EP0516909B1 - Beam forming a heat expansion joint between adjacent zones of a grate, the bars of which are alternately fixed and moving - Google Patents
Beam forming a heat expansion joint between adjacent zones of a grate, the bars of which are alternately fixed and moving Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0516909B1 EP0516909B1 EP91401476A EP91401476A EP0516909B1 EP 0516909 B1 EP0516909 B1 EP 0516909B1 EP 91401476 A EP91401476 A EP 91401476A EP 91401476 A EP91401476 A EP 91401476A EP 0516909 B1 EP0516909 B1 EP 0516909B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- beam according
- springs
- rubbing members
- grate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H17/00—Details of grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H17/00—Details of grates
- F23H17/08—Bearers; Frames; Spacers; Supports
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32254—Lockable at fixed position
- Y10T403/32426—Plural distinct positions
- Y10T403/32442—At least one discrete position
- Y10T403/32451—Step-by-step adjustment
- Y10T403/32459—Retainer extends through aligned recesses
Definitions
- the invention relates to a jointed beam, intended to provide compensation for thermal expansion and sealing of a space between two sheets of hearth grates joined laterally and each composed of a longitudinal succession of bars which are alternately fixed and movable going back and forth, this beam being composed of elongated elements in longitudinal succession with a frame fixed to a support frame for grids, and with two lateral rubbers carried by this frame and urged to bear respectively against an edge of the grid ply by springs.
- Firebox grates for solid fuels, and in particular for the incineration of urban residues, generally consist of bars in longitudinal succession, formed of elements joined transversely, which rest by a front end face on a dorsal face of an element of the previous bar in the longitudinal succession. These bars are alternately fixed and movable back and forth longitudinally, to produce an effect of poking and fractionation of the fuel.
- These soles are called grids, because they have passages for combustion air, pressurized under the grid, through which this combustion air reaches the fuel.
- these orifices are formed between two adjoining elements: in other types of grid, these orifices are formed in the dorsal face of the elements.
- combustion air passage orifices are designed to ensure a regular distribution of the combustion air throughout the extent of the grid ply, to be at best protected against blockage by ash or bottom ash, and sometimes to orient the angle of incidence of the combustion air in the igniting layer, in order to reduce the emission of fly ash.
- the embodiments of these combustion air passage orifices are extremely diverse.
- the patent FR-A-1,532,280 describes such a beam, or partition walls which can be resiliently compressible, consisting of shell elements, spaced from one another by springs or counterweights, which form friction shoes bearing on the edges of the grid sheets.
- the shells have a U-shaped profile and one fits into the other, which rests slidably on a structure which connects to the support structures of the grid layers.
- the compensating beam comprises a reinforcing element fixed to a support structure, and two shells which overlap at their top, separated from one another by two levers in cross-pieces with a common central axis biased downwards by a spring or counterweight.
- the effect of the spider is, in response to the stress down its axis, to tend to open in scissors by pushing in parallel the shells against the edges of the sheet.
- Patent FR-A-2 352 250 substantially repeats the previous embodiment.
- the half-shells instead of being slippery on the frame, are mounted suspended at the end of internal crutches erected almost vertically.
- This last embodiment aims to give independence to the movements of the half-shells, and to reduce the risks of seizure of the half-shells on the frame.
- an elongated frame supports several pairs of half-shells, in order to be able to replace damaged half-shells by handling only parts of limited weight.
- joints or compensating beams of the previous state of the art have the disadvantage of using molded parts of relatively complicated shape, and of having somewhat complex mechanisms, of delicate assembly and which are liable to be poorly resisted when foreign bodies are introduced into the fireplace with the fuel, which is not uncommon in the incineration of urban waste.
- the object of the invention is to produce a compensating joint beam as defined above, which is of simple construction and installation, with the minimum of moving parts or joints, and which is protected against shocks coming from the combustible layer.
- the invention proposes a jointed beam, intended to provide compensation for thermal expansion and sealing of a space between two sheets of hearth grates joined laterally and each composed of a longitudinal succession of bars which are alternately fixed and movable in back and forth, this beam being composed of elongated elements in longitudinal succession with a frame fixed to a support frame for grids and with two lateral rubbers carried by this frame and stressed bearing respectively against an edge of the grid sheet by springs, characterized in that the frame has an I-profile with a vertical core between a lower wing forming a fixing base and an upper wing forming a roof, the two wipers having a U-shaped profile with a vertical base between two branches substantially parallel to the wings of the frame, fitting into it with little play while moving towards the core, the base having a flat outer face in abutment against the bank of respective ply and an internal face between the branches, coil springs passing through slots in the core perpendicular to the latter being compressed between the internal faces of the wiper bases.
- the springs act directly to support the wipers against the edges of the sheets; these wipers find their support orientation independently of one another.
- the upper armature wing which is a fixed part protects the wipers against the forces and shocks which come from the fuel layer.
- the simple shapes of the parts allow manufacturing by mechanical welding, with surface states, in particular for the parts susceptible of relative movements, more favorable than if the parts came from the foundry. This kind of manufacturing also makes it possible to adapt the metal of each constituent part to the mechanical or thermal stresses that it must support.
- the armature and the wipers comprise transverse end plates which extend, for the armature from one wing to the other over the entire width of the lower wing and, for the wipers, from a branch to branch over the entire length of these branches.
- the lower wing of the frame is pierced with orifices in the plane of the core, and opening into recesses formed in the latter.
- the combustion air under pressure under the grate has access to the interior of the joined beam element, and tends to exit through the interstices between reinforcements and rubbers, to reduce the penetration of fine particles from the layer in combustion.
- two grid plies 2 and 3 are joined laterally on either side of a joined beam 1.
- the grids 2 and 3 are each formed of a longitudinal succession of bars 2 a , 2 b , 2 a ..., 3 a , 3 b , 3 a ... respectively, each bar supported by the lower edge of a front face on a dorsal face of a previous bar, the first bar upstream bearing on a hearth trim plate, and hooked from the rear to a support fitting, alternately connected to the frame of grid and a movable chassis back and forth longitudinally.
- the bars 2 a , 3 a are fixed, and the bars 2 b , 3 b driven back and forth longitudinally.
- the bar elements are traversed by blowing orifices, and pressurized boxes are arranged under the grate layers to supply the hearth with combustion air through the blowing orifices.
- pressurized boxes are arranged under the grate layers to supply the hearth with combustion air through the blowing orifices.
- the jointed beam 1 is made up of a longitudinal succession of oblong elements such as 10 which have a frame and lateral rubbers 20 and 30 urged respectively against the edges of plies 2 and 3 supported by their planar external faces.
- the joined beam element comprises an I-profile reinforcement, with a vertical core 13 between an upper wing 11 which forms the roof of the element 10, and a lower wing 12 forming a sole for fixing on the grid frame.
- the element 10 also includes the two wipers 20 and 30 which affect a U-shaped profile, with a vertical base 21, 31, and two branches 22, 24 and 32, 34 respectively, facing the reinforcing core 13, substantially parallel to the wings 11 and 12 of reinforcement between which they fit together with a small clearance.
- Coil springs 45, 46 transverse pass through the reinforcement core 13 by circular openings filled with sections of tubes 16 and 17 substantially midway between the wings 11, 12, to urge the sliding shoes 20, 30 apart.
- the springs 45, 46 are centered in the sections of tubes 16, 17 by interlocking around circular projections 21 a , 21 b , 31 a , 31 b attached to the internal faces of the bases 21, 31. This arrangement of the springs provides flat support for the wiper on the edge of the grid ply.
- the wipers 20, 30 are held on the frame, with a limited projection, by vertical pins 41, 42, 43, 44, which engage in housings in the wings 11 and 12, and pass through the branches 22, 24 , 32, 34 passing through oblong lights, not referenced.
- the armature and the wipers have, at their longitudinal ends, end plates 14 and 15 for the armature, which extend from wing 11 to wing 12, with a width corresponding to that of the wing 12, and 23, 33, 25, 35 for wipers, which extend from one branch to another.
- the assembly of the frame, core 13, wings 11, 12 and end plates 14, 15, and wipers 20, 30, bases 21, 31, branches 22, 24, 32, 34, and plates end 23, 25, 33, 35 is produced by mechanical welding, which makes it possible to use refractory steel flats with smooth and parallel faces, and to ensure a precision of dimensions greater than that which is obtained in foundry.
- the clearances between wipers and armatures can thus be suitably adjusted.
- the wipers fit into the reinforcement along four sides, which provides the element 10 with an autonomous seal, in the sense that here seal is understood, that is to say leaks which do not affect the combustion air blowing regime.
- the internal volume of the element 10 should be in communication with the blowing boxes, in order to be overpressure relative to the hearth and to prevent fly ash, or fumes, from entering the interior of the element.
- the sole wing 12 is provided with transverse bars 12 a , 12 b , 12 c , 12 d , which provide a space between this sole and a support beam in the grid frame. Between these bars, the sole 12 is pierced with orifices 19 a , 19 b , 19 c , in the plane of the core 13, these orifices opening into recesses 18 a , 18 b , 18 c of this core 13, in round arch shape.
- the element 10 ′ As can be seen better in FIG. 3, the element 10 ′, of which only the end is shown, is placed in succession with the element 10, with its rear armature end plate 15 ′ bearing against the reinforcing front plate 14 of the element 10.
- the bases 21 and 31 of the element 10 are extended by slotted bars 26 a , 26 b , 36 a , 36 b .
- the bases 21 'and 31' of the element 10 ' also have slotted bars 26' b, 36 ' b facing the bars 26 a , 36 a .
- Flat keys 27 a, 37 a are inserted into the pair of mortises faced, for coupling rubbing members.
- a joint cover 50 formed of a cambered flat on the profile of the upper wing 11 of reinforcement, fills the gap between the upper wings 11 and 11 'of the reinforcements of two elements successive, this joint cover being welded to only one of the roof wings 11 and 11 '.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Joining Of Corner Units Of Frames Or Wings (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention se rapporte à une poutre joint, destinée à assurer une compensation de dilatation thermique et une étanchéité d'un espace entre deux nappes de grilles de foyer accolées latéralement et composées chacune d'une succession longitudinale de barreaux alternativement fixes et mobiles en va-et-vient, cette poutre étant composée d'éléments allongés en succession longitudinale avec une armature fixée à un bâti support de grilles, et avec deux frotteurs latéraux portés par cette armature et sollicités en appui respectivement contre un bord de nappe de grille par des ressorts.The invention relates to a jointed beam, intended to provide compensation for thermal expansion and sealing of a space between two sheets of hearth grates joined laterally and each composed of a longitudinal succession of bars which are alternately fixed and movable going back and forth, this beam being composed of elongated elements in longitudinal succession with a frame fixed to a support frame for grids, and with two lateral rubbers carried by this frame and urged to bear respectively against an edge of the grid ply by springs.
Les grilles de foyers, pour combustibles solides, et notamment pour l'incinération de résidus urbains, sont généralement constituées de barreaux en succession longitudinale, formés d'éléments accolés transversalement, qui reposent par une face frontale avant sur une face dorsale d'un élément du barreau précédent dans la succession longitudinale. Ces barreaux sont alternativement fixes et mobiles en va-et-vient longitudinal, pour produire un effet de tisonnement et de fractionnement du combustible. Ces soles sont dites grilles, car elles présentent des passages pour de l'air comburant, mis en surpression sous la grille, par où cet air comburant atteint le combustible. Dans certains types de grilles, ces orifices sont ménagés entre deux éléments accolés : dans d'autres types de grille, ces orifices sont pratiqués dans la face dorsale des éléments.Firebox grates, for solid fuels, and in particular for the incineration of urban residues, generally consist of bars in longitudinal succession, formed of elements joined transversely, which rest by a front end face on a dorsal face of an element of the previous bar in the longitudinal succession. These bars are alternately fixed and movable back and forth longitudinally, to produce an effect of poking and fractionation of the fuel. These soles are called grids, because they have passages for combustion air, pressurized under the grid, through which this combustion air reaches the fuel. In certain types of grids, these orifices are formed between two adjoining elements: in other types of grid, these orifices are formed in the dorsal face of the elements.
Ces orifices sont dessinés pour assurer une répartition régulière de l'air comburant dans toute l'étendue de la nappe de grille, pour être au mieux protégés contre un bouchage par des cendres ou mâchefers, et parfois pour orienter l'angle d'incidence de l'air comburant dans la couche en ignition, dans le but de réduire l'émission de cendres volantes. Les modes d'exécution de ces orifices de passage d'air comburant sont extrêmement divers.These orifices are designed to ensure a regular distribution of the combustion air throughout the extent of the grid ply, to be at best protected against blockage by ash or bottom ash, and sometimes to orient the angle of incidence of the combustion air in the igniting layer, in order to reduce the emission of fly ash. The embodiments of these combustion air passage orifices are extremely diverse.
Cependant, ils ont tous en commun de craindre des fuites notables d'air entre éléments de barreaux, qui viennent en parallèle sur les cheminements prévus, et sont susceptibles de dérégler la répartition de l'air comburant, et la marche du foyer. Or, en raison des températures auxquelles sont soumises les grilles, celles-ci sont sollicitées en dilatation et contraction ; il est donc nécessaire de prévoir des jeux à froid suffisants pour qu'il n'y ait pas de sollicitations excessives des parois de foyer à chaud, ni risque de grippage des pièces en mouvement relatif.However, they all have in common the fear of significant air leaks between elements of bars, which come in parallel on the planned paths, and are likely to disturb the distribution of the combustion air, and the progress of the hearth. However, due to the temperatures to which the grids are subjected, they are stressed in expansion and contraction; it is therefore necessary to provide sufficient cold clearances so that there is no excessive stress on the hot hearth walls, nor risk of jamming of the parts in relative movement.
Il faut toutefois préciser qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de rechercher une étanchéité absolue, mais de limiter les fuites accidentelles à un débit faible devant le débit normal des orifices prévus de passage d'air, de façon que le rapport de perméabilité de la grille, ou rapport de la surface offerte au passage d'air par rapport à la surface totale de grille ne fluctue que peu avec la zone de grille considérée.It should however be specified that it is not necessary to seek absolute tightness, but to limit accidental leaks to a low flow compared to the normal flow of the orifices provided for the passage of air, so that the permeability ratio of the grate, or ratio of the surface offered to the passage of air relative to the total surface of grate fluctuates only little with the grid area considered.
Dans la mesure où les éléments de barreau dans une même rangée transversale ne se déplacent pas les uns par rapport aux autres, l'étanchéité entre ces éléments est aisément rendue suffisante. D'autant que, fréquemment, ces éléments sont liés entre eux lors du montage de la grille pour réduire le risque de voir un élément soulevé par le combustible ou un corps étranger introduit avec ce combustible.Insofar as the bar elements in the same transverse row do not move relative to each other, the seal between these elements is easily made sufficient. Especially since, frequently, these elements are linked together during assembly of the grid to reduce the risk of seeing an element lifted by the fuel or a foreign body introduced with this fuel.
C'est donc en bordure de nappe de grille que les risques de création de fuites parasites sont les plus sérieux, et ce d'autant plus que des dispositions ont été prises pour réduire les jeux entre éléments accolés, ce qui entraîne le cumul des déplacements par dilatation thermique sur les rives. On est amené à prévoir des joints de compensation de dilatation sur ces rives.It is therefore at the edge of the grid tablecloth that the risks of creating parasitic leaks are most serious, and all the more so since measures have been taken to reduce the clearances between contiguous elements, which leads to the accumulation of displacements. by thermal expansion on the banks. It is necessary to provide expansion compensation joints on these banks.
On remarquera que l'on peut se contenter d'un joint de compensation sur une rive d'une nappe, tant que la largeur de la nappe n'est pas excessive ; en ce cas, le joint de compensation est remplacé sur l'autre rive par une simple surface de butée.It will be noted that one can be satisfied with a compensation joint on a bank of a sheet, as long as the width of the sheet is not excessive; in this case, the compensation joint is replaced on the other bank by a simple abutment surface.
On comprendra que le montage d'un joint de compensation capable d'absorber les jeux de dilatation latéraux sur une paroi de foyer garnie d'un briquetage réfractaire pose des problèmes d'ancrage et d'étanchéité, les aciers ou fontes utilisés pour l'exécution du joint de compensation présentant des coefficients de dilatation différents de ceux du briquetage.It will be understood that the mounting of a compensation joint capable of absorbing lateral expansion play on a hearth wall provided with refractory brickwork poses anchoring and sealing problems, the steels or cast irons used for the execution of the compensation joint with expansion coefficients different from those of bricklaying.
Ainsi, notamment dans le cas de foyers larges, on est amené à scinder la grille suivant sa largeur en nappes, avec interposition d'un joint de compensation entre deux nappes accolées. Ce joint, formé d'éléments allongés longitudinalement qui se succèdent, prend l'aspect d'une poutre.Thus, in particular in the case of wide hearths, it is necessary to split the grid according to its width into sheets, with the interposition of a compensation joint between two joined sheets. This joint, formed of successively elongated elongated elements, takes on the appearance of a beam.
Le brevet FR-A-1 532 280 décrit une telle poutre, ou cloisons de séparation compressibles élastiquement, constituée d'éléments en coquilles, écartés l'un de l'autre par des ressorts ou des contrepoids, qui forment frotteurs en appui sur les rives des nappes de grille. Dans une forme de réalisation particulièrement simple, les coquilles ont un profil en U et l'une s'emboîte dans l'autre, qui repose glissante sur une structure qui se relie aux structures de support des nappes de grilles.The patent FR-A-1,532,280 describes such a beam, or partition walls which can be resiliently compressible, consisting of shell elements, spaced from one another by springs or counterweights, which form friction shoes bearing on the edges of the grid sheets. In a particularly simple embodiment, the shells have a U-shaped profile and one fits into the other, which rests slidably on a structure which connects to the support structures of the grid layers.
Dans des formes de réalisation plus élaborées, la poutre de compensation comporte un élément d'armature fixé à une structure de support, et deux coquilles qui se recouvrent à leur sommet, écartées l'une de l'autre par deux leviers en croisillons avec un axe central commun sollicité vers le bas par un ressort ou un contrepoids. L'effet du croisillon est, en réponse à la sollicitation vers le bas de son axe, de tendre à s'ouvrir en ciseaux en poussant parallèlement les coquilles contre les rives de nappe.In more elaborate embodiments, the compensating beam comprises a reinforcing element fixed to a support structure, and two shells which overlap at their top, separated from one another by two levers in cross-pieces with a common central axis biased downwards by a spring or counterweight. The effect of the spider is, in response to the stress down its axis, to tend to open in scissors by pushing in parallel the shells against the edges of the sheet.
Le brevet FR-A-2 352 250 reprend sensiblement la forme de réalisation précédente. Toutefois les demi-coquilles, au lieu de reposer glissantes sur l'armature, sont montées suspendues à l'extrémité de béquilles intérieures dressées presque verticalement. Cette dernière forme de réalisation vise à donner de l'indépendance aux déplacements des demi-coquilles, et à réduire les risques de grippage des demi-coquilles sur l'armature. Par ailleurs, une armature allongée supporte plusieurs paires de demi-coquilles, afin de pouvoir procéder au remplacement de demi-coquilles détériorées en ne manipulant que des pièces de poids limité.Patent FR-A-2 352 250 substantially repeats the previous embodiment. However, the half-shells, instead of being slippery on the frame, are mounted suspended at the end of internal crutches erected almost vertically. This last embodiment aims to give independence to the movements of the half-shells, and to reduce the risks of seizure of the half-shells on the frame. Furthermore, an elongated frame supports several pairs of half-shells, in order to be able to replace damaged half-shells by handling only parts of limited weight.
Les joints ou poutres de compensation de l'état de la technique précédent présentent l'inconvénient de faire appel à des pièces moulées de forme relativement compliquée, et de comporter des mécanismes quelque peu complexes, de montage délicat et qui risquent de mal résister lorsque des corps étrangers sont introduits dans le foyer avec le combustible, ce qui n'est pas rare en incinération de déchets urbains.The joints or compensating beams of the previous state of the art have the disadvantage of using molded parts of relatively complicated shape, and of having somewhat complex mechanisms, of delicate assembly and which are liable to be poorly resisted when foreign bodies are introduced into the fireplace with the fuel, which is not uncommon in the incineration of urban waste.
Et les avantages annoncés apparaissent relatifs, en ce sens qu'ils se rapportent à des perfectionnements successifs d'une même conception de base.And the advantages announced appear relative, in the sense that they relate to successive improvements of the same basic design.
L'invention a pour objectif de réaliser une poutre joint de compensation telle que définie plus haut, qui soit de construction et de mise en place simple, avec le minimum de pièces mobiles ou d'articulations, et qui soit protégée contre des chocs provenant de la couche combustible.The object of the invention is to produce a compensating joint beam as defined above, which is of simple construction and installation, with the minimum of moving parts or joints, and which is protected against shocks coming from the combustible layer.
En conséquence, l'invention propose une poutre joint, destinée à assurer une compensation de dilatation thermique et une étanchéité d'un espace entre deux nappes de grilles de foyer accolées latéralement et composées chacune d'une succession longitudinale de barreaux alternativement fixes et mobiles en va-et-vient, cette poutre étant composée d'éléments allongés en succession longitudinale avec une armature fixée à un bâti support de grilles et avec deux frotteurs latéraux portés par cette armature et sollicités en appui respectivement contre une rive de nappe de grille par des ressorts, caractérisée en ce que l'armature présente un profil en I avec une âme verticale entre une aile inférieure formant semelle de fixation et une aile supérieure formant toit, les deux frotteurs présentant un profil en U avec une base verticale entre deux branches sensiblement parallèles aux ailes de l'armature en s'y emboîtant avec un faible jeu en se dirigeant vers l'âme, la base présentant une face externe plane en appui contre la rive de nappe respective et une face interne entre les branches, des ressorts à boudin passant par des lumières dans l'âme perpendiculairement à celle-ci étant comprimés entre les faces internes des bases de frotteurs.Consequently, the invention proposes a jointed beam, intended to provide compensation for thermal expansion and sealing of a space between two sheets of hearth grates joined laterally and each composed of a longitudinal succession of bars which are alternately fixed and movable in back and forth, this beam being composed of elongated elements in longitudinal succession with a frame fixed to a support frame for grids and with two lateral rubbers carried by this frame and stressed bearing respectively against an edge of the grid sheet by springs, characterized in that the frame has an I-profile with a vertical core between a lower wing forming a fixing base and an upper wing forming a roof, the two wipers having a U-shaped profile with a vertical base between two branches substantially parallel to the wings of the frame, fitting into it with little play while moving towards the core, the base having a flat outer face in abutment against the bank of respective ply and an internal face between the branches, coil springs passing through slots in the core perpendicular to the latter being compressed between the internal faces of the wiper bases.
Grâce à cette forme de réalisation, les ressorts agissent directement pour mettre en appui les frotteurs contre les rives de nappes ; ces frotteurs trouvent leur orientation d'appui indépendamment l'un de l'autre. L'aile supérieure d'armature qui est une pièce fixe protège les frotteurs contre les efforts et chocs qui proviennent de la couche de combustible. Par ailleurs, les formes simples des pièces autorisent une fabrication par mécanosoudure, avec des états de surface, notamment pour les parties susceptibles de mouvements relatifs, plus favorables que si les pièces venaient de fonderie. Ce genre de fabrication permet en outre d'adapter le métal de chaque partie constitutive aux contraintes mécaniques ou thermiques qu'il doit supporter.Thanks to this embodiment, the springs act directly to support the wipers against the edges of the sheets; these wipers find their support orientation independently of one another. The upper armature wing which is a fixed part protects the wipers against the forces and shocks which come from the fuel layer. Furthermore, the simple shapes of the parts allow manufacturing by mechanical welding, with surface states, in particular for the parts susceptible of relative movements, more favorable than if the parts came from the foundry. This kind of manufacturing also makes it possible to adapt the metal of each constituent part to the mechanical or thermal stresses that it must support.
De préférence l'armature et les frotteurs comportent des plaques d'extrémité transversales qui s'étendent, pour l'armature d'une aile à l'autre sur toute la largeur de l'aile inférieure et, pour les frotteurs, d'une branche à l'autre sur toute la longeur de ces branches.Preferably the armature and the wipers comprise transverse end plates which extend, for the armature from one wing to the other over the entire width of the lower wing and, for the wipers, from a branch to branch over the entire length of these branches.
Ces plaques déterminent un confinement de l'espace intérieur tant de l'armature que des frotteurs, de sorte que chaque élément présente une autonomie d'étanchéité ; en conséquence, il n'y a pas lieu de prévoir des joints entre frotteurs, ainsi qu'entre armatures, pour deux éléments consécutifs.These plates determine a confinement of the interior space both of the armature and of the friction shoes, so that each element has a sealing autonomy; consequently, there is no need to provide joints between wipers, as well as between frames, for two consecutive elements.
De préférence également, l'aile inférieure de l'armature est percée d'orifices dans le plan de l'âme, et débouchant dans des évidements pratiqués dans celle-ci.Preferably also, the lower wing of the frame is pierced with orifices in the plane of the core, and opening into recesses formed in the latter.
Par ces orifices, l'air comburant en surpression sous la grille a accès à l'intérieur de l'élément de poutre joint, et a tendance à sortir par les interstices entre armatures et frotteurs, pour réduire la pénétration de particules fines issues de la couche en combustion.Through these openings, the combustion air under pressure under the grate has access to the interior of the joined beam element, and tends to exit through the interstices between reinforcements and rubbers, to reduce the penetration of fine particles from the layer in combustion.
Des caractéristiques secondaires et des avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue perspective d'une partie de poutre joint selon l'invention, disposée entre deux nappes de grilles de foyer accolées ;
- la figure 2 est une vue latérale, partiellement coupée et arrachée d'un élément de poutre joint ;
- la figure 3 est une coupe suivant le plan III-III de la figure 2 ;
- la figure 4 est une coupe suivant les plans décalés IV-IV de la figure 2 ;
- la figure 5 est une vue du dessus du raccordement de deux éléments de poutre joint ;
- la figure 6 est une vue de côté d'une plaque couvre-joint.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a part of jointed beam according to the invention, arranged between two layers of adjoining hearth grates;
- Figure 2 is a side view, partially cut and broken away of an attached beam member;
- Figure 3 is a section along the plane III-III of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a section along the offset planes IV-IV of Figure 2;
- Figure 5 is a top view of the connection of two joined beam elements;
- Figure 6 is a side view of a cover plate.
Selon la forme de réalisation choisie et représentée figure 1, deux nappes de grille 2 et 3 sont accolées latéralement de part et d'autre d'une poutre joint 1. Les grilles 2 et 3 sont formées chacune d'une succession longitudinale de barreaux 2a, 2b, 2a..., 3a, 3b, 3a... respectivement, chaque barreau en appui par le bord inférieur d'une face frontale sur une face dorsale d'un barreau précédent, le premier barreau amont portant sur une plaque de garniture de foyer, et accroché par l'arrière à une ferrure de support, alternativement reliée au bâti de grille et à un châssis mobile en va-et-vient longitudinal. Ainsi les barreaux 2a, 3a sont fixes, et les barreaux 2b, 3b entraînés en va-et-vient longitudinal. Les éléments de barreaux sont traversés par des orifices de soufflage, et des caissons en surpression sont disposés sous les nappes de grilles pour alimenter le foyer en air comburant à travers les orifices de soufflage. On trouvera une description détaillée d'une telle grille, notamment dans les documents de brevet FR-A-2 574 160 et EP-A-0 191 254.According to the embodiment chosen and shown in FIG. 1, two
La poutre joint 1 se compose d'une succession longitudinale d'éléments oblongs tels que 10 qui comportent une armature et des frotteurs latéraux 20 et 30 sollicités respectivement contre les rives de nappes 2 et 3 en appui par leurs faces externes planes.The
Comme on le verra plus en détail sur les figures 2, 3 et 4, l'élément de poutre joint comprend une armature à profil en I, avec une âme verticale 13 entre une aile supérieure 11 qui forme toit de l'élément 10, et une aile inférieure 12 formant semelle pour la fixation sur le bâti de grille. L'élément 10 comprend également les deux frotteurs 20 et 30 qui affectent un profil en U, avec une base 21, 31, verticale, et deux branches 22, 24 et 32, 34 respectivement, tournées vers l'âme 13 d'armature, sensiblement parallèles aux ailes 11 et 12 d'armature entre lesquelles elles s'emboîtent avec un faible jeu. Des ressorts à boudin 45, 46 transversaux traversent l'âme 13 d'armature par des lumières circulaires fourrées par des tronçons de tubes 16 et 17 sensiblement à mi-distance des ailes 11, 12, pour solliciter en écartement les frotteurs 20, 30. Les ressorts 45, 46 sont centrés dans les tronçons de tubes 16, 17 par emboîtement autour de saillies circulaires 21a, 21b, 31a, 31b rapportées sur les faces internes des bases 21, 31. Cette disposition des ressorts assure un appui à plat du frotteur sur la rive de nappe de grille.As will be seen in more detail in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the joined beam element comprises an I-profile reinforcement, with a
Les frotteurs 20, 30 sont tenus sur l'armature, avec une saillie limitée, par des broches verticales 41, 42, 43, 44, qui s'engagent dans des logements dans les ailes 11 et 12, et traversent les branches 22, 24, 32, 34 en passant dans des lumières oblongues, non référencées.The
L'armature et les frotteurs présentent, à leurs extrémités longitudinales, des plaques d'extrémité 14 et 15 pour l'armature, qui s'étendent de l'aile 11 à l'aile 12, avec une largeur correspondant à celle de l'aile 12, et 23, 33, 25, 35 pour les frotteurs, qui s'étendent d'une branche à l'autre.The armature and the wipers have, at their longitudinal ends,
On notera que l'assemblage de l'armature, âme 13, ailes 11, 12 et plaques d'extrémité 14, 15, et des frotteurs 20, 30, bases 21, 31, branches 22, 24, 32, 34, et plaques d'extrémité 23, 25, 33, 35, est réalisé par mécanosoudure, ce qui permet d'utiliser des méplats d'acier réfractaire à faces lisses et parallèles, et d'assurer une précision de cotes supérieure à celle que l'on obtient en fonderie. Les jeux entre frotteurs et armatures peuvent ainsi être convenablement ajustés. Par ailleurs les frotteurs s'emboîtent dans l'armature suivant quatre côtés, ce qui assure à l'élément 10 une étanchéité autonome, au sens où il faut entendre ici étanchéité, c'est-à-dire des fuites qui n'affectent pas le régime de soufflage de l'air comburant.Note that the assembly of the frame,
Toutefois, il convient que le volume interne de l'élément 10 soit en communication avec les caissons de souffflage, pour être en surpression par rapport au foyer et éviter que des cendres volantes, ou des fumées, ne pénètrent à l'intérieur de l'élément. A cet effet, l'aile semelle 12 est munie de barrettes 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, transversales, qui ménagent un espace entre cette semelle et une poutre support dans le bâti de grille. Entre ces barrettes, la semelle 12 est percée d'orifices 19a, 19b, 19c, dans le plan de l'âme 13, ces orifices débouchant dans des évidements 18a, 18b, 18c de cette âme 13, en forme de voûte en plein cintre.However, the internal volume of the
Comme on le voit mieux à la figure 3, l'élément 10', dont seule l'extrémité est représentée, vient se placer en succession avec l'élément 10, avec sa plaque d'extrémité arrière d'armature 15' portant contre la plaque avant d'armature 14 de l'élément 10. Les bases 21 et 31 de l'élément 10 sont prolongées par des barres mortaisées 26a, 26b, 36a, 36b. Les bases 21' et 31' de l'élément 10' présentent également des barres mortaisées 26'b, 36'b affrontées aux barres 26a, 36a. Des clavettes plates 27a, 37a sont insérées dans les paires de mortaises affrontées, pour coupler les frotteurs.As can be seen better in FIG. 3, the
Comme représenté aux figures 5 et 6, un couvre-joint 50, formé d'un méplat cambré au profil de l'aile supérieure 11 d'armature, vient combler l'interstice entre les ailes supérieures 11 et 11' des armatures de deux éléments successifs, ce couvre-joint étant soudé à l'une seulement des ailes de toit 11 et 11'.As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a
Il va de soi que l'on peut réaliser tout ou partie des pièces constituant le joint de dilatation en fonderie, même si la description a été faite de pièces fabriquées par mécanosoudure.It goes without saying that one can make all or part of the parts constituting the expansion joint in a foundry, even if the description has been made of parts manufactured by mechanical welding.
Claims (10)
- A sealing beam (1) adapted to compensate thermal expansion of and to seal a gap between two fire grate layers (2, 3) coupled together laterally and each consisting of a longitudinal succession of alternately fixed (2a, 3a) and reciprocatingly movable (2b, 3b) bars, said beam being composed of a longitudinal succession of elongate elements (10) with an armature fixed to a grate support frame and with two lateral rubbing members (20, 30) carried by said armature and driven by springs (45, 46) to bear against respective grate layer (2, 3) edges characterized in that the armature has an I-shaped profile having a vertical web (13) between a lower flange (12) forming a fixing baseplate and an upper flange (11) forming a roof, the two rubbing members (20, 30) having a U-shaped profile with a vertical base (21, 31) between two branches (22, 24; 32, 34) substantially parallel to the flanges (11, 12) of the armature and nested within the latter with a small clearance, extending towards the web (13), the said base (21, 31) having a plane exterior surface bearing against the respective grate layer edge and an internal surface between the branches (22, 24; 32, 34), coil springs (46, 47) passing perpendicularly through holes in said web being compressed between the internal surfaces of the bases (21, 31) of the rubbing members.
- A beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes through which the springs (45, 46) pass are circular and lined with tube sections (16, 17) substantially coaxial with said springs.
- A beam according to either one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the holes are formed in the web (13) substantially halfway between said flanges (11, 12).
- A beam according to claim 3, characterized in that a beam element (10) comprises two springs (45, 46).
- A beam according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the internal surfaces of the bases (21, 31) of the rubbing members comprise circular projections (21a, 31a, 21b, 31b) on which the coil springs (45, 46) are centered.
- A beam according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that pins (41, 42, 43, 44) pass through the armature perpendicularly to the flanges (11, 12) and pass through oblong holes in the branches (22, 24; 32, 34) of the rubbing members parallel to the axes of the springs (45, 46).
- A beam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the armature and the rubbing members comprise respective transverse end plates (14, 15; 23, 25; 33, 35) which extend, in the case of the armature, from one flange to the other over the full width of the lower flange (12), and in the case of the rubbing members from one branch to the other over the full length of said branches (23, 25; 33, 35).
- A beam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rubbing members (20, 30) comprise at their longitudinal ends mortices (26a, 26b, 36a, 36b) which extend parallel to the exterior surface of the base and are adapted to receive a key (27a, 37a) for coupling rubbing members of successive elements (10, 10') together, half of said key being accommodated in each of two face-to-face mortices.
- A beam according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a joint cover (50) is disposed over a transverse gap between two adjacent elements (10, 10') in said longitudinal succession, covering the upper flanges of the respective armatures and fixed to only one of these two armatures.
- A beam according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the lower flange (12) of the armature contains holes (19a, 19b, 19c) formed in the plane of the web (13) and opening into cut-outs (18a, 18b, 18c) made in the latter.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9005129A FR2661235B1 (en) | 1990-04-23 | 1990-04-23 | BEAM FORMING EXPANSION JOINT BETWEEN TWO CLIMBING FIREPLACES ATTACHED, WITH ALTERNATIVELY FIXED AND MOBILE BARS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0516909A1 EP0516909A1 (en) | 1992-12-09 |
| EP0516909B1 true EP0516909B1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
Family
ID=9395979
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91401476A Expired - Lifetime EP0516909B1 (en) | 1990-04-23 | 1991-06-06 | Beam forming a heat expansion joint between adjacent zones of a grate, the bars of which are alternately fixed and moving |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5205100A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0516909B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE114037T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE516909T1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2036975T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2661235B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5377663A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1995-01-03 | Wheelabrator Environmental Systems, Inc. | Grate combustion system |
| DE19606107C1 (en) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-02-13 | Martin Umwelt & Energietech | Firing grate, in particular for waste incineration plants |
| DE10011791B4 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2004-01-29 | Fisia Babcock Environment Gmbh | Fluid-cooled central beam element for multi-lane combustion grates and central beams |
| US6739568B2 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-05-25 | Unisorb, Inc. | Apparatus for isolating and leveling a machine foundation |
| CN101206032B (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Coal charging type combustion device and combustion method for process article |
| AT508847B1 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-07-15 | Reisner & Wolff Engineering Gmbh | DEVICE FOR BRIDGING AN EXTENSION |
| CN107131511A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-05 | 绿色动力环保集团股份有限公司 | Stoker fired grate temperature compensation device and the domestic waste incineration for equipping the device |
| CN110686263B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2023-12-22 | 科能亚太铸造（武汉）有限公司 | Fire bar for incinerator |
| CN110686262B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2023-12-22 | 科能亚太铸造（武汉）有限公司 | Fire grate for garbage incineration and garbage incineration treatment device |
| DE102022109943A1 (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-10-26 | Standardkessel Baumgarte Gmbh | Grate track separation element |
| EP4361500A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2024-05-01 | Hitachi Zosen Inova AG | Grate path limiting element for a combustion grate |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1977496A (en) * | 1931-09-28 | 1934-10-16 | Nat Wood Products Co | Floor expansion joint |
| US2076388A (en) * | 1933-07-22 | 1937-04-06 | Nat Gypsum Co | Wall construction |
| GB709239A (en) * | 1952-02-20 | 1954-05-19 | Walter Alec Berwick Cooper | Improvements in or relating to partition walls for use in building construction |
| FR1532280A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1968-07-12 | Grate for large fireplaces with side partitions separating the grate layers | |
| US3418996A (en) * | 1967-02-28 | 1968-12-31 | Martin Johannes Josef | Industrial furnace |
| US3699734A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1972-10-24 | Anning Johnson Co | Partitioning system having removable panels |
| US3778954A (en) * | 1972-09-07 | 1973-12-18 | Johns Manville | Method of replacing a damaged bulkhead panel |
| DE2622965C2 (en) * | 1976-05-21 | 1978-04-06 | Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Compensation device for dimensional changes of components due to temperature fluctuations, especially in the case of furnaces |
| DE2809845C2 (en) * | 1978-03-07 | 1980-03-06 | Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh, 8000 Muenchen | Grate covering, in particular for large furnaces |
| FR2574160A1 (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-06 | Electricite De France | FIREPLACE GRILLE MADE FROM ELEMENTS ALLOWING IMPROVED CONTROL OF THE PRIMARY AIR SUPPLY |
-
1990
- 1990-04-23 FR FR9005129A patent/FR2661235B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-06-06 AT AT91401476T patent/ATE114037T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-06 DE DE199191401476T patent/DE516909T1/en active Pending
- 1991-06-06 DE DE69105120T patent/DE69105120T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-06 ES ES91401476T patent/ES2036975T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-06 EP EP91401476A patent/EP0516909B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-19 US US07/717,793 patent/US5205100A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE114037T1 (en) | 1994-11-15 |
| DE516909T1 (en) | 1993-05-19 |
| DE69105120D1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
| ES2036975T1 (en) | 1993-06-16 |
| FR2661235A1 (en) | 1991-10-25 |
| FR2661235B1 (en) | 1992-07-31 |
| US5205100A (en) | 1993-04-27 |
| EP0516909A1 (en) | 1992-12-09 |
| DE69105120T2 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| ES2036975T3 (en) | 1995-01-16 |
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