EP0518297B1 - Excavation equipment and method to control the rate of advance of an excavation tool - Google Patents

Excavation equipment and method to control the rate of advance of an excavation tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0518297B1
EP0518297B1 EP92109766A EP92109766A EP0518297B1 EP 0518297 B1 EP0518297 B1 EP 0518297B1 EP 92109766 A EP92109766 A EP 92109766A EP 92109766 A EP92109766 A EP 92109766A EP 0518297 B1 EP0518297 B1 EP 0518297B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
excavation
speed
tool
equipment according
drives
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP92109766A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0518297A1 (en
Inventor
Maximilian Arzberger
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B11/00Other drilling tools
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22Component parts
    • E02F3/26Safety or control devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an excavation device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • excavation devices of the generic type, which consist of a rail-guided carriage which has a boom on which a milling frame is suspended in a vertically movable manner via a cable winch.
  • An electrically or hydraulically operated winch and a hydraulic cylinder are generally provided for the vertical movement.
  • milling frame should be able to be lowered onto the milling base at the highest possible speed and that its vertical speed should be controllable very precisely in the area of the milling base.
  • a drive device for hoists and conveying means which, for variable, infinitely variable speed of slow and very precise movement, has two independently acting drive motors each connected to a gear.
  • the drive motors are connected via their drive shafts to a differential gear which is rotatable about the drive shafts.
  • an excavation device which has a large number of devices for detecting the lowering speed of a drilling tool and a computer as well as corresponding control devices for controlling the lowering speed of the drilling tool.
  • the multi-stage arrangement is particularly susceptible to faults because of the electronics used and requires relatively high investment and maintenance costs.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an excavation device with a drive device for an excavation tool that can be lowered into the ground, as well as a method for controlling a drive device for such an excavation tool, which ensure automatic control of the vertical movement of the excavation tool with particularly little effort and an exact and enable executable vertical movement of the excavation tool at high speed.
  • the object is achieved by an excavation device with an excavation tool that can be lowered into the ground, a drive device for the excavation tool and a controller for the drive device of the excavation tool in that a frame with a carrying device for the excavation tool, which is a deep drilling machine or a trench cutter, is provided is that a measuring arrangement for a tensile force and / or speed measurement of the excavation tool is provided, that the drive device has two drives coupled via a superimposition or differential gear and that the control of the drives via their differential speed or superimposed speed corresponding to a tensile force and / or There is a speed deviation from a setpoint.
  • the object is achieved in that, in order to control a drive device for an excavation tool of an excavation device that can be lowered into the ground, the excavation tool, a deep drilling tool or a trench cutter, is moved vertically in that the tensile force and / or the speed of the excavation tool are related to one on the excavation device trained support device measured and the signal received to form a deviation signal is compared with a target value and that the differential frequency of two drives coupled via a superimposition or differential gear for advancing the excavation tool is adjusted according to the level of the deviation signal.
  • the speed of advance of an excavation tool e.g. control the vertical speed of a milling frame very precisely over the difference in speed of the two drives, while the direction of movement of the milling frame is determined by the absolute direction of rotation of the two drives.
  • the speed of the two drives is added by the superposition gear and converted into a correspondingly rapid vertical movement of the milling frame.
  • the direction of rotation of the two drives determines whether the milling frame is moved up or down.
  • the direction of rotation of the two drives is regulated in the same direction, the output of the differential being only a low speed of rotation due to a small speed difference between the two drives receives, which leads to a very low vertical speed of the milling frame. This is possible because higher speeds of the individual drives can be controlled better than very low speeds of a single drive.
  • the carrying device with the drive unit for the milling frame can be designed in a variety of ways, e.g. as a cable winch, as a spindle drive, in the manner of a chain drive or as a rack and pinion drive.
  • the drives can be arranged either on the frame and / or on the milling frame. Because of the lowest sensitivity to contamination, cable winch drives have prevailed in this area.
  • the drives for the cable winch are arranged on the frame.
  • the two drives for the drive device are preferably designed as electric or hydraulic motors and can be regulated in a very advantageous development of the invention by measuring the tensile force of the suspension cable.
  • the drives are then controlled in such a way that the differential speed of the two drives is set very low when the tensile force on the suspension cable decreases.
  • the differential speed of the two drives is increased, however, when the tractive force increases relative to a fixed setpoint. This is the case, for example, if the milling frame encounters loose layers of soil and the milling wheels remove the material below the milling frame faster than the vertical speed of the milling frame. In this way, the force that acts on the milling wheels arranged on the milling frame can be set exactly. This force can at least be with a cable winch drive, specify the weight of the milling frame.
  • the differential gear is preferably arranged in the cylindrical drum of the cable winch, the drum for receiving the carrying cable forming the output of the superimposition or differential gear.
  • the superposition gear is preferably formed from a plurality of concentric planetary gears.
  • the trench cutter shown in Fig. 1 as an excavation tool comprises as a frame 10 a rail-guided carriage 10 with a carrying device 12, e.g. a boom 12, on which a milling frame 16 is suspended via a support cable 14. On the milling frame 16 there are two pairs of milling wheels 13 which are driven by two hydraulic motors 18.
  • the hydraulic motors 18 are supplied / disposed of via a hose line 20.
  • a further hose 22 is used to loosen and shred the soil, which is removed from the cutting wheels 13 was sucked up to the surface. This suction process is supported in that the slot 24 is filled with support liquid (bentonite).
  • the carrying cable 14 for a vertical movement of the milling frame 16 in the slot 24 is guided on a cable winch 26 (FIG. 2) which is mounted on the carriage 10.
  • the winch 26 is driven by two hydraulic or electric motors 28, 30, the output of which is guided to a superposition gear 32.
  • the superposition gear 32 is located in the winch drum 34 of the winch 26.
  • the winch drum 34 forms the output shaft of the superposition gear 32.
  • the differential gear 32 contains five planetary gear 36, which cause the differential speed between the two motors 28,30 to the winch drum 34 of the winch 26 is performed.
  • This drive device has the advantage that the winch drum 34 can be driven both at very low and at very high speeds, with sufficient torque being made available especially in the area of the low speed.
  • a low rotational speed of the winch drum 34 of the cable winch 26 brings about a slow vertical movement of the milling frame 16. This is necessary if the milling frame 16 is in the bottom region of the slot 24 and the vertical speed is primarily determined by the milling speed of the milling cutter.
  • the associated vertical speed can be carried out very well in this area by means of a tensile force or speed measurement of the suspension cable 14.
  • the measurement signals obtained are fed to a controller which has the effect that the difference frequency between the two motors 28, 30 is reduced when the tensile force and / or the speed on the support cable 14 also decreases.
  • the advantage of the winch drive with two motors is that a high torque is available at low speeds. If a single electric motor or a hydraulic motor is used in known trench wall cutters, this can only be achieved using high-ratio gears. However, this then leads to a low maximum speed of the vertical movement of the milling frame. If longer gear ratios are selected, then both the electric motor and the hydraulic motor are no longer able to apply the required torque. This problem is solved in a known manner only by providing a secondary control, which in turn is very complex and expensive.
  • the torque can be adjusted very well in the cable winch according to FIG. 2 via the absolute speeds of the motors 28, 30. The higher the absolute speed of the two motors, the higher the torque that is transmitted to the winch drum 34 by the differential rotation speed. When using hydraulic motors, a low speed of vertical movement is set by a high absolute speed of both hydraulic motors 28, 30 with a high liter output at a low differential speed.
  • the winch gear in the form of a multi-stage planetary gear is constructed as a superposition gear similar to a manual transmission, the drive being able to take place on the one hand via the sun gear and on the other hand via the ring gear.
  • the drive via one way, e.g. the sun gear has the usual ratio for this winch size and is used for fast lifting and lowering movements.
  • this superposition gear with a multi-stage planetary gear, especially with a high gear ratio, you can achieve a very high speed resolution with this drive. If you want to choose a constant speed including standstill and, above all, the force on the cable pull, with conventional gearboxes the efficiency reversal in the transition from static to sliding friction and vice versa as well as the tooth play of the gearbox come into play and, above all, prevents clean regulation and thus a constant pulling force. With the cable winch mentioned above, this can be equalized by constantly rotating the main drive with a low gear ratio in one direction and the control drive with a high gear ratio in the other direction. Thus, without changing the direction of rotation of the drive motors, the speed control on the control drive enables exact traction and speed control in both directions, including standstill.
  • the control motor is held for the normal winch function, ie quick lifting and lowering of the drilling or milling device.
  • the winch then has the ratio i 1 and can be operated as a normal hoist winch with the usual rope speeds.
  • the quantity valve must be regulated in such a way that the speed measuring device attached to a deflection roller of the rope measures the set speed. Should be milled with a certain load, the affects a certain tensile force of the rope, the same quantity valve is regulated so that the tensile force measuring device attached to the fixed point of the rope measures the set tensile force.
  • the main advantage of this arrangement is that when the cable speed is regulated from 0, the oil throughput does not have to be regulated from 0, but that there is a certain easily controllable oil throughput even when the cable winch is at a standstill.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to drilling equipment with a tool which can be lowered into the ground. The drilling tool can be operated over a large speed range with considerable disintegration if the drive for the drilling tool is formed from at least two drives (28, 30) which are coupled via a superimposed or differential mechanism (32). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ausgrabungsgerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 12.The invention relates to an excavation device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 12.

Es sind Tiefbohrgeräte und Schlitzwandfräsen, also Ausgrabungsgeräte, der gattungsgemäßem Art bekannt, die aus einem schienengeführten Wagen bestehen, der einen Ausleger aufweist, an dem über eine Seilwinde ein Fräsrahmen vertikal verfahrbar aufgehängt ist. Für die Vertikalbewegung ist in der Regel eine elektrisch cder hydraulisch betriebene Seilwinde und ein Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen.There are deep drilling rigs and trench cutters, that is excavation devices of the generic type, which consist of a rail-guided carriage which has a boom on which a milling frame is suspended in a vertically movable manner via a cable winch. An electrically or hydraulically operated winch and a hydraulic cylinder are generally provided for the vertical movement.

Ein Problem des Vertikalantriebs des Fräsrahmens besteht darin, daß der Fräsrahmen zum einen mit möglichst hoher Geschwindigkeit auf den Fräsgrund absenkbar sein sollte und auf der anderen Seite im Bereich des Fräsgrundes sehr genau in seiner Vertikalgeschwindigkeit steuerbar sein sollte.One problem with the vertical drive of the milling frame is that the milling frame should be able to be lowered onto the milling base at the highest possible speed and that its vertical speed should be controllable very precisely in the area of the milling base.

Bei den bekannten Schlitzwandfräsen werden diese beiden unterschiedlichen Anforderungen zumeist nur in der Form eines Kompromisses durch die entsprechende Wahl der Übersetzung der Antriebseinrichtung gelöst. Bei einer längeren Übersetzung wird zwar der Fräsrahmen zwischen seiner Ruhestellung und dem Fräsgrund schnell hin und her bewegt, die erforderliche Genauigkeit in der Steuerung des Fräsrahmens im Bereich des Fräsgrundes wird dann jedoch oft nicht erreicht. Wird auf der anderen Seite eine hohe Übersetzung gewählt, so kann zwar der Fräsrahmen im Bereich des Fräsgrundes exakt in seiner Vertikalgeschwindigkeit gesteuert werden, es dauert jedoch sehr lange, bis der Fräsrahmen seine beiden Extrempositionen zwischen dem Fräsgrund und der Ruheposition oben am Gestell erreicht. Das Vorsehen einer mehrstufigen Steuerung ist hingegen sehr kostenaufwendig.In the known trench wall cutters, these two different requirements are mostly met only in the form of a compromise by the appropriate choice of the translation of the drive device. With a longer translation, the milling frame is quickly moved back and forth between its rest position and the milling base, but the required accuracy in the control of the milling frame in the area of the milling base is often not achieved. If, on the other hand, a high gear ratio is selected, the milling frame can be in the area of the milling base can be controlled precisely in its vertical speed, but it takes a very long time for the milling frame to reach its two extreme positions between the milling base and the rest position at the top of the frame. The provision of a multi-stage control, however, is very expensive.

Aus der DE-OS 24 03 250 ist eine Antriebsvorrichtung für Hebezeuge und Fördermittel bekannt, welche zur variablen, stufenlos regulierbaren Geschwindigkeit einer langsamen und sehr genauen Bewegung zwei unabhängig voneinander wirkende und jeweils mit einem Getriebe verbundene Antriebsmotoren aufweist. Die Antriebsmotoren sind über ihre Antriebswellen mit einem um die Antriebswellen drehbaren Differentialgetriebe verbunden.From DE-OS 24 03 250 a drive device for hoists and conveying means is known which, for variable, infinitely variable speed of slow and very precise movement, has two independently acting drive motors each connected to a gear. The drive motors are connected via their drive shafts to a differential gear which is rotatable about the drive shafts.

Aus der JP-A 60 181 420 ist ein Ausgrabungsgerät bekannt, welches eine Viehlzahl von Einrichtungen zum Detektieren der Absenkgeschwindigkeit eines Bohrwerkzeugs und einen Computer sowie entsprechende Steuereinrichtungen zum Steuern der Absenkgeschwindigkeit des Bohrwerkzeugs aufweist. Die mehrstufige Anordnung ist insbesondere wegen der eingesetzten Elektronik sehr störanfällig und erfordert relativ hohe Investitionsund Wartungskosten.From JP-A 60 181 420 an excavation device is known which has a large number of devices for detecting the lowering speed of a drilling tool and a computer as well as corresponding control devices for controlling the lowering speed of the drilling tool. The multi-stage arrangement is particularly susceptible to faults because of the electronics used and requires relatively high investment and maintenance costs.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Ausgrabungsgerät mit einer Antriebseinrichtung für ein in die Erde absenkbares Ausgrabwerkzeug sowie ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Antriebsvorrichtung für ein derartiges Ausgrabwerkzeug zu schaffen, welche mit einem besonders geringen Aufwand eine automatische Steuerung der Vertikalbewegung des Ausgrabwerkzeugs gewährleisten und eine exakte und mit hoher Geschwindigkeit ausführbare Vertikalbewegung des Ausgrabwerkzeugs ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to provide an excavation device with a drive device for an excavation tool that can be lowered into the ground, as well as a method for controlling a drive device for such an excavation tool, which ensure automatic control of the vertical movement of the excavation tool with particularly little effort and an exact and enable executable vertical movement of the excavation tool at high speed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Ausgrabungsgerät mit einem in die Erde absenkbaren Ausgrabwerkzeug, einer Antriebseinrichtung für das Ausgrabwerkzeug und einer Steuerung für die Antriebseinrichtung des Ausgrabwerkzeuges dadurch gelöst, daß ein Gestell mit einer Trageeinrichtung für das Ausgrabwerkzeug, welches ein Tiefbohrgerät oder eine Schlitzwandfräse ist, vorgesehen ist, daß eine Meßanordnung für eine Zugkraft- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung des Ausgrabwerkzeugs vorgesehen ist, daß die Antriebseinrichtung zwei über ein Überlagerungs- oder Differentialgetriebe gekoppelte Antriebe aufweist und daß die Steuerung der Antriebe über deren Differenzdrehzahl bzw. Überlagerungsdrehzahl entsprechend einer Zugkraft- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsabweichung von einem Sollwert erfolgt.According to the invention, the object is achieved by an excavation device with an excavation tool that can be lowered into the ground, a drive device for the excavation tool and a controller for the drive device of the excavation tool in that a frame with a carrying device for the excavation tool, which is a deep drilling machine or a trench cutter, is provided is that a measuring arrangement for a tensile force and / or speed measurement of the excavation tool is provided, that the drive device has two drives coupled via a superimposition or differential gear and that the control of the drives via their differential speed or superimposed speed corresponding to a tensile force and / or There is a speed deviation from a setpoint.

Verfahrensmäßig wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß zum Steuern einer Antriebsvorrichtung für ein in die Erde absenkbares Ausgrabwerkzeug eines Ausgrabungsgerätes das Ausgrabwerkzeug, ein Tiefbohrwerkzeug oder eine Schlitzwandfräse, vertikal bewegt wird, daß die Zugkraft und/oder die Geschwindigkeit des Ausgrabwerkzeugs bezogen auf eine an dem Ausgrabungsgerät ausgebildete Trageinrichtung gemessen und das erhaltene Signal zur Bildung eines Abweichungssignals mit einem Sollwert verglichen wird und daß die Differenzfrequenz zweier über ein Überlagerungs- oder Differentialgetriebe gekoppelter Antriebe zum Vortrieb des Ausgrabwerkzeuges entsprechend der Höhe des Abweichungssignals eingestellt wird.In procedural terms, the object is achieved in that, in order to control a drive device for an excavation tool of an excavation device that can be lowered into the ground, the excavation tool, a deep drilling tool or a trench cutter, is moved vertically in that the tensile force and / or the speed of the excavation tool are related to one on the excavation device trained support device measured and the signal received to form a deviation signal is compared with a target value and that the differential frequency of two drives coupled via a superimposition or differential gear for advancing the excavation tool is adjusted according to the level of the deviation signal.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Ausgrabungsgerätes und des Verfahrens zum Steuern einer Antriebsvorrichtung für ein Ausgrabungsgerät sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen und in der Figurenbeschreibung enthalten.Advantageous refinements and developments of the excavation device according to the invention and the method for controlling a drive device for an excavation device are the subject of subclaims and are contained in the description of the figures.

Durch die Verwendung zweier Antriebe und eines Überlagerungsgetriebes läßt sich die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit eines Ausgrabwerkzeugs, z.B. die Vertikalgeschwindigkeit eines Fräsrahmens in einem sehr großen Bereich über die Differenzdrehzahl der beiden Antriebe sehr genau steuern, während die Bewegungsrichtung des Fräsrahmens durch die absolute Drehrichtung der beiden Antriebe festgelegt wird.By using two drives and a superposition gear, the speed of advance of an excavation tool, e.g. control the vertical speed of a milling frame very precisely over the difference in speed of the two drives, while the direction of movement of the milling frame is determined by the absolute direction of rotation of the two drives.

Läßt man z.B. die beiden Antriebe gegensinnig laufen, so wird die Drehzahl der beiden Antriebe durch das Überlagerungsgetriebe addiert und in eine entsprechend schnelle Vertikalbewegung des Fräsrahmens umgesetzt. Durch die Rotationsrichtung der beiden Antriebe ist dabei festgelegt, ob der Fräsrahmen nach oben oder nach unten bewegt wird.If you leave e.g. the two drives run in opposite directions, the speed of the two drives is added by the superposition gear and converted into a correspondingly rapid vertical movement of the milling frame. The direction of rotation of the two drives determines whether the milling frame is moved up or down.

Im Bereich des Fräsgrundes wird die Rotationsrichtung der beiden Antriebe gleichsinnig eingeregelt, wobei durch eine geringe Drehzahldifferenz der beiden Antriebe der Abtrieb des Differentialgetriebes nur eine geringe Rotationsgeschwindigkeit erhält, was zu einer sehr geringen Vertikalgeschwindigkeit des Fräsrahmens führt. Dies ist möglich, weil sich höhere Drehzahlen der einzelnen Antriebe besser regeln lassen als sehr niedrige Drehzahlen eines einzigen Antriebs.In the area of the milling base, the direction of rotation of the two drives is regulated in the same direction, the output of the differential being only a low speed of rotation due to a small speed difference between the two drives receives, which leads to a very low vertical speed of the milling frame. This is possible because higher speeds of the individual drives can be controlled better than very low speeds of a single drive.

Die Trageeinrichtung mit der Antriebseinheit für den Fräsrahmen kann in vielfältiger Weise ausgebildet sein, z.B. als Seilwinde, als Spindelantrieb, in der Art eines Kettenantriebs oder als Zahnstangenantrieb. Die Antriebe können dabei entweder am Gestell und/oder am Fräsrahmen angeordnet sein. Wegen der geringsten Verschmutzungsempfindlichkeit haben sich Seilwindenantriebe in diesem Bereich durchgesetzt. Die Antriebe für die Seilwinde sind dabei auf dem Gestell angeordnet.The carrying device with the drive unit for the milling frame can be designed in a variety of ways, e.g. as a cable winch, as a spindle drive, in the manner of a chain drive or as a rack and pinion drive. The drives can be arranged either on the frame and / or on the milling frame. Because of the lowest sensitivity to contamination, cable winch drives have prevailed in this area. The drives for the cable winch are arranged on the frame.

Die beiden Antriebe für die Antriebseinrichtung sind vorzugsweise als Elektro- oder Hydromotoren ausgebildet und können in einer sehr vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung über eine Zugkraftmessung des Trageseils geregelt werden. Die Steuerung der Antriebe erfolgt dann in der Weise, daß die Differenzgeschwindigkeit der beiden Antriebe sehr gering eingestellt wird, wenn die Zugkraft an dem Trageseil abnimmt. Die Differenzgeschwindigkeit der beiden Antriebe wird indes erhöht, wenn die Zugkraft relativ zu einem fest eingestellten Sollwert zunimmt. Dies ist z.B. der Fall, wenn der Fräsrahmen auf lockere Bodenschichten stößt und die Fräsräder das Material unterhalb des Fräsrahmens schneller abtragen als es der Vertikalgeschwindigkeit des Fräsrahmens entspricht. Es läßt sich auf diese Weise exakt die Kraft einstellen, die auf die an dem Fräsrahmen angeordneten Fräsräder wirkt. Diese Kraft läßt sich zumindest bei einem Seilwindenantrieb bis zum Eigengewicht des Fräsrahmens fest vorgeben.The two drives for the drive device are preferably designed as electric or hydraulic motors and can be regulated in a very advantageous development of the invention by measuring the tensile force of the suspension cable. The drives are then controlled in such a way that the differential speed of the two drives is set very low when the tensile force on the suspension cable decreases. The differential speed of the two drives is increased, however, when the tractive force increases relative to a fixed setpoint. This is the case, for example, if the milling frame encounters loose layers of soil and the milling wheels remove the material below the milling frame faster than the vertical speed of the milling frame. In this way, the force that acts on the milling wheels arranged on the milling frame can be set exactly. This force can at least be with a cable winch drive, specify the weight of the milling frame.

Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß in festem Boden die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit des Fräsrahmens geringer ist als in einem lockeren Boden, ohne daß es einer manuellen Einstellung bedarf.This ensures that the rate of advance of the milling frame is lower in firm ground than in loose ground, without the need for manual adjustment.

Das Differentialgetriebe ist vorzugsweise in der zylindrischen Trommel der Seilwinde angeordnet, wobei die Trommel zur Aufnahme des Trageseils den Abtrieb des Überlagerungsoder Differentialgetriebes bildet. Das Überlagerungsgetriebe ist in diesem Fall vorzugsweise aus mehreren konzentrischen Planetengetrieben gebildet.The differential gear is preferably arranged in the cylindrical drum of the cable winch, the drum for receiving the carrying cable forming the output of the superimposition or differential gear. In this case, the superposition gear is preferably formed from a plurality of concentric planetary gears.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend beispielsweise in der schematischen Zeichnung beschrieben. In dieser zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Schlitzwandfräse als Ausgrabwerkzeug mit einem über eine Seilwinde verfahrbaren Fräsrahmen und
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch die Trommel einer Seilwinde mit integriertem Überlagerungsgetriebe.
The invention is described below, for example in the schematic drawing. In this show:
Fig. 1
a trench cutter as a digging tool with a milling frame that can be moved via a cable winch and
Fig. 2
a cross section through the drum of a cable winch with integrated superposition gear.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Schlitzwandfräse als Ausgrabwerkzeug umfaßt als Gestell 10 einen schienengeführten Wagen 10 mit einer Trageeinrichtung 12, z.B. einem Ausleger 12, an welchem über ein Tragseil 14 ein Fräsrahmen 16 aufgehängt ist. Am Fräsrahmen 16 befinden sich zwei Paar Fräsräder 13, die von zwei Hydromotoren 18 angetrieben werden.The trench cutter shown in Fig. 1 as an excavation tool comprises as a frame 10 a rail-guided carriage 10 with a carrying device 12, e.g. a boom 12, on which a milling frame 16 is suspended via a support cable 14. On the milling frame 16 there are two pairs of milling wheels 13 which are driven by two hydraulic motors 18.

Die Hydromotoren 18 werden über eine Schlauchleitung 20 ver-/entsorgt. Über einen weiteren Schlauch 22 wird Erdreich, das von den Fräsrädern 13 gelöst und zerkleinert wurde, an die Oberfläche abgesaugt. Unterstützt wird dieser Absaugvorgang dadurch, daß der Schlitz 24 mit Stütz flüssigkeit (Bentonit) gefüllt ist.The hydraulic motors 18 are supplied / disposed of via a hose line 20. A further hose 22 is used to loosen and shred the soil, which is removed from the cutting wheels 13 was sucked up to the surface. This suction process is supported in that the slot 24 is filled with support liquid (bentonite).

Das Trageseil 14 für eine Vertikalbewegung des Fräsrahmens 16 in dem Schlitz 24 ist auf eine Seilwinde 26 (Fig. 2) geführt, die an dem Wagen 10 gelagert ist. Die Winde 26 wird angetrieben über zwei Hydro- oder Elektromotoren 28, 30, deren Abtrieb auf ein Überlagerungsgetriebe 32 geführt ist. Das Überlagerungsgetriebe 32 befindet sich in der Windentrommel 34 der Seilwinde 26. Die Windentrommel 34 bildet die Abtriebswelle des Überlagerungsgetriebes 32. Das Differentialgetriebe 32 enthält fünf Planetengetriebe 36, die bewirken, daß die Differenzdrehzahl zwischen den beiden Motoren 28,30 auf die Windentrommel 34 der Seilwinde 26 geführt wird.The carrying cable 14 for a vertical movement of the milling frame 16 in the slot 24 is guided on a cable winch 26 (FIG. 2) which is mounted on the carriage 10. The winch 26 is driven by two hydraulic or electric motors 28, 30, the output of which is guided to a superposition gear 32. The superposition gear 32 is located in the winch drum 34 of the winch 26. The winch drum 34 forms the output shaft of the superposition gear 32. The differential gear 32 contains five planetary gear 36, which cause the differential speed between the two motors 28,30 to the winch drum 34 of the winch 26 is performed.

Diese Antriebseinrichtung hat den Vorteil, daß die Windentrommel 34 sowohl mit sehr geringen als auch mit sehr hohen Drehzahlen angetrieben werden kann, wobei gerade im Bereich der niedrigen Drehzahl ein ausreichendes Drehmoment zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Eine niedrige Drehzahl der Windentrommel 34 der Seilwinde 26 bewirkt eine langsame Vertikalbewegung des Fräsrahmens 16. Dies ist notwendig, wenn sich der Fräsrahmen 16 im Bodenbereich des Schlitzes 24 befindet und die Vertikalgeschwindigkeit in erster Linie durch die Fräsgeschwindigkeit der Fräse bestimmt wird. Die zugehörige Vertikalgeschwindigkeit läßt sich in diesem Bereich sehr gut mittels einer Zugkraft- oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung des Tragseils 14 durchführen. Die erhaltenen Meßsignale werden einer Steuerung zugeführt, die bewirkt, daß die Differenzfrequenz zwischen den beiden Motoren 28,30 reduziert wird, wenn auch die Zugkraft und/oder die Geschwindigkeit an dem Tragseil 14 abnimmt. Dies ist der Fall, wenn der Fräsrahmen auf dichteres Erdmaterial stößt, so daß die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit verringert werden muß. Ebenso wird bei Auftreten einer höheren Zugkraft und/oder Geschwindigkeit die Differenzgeschwindigkeit zwischen den beiden Motoren 28,30 erhöht, was dazu führt, daß der Fräsrahmen entsprechend dem schnelleren Vortrieb nachgeführt wird. Auf diese Weise läßt sich eine definierte Vortriebskraft auf die Fräsradpaare einstellen, wobei die Steuerung des Vortriebs vollautomatisch erfolgt. Bei Erreichen einer bestimmten Tiefe, die einer bestimmten ausgerollten Länge des Tragseils entspricht, kann der Fräsrahmen automatisch mit einer vorgegebenen Geschwindigkeit in eine Ruheposition oder in die nächste Arbeitsstellung gefahren werden.This drive device has the advantage that the winch drum 34 can be driven both at very low and at very high speeds, with sufficient torque being made available especially in the area of the low speed. A low rotational speed of the winch drum 34 of the cable winch 26 brings about a slow vertical movement of the milling frame 16. This is necessary if the milling frame 16 is in the bottom region of the slot 24 and the vertical speed is primarily determined by the milling speed of the milling cutter. The associated vertical speed can be carried out very well in this area by means of a tensile force or speed measurement of the suspension cable 14. The measurement signals obtained are fed to a controller which has the effect that the difference frequency between the two motors 28, 30 is reduced when the tensile force and / or the speed on the support cable 14 also decreases. This is the case when the milling frame encounters denser earth material, so that the Propulsion speed must be reduced. Likewise, when a higher tractive force and / or speed occurs, the differential speed between the two motors 28, 30 is increased, which leads to the milling frame being tracked in accordance with the faster propulsion. In this way, a defined propulsive force can be set on the cutter wheel pairs, with the propulsion being controlled fully automatically. When a certain depth is reached, which corresponds to a certain rolled length of the suspension cable, the milling frame can automatically be moved into a rest position or into the next working position at a predetermined speed.

Der Vorteil des Seilwindenantriebs mit zwei Motoren besteht darin, daß bei geringen Drehzahlen ein hohes Drehmoment zur Verfügung steht. Bei Verwendung eines einzigen Elektromotors oder eines Hydromotors in bekannten Schlitzwandfräsen läßt sich dies nur unter Verwendung hochübersetzter Getriebe bewerkstelligen. Diese führen dann allerdings zu einer geringen Maximalgeschwindigkeit der Vertikalbewegung des Fräsrahmens. Werden längere Übersetzungen gewählt, so sind sowohl der Elektromotor als auch der Hydromotor nicht mehr in der Lage, das erforderliche Drehmoment aufzubringen. Dieses Problem wird in bekannter Weise nur durch Vorsehen einer Sekundärregelung gelöst, die wiederum sehr aufwendig und teuer ist. Das Drehmoment läßt sich bei der Seilwinde gemäß Fig. 2 sehr gut über die Absolutgeschwindigkeiten der Motoren 28,30 einstellen. Je höher die Absolutgeschwindigkeit der beiden Motoren liegt, desto höher ist das Drehmoment, das durch die Differenzrotationsgeschwindigkeit auf die Windentrommel 34 übertragen wird. Bei der Verwendung von Hydromotoren wird eine geringe Geschwindigkeit der Vertikalbewegung durch eine hohe Absolutgeschwindigkeit beider Hydromotoren 28,30 mit hoher Literleistung bei geringer Differenzdrehzahl eingestellt.The advantage of the winch drive with two motors is that a high torque is available at low speeds. If a single electric motor or a hydraulic motor is used in known trench wall cutters, this can only be achieved using high-ratio gears. However, this then leads to a low maximum speed of the vertical movement of the milling frame. If longer gear ratios are selected, then both the electric motor and the hydraulic motor are no longer able to apply the required torque. This problem is solved in a known manner only by providing a secondary control, which in turn is very complex and expensive. The torque can be adjusted very well in the cable winch according to FIG. 2 via the absolute speeds of the motors 28, 30. The higher the absolute speed of the two motors, the higher the torque that is transmitted to the winch drum 34 by the differential rotation speed. When using hydraulic motors, a low speed of vertical movement is set by a high absolute speed of both hydraulic motors 28, 30 with a high liter output at a low differential speed.

Das Windengetriebe in Form eines mehrstufigen Planetengetriebes ist als Überlagerungsgetriebe ähnlich einem Schaltgetriebe aufgebaut, wobei der Antrieb einerseits über das Sonnenrad und andererseits über das Hohlrad erfolgen kann. Der Antrieb über den einen Weg, z.B. das Sonnenrad, hat die für diese Windengröße übliche Übersetzung und wird für die schnelle Hub- und Senkbewegung benutzt.The winch gear in the form of a multi-stage planetary gear is constructed as a superposition gear similar to a manual transmission, the drive being able to take place on the one hand via the sun gear and on the other hand via the ring gear. The drive via one way, e.g. the sun gear has the usual ratio for this winch size and is used for fast lifting and lowering movements.

Setzt man diesem Überlagerungsgetriebe ein mehrstufiges Planetengetriebe, insbesondere mit hoher Übersetzung vor, so erreicht man über diesen Antrieb eine sehr hohe Auflösung der Geschwindigkeit. Will man die Geschwindigkeit einschließlich Stillstand und vor allem die Kraft auf den Seilzug konstant wählen, so kommt bei üblichen Getrieben die Wirkungsgradumkehr beim Übergang von Haft- auf Gleitreibung und umgekehrt sowie das Zahnspiel des Getriebes zum Tragen, und verhindert vor allem eine saubere Regelung und damit eine konstante Zugkraft. Bei der oben genannten Seilwinde kann dies egalisiert werden, indem der Hauptantrieb mit niedriger Übersetzung konstant in eine Richtung dreht und der Steuerantrieb mit einer hohen Übersetzung in die andere Richtung. So kann ohne die Drehrichtung der Antriebsmotore zu ändern, durch die Drehzahlregelung am Steuerantrieb eine exakte Zugkraft- und Geschwindigkeitsregelung in beiden Richtungen einschließlich Stillstand erreicht werden.If you set this superposition gear with a multi-stage planetary gear, especially with a high gear ratio, you can achieve a very high speed resolution with this drive. If you want to choose a constant speed including standstill and, above all, the force on the cable pull, with conventional gearboxes the efficiency reversal in the transition from static to sliding friction and vice versa as well as the tooth play of the gearbox come into play and, above all, prevents clean regulation and thus a constant pulling force. With the cable winch mentioned above, this can be equalized by constantly rotating the main drive with a low gear ratio in one direction and the control drive with a high gear ratio in the other direction. Thus, without changing the direction of rotation of the drive motors, the speed control on the control drive enables exact traction and speed control in both directions, including standstill.

Eine Regelung wäre prinzipiell auch ohne Zweitmotor denkbar, dies würde jedoch einen Verlust an Auflösung bedeuten.In principle, regulation would also be conceivable without a second motor, but this would mean a loss of resolution.

Für die normale Windenfunktion, d.h. schnelles Heben und Senken des Bohr- oder Fräsgerätes, wird der Steuermotor festgehalten.The control motor is held for the normal winch function, ie quick lifting and lowering of the drilling or milling device.

Die Winde hat dann die Übersetzung i1 und kann als ganz normale Hubwinde mit den üblichen Seilgeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden.The winch then has the ratio i 1 and can be operated as a normal hoist winch with the usual rope speeds.

Beim Fräsen sind dagegen wesentlich langsamere Bewegungen notwendig (0,5 m/min bis 0,5 m/h). Für diese Geschwindigkeiten wäre der Hauptantrieb zu groß. Der Neben- oder Steuerantrieb wird nun mit entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung und der Drehzahl n2 dazugeschaltet: n 2 = n 1 x i 2 .

Figure imgb0001
Mit

  • n1 = Drehzahl des Hauptantriebs
  • i2 = Übersetzung des Steuerantriebs.
Milling, however, requires much slower movements (0.5 m / min to 0.5 m / h). The main drive would be too large for these speeds. The auxiliary or control drive is now switched on with the opposite direction of rotation and the speed n 2 : n 2nd = n 1 xi 2nd .
Figure imgb0001
With
  • n 1 = speed of the main drive
  • i 2 = ratio of the control drive.

Bei diesen beiden Drehzahlen dreht sich die Trommel nicht, obwohl dem System bei Verwendung von Hydromotoren eine bestimmte Ölmenge Q0 zugeführt wird. Die dem Hauptmotor zugeführte Ölmenge Q01 wird konstant gehalten und die dem Steuermotor zugeführte Ölmenge Q02 wird über ein Mengenventil so geregelt, daß ein an der Winde angebrachter Geber keine Drehbewegung der Trommel anzeigt. Q 0 = Q 01 + Q 02 = Vg 1 x n 1 + Vg 2 x n 2 Q 0 = Vg 1 x n 1 + Vg 2 x n 1 x i 2 Q 0 = h 1 (Vg 1 + i 2 x Vg 2 )

Figure imgb0002

  • Mit Vg1 = Volumen des Hauptantriebs
  • Vg2 = Volumen des Steuerantriebs.
The drum does not rotate at these two speeds, although a certain amount of oil Q 0 is supplied to the system when using hydraulic motors. The oil quantity Q 01 supplied to the main motor is kept constant and the oil quantity Q 02 supplied to the control motor is regulated via a quantity valve in such a way that an encoder attached to the winch does not indicate any rotary movement of the drum. Q 0 = Q 01 + Q 02 = Vg 1 xn 1 + Vg 2nd xn 2nd Q 0 = Vg 1 xn 1 + Vg 2nd xn 1 xi 2nd Q 0 = h 1 (Vg 1 + i 2nd x Vg 2nd )
Figure imgb0002
  • With Vg 1 = volume of the main drive
  • Vg 2 = volume of the control drive.

Soll die Trommel nun mit einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit bewegt werden, muß das Mengenventil so geregelt werden, daß die an einer Umlenkrolle des Seils angebrachte Geschwindigkeitsmeßeinrichtung die eingestellte Geschwindigkeit mißt. Soll mit einer bestimmten Auflast gefräst werden, die sich in einer bestimmten Zugkraft des Seils auswirkt, wird das dasselbe Mengenventil so geregelt, daß die am Festpunkt des Seils angebrachte Zugkraftmeßeinrichtung die eingestellte Zugkraft mißt.If the drum is now to be moved at a certain speed, the quantity valve must be regulated in such a way that the speed measuring device attached to a deflection roller of the rope measures the set speed. Should be milled with a certain load, the affects a certain tensile force of the rope, the same quantity valve is regulated so that the tensile force measuring device attached to the fixed point of the rope measures the set tensile force.

Der wesentliche Vorteil dieser Anordnung besteht darin, daß man bei einer Regelung der Seilgeschwindigkeit von 0 an, den Öldurchsatz nicht von 0 an einregeln muß, sondern daß sogar bei Stillstand der Seilwinde ein bestimmter gut regulierbarer Öldurchsatz vorliegt.The main advantage of this arrangement is that when the cable speed is regulated from 0, the oil throughput does not have to be regulated from 0, but that there is a certain easily controllable oil throughput even when the cable winch is at a standstill.

Beim Fahren höherer Seilgeschwindigkeiten muß nur der Steuermotor festgehalten werden.When driving higher rope speeds, only the control motor has to be held.

Claims (14)

  1. An excavation equipment comprising an excavation tool which can be lowered into the ground, a drive mechanism for the excavation tool and a control for the drive means of the excavation tool,
    characterized in that
    a frame (10) with a support means (12) for the excavation tool is provided,
    that the excavation tool is a deep bring tool or a slotted wall milling cutter,
    that a measuring arrangement for measurement of tensile force and/or speed of the excavation tool is provided, and
    that the drive means have drives (28, 30) coupled by means of an equalizing or differential gear (32) and the control of the drives (28, 30) takes place by their combined speed in accordance with a divergence of the tensile force and/or speed from a set value.
  2. An excavation equipment according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the frame (10) is constructed as a trolley.
  3. An excavation equipment according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the drives (28, 30) are constructed as motors, particularly as electric or hydraulic motors.
  4. An excavation equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    the drive mechanism has a cable winch (26).
  5. An excavation equipment according to claim 4,
    characterized in that
    the equalizing gear is located in the winch drum (34) of the cable winch (26).
  6. An excavation equipment according to one of the claims 4 or 5,
    characterized in that
    the regulation of the drives (28, 30) by means of tensile force measurement takes place on the support cable (14).
  7. An excavation equipment according to claim 6,
    characterized in that
    a measuring bolt for the tensile force measurement is provided on the cable suspension.
  8. An excavation equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that
    the regulation of the drives (28, 30) takes place by means of a speed measurement on the support cable (14).
  9. An excavation equipment according to claim 8,
    characterized in that
    a speed measuring device is located in the cable path, e.g. as a cable pulley.
  10. An excavation equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the equalizing gear has at least one planetary gear (36).
  11. An excavation equipment according to claim 10,
    characterized in that
    the differential gear has five concentrically arranged planetary gears (36).
  12. A method for controlling a drive mechanismn for an excavation tool of an excavation equipment and which can be lowered into the ground,
    characterized in that
    as excavation tool a deep boring tool or a slotted wall milling cutter is vertically moved,
    that the tensile force and/or the speed of the excavation tool is measured relative to a support mechanism (12) constructed on the excavation equipment and the signal obtained is compared with a set value for forming a divergence signal, and
    that the frequency difference of two drives (28, 30) coupled by means of an equalizing or differential gear is adjusted in accordance with the divergence signal level for the advance of the excavation tool.
  13. A method according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    the measurement of the tensile force or speed takes place by means of a set-up of measuring instruments in the advance or support mechanism for the excavation tool.
  14. A method according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    the measurement of tensile force or speed takes place by means of a set-up of measuring instruments in the cable suspension.
EP92109766A 1991-06-11 1992-06-10 Excavation equipment and method to control the rate of advance of an excavation tool Expired - Lifetime EP0518297B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4119210 1991-06-11
DE4119210A DE4119210C1 (en) 1991-06-11 1991-06-11

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EP0518297B1 true EP0518297B1 (en) 1997-02-12

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JP (1) JP2529060B2 (en)
KR (1) KR960004275B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE148930T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4119210C1 (en)
TW (1) TW205585B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3208384A1 (en) 2016-02-17 2017-08-23 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Groove wall device and method for making grooves in the ground
WO2020200561A1 (en) 2019-04-04 2020-10-08 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Slurry wall milling device and method for producing a milled slot in the ground
EP3981920A1 (en) 2020-10-07 2022-04-13 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Excavation device and and excavation method for removing earth
EP4053342A1 (en) 2021-03-01 2022-09-07 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Underground wall milling device and method for creating a milled slit in the ground

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3068772B2 (en) * 1995-08-31 2000-07-24 日立建機株式会社 Drilling rig control device
DE10116342C2 (en) * 2001-04-02 2003-02-27 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh winch
EP3819434B1 (en) 2019-11-06 2022-02-16 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Method and wall milling device for creating a milled slot in the ground
CN112960511B (en) * 2021-03-25 2022-03-15 中国矿业大学 Multi-rope winding lifting system and method with self-balanced tension

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1756423A1 (en) * 1968-04-11 1970-04-30 Schwermaschb Nobas Veb Hydraulically driven winch
AT320213B (en) * 1973-02-20 1975-01-27 Dickertmann Hebezeugfab Ag Device for lifting and / or moving a load, in particular a drive device for hoists and conveyors
DE2330439A1 (en) * 1973-06-15 1974-12-19 Chabarowskij Sawod Im A M Gork WINCH
DE9107187U1 (en) * 1991-06-11 1991-07-25 Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH, 8898 Schrobenhausen Milling frame for a trench cutter with a pressure compensation device for the bearing seals

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3208384A1 (en) 2016-02-17 2017-08-23 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Groove wall device and method for making grooves in the ground
WO2020200561A1 (en) 2019-04-04 2020-10-08 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Slurry wall milling device and method for producing a milled slot in the ground
EP3981920A1 (en) 2020-10-07 2022-04-13 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Excavation device and and excavation method for removing earth
WO2022073736A1 (en) 2020-10-07 2022-04-14 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Civil engineering apparatus and civil engineering method for removing soil
EP4053342A1 (en) 2021-03-01 2022-09-07 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Underground wall milling device and method for creating a milled slit in the ground
WO2022184429A1 (en) 2021-03-01 2022-09-09 Bauer Maschinen Gmbh Diaphragm-wall-cutting rig and method for cutting a trench in the ground

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59208028D1 (en) 1997-03-27
JP2529060B2 (en) 1996-08-28
KR930000793A (en) 1993-01-15
TW205585B (en) 1993-05-11
ATE148930T1 (en) 1997-02-15
EP0518297A1 (en) 1992-12-16
DE4119210C1 (en) 1993-01-21
KR960004275B1 (en) 1996-03-30
JPH06322768A (en) 1994-11-22

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