EP0510783B1 - Device for the combustion of fluid or gaseous fuels - Google Patents
Device for the combustion of fluid or gaseous fuels Download PDFInfo
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- EP0510783B1 EP0510783B1 EP92250087A EP92250087A EP0510783B1 EP 0510783 B1 EP0510783 B1 EP 0510783B1 EP 92250087 A EP92250087 A EP 92250087A EP 92250087 A EP92250087 A EP 92250087A EP 0510783 B1 EP0510783 B1 EP 0510783B1
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- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- burner
- air
- insert
- tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
- F23D11/404—Flame tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the combustion of flowable or gaseous fuels, with a burner nozzle arranged in a burner tube, a device for supplying the fuel to the burner nozzle, a device for supplying combustion air into the burner pipe, essentially around the device for supplying the fuel is arranged around, and an insert for returning combustion products into the combustion zone, which is inserted into the burner tube at the end of the burner, the return of the combustion products taking place essentially in a space between the insert and the burner tube.
- Firing systems with facilities for the recirculation of combustion products and / or exhaust gases serve the purpose of a to achieve as complete a combustion as possible.
- the aim is to implement the energy content contained in the fuel as completely as possible.
- Another goal is to reduce the NOx emissions by lowering the temperature of the flame is reduced.
- NO x is generated either from bound nitrogen, for example from heavy heating oil, or from the free nitrogen in the ambient air used for combustion, in which it contains about 78%.
- nitrogen is oxidized to NO if it is exposed to temperatures above approx. 1400 ° C. Such temperatures usually occur in gas and oil burner flames if no measures are taken to reduce the temperature.
- EP-A-0 386 732 already describes a combustion device for a two-fuel burner with an internal recirculation.
- the device there has a nozzle plate on which a plurality of nozzles is arranged, which are channeled differently in their air flow through a tube before they are mixed in a flame tube.
- the device described there has a very complicated construction, the apparently necessary to achieve a sufficiently stable recirculation in the construction with two pipes.
- a disadvantage of such a device is that, given the large number of nozzles, maintenance is very complicated and expensive, and even minor disturbances can have major disadvantages in operation.
- a device for oil burners in which a recirculation takes place with good mixing of the gases to be burned with the flue gases is described in DE-OS 40 08 692, in which, however, a baffle plate together with a fan causes the mixing.
- DE-OS 39 23 238 is to be mentioned, in which a device for recycling combustion products is described, in which the air-fuel-flue gas mixture is already mixed before the combustion zone, in which there is also a device for supplying the combustion air which is arranged around the burner nozzle, is provided and which is equipped with a device for returning the combustion products into the combustion zone. Furthermore, on the inside of the burner tube there are nozzles for introducing a part of the combustion air, which serve to generate a low pressure behind these nozzles.
- the device there does not yet have the possibilities of internal recirculation with simple ones constructive features developed, so that the device described there still drives a considerable design effort, and on the other hand suffers unnecessary losses due to the relatively extensive exhaust gas recirculation realized there.
- EP-A-0 001 437 generally describes the generation of a supercritical swirl flow.
- GB-A-609 135 discloses a graduated air injection via air nozzles which are partly tangential and partly non-tangential and which lead to a very special flow behavior. This is done to effect a staged combustion, in particular to be able to effectively break down organic nitrogen bound to the fuel.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to achieve the combustion of a flowable and / or gaseous fuel as completely as possible with the formation of as little NO x as possible by means of optimal mixing, in each case optimal mixing ratios and an optimal residence time of the combustion gases in the flame with the simplest possible constructive means.
- combustion products are thereby recycled in such a way that they have a significantly lower temperature than the flame. Nevertheless, the combustion gases are much hotter than the freshly supplied air and the fuel and have a significantly different viscosity, but this does not have a disadvantageous effect on the mixing, since this is ensured by the measures according to the invention.
- additional secondary air nozzles which are arranged around the burner nozzle, are provided.
- Secondary air nozzles of this type which in a further preferred embodiment are designed with an inclination that is essentially variable towards the axis of the burner tube, have the advantage that the air introduction conditions can be optimized to the conditions present in the respective individual combustion chamber.
- the proportion of the combustion air which is blown in through the secondary air nozzles is preferably up to 90% of the total amount of air.
- the secondary air nozzles are set at an angle of up to 30 °, preferably 10-25 °, inwards to the axis of the burner tube. Such a setting causes a particularly favorable flow behavior for a stable flame with a large return quantity of combustion products.
- the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
- the burner tube 10 is shown with the exhaust outlet 22 on the left side and the burner nozzle 12 on the right side.
- the fuel is supplied via the fuel supply 13.
- the insert 14 is inserted into the burner tube 10, a space 16 being left between the insert 14 and the burner tube 10 for the backflow of the combustion products. A distance between the insert 14 and the end of the burner tube facing the burner can be clearly seen.
- Combustion air is introduced tangentially into the air supply 15 around the burner 12 and then swirled into the burner tube 10 through the conical constriction 26 of the air supply. This swirl becomes supercritical due to the enlargement 24 of the space available here in the burner tube 10 or in the insert 14, so that a central backflow can form. So that this backflow does not extend into the air supply 15, the outer wall 28 is provided around the burner nozzle 12 with an end surface 30 which serves to limit these flow conditions.
- Secondary air nozzles 20 are also provided which terminate approximately with the burner. They can be arranged - if necessary variably - inclined inwards up to an angle of approx. 30 ° and serve on the one hand to support the swirling and mixing, and on the other hand to help the exhaust gas recirculating flow due to the negative pressure that is behind it generate, reinforce.
- the insert 14 according to the invention will have a diameter of approximately 80% of the total burner tube diameter. Its length will make up 20 to 70% of the burner tube length. The temperature of the combustion will be reduced from approx. 1600 ° C to 1300 ° C with these measures. The dwell time in the area of very high temperatures is also reduced. Overall, a reduction of up to 50% of the NO x concentration in oil and up to 75% in natural gas can be achieved. In the burner tube 10 itself, the velocity of the gases will be low, so the air pressure resistance is not increased unnecessarily.
- a slide 32 is shown with a round end edge 34, which serves to be able to vary the tangential velocity component of the air with the same volume flows (swirl adjustment).
- 3 and 4 schematically illustrate how the swirl of the supplied combustion air leads to improved recirculation of combustion products and better mixing.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von fließfähigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffen, mit einer in einem Brennerrohr angeordneten Brennerdüse, einer Einrichtung zur Zufuhr des Brennstoffes zur Brennerdüse, einer Einrichtung zur Zufuhr von Verbrennungsluft in das Brennerrohr, die im wesentlichen um die Einrichtung zur Zufuhr des Brennstoffes herum angeordnet ist, und einem Einsatz zur Rückführung von Verbrennungsprodukten in die Verbrennungszone, der am brennerseitigen Ende in das Brennerrohr eingesetzt ist, wobei die Rückführung der Verbrennungsprodukte im wesentlichen in einem Zwischenraum zwischen dem Einsatz und dem Brennerrohr erfolgt.The invention relates to a device for the combustion of flowable or gaseous fuels, with a burner nozzle arranged in a burner tube, a device for supplying the fuel to the burner nozzle, a device for supplying combustion air into the burner pipe, essentially around the device for supplying the fuel is arranged around, and an insert for returning combustion products into the combustion zone, which is inserted into the burner tube at the end of the burner, the return of the combustion products taking place essentially in a space between the insert and the burner tube.
Feuerungsanlagen mit Einrichtungen zur Rückführung von Verbrennungsprodukten und/oder Abgasen dienen dem Zweck, eine möglichst vollständige Verbrennung zu erzielen. Damit soll der in dem Brennstoff enthaltene Energiegehalt möglichst vollständig umgesetzt werden. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, den NOx-Ausstoß zu reduzieren, indem die Temperatur der Flamme herabgesetzt wird. NOx entsteht entweder aus gebundenem Stickstoff, aus z.B. schwerem Heizöl, oder aus dem freien Stickstoff der zur Verbrennung benutzten Umgebungsluft, in der er zu etwa 78 % enthalten ist. Bei der Verbrennung wird Stickstoff zu NO oxidiert, wenn man ihn Temperaturen über ca. 1400°C aussetzt. Derartige Temperaturen entstehen in Gas- und Ölbrennerflammen üblicherweise, wenn man keine Maßnahmen zur Temperaturreduzierung trifft.Firing systems with facilities for the recirculation of combustion products and / or exhaust gases serve the purpose of a to achieve as complete a combustion as possible. The aim is to implement the energy content contained in the fuel as completely as possible. Another goal is to reduce the NOx emissions by lowering the temperature of the flame is reduced. NO x is generated either from bound nitrogen, for example from heavy heating oil, or from the free nitrogen in the ambient air used for combustion, in which it contains about 78%. During combustion, nitrogen is oxidized to NO if it is exposed to temperatures above approx. 1400 ° C. Such temperatures usually occur in gas and oil burner flames if no measures are taken to reduce the temperature.
Ein weiteres Problem ist, daß Flammen ungleichmäßig heiß sind, daß also Bereiche größerer Temperatur (Temperaturspitzen) in "normalen" Bereichen der Flamme eingebettet sind. Je länger der Stickstoff in solchen Temperaturspitzen verbleibt, um so mehr wird selbstverständlich in NO umgewandelt. Die entsprechenden Zusammenhänge sind bereits seit längerer Zeit bekannt.Another problem is that flames are unevenly hot, ie areas of higher temperature (temperature peaks) are embedded in "normal" areas of the flame. The longer the nitrogen remains in such temperature peaks, the more it is naturally converted into NO. The corresponding relationships have been known for a long time.
Man versucht ebenfalls bereits seit längerem die thermische NOx-Bildung aus dem Luftstickstoff durch Abgasrückführung mit entsprechender Temperaturabsenkung zu vermindern. Bei einer solchen Rezirkulation wirken die Verbrennungsgase als Inertgase, die dadurch, daß in ihnen kein Sauerstoff vorhanden ist, allein schon eine Verminderung der Temperatur mit sich bringen. Wenn diese Gase zusätzlich noch eine verminderte Temperatur haben, ist dies ein erwünschter Nebeneffekt.Attempts have also been made for a long time to reduce the thermal NO x formation from the atmospheric nitrogen by exhaust gas recirculation with a corresponding reduction in temperature. With such a recirculation, the combustion gases act as inert gases, which, because there is no oxygen in them, alone bring about a reduction in the temperature. If these gases are also at a reduced temperature, this is a desirable side effect.
In der EP-A-0 386 732 wird bereits eine Verbrennungseinrichtung für einen Zweistoffbrenner mit einer internen Rezirkulation beschrieben. Die dortige Einrichtung hat jedoch eine Düsenplatte auf der eine Vielzahl von Düsen angeordnet ist, die durch ein Rohr unterschiedlich in ihrer Luftströmung kanalisiert werden, bevor sie in einem Flammrohr vermischt werden. Die dort beschriebene Vorrichtung weist eine sehr komplizierte Konstruktion auf, die anscheinend nötig ist, um in der Konstruktion mit zwei Rohren eine genügend stabile Rezirkulation zu erreichen.EP-A-0 386 732 already describes a combustion device for a two-fuel burner with an internal recirculation. However, the device there has a nozzle plate on which a plurality of nozzles is arranged, which are channeled differently in their air flow through a tube before they are mixed in a flame tube. The device described there has a very complicated construction, the apparently necessary to achieve a sufficiently stable recirculation in the construction with two pipes.
Nachteilig bei einer derartigen Einrichtung ist jedenfalls, daß bei der Vielzahl von Düsen die Wartung sehr kompliziert ist und verteuert wird, und auch schon geringe Störungen große Nachteile im Betrieb mit sich bringen können.In any case, a disadvantage of such a device is that, given the large number of nozzles, maintenance is very complicated and expensive, and even minor disturbances can have major disadvantages in operation.
Eine weitere Feuerungsanlage zum Reduzieren der Stickoxidbildung beim Verbrennen fossiler Werkstoffe wird in der EP-A-0 384 277 beschrieben, wobei dieses Verfahren ausdrücklich darauf abzielt, die Flamme von "kühlen" Rauchgasen zu umschließen und zu kühlen. Eine Verwirbelung ist nicht vorgesehen und kann bei der dort vorgeschlagenen konstruktiven Ausbildung einer Feuerungsanlage auch nicht in genügendem Maße erfolgen. Damit wird der Effekt der Beimengung von Inertgasen bei der Verbrennung zur Reduzierung der NOx-Bildung nicht genutzt und die Anlage muß suboptimal bleiben.Another furnace for reducing nitrogen oxide formation when burning fossil materials is described in EP-A-0 384 277, this method expressly aimed at enclosing and cooling the flame of "cool" flue gases. A swirling is not provided and cannot take place to a sufficient extent in the structural design of a combustion system proposed there. The effect of adding inert gases during combustion to reduce NO x formation is therefore not used and the system must remain suboptimal.
Ein weiterer Heizkessel für die Verbrennung flüssiger und gasförmiger Brennstoffe wird in der DE-OS 36 28 293 vorgeschlagen, in der bereits ein Injektorkanal beschrieben ist, der die Flamme umgibt und eine Zirkulation außerhalb dieses erlaubt. Die dortige Konstruktion sieht jedoch eine Zwangsrückführung des Rauchgases zwischen dem Injektorkanal und einer Zarge mit einem angeschweißten Boden, die entgegengesetzt um den Injektorkanal gestülpt ist, vor. Eine derartige Konstruktion scheint nötig zu sein, um überhaupt eine genügende Rückführung von Verbrennungsgasen zu erreichen, jedoch wird durch diese Konstruktion keineswegs eine Durchmischung der Rauchgase mit den zu verbrennenden Gasen vor dem Brenner erreicht, es wird allenfalls eine randseitige Kühlung stattfinden. Durch die diversen Umlenkungen des Rauchgases findet weiter eine erhebliche Stauwirkung der Abgase statt, die der Verbrennung und der Aufrechterhaltung einer stabilen Flamme nicht zuträglich ist.Another boiler for the combustion of liquid and gaseous fuels is proposed in DE-OS 36 28 293, in which an injector channel is already described, which surrounds the flame and allows circulation outside of it. The construction there, however, provides for a forced return of the flue gas between the injector channel and a frame with a welded-on floor, which is placed in the opposite direction around the injector channel. Such a construction seems to be necessary in order to achieve a sufficient recirculation of combustion gases at all, but this construction in no way mixes the flue gases with the gases to be burned in front of the burner; at most, edge cooling will take place. Due to the various deflections of the flue gas, there is a considerable backlog effect of the exhaust gases, which is not conducive to combustion and the maintenance of a stable flame.
Eine Einrichtung für Ölbrenner bei der eine Rezirkulation mit guter Vermischung der zu verbrennenden Gase mit den Rauchgasen stattfindet, wird in der DE-OS 40 08 692 beschrieben, in der jedoch eine Stauscheibe mit einem Gebläse zusammen die Durchmischung bewirkt.A device for oil burners in which a recirculation takes place with good mixing of the gases to be burned with the flue gases is described in DE-OS 40 08 692, in which, however, a baffle plate together with a fan causes the mixing.
Eine derartige Ausführung ist einmal technisch sehr aufwendig, andererseits ist durch das vorhandene Gebläse ein erhöhter Wartungsbedarf vorhanden und es wird auch in dieser Druckschrift nur darauf abgestellt, mit kühleren Verbrennungsgasen den Randbereich der Flamme zu kühlen. Eine derartige Vorrichtung kann also der NOx-Reduktion nur beschränkt und unter sehr großem Aufwand genügen.Such an embodiment is technically very complex, on the other hand there is an increased need for maintenance due to the existing fan and in this document, too, only the aim is to cool the edge region of the flame with cooler combustion gases. Such a device can therefore only reduce the NO x reduction and suffice with great effort.
Eine weitere Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen flüssiger oder gasförmiger Brennstoffe, bei der eine Verwirbelung beim Brennen stattfindet, ist in der EP-A-0 404 731 beschrieben, in der eine torusförmige Brennzone durch intensive Verwirbelung und entsprechender Leitmittel erreicht wird. Es wird jedoch keine interne Rezirkulation der Verbrennungsgase vorgeschlagen, so daß dieses Mittel der NOx-Reduktion ungenutzt bleibt, und die Vorrichtung daher in ihrem Wirkungsgrad zu wünschen übrig läßt.A further device for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, in which swirling takes place during burning, is described in EP-A-0 404 731, in which a toroidal combustion zone is achieved by intensive swirling and corresponding guide means. However, no internal recirculation of the combustion gases is proposed, so that this means of reducing NO x remains unused and the device therefore leaves something to be desired in terms of its efficiency.
Schließlich ist noch die DE-OS 39 23 238 zu nennen, in der eine Einrichtung zum Rückführen von Verbrennungsprodukten beschrieben wird, in der eine Durchmischung des Luft-Brennstoff-Rauchgasgemisches bereits vor der Verbrennungszone vorgenommen wird, in der weiter eine Einrichtung zur Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft, die um die Brennerdüse herum angeordnet ist, vorgesehen ist und die mit einer Einrichtung zur Rückführung der Verbrennungsprodukte in die Verbrennungszone ausgestattet ist. Weiterhin befinden sich an der Innenseite des Brennerrohres Düsen zur Einbringung eines Teiles der Verbrennungsluft, die dazu dienen, einen Niederdruck hinter diesen Düsen zu erzeugen. Die dortige Vorrichtung hat jedoch noch nicht die Möglichkeiten der internen Rezirkulation mit einfachen konstruktiven Merkmalen erschlossen, so daß die dort beschriebene Vorrichtung noch einen erheblichen konstruktiven Aufwand treibt, und andererseits durch die dort verwirklichte relativ weiträumige Abgasrückführung unnötige Verluste erleidet.Finally, DE-OS 39 23 238 is to be mentioned, in which a device for recycling combustion products is described, in which the air-fuel-flue gas mixture is already mixed before the combustion zone, in which there is also a device for supplying the combustion air which is arranged around the burner nozzle, is provided and which is equipped with a device for returning the combustion products into the combustion zone. Furthermore, on the inside of the burner tube there are nozzles for introducing a part of the combustion air, which serve to generate a low pressure behind these nozzles. However, the device there does not yet have the possibilities of internal recirculation with simple ones constructive features developed, so that the device described there still drives a considerable design effort, and on the other hand suffers unnecessary losses due to the relatively extensive exhaust gas recirculation realized there.
Aus der CH-A-327648 ist ein Verfahren zur Erzielung einer Verbrennung mit hoher Hitzeentwicklung bekannt. Dabei soll die Tatsache ausgenutzt werden, daß die Verbrennung beschleunigt werden kann, wenn man durch eine brennbare Mischung aktive Ionen, Radikale oder Teilchen hindurchbewegt oder eindiffundieren läßt, welche aus dem Brennstoff bei beginnender Verbrennung stammen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Brenner konstruiert, mit dem eine Rückführung der weitgehend unverbrannten Gase aus dem Bereich der beginnenden Verbrennung abgezweigt und zurückgeführt werden zu der Mischungsstelle des noch nicht entzündeten Brennstoffes mit Luft, wo diese Produkte in das Brennstoff-Luftgemisch eintreten und nach der Zündstelle mitgeführt werden.From CH-A-327648 a method for achieving a combustion with high heat development is known. The fact should be exploited that the combustion can be accelerated if active ions, radicals or particles, which originate from the fuel at the start of combustion, are moved or diffused through a combustible mixture. For this purpose, a burner was constructed with which a return of the largely unburned gases from the area of the incipient combustion is branched off and returned to the mixing point of the as yet unlit fuel with air, where these products enter the fuel-air mixture and after the ignition point be carried along.
In der EP-A-0 001 437 ist in anderem Zusammenhang allgemein die Erzeugung einer überkritischen Drallströmung beschrieben.In another context, EP-A-0 001 437 generally describes the generation of a supercritical swirl flow.
Aus der GB-A-609 135 ist eine abgestufte Lufteindüsung über zum Teil tangential, zum Teil nicht-tangential ausgerichtete Luftdüsen bekannt, die zu einem ganz speziellen Strömungsverhalten führen. Dies erfolgt zur Bewirkung einer gestuften Verbrennung, insbesondere um an den Brennstoff gebundenen organischen Stickstoff effektiv abbauen zu können.GB-A-609 135 discloses a graduated air injection via air nozzles which are partly tangential and partly non-tangential and which lead to a very special flow behavior. This is done to effect a staged combustion, in particular to be able to effectively break down organic nitrogen bound to the fuel.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, die Verbrennung eines fließfähigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes möglichst vollständig unter Bildung von möglichst wenig NOx durch optimale Vermischung, jeweils optimale Mischungsverhältnisse und eine optimale Verweilzeit der Verbrennungsgase in der Flamme mit möglichst einfachen konstruktiven Mitteln zu erreichen.The object of the present invention is therefore to achieve the combustion of a flowable and / or gaseous fuel as completely as possible with the formation of as little NO x as possible by means of optimal mixing, in each case optimal mixing ratios and an optimal residence time of the combustion gases in the flame with the simplest possible constructive means.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einer gattungsemäßen Feuerungsanlage durch die Kennzeichen von Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention this object is achieved in a generic firing system by the features of claim 1.
Hierdurch wird es ermöglicht, die Verbrennungsprodukte, insbesondere die Abgase mit einem geringen Sauerstoffgehalt, in das zu verbrennende Medium, z.B. den Ölnebel, der bereits in der Verbrennungsluft verteilt ist, effektiv einzumischen. Da dabei sehr hohe Viskositätsunterschiede zwischen den heißen und den kalten Gasen bestehen, ist diese Vermischung keineswegs ohne weiteres möglich, sondern stößt auf große Schwierigkeiten. Die sehr starke Verdrallung der Verbrennungsluft führt aber dazu, daß die seitlich über einen großen Umfang zugeführten Verbrennungsgase sehr gut eingemischt werden. Dies geschieht vor der Flamme, die innerhalb des Einsatzes brennt. Durch die sehr kurzen Wege in Verbindung mit der guten Durchmischung, die Temperaturspitzen nicht entstehen läßt, wird es ermöglicht, daß man die Temperatur der eingemischten Verbrennungsprodukte nicht stark erniedrigen muß.
Damit kann alle Wärme an einem Punkt entnommen werden, und es müssen keine Einrichtungen zur Kühlung der Rauchgase vorgesehen werden.This makes it possible to effectively mix the combustion products, in particular the exhaust gases with a low oxygen content, into the medium to be burned, for example the oil mist which is already distributed in the combustion air. Since there are very high differences in viscosity between the hot and the cold gases, this mixing is by no means possible without problems, but encounters great difficulties. The very strong swirl of the combustion air leads to the fact that the combustion gases supplied laterally over a large extent are mixed in very well. This happens in front of the flame that burns inside the insert. The very short distances in connection with the good mixing, which does not allow temperature peaks to occur, makes it possible that the temperature of the mixed-in combustion products does not have to be lowered significantly.
This means that all heat can be removed at one point, and no devices for cooling the flue gases need to be provided.
Unter "überkritischem Drall" ist dabei zu verstehen, daß die Luft in eine so starke Rotationsbewegung versetzt wird, daß sich eine zentrale Rückströmung ausbildet. Trifft eine derart in Rotation versetzte Luftströmung auf eine Erweiterung des sie führenden Raumes, finden starke Verwirbelungen statt. Diese Verwirbelungen werden in der vorliegenden Erfindung dazu genutzt eine besonders gute Vermischung zwischen der kalten Frischluft, dem zugeführten Brennstoff und den rückgeführten Verbrennungsprodukten zu bewirken.By "supercritical swirl" is to be understood that the air is set in such a strong rotational movement that a central backflow is formed. If an air flow which is set in rotation in this way encounters an expansion of the space leading it, strong turbulences take place. These turbulences are used in the present invention to bring about particularly good mixing between the cold fresh air, the supplied fuel and the returned combustion products.
Die Verbrennungsprodukte werden dadurch derart rückgeführt, daß sie eine deutlich niedrigere Temperatur als die Flamme besitzen. Dennoch sind die Verbrennungsgase wesentlich heißer als die frisch zugeführte Luft und der Brennstoff und besitzen eine wesentlich andere Viskosität, aber dies wirkt sich nicht nachteilig auf die Vermischung aus, da diese mit den erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen sichergestellt wird.The combustion products are thereby recycled in such a way that they have a significantly lower temperature than the flame. Nevertheless, the combustion gases are much hotter than the freshly supplied air and the fuel and have a significantly different viscosity, but this does not have a disadvantageous effect on the mixing, since this is ensured by the measures according to the invention.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung werden zusätzliche Sekundärluftdüsen, die um die Brennerdüse herum angeordnet sind, vorgesehen. Derartige Sekundärluftdüsen, die in einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit im wesentlichen zur Achse des Brennerrohres hin variabeler Neigung ausgebildet sind, haben den Vorteil, daß man eine Optimierung der Lufteinleitverhältnisse an die in dem jeweiligen individuellen Verbrennungsraum vorhandenen Verhältnisse vornehmen kann.In the device according to the invention, additional secondary air nozzles, which are arranged around the burner nozzle, are provided. Secondary air nozzles of this type, which in a further preferred embodiment are designed with an inclination that is essentially variable towards the axis of the burner tube, have the advantage that the air introduction conditions can be optimized to the conditions present in the respective individual combustion chamber.
Dadurch, daß ein entsprechend hoher Teil der Luft durch die Sekundärluftdüsen eingeblasen wird, beeinflussen diese das Strömungsverhalten am Beginn des Einsatzes wesentlich. Sie führen die verwirbelte und gemischte Luft aus dem Verwirbelungs- bzw. Mischbereich heraus, indem sie hinter sich einen Unterdruck erzeugen. Dieser Unterdruck führt weiter zu einer vermehrten Zufuhr von rückgeführten Verbrennungsprodukten durch den zwischen dem Einsatz und dem Brennerrohr verbleibenden Zwischenraum.Because a correspondingly high proportion of the air is blown in through the secondary air nozzles, these have a significant influence on the flow behavior at the start of use. They lead the swirled and mixed air out of the Swirling or mixing area by creating a vacuum behind them. This negative pressure further leads to an increased supply of recirculated combustion products through the space remaining between the insert and the burner tube.
Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil der Verbrennungsluft, der durch die Sekundärluftdüsen eingeblasen wird, bis zu 90% der gesamten Luftmenge.The proportion of the combustion air which is blown in through the secondary air nozzles is preferably up to 90% of the total amount of air.
Es hat sich dabei als vorteilhaft erwiesen, daß die Sekundärluftdüsen in einem Winkel von bis zu 30°, vorzugsweise 10 - 25°, nach innen zur Achse des Brennerrohres angestellt sind. Eine derartige Anstellung bewirkt ein besonders günstiges Strömungsverhalten für eine stabile Flamme mit einer großen Rückführmenge von Verbrennungsprodukten.It has proven to be advantageous that the secondary air nozzles are set at an angle of up to 30 °, preferably 10-25 °, inwards to the axis of the burner tube. Such a setting causes a particularly favorable flow behavior for a stable flame with a large return quantity of combustion products.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen im einzelnen erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung des Heizkessels nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in Längsschnittdarstellung;
- Fig. 2
- die Einrichtung zur tangentialen Lufteinleitung in Querschnittsdarstellung entlang der Linie A-B in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3
- die Strömungsverhältnisse beim Einsatz eines Einsatzes der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in das Brennerrohr ohne gleichzeitige Verdrallung der Luft; und
- Fig. 4
- die Strömungsverhältnisse in einem Brennerrohr der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit Verdrallung der Verbrennungsluft.
- Fig. 1
- is a schematic representation of the boiler according to an embodiment of the invention in longitudinal section;
- Fig. 2
- the device for tangential air introduction in cross-sectional view along the line AB in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3
- the flow conditions when using an insert of the device according to the invention in the burner tube without simultaneous swirling of the air; and
- Fig. 4
- the flow conditions in a burner tube of the device according to the invention with swirl of the combustion air.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Das Brennerrohr 10 ist mit dem Abgasauslaß 22 auf der linken Seite und der Brennerdüse 12 auf der rechten Seite dargestellt. Die Zuführung des Brennstoffes erfolgt über die Brennstoffzuführung 13. In das Brennerrohr 10 ist der Einsatz 14 eingesetzt, wobei zwischen dem Einsatz 14 und dem Brennerrohr 10 ein Zwischenraum 16 zur Rückströmung der Verbrennungsprodukte freigelassen ist. Deutlich ist ein Abstand zwischen dem Einsatz 14 und dem dem Brenner zugewandten Ende des Brennerrohres zu erkennen. Verbrennungsluft wird tangential in die Luftzuführung 15 um den Brenner 12 herum und dann durch die konische Verengung 26 der Luftzuführung unter Drall in das Brennerrohr 10 eingeführt. Dieser Drall wird durch die Erweiterung 24 des hier zur Verfügung stehenden Raumes in dem Brennerrohr 10 bzw. in dem Einsatz 14 überkritisch, so daß sich eine zentrale Rückströmung ausbilden kann. Damit diese Rückströmung sich nicht bis in die Luftzuführung 15 hinein erstreckt, ist um die Brennerdüse 12 herum die Außenwand 28 mit einer Abschlußfläche 30 versehen, die dazu dient, diese Strömungsverhältnisse zu begrenzen.The device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1. The
Weiter sind Sekundärluftdüsen 20 vorgesehen, die in etwa mit dem Brenner abschließen. Sie können - gegebenenfalls variabel - mit bis zu einem Winkel von ca. 30° nach innen geneigt angeordnet sein und dienen zum einen dazu, die Verwirbelung und Vermischung zu unterstützen, und zum anderen dazu, die abgasrückführende Strömung durch den Unterdruck, den sie hinter sich erzeugen, zu verstärken.
Der Einsatz 14 wird nach der Erfindung einen Durchmesser von ca. 80 % des Gesamtbrennerrohrdurchmessers besitzen. Seine Länge wird 20 bis 70 % der Brennerrohrlänge ausmachen. Die Temperatur der Verbrennung wird mit diesen Maßnahmen von ca. 1600°C auf 1300°C herabgesetzt werden können. Die Verweilzeit im Bereich sehr hoher Temperaturen wird ebenfalls herabgesetzt. Insgesamt kann eine Reduktion um bis zu 50 % der NOx-Konzentration bei Öl und bis zu 75% bei Erdgas erreicht werden. Im Brennerrohr 10 selbst wird die Geschwindigkeit der Gase klein sein, daher wird der Luftdruckwiderstand nicht unnötig erhöht.The
In der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Einrichtung 18 zur tangentialen Lufteinleitung ist ein Schieber 32 mit einer runden Abschlußkante 34 dargestellt, der dazu dient, die Tangentialgeschwindigkeitskomponente der Luft bei gleichen Volumenströmen variieren zu können (Drallverstellung).In the
In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist schematisch verdeutlicht, auf welche Weise die Verdrallung der zugeführten Verbrennungsluft zu verbesserter Rückführung von Verbrennungsprodukten und zu besserer Durchmischung führt.3 and 4 schematically illustrate how the swirl of the supplied combustion air leads to improved recirculation of combustion products and better mixing.
Durch die optimale Durchmischung kann mehr Inertgas zugeführt werden und die Verbrennungstemperatur weiter gesenkt werden, ohne daß es zu unvollkommener Verbrennung kommt.Thanks to the optimal mixing, more inert gas can be added and the combustion temperature can be further reduced without incomplete combustion occurring.
- 1010th
- BrennerrohrBurner tube
- 1212th
- BrennerdüseBurner nozzle
- 1313
- BrennstoffzuführungFuel supply
- 1414
- Einsatzcommitment
- 1515
- VerbrennungsluftzuführungCombustion air supply
- 1616
- ZwischenraumSpace
- 1818th
- Einrichtung zur tangentialen LufteinleitungDevice for tangential air introduction
- 2020th
- SekundärluftdüsenSecondary air nozzles
- 2222
- AbgasauslaßExhaust outlet
- 2424th
- Erweiterungextension
- 2626
- VerengungNarrowing
- 2828
- AußenwandOuter wall
- 3030th
- AbschlußflächeFinal area
- 3232
- SchieberSlider
- 3434
- AbschlußkanteTrailing edge
Claims (4)
- A device for burning flowable or gaseous fuels, comprising a burner nozzle (12) disposed in a burner tube (10), a means (13) for supplying fuel to the nozzle (12) of a means (15) for supplying air for combustion to the burner tube (10), the means (15) being disposed substantially around the means (13) for supplying fuel, and an insert (14) for returning combustion products to the combustion zone and disposed in the burner tube (10) at the burner end, the combustion products being recycled substantially in a space (16) between the insert (14) and the burner tube (10), characterised in that a means (18) is provided for tangential introduction of air into the combustion-air supply means (15) in order to generate a supercritical swirl flow at least inside the insert (14); in that additional secondary-air nozzles (20) are provided around the burner nozzle (12) and inject combustion air in a proportion high enough to generate a negative pressure behind it; and in that the insert (14) has a diameter of about 80% of the total burner-tube diameter and a length of 20 to 70% of the total burner-tube length.
- A device according to claim 1, characterised in that the secondary-air nozzles (20) are disposed at a variable angle, substantially relative to the axis of the burner tube (10).
- A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the proportion of air for combustion injected through the secondary air nozzles (20) is up to 90% of total amount of air.
- A device according to any of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that the secondary-air nozzles (20) are disposed at an angle of up to 30°, preferably 10 - 25°, inwards towards the axis of the burner tube (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4113412 | 1991-04-20 | ||
DE4113412A DE4113412C2 (en) | 1991-04-20 | 1991-04-20 | Device for burning liquid or gaseous fuel for a furnace |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0510783A2 EP0510783A2 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
EP0510783A3 EP0510783A3 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
EP0510783B1 true EP0510783B1 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
Family
ID=6430275
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92250087A Expired - Lifetime EP0510783B1 (en) | 1991-04-20 | 1992-04-16 | Device for the combustion of fluid or gaseous fuels |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0510783B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE143470T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4113412C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0510783T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2093771T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3022148T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4336095A1 (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1995-04-27 | Abb Research Ltd | Combustion method for atmospheric firings and device for carrying out the method |
SE9401044L (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-09-30 | K R Loqvist | Integrated turbulator |
US5813848A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-09-29 | Loqvist; Kaj-Ragnar | Device for boilers |
EP0864812A3 (en) * | 1997-03-12 | 1999-06-16 | A. Schwarz + Co. | Mixing device for gas and oil burner |
FI102987B (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-03-31 | Ecopower Tech Oy | ejector nozzle |
DE102006014110A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-04 | Eco Powerstar Gmbh | Fire tube construction for boiler, has multiple bodies arranged in fire tube-internal space, where each body exhibits secondary radiation surface for radiating internal surface of fire tube-housing with secondary radiation |
DE202007010480U1 (en) | 2006-08-24 | 2007-10-04 | Lbe Feuerungstechnik Gmbh | Radiant heater for heating an industrial furnace |
DE102009053379B4 (en) * | 2009-11-14 | 2021-02-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Exhaust system of an internal combustion engine with a burner |
EP2519770B1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | Hysytech S.r.l. | Burner and combustion device comprising said burner |
CN111392912A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-10 | 江苏暻慧诚环境工程有限公司 | Oil-based cutting waste liquid treatment and separation system and working method thereof |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB609135A (en) * | 1946-03-06 | 1948-09-27 | William Lelgemann | Improvements in or relating to fluid fuel burners |
CH327648A (en) * | 1953-11-06 | 1958-02-15 | Thermal Research & Engineering | Process for achieving combustion with high heat generation |
DE1177271B (en) * | 1955-01-11 | 1964-09-03 | Thermal Res & Engineering Corp | Liquid fuel burner |
GB1156918A (en) * | 1965-11-18 | 1969-07-02 | Colt Ventilation & Heating Ltd | Improvements relating to Burner Assemblies |
DE2059693A1 (en) * | 1970-12-04 | 1972-06-15 | Werner Pieper | Liquid fuel burners |
DE2165172A1 (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1972-07-27 | Schwermeaschinenbau Kom Ernst | Radiant heating tube for industrial furnaces |
BE795261A (en) * | 1972-02-10 | 1973-05-29 | Bailey Frank W | BLUE FLAME RETENTION CANNON BURNERS AND HEAT EXCHANGER SYSTEMS |
DE2700671C2 (en) * | 1977-01-08 | 1988-07-28 | Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln | Blue-burning oil burner |
DE2745488C2 (en) * | 1977-10-10 | 1986-04-30 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Process and device for the combustion of explosive gases |
CH678100A5 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-07-31 | Oertli Waermetechnik Ag |
-
1991
- 1991-04-20 DE DE4113412A patent/DE4113412C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-04-16 DK DK92250087.1T patent/DK0510783T3/en active
- 1992-04-16 ES ES92250087T patent/ES2093771T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-16 EP EP92250087A patent/EP0510783B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-04-16 DE DE59207218T patent/DE59207218D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-16 AT AT92250087T patent/ATE143470T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-12-23 GR GR960403611T patent/GR3022148T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0510783A2 (en) | 1992-10-28 |
DK0510783T3 (en) | 1997-03-17 |
EP0510783A3 (en) | 1993-04-07 |
DE4113412A1 (en) | 1992-10-22 |
DE4113412C2 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
ES2093771T3 (en) | 1997-01-01 |
GR3022148T3 (en) | 1997-03-31 |
ATE143470T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
DE59207218D1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
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