de la barre 3 ; mais les déplacements de cette extrémité vers la gauche sont interdits dès que le mors 9 se trouve en sa position enfoncée.The examination of FIG. 2 makes it easy to understand the operation of such a mechanism: in all cases, that is to say whether the jaw 9 is driven axially into its housing 6 or not, it is always possible to move the 3₁ end of bar 3 to the right; but movement of this end to the left is prohibited as soon as the jaw 9 is in its depressed position.

Dans un cas comme dans l'autre, on réalise ainsi un bon transfert des poussées axiales entre la barre 3 et le cadre 4 lorsque l'organe de blocage (8,9) est en sa position de blocage.In either case, a good transfer of the axial thrusts is thus achieved between the bar 3 and the frame 4 when the blocking member (8, 9) is in its blocking position.

Pour ce qui est de la prise d'appui du cadre 4 contre l'élément en béton 1, on peut l'assurer tout simplement, comme illustré sur la figure 1, en élargissant le côté 4₂, dudit cadre, opposé au côté 4₁ de façon à constituer une plaque de poussée directement noyée dans la masse de béton sollicitée à la compression.With regard to the support of the frame 4 against the concrete element 1, it can simply be ensured, as illustrated in FIG. 1, by widening the 4₂ side of said frame, opposite to the 4 côté side of so as to constitute a thrust plate directly embedded in the mass of concrete subjected to compression.

Selon une variante avantageuse, le côté 4₂ en question est conformé de la même façon que la côté 4₁ et associé, comme ce dernier, à une extrémité d'une barre disposée dans le prolongement de la barre 3 et destinée à travailler comme cette dernière à la compression.According to an advantageous variant, the 4₂ side in question is shaped in the same way as the 4₁ side and associated, like the latter, with one end of a bar arranged in the extension of the bar 3 and intended to work like the latter at the compression.

Dans ce cas, le cadre 4 peut être considéré comme un "coupleur" entre les deux barres considérées, propre non seulement à transférer les forces de compression d'une barre à l'autre, mais aussi à engendrer cette force à partir du vérin 7.In this case, the frame 4 can be considered as a "coupler" between the two bars considered, suitable not only for transferring the compressive forces from one bar to the other, but also for generating this force from the jack 7. .

C'est une telle hypothèse qui a été retenue dans la version illustrée sur la figure 3, où l'on trouve montées en série à l'aide de deux "coupleurs" 4 du genre de celui qui vient d'être décrit, trois barres 3 successives disposées dans le prolongement mutuel l'une de l'autre.It is such an assumption which was retained in the version illustrated on figure 3, where one finds assembled in series using two "couplers" 4 of the kind of that which has just been described, three bars 3 successive ones arranged in mutual extension of each other.

Il est bien entendu possible de donner au nombre desdits "coupleurs" 4 une valeur supérieure à 2, ce qui permet de travailler avec des "chapelets" de barres propres à transférer à une grande distance un effort de compression et donc de renforcer avec des barres comprimées des ouvrages en béton présentant des dimensions très supérieures à ceux renforcés jusqu'à ce jour par cette technique, ainsi qu'il sera explicité ci-après dans le cadre de plusieurs exemples d'application.It is of course possible to give the number of said "couplers" 4 a value greater than 2, which makes it possible to work with "strings" of bars capable of transferring a compression force at a great distance and therefore of reinforcing with bars. compressed concrete structures with dimensions far superior to those reinforced to date by this technique, as will be explained below in the context of several application examples.

Dans de tels chapelets de barres, les deux extrémités de chacune des barres intermédiaires sont raccordées de la manière décrite ci-dessus à des cadres ou coupleurs de liaison.In such strings of bars, the two ends of each of the intermediate bars are connected in the manner described above to connecting frames or couplers.

A chacune des extrémités d'un tel chapelet, on prévoit des moyens répartiteurs de pression qui peuvent encore être constitués par des cadres terminaux du genre de celui illustré en 4 sur la figure 1 mais qui sont de préférence constitués chacun, plus simplement, par une plaque rigide de poussée 10 (figures 1 et 3) disposée perpendiculairement à la barre terminale 3 concernée, et en juxtaposition contre son extrémité, ladite plaque étant noyée dans le béton constitutif de l'élément 1 dans une zone de celui-ci sollicitée à la compression.At each end of such a chain, pressure distributing means are provided which can also be constituted by end frames of the kind illustrated in 4 in FIG. 1 but which are preferably each constituted, more simply, by a rigid thrust plate 10 (FIGS. 1 and 3) disposed perpendicularly to the end bar 3 concerned, and in juxtaposition against its end, said plate being embedded in the concrete constituting the element 1 in a zone of the latter stressed at the compression.

La plaque 10 peut être remplacée au moins en partie par une adhérence réalisée sur une longueur suffisante entre la face latérale du tronçon de barre voisin de l'extrémité considérée et la masse de béton environnante.The plate 10 can be replaced at least in part by an adhesion produced over a sufficient length between the lateral face of the bar section neighboring the end considered and the surrounding concrete mass.

Pour ce qui est du vérin 7, on lui donne une forme facilement manipulable et propre à être introduite de façon facilement amovible à l'intérieur du cadre 4.As regards the jack 7, it is given a shape which is easy to handle and suitable for being inserted in an easily removable manner inside the frame 4.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux qui a été illustré sur les figures 4 et 5, ce vérin est triple et comprend :

  • un carter 11 évidé par trois cylindres 12 d'axes parallèles reliés par des canalisations 13 appropriées à une source extérieure de liquide sous pression (non représentée),
  • et un palonnier 14 solidaire de trois pistons 15 logés de façon étanche dans les cylindres 12 et sollicités à l'enfoncement dans ces cylindres par des ressorts 16 à l'encontre de la pression hydraulique.
In an advantageous embodiment which has been illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, this jack is triple and comprises:
  • a casing 11 hollowed out by three cylinders 12 of parallel axes connected by pipes 13 suitable for an external source of pressurized liquid (not shown),
  • and a spreader 14 integral with three pistons 15 housed in a sealed manner in the cylinders 12 and urged to sink into these cylinders by springs 16 against hydraulic pressure.

Le carter 11 est équipé d'une poignée 17 permettant de manipuler facilement l'ensemble.The housing 11 is equipped with a handle 17 allowing the assembly to be easily manipulated.

Dans le mode de réalisation préféré illustré, le cadre 4 présente une forme rectangulaire allongée selon les directions des barres 3, de sorte que les côtés 4₁ et 4₂ sont les petits côtés du rectangle, les axes des vérins élémentaires 12, 15 composant le triple vérin sont disposés parallèlement l'un à l'autre dans un même plan parallèle à la direction d'introduction de ce triple vérin dans le cadre 4 et l'ensemble dudit triple vérin se présente sous la forme extérieure d'une valise bordée sur ses deux flancs extrêmes par des plots de poussée 18 et 19 ainsi que visible sur les figures 4 et 5.In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the frame 4 has a rectangular shape elongated in the directions of the bars 3, so that the sides 4₁ and 4₂ are the short sides of the rectangle, the axes of the elementary jacks 12, 15 making up the triple jack are arranged parallel to each other in the same plane parallel to the direction of introduction of this triple cylinder in frame 4 and the assembly of said triple cylinder is in the external form of a suitcase bordered on its two extreme sides by thrust pads 18 and 19 as can be seen in Figures 4 and 5.

Pour ce qui est des barres 3, on peut les constituer par des éléments monoblocs, de préférence enveloppés dans un tube mince de protection, notamment en acier.As regards the bars 3, they can be made up of one-piece elements, preferably wrapped in a thin protective tube, in particular made of steel.

Mais on peut également constituer les barres 3 par des faisceaux de fils ou tiges, ronds ou non, faisceaux eux-mêmes enveloppés par des tubes de protection.But one can also constitute the bars 3 by bundles of wires or rods, round or not, bundles themselves wrapped by protective tubes.

En suite de quoi, et quel que soit le mode de réalisation adopté, on obtient finalement un dispositif comprenant au moins une barre comprimée, permettant de renforcer un élément en béton sollicité à la compression, dispositif dont la constitution résulte suffisamment de ce qui précède.As a result of this, and whatever the embodiment adopted, there is finally obtained a device comprising at least one compressed bar, making it possible to reinforce a concrete element subjected to compression, a device whose constitution results sufficiently from the above.

Pour mettre en oeuvre un tel dispositif, il suffit de prévoir dans une portion sollicitée à la compression d'un élément en béton 1 à renforcer au moins un canal 2 s'étendant selon la direction de la compression et garni d'une barre 3 associée à l'une au moins de ses extrémités à un cadre 4 du genre décrit ci-dessus logé dans une cavité 5 appropriée dudit élément 1, l'autre extrémité de ladite barre 3 étant elle-même agencée de façon à prendre appui, directement ou non, sur une portion de l'élément en béton 1 en sens inverse de la sollicitation à la compression de cette portion.To implement such a device, it suffices to provide in a portion biased for compression of a concrete element 1 to reinforce at least one channel 2 extending in the direction of compression and lined with an associated bar 3 at at least one of its ends to a frame 4 of the kind described above housed in an appropriate cavity 5 of said element 1, the other end of said bar 3 being itself arranged so as to bear directly or no, on a portion of the concrete element 1 in the opposite direction to the compressive stress on this portion.

La compression de la barre 3 est ensuite très facilement obtenue en introduisant dans le cadre 4 un vérin 7 approprié, en chargeant ce vérin de façon à exercer sur l'extrémité 3₁ de la barre 3 la poussée désirée, puis en bloquant la liaison entre cette barre et le cadre 4, en détendant le vérin 7 et en le dégageant hors du cadre 4 et de l'élément 1.The compression of the bar 3 is then very easily obtained by introducing into the frame 4 an appropriate cylinder 7, by loading this cylinder so as to exert on the end 3₁ of the bar 3 the desired thrust, then by blocking the connection between this bar and frame 4, by relaxing the jack 7 and releasing it out of frame 4 and element 1.

La compression ainsi effectuée présente de nombreux avantages par rapport à celles antérieurement proposées, notamment en ce qu'elle n'exige de recours à aucune extrémité de barre en saillie hors de l'élément en béton 1 ni à aucune armature de tension auxiliaire et surtout en ce qu'elle rend possible le raccord en série d'une pluralité de barres comprimées 3, ce qui permet de traiter des ouvrages en béton de grande longueur.The compression thus carried out has numerous advantages compared to those previously proposed, in particular in that it does not require recourse to any bar end projecting out of the concrete element 1 nor to any auxiliary tension reinforcement and above all in that it makes possible the serial connection of a plurality of compressed bars 3, which makes it possible to treat concrete works of great length.

Plusieurs exemples sont donnés ci-après de renforcement de tels ouvrages.Several examples are given below of reinforcement of such works.

Le premier exemple illustré sur les figures 5 à 8 montre un tronçon de pont en béton 20 monté en encorbellement, c'est-à-dire en porte-à-faux, sur une pile 21 et composé de voussoirs successifs 22 rapportés longitudinalement les uns contre les autres.The first example illustrated in Figures 5 to 8 shows a section of concrete bridge 20 cantilevered, that is to say cantilevered, on a pile 21 and composed of successive segments 22 longitudinally reported one against others.

Ce tronçon de pont comprend une dalle supérieure 23 et une voute inférieure (ou intrados) 24 qui sont entretoisées par des voiles verticaux 25.This section of bridge comprises an upper slab 23 and a lower arch (or lower surface) 24 which are braced by vertical sails 25.

La dalle 23 qui travaille à la traction est renforcée d'une façon connue en soi par des armatures de précontrainte 26 et la voûte inférieure 24 est armée de barres longitudinales 27 qui sont associées à des cadres ou "coupleurs" 28 du genre décrit ci-dessus et qui sont comprimées de la manière décrite ci-dessus.The slab 23 which works in traction is reinforced in a manner known per se by prestressing reinforcements 26 and the lower arch 24 is armed with longitudinal bars 27 which are associated with frames or "couplers" 28 of the kind described above. above and which are compressed as described above.

Le second exemple illustré sur les figures 9 à 11 montre une poutre en béton 29 dont les deux extrémités reposent sur deux appuis 30 et qui est composée d'un plateau supérieur 31 relié à un plateau inférieur formant intrados 32 par des voiles verticaux 33.The second example illustrated in Figures 9 to 11 shows a concrete beam 29 whose two ends rest on two supports 30 and which is composed of an upper plate 31 connected to a lower plate forming intrados 32 by vertical sails 33.

Les voiles 33, dont la portion inférieure travaille à la traction, sont renforcés d'une façon connue en soi par des armatures de précontrainte 34.The sails 33, the lower portion of which works under tension, are reinforced in a manner known per se by prestressing reinforcements 34.

Quant au plateau supérieur 31, qui travaille à la compression, il est renforcé par des barres longitudinales 35 comprimées associées à des cadres ou "coupleurs" 36 tels que décrits ci-dessus.As for the upper plate 31, which works on compression, it is reinforced by compressed longitudinal bars 35 associated with frames or "couplers" 36 as described above.

Le troisième exemple illustré sur les figures 12 à 14 concerne une chaussée en béton 37 composée de tronçons "passifs" relativement longs 38 entre lesquels sont interposés des tronçons "actifs" 39 plus courts.The third example illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 14 relates to a concrete roadway 37 composed of relatively long "passive" sections 38 between which are interposed shorter "active" sections 39.

Les tronçons "passifs" 38 sont soumis à une compression longitudinale engendrée au niveau des tronçons actifs par des barres longitudinales comprimées 40 associées à des cadres ou "coupleurs" 41 du type décrit ci-dessus.The "passive" sections 38 are subjected to longitudinal compression generated at the active sections by compressed longitudinal bars 40 associated with frames or "couplers" 41 of the type described above.

Dans ce cas, chaque barre 40 a une extrémité associée à l'un des coupleurs 41 disposé dans un tronçon "actif" 39 et son autre extrémité est noyée de façon adhérente dans un tronçon passif 38 adjacent et vient en butée contre une plaque verticale 42 noyée dans ce tronçon 38.In this case, each bar 40 has one end associated with one of the couplers 41 disposed in an "active" section 39 and its other end is adherently embedded in an adjacent passive section 38 and abuts against a vertical plate 42 drowned in this section 38.

Des joints appropriés 43 sont bien entendu interposés entre les tronçons de chaussée 38 et 39 de façon à rendre possibles leurs légères déformations mutuelles.Appropriate seals 43 are of course interposed between the road sections 38 and 39 so as to make possible their slight mutual deformations.

Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux des modes de réalisation et d'application qui ont été plus particulièrement décrits ci-dessus; elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes, notamment celles où l'une au moins des barres comprimées serait composée de plusieurs tronçons juxtaposés mutuellement bout à bout, les extrémités raboutées étant notamment guidées par un manchon rigide commun les enveloppant toutes les deux.As is obvious, and as it already follows from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of the embodiments and applications which have been more particularly described above; on the contrary, it embraces all variants thereof, in particular those in which at least one of the compressed bars is composed of several sections juxtaposed mutually end to end, the butted ends being in particular guided by a common rigid sleeve enveloping them both.

Claims (10)

Dispositif pour renforcer un élément en béton (1) à la compression, comprenant au moins une barre (3) résistant à la compression longitudinale logée sans adhérence dans un canal (2) évidé dans ledit élément, caractérisé en ce que l'une au moins (3₁) des deux extrémités de la barre est associée à un cadre rigide (4) logé dans une cavité (5) de l'élément accessible de l'extérieur de cet élément et agencé de façon à recevoir de manière amovible un générateur de poussée (7), un côté (4₂) de ce cadre étant agencé de façon à faire prendre appui longitudinalement la barre sur le béton, directement ou non, dans le sens tendant à écarter ce béton de la barre et donc à résister à une poussée (F) exercée en sens inverse et son autre côté (4₁) étant traversé par l'extrémité de barre concernée et étant agencé de façon à coopérer avec un organe unidirectionnel (8,9) permettant successivement de faire repousser longitudinalement de façon réglable ladite extrémité par le générateur de poussée, puis de bloquer cette extrémité par rapport au cadre dans le sens correspondant à la rentrée de l'extrémité dans le cadreDevice for reinforcing a concrete element (1) under compression, comprising at least one bar (3) resistant to longitudinal compression housed without adhesion in a channel (2) hollowed out in said element, characterized in that at least one (3₁) of the two ends of the bar is associated with a rigid frame (4) housed in a cavity (5) of the element accessible from the outside of this element and arranged so as to removably receive a thrust generator (7), one side (4₂) of this frame being arranged so as to make the bar bear longitudinally on the concrete, directly or not, in the direction tending to separate this concrete from the bar and therefore to resist a thrust ( F) exerted in the opposite direction and its other side (4₁) being traversed by the end of the bar concerned and being arranged so as to cooperate with a unidirectional member (8, 9) successively making it possible to regrow longitudinally so said end is adjustable by the thrust generator, then to block this end relative to the frame in the direction corresponding to the retraction of the end into the frame Dispositif de renforcement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité de barre considérée (3₁) est filetée, en ce que la traversée du cadre (4) par cette extrémité filetée est effectuée avec jeu au droit d'un alésage (6) à face lisse et en ce que l'organe de blocage unidirectionnel est un écrou (8) vissé sur l'extrémité filetée à l'extérieur du cadre.Reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bar end considered (3₁) is threaded, in that the crossing of the frame (4) by this threaded end is effected with clearance in line with a bore (6 ) with a smooth face and in that the unidirectional locking member is a nut (8) screwed onto the threaded end outside the frame. Dispositif de renforcement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de blocage unidirectionnel est un mors tronconique fendu (9) à surface extérieure tronconique et à surface intérieure cylindrique propre à entourer quasi-jointivement l'extrémité de barre considérée (3₁), et en ce que la traversée du cadre par cette barre est effectuée au droit d'un alésage tronconique (6) propre à recevoir jointivement ledit mors.Reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that the unidirectional locking member is a split frustoconical jaw (9) with frustoconical outer surface and inner surface cylindrical suitable for almost contiguously surrounding the end of the bar in question (3₁), and in that the crossing of the frame by this bar is carried out in line with a frustoconical bore (6) suitable for receiving said jaw joined. Dispositif de renforcement selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que le côté du cadre (4) opposé à celui (4₁) traversé par l'extrémité de barre considérée (3₁) est lui-même traversé par une extrémité d'une autre barre s'étendant dans le prolongement longitudinal de la première et coopère avec un organe de blocage unidirectionnel identique à celui précédemment mentionné.Reinforcement device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side of the frame (4) opposite to that (4₁) crossed by the bar end considered (3₁) is itself crossed by one end of another bar extending in the longitudinal extension of the first and cooperates with a unidirectional locking member identical to that previously mentioned. Dispositif de renforcement selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de poussée (7) est un vérin hydraulique.Reinforcement device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thrust member (7) is a hydraulic cylinder. Dispositif de renforcement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le vérin hydraulique comprend une pluralité de vérins élémentaires montés en parallèle de façon à solliciter à l'écartement mutuel un carter (11) comprenant les cylindres (12) de ces vérins élémentaires et équipé d'une poignée (17) et un palonnier (14) solidaire des pistons (15) desdits vérins élémentaires, l'ensemble du carter et du palonnier présentant la forme extérieure d'une valise dessinée et dimensionnée de façon à pouvoir être logée de manière facilement amovible dans le cadre (4) avec prises d'appui du carter et du palonnier contre respectivement l'extrémité de barre (3₁) à comprimer et le cadre (4) ou l'extrémité contiguë d'une seconde barre à comprimer.Reinforcement device according to claim 5, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder comprises a plurality of elementary cylinders mounted in parallel so as to urge a mutual casing (11) comprising the cylinders (12) of these elementary cylinders and equipped a handle (17) and a lifter (14) integral with the pistons (15) of said elementary cylinders, the whole of the casing and the lifter having the external shape of a suitcase designed and dimensioned so as to be able to be housed so easily removable in the frame (4) with sockets for the casing and the lifting beam respectively against the bar end (3₁) to be compressed and the frame (4) or the contiguous end of a second bar to be compressed. Ouvrage en béton comportant une portion travaillant à la compression, caractérisé en ce que cette portion est renforcée par un dispositif à barre comprimée (3) et cadre (4) conforme à l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications.Concrete structure comprising a portion working under compression, characterized in that this portion is reinforced by a compressed bar device (3) and frame (4) according to any one of the preceding claims. Tronçon de pont en béton (20) monté en encorbellement ou porte-à-faux à partir d'une pile (21), selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un intrados (24) renforcé de la manière indiquée ci-dessus.Concrete bridge section (20) cantilevered or cantilevered from a pile (21), according to claim 7, characterized in that it has a lower surface (24) reinforced in the manner indicated below -above. Poutre en béton (29) dont les deux extrémités reposent respectivement sur deux appuis (30), selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente une portion supérieure (31) renforcée de la manière indiquée ci-dessus.Concrete beam (29), the two ends of which rest respectively on two supports (30), according to claim 7, characterized in that it has an upper portion (31) reinforced in the manner indicated above. Chaussée en béton (37) selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, juxtaposée à une portion passive (38) à soumettre à une compression horizontale longitudinale, au moins une portion active (39) renforcée de la manière indiquée ci-dessus.Concrete roadway (37) according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises, juxtaposed with a passive portion (38) to be subjected to longitudinal horizontal compression, at least one active portion (39) reinforced in the manner indicated above. above.
EP92401623A 1991-06-13 1992-06-12 Method of and device for the reinforcement of the pressure load capacity of concrete and reinforced concrete structures Expired - Lifetime EP0518771B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9107228 1991-06-13
FR9107228A FR2677693B1 (en) 1991-06-13 1991-06-13 IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS AND DEVICES FOR REINFORCING CONCRETE WITH COMPRESSION AND CONCRETE STRUCTURES THUS REINFORCED.
CA002071292A CA2071292A1 (en) 1991-06-13 1992-06-16 Improvements to processes and devices for increasing compressive strength of concrete, and to concrete structures so reinforced

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EP0518771A1 true EP0518771A1 (en) 1992-12-16
EP0518771B1 EP0518771B1 (en) 1994-06-01

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EP92401623A Expired - Lifetime EP0518771B1 (en) 1991-06-13 1992-06-12 Method of and device for the reinforcement of the pressure load capacity of concrete and reinforced concrete structures

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US (1) US5272851A (en)
EP (1) EP0518771B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05171618A (en)
AT (1) ATE106487T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2071292A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69200158T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2677693B1 (en)

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FR3018298A1 (en) * 2014-03-10 2015-09-11 Alain Sabbah REINFORCING BARRET FOR STRUCTURE ELEMENT

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FR3018298A1 (en) * 2014-03-10 2015-09-11 Alain Sabbah REINFORCING BARRET FOR STRUCTURE ELEMENT
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ATE106487T1 (en) 1994-06-15
DE69200158T2 (en) 1994-09-15
US5272851A (en) 1993-12-28
FR2677693B1 (en) 1993-10-08
EP0518771B1 (en) 1994-06-01
FR2677693A1 (en) 1992-12-18
CA2071292A1 (en) 1993-12-17
DE69200158D1 (en) 1994-07-07
JPH05171618A (en) 1993-07-09

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