EP0509934B1 - Method for guiding a digging tool during the excavation of a trench wall, and digging tool to be used in the method - Google Patents

Method for guiding a digging tool during the excavation of a trench wall, and digging tool to be used in the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0509934B1
EP0509934B1 EP92401097A EP92401097A EP0509934B1 EP 0509934 B1 EP0509934 B1 EP 0509934B1 EP 92401097 A EP92401097 A EP 92401097A EP 92401097 A EP92401097 A EP 92401097A EP 0509934 B1 EP0509934 B1 EP 0509934B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guiding means
excavation
tool
guiding
excavation tool
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EP92401097A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0509934A1 (en
Inventor
Paul Dupeuble
Jacques Charlier
Jean-Claude Gessay
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Sondages Injections Forages SIF Enterprise Bachy
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Sondages Injections Forages SIF Enterprise Bachy
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts
    • E02F3/26—Safety or control devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/46—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor
    • E02F3/47—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor with grab buckets
    • E02F3/475—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with reciprocating digging or scraping elements moved by cables or hoisting ropes ; Drives or control devices therefor with grab buckets for making foundation slots

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for guiding the excavation tool used for the production of a wall molded into the ground, as well as a modified excavation tool useful for the implementation of this method.
  • the walls molded into the ground are executed by alternating or successive elementary panels.
  • the finished work is therefore made up of a succession of unitary panels which must be able to guarantee geometric continuity during execution.
  • two channels are used independently or jointly.
  • the first consists in giving to excavation tools (mechanical or hydraulic skips in the case of discontinuous excavation and extraction of spoil, or drum or chain cutters, or rotary cutters in the case of continuous excavation and extraction) a body of great slenderness and of section very close to the excavation section, so as to achieve, in conjunction with the lowering of the center of gravity, self-guidance on the excavation even during execution.
  • Control and correction devices can be incorporated into the excavation tools so as to more or less effectively correct any deviation from the theoretical trajectory.
  • the second consists in more or less effectively guiding the excavation tool on the previously executed panel.
  • the formwork put in place at the end of the panel before concreting is extracted like a sliding formwork before the complete setting of the concrete.
  • the vacuum thus created allows to ensure a certain guidance of the excavation tool when the next panel is executed.
  • European patent No. 0 101 350 describes a specific process for extracting the end formwork by lateral formwork which also makes it possible, at the same time, to effectively guide the excavation tool.
  • the guiding function of this device is subject to its simultaneous formwork, the primary object of the invention described.
  • this guiding method is basically based on the sliding of two elements one inside the other.
  • This system is therefore suitable in the case of the use of clamshell buckets as an excavation tool, but is less well suited in the case of the use of continuous excavation tools such as cutters and wall milling cutters.
  • the invention aims to provide a new method for guiding the excavation tool used for the production of a wall molded in the ground which makes it possible to avoid any discontinuity between the successive panels of a wall molded in the ground, while being simple to implement.
  • the guiding method of the invention is designed to avoid or overcome the difficulties caused by the invasion of the guiding means used by a hardenable material, such as concrete or cement laitance, an invasion which creates obstacles. hampering the proper functioning of said guide means. These obstacles are the cause of the practical failure of most of the sophisticated guidance systems that have been imagined in the past.
  • the first means integral with the excavation tool, consists of a vertical element, of generally planar shape, such as an iron or steel plate, and the second guide means , provided in a sacrificial element secured to the end of the previously executed panel or in a temporary formwork adjoining said end, consists of a groove or groove extending vertically over the height of said element or formwork and in the vicinity of the central part of this one.
  • the guide means consist of two vertical elements, of generally planar shape, spaced apart, parallel to each other, integral with the excavation tool, coming to engage, respectively, two grooves formed between the banks a sacrificial element secured to the end of the previously executed panel or a temporary formwork attached to it and the surrounding land.
  • the guide means used in the method of the invention make it possible to prevent the adjacent ends of two successive panels forming the diaphragm wall from diverging with respect to each other both in a direction transverse to the plane of the wall and in the very plane of the wall.
  • the method of the invention is particularly suitable for the case where the excavation tool is a continuous excavator comprising drums or cutting chains rotating in opposite directions.
  • the excavation tool is a continuous excavator comprising drums or cutting chains rotating in opposite directions.
  • it is in fact very easy to create a force tending to keep the guide means mutually engaged, by playing on the relative speeds of the drums or lifting chains, that is to say by making them rotate faster. or the drums or chains of hoisting generating, by friction against the ground, a force directed towards the wall panel previously produced.
  • the correct control of the excavation tool can be checked by means of inclinometers and possibly proximity switches installed in the excavation machine.
  • the invention also relates to an excavation device suitable for the implementation of the above-mentioned variant e) of the method of the invention.
  • This trench excavation device comprises an excavation tool of the chain or drum cutter type, comprising at least a first guide means characterized by at least one auxiliary tool fixed to the excavation tool and engaging in a guide groove or groove forming a second guide means cooperating with the first guide means of the excavation tool so that these two guide means can slide freely one inside the other, in order to eliminate there all obstacles, said first guide means being freely disengageable from said guide groove or groove over the entire length thereof.
  • the auxiliary tool can be as described in variant e) and can either be arranged below the guide means fixed to the excavation tool, or act as a guide means itself.
  • guide means consisting of one or two vertical elements, of generally planar shape, integral with the excavation tool , capable (s) of sliding in one or two stationary grooves
  • these guide means could be reversed.
  • the excavation tool could carry one or two elements forming groove (s) which can come to engage, in a sliding manner, on one or two rib (s) or rail (s) integral with the end of the previously executed panel or of a temporary formwork attached to said end and extending vertically over the height of said panel or formwork.
  • This usually metallic formwork is provided with a vertical groove 3 extending over its entire length and in the vicinity of its central part.
  • the excavation of the trench where the next panel will be molded is carried out using an excavation tool 4, such as a continuous excavation cutting machine, to which is fixed a metal plate 5 serving as a guide means .
  • This plate 5 is engaged in the groove 3 at the start of the excavation operation and slides there freely from top to bottom as the tool sinks into the ground, avoiding any transverse deviation of the tool compared to the formwork.
  • a force, oriented in the direction of arrow F is generated by appropriate control of the tool 4 and keeps the plate 5 engaged in the groove 4 during the excavation operation, thus avoiding any deviation. of the tool in the same plane of the trench in progress.
  • FIG. 2 shows a guidance mode similar to that of FIG. 1 except that recourse is had to an excavation tool 4 which comprises two guide plates 5 arranged laterally, engaged in two grooves 3 formed between the edges of the formwork and terrain 6 itself.
  • the plates 5 of the tool guide the latter by sliding in the grooves 3.
  • care is taken to generate a force F tending to press the tool against the formwork so as to maintain the plates 5 engaged in the grooves 3.
  • Figures 3 to 8 illustrate various means for preventing the invasion of the groove or grooves.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show the use of filling the groove or grooves with a material 7 of low mechanical strength, for example polyurethane foam, which can be easily destroyed and subsequently eliminated. This filling is carried out before placing the formwork 2 in the ground and concreting the panel 1 so as to avoid any invasion of the groove or grooves by a hardenable material capable of forming obstacles.
  • a material 7 of low mechanical strength for example polyurethane foam
  • Figure 4 shows the temporary obstruction by an inflatable tube 8 of a guide groove 3 of circular cross section.
  • the tube 8 is deflated and extracted from the groove before engagement of the guide plate secured to the excavation tool.
  • FIG. 5 shows the use of an extractable filling element 9, such as a metal plate, to temporarily close the groove and protect it from invasion.
  • This extractable element is forcibly extracted before engaging the guide plate fixed to the excavation tool in the groove.
  • Figure 6 shows the use of a seal plug 10 to seal the entry of the groove and prevent its invasion. This seal plug will be destroyed before engaging the guide plate in the groove.
  • FIG. 7 shows the use of a valve 11 fixed on the formwork, on one side only of the groove, to avoid the flooding of the groove. This valve will be moved aside by the guide plate as it slides in the groove.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the use of an inflatable element 12 and / or of an extractable element 13 for temporarily closing lateral grooves formed between a formwork and the ground (case of the embodiment of FIG. 2).
  • Figures 9 to 12 illustrate various means for destroying obstacles formed in the groove or grooves in the case where they have been allowed to be invaded, in order to make them suitable for their guiding function.
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b are elevation and plan views, respectively, showing the clearance of a groove of circular cross section invaded by hardened material, using a rotary drilling tool 14 used from the surface, before the installation of the excavation tool.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b are elevation and plan views, respectively showing the clearance of a groove of circular cross section invaded by hardened material, using a percussive drilling tool 15, such as a hammer downhole type, independent of the excavation tool but working at the same time as the excavation tool so as to clear the groove as and as the excavation tool sinks into the ground.
  • a percussive drilling tool 15 such as a hammer downhole type
  • Figures 11a and 11b are elevation and plan views, respectively, showing the clearance of a groove provided in the central part of a formwork and invaded by a hardened material, using a cutting chain 16 , mounted on the excavation tool at a level lower than that of the guide plate, which clears the groove as the excavation tool sinks into the ground.
  • the cutting chain can be driven by the same motor as that which actuates the excavation tool or by a different motor.
  • Figure 12 is a plan view showing the release of lateral grooves invaded by a hardened material using two chains 16 of cutting, similar to that of Figures 11a and 11b, but arranged on the sides of the tool excavation.
  • the two chains can be driven by a mechanism 17 driven by the same motor as that which actuates the excavation tool or by a different motor.
  • chains 16 can act as the first guide means so that the guide plates can be omitted.
  • cutting chains could be replaced by milling wheels.
  • cutting chains or milling wheels
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 could be used to destroy the fillings of weak resistance material described in connection with FIGS. 3 or 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for guiding the digging tool used to dig the trenches necessary for forming, by successive or alternate panels, a wall cast in the ground, characterised in that :   a) a digging tool (4) equipped with a first guiding means (5) is provided,   b) a second guiding means (3) is arranged at the end of a previously dug trench, which extends substantially over the whole depth of this trench; then   c) the guiding means are engaged after the panel (1) has been formed in the previously dug trench; and   d) the digging tool is controlled so as to create a force which tends to keep the guiding means mutually engaged while the next trench is being dug. <??>Use in the civil engineering field <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de guidage de l'outil d'excavation utilisé pour la réalisation d'une paroi moulée dans le sol, ainsi qu'un outil d'excavation modifié utile pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The invention relates to a method for guiding the excavation tool used for the production of a wall molded into the ground, as well as a modified excavation tool useful for the implementation of this method.

Les parois moulées dans le sol sont exécutées par panneaux élémentaires alternés ou successifs. L'ouvrage terminé est donc constitué d'une succession de panneaux unitaires dont il est impératif de pouvoir garantir la continuité géométrique en cours d'exécution.The walls molded into the ground are executed by alternating or successive elementary panels. The finished work is therefore made up of a succession of unitary panels which must be able to guarantee geometric continuity during execution.

Pour réaliser cette continuité géométrique d'exécution, deux voies sont utilisées indépendamment ou conjointement.To achieve this geometric continuity of execution, two channels are used independently or jointly.

La première consiste à donner aux outils d'excavation (bennes mécaniques ou hydrauliques dans le cas d'une excavation et extraction discontinues des déblais, ou haveuses à tambour ou à chaînes, ou fraises rotatives dans le cas d'une excavation et extraction continues) un corps de grand élancement et de section très voisine de la section d'excavation, de façon à réaliser, en conjugaison avec l'abaissement du centre de gravité, un auto-guidage sur l'excavation même en cours d'exécution. Des dispositifs de contrôle et de correction peuvent être incorporés aux outils d'excavation de façon à corriger plus ou moins efficacement une éventuelle déviation par rapport à la trajectoire théorique.The first consists in giving to excavation tools (mechanical or hydraulic skips in the case of discontinuous excavation and extraction of spoil, or drum or chain cutters, or rotary cutters in the case of continuous excavation and extraction) a body of great slenderness and of section very close to the excavation section, so as to achieve, in conjunction with the lowering of the center of gravity, self-guidance on the excavation even during execution. Control and correction devices can be incorporated into the excavation tools so as to more or less effectively correct any deviation from the theoretical trajectory.

La seconde consiste à guider plus ou moins effectivement l'outil d' excavation sur le panneau précédemment exécuté. Dans la méthode classique d'exécution de paroi très généralement utilisée le coffrage mis en place en extrémité de panneau avant bétonnage est extrait comme un coffrage glissant avant la prise complète du béton. Le vide ainsi ménagé permet d'assurer un certain guidage de l'outil d'excavation au moment de l'exécution du panneau suivant.The second consists in more or less effectively guiding the excavation tool on the previously executed panel. In the classic method of wall execution very generally used the formwork put in place at the end of the panel before concreting is extracted like a sliding formwork before the complete setting of the concrete. The vacuum thus created allows to ensure a certain guidance of the excavation tool when the next panel is executed.

Ces méthodes de guidage assez approximatives, ne sont acceptables que dans le cas de la réalisation de parois moulées de profondeur relativement faible.These fairly approximate guidance methods are only acceptable in the case of the production of diaphragm walls of relatively shallow depth.

Or, l'utilisation des parois moulées pour la réalisation d'ouvrages de Génie Civil à des profondeurs de plus en plus grandes (pouvant dépasser 100 mètres par exemple) et dans des terrains de plus en plus difficiles, a créé le besoin d'une technologie d'exécution permettant de garantir a priori la géométrie et la continuité des panneaux élémentaires constitutifs. Les solutions actuellement disponibles qui sont acceptables jusqu'à une certaine profondeur ne sont pas satisfaisantes pour des ouvrages plus profonds ou nécessitant un degré de sécurité plus élevé.However, the use of diaphragm walls for the realization of Civil Engineering works at increasingly greater depths (which can exceed 100 meters for example) and in increasingly difficult terrain, created the need for execution technology to guarantee a priori the geometry and continuity of the constituent elementary panels. The solutions currently available which are acceptable up to a certain depth are not satisfactory for structures that are deeper or require a higher degree of security.

Par ailleurs, le brevet européen No. 0 101 350 décrit un procédé spécifique d'extraction du coffrage d'extrémité par décoffrage latéral qui permet également d'assurer, en même temps, le guidage effectif de l'outil d'excavation. Mais la fonction guidage de ce dispositif est subordonnée à son décoffrage simultané, objet premier de l'invention décrite. En outre, ce procédé de guidage est basé fondamentalement sur le coulissement de deux éléments l'un dans l'autre. L'expérience montre que son fonctionnement correct, sans pour cela éviter complètement les risques de coincement et de blocage définitif, exige une mise en oeuvre dynamique, par exemple par mouvement de va-et-vient ou battage de l'outil d'excavation, étant données les conditions adverses que constitue le milieu fortement chargé en particules solides en suspension provenant du terrain, dans lequel baigne tout l'ensemble. Ce système convient donc bien dans le cas de l'utilisation de bennes preneuses comme outil d'excavation, mais est moins bien adapté dans le cas de l'emploi d'outils d'excavation en continu comme les haveuses et fraises de paroi.Furthermore, European patent No. 0 101 350 describes a specific process for extracting the end formwork by lateral formwork which also makes it possible, at the same time, to effectively guide the excavation tool. However, the guiding function of this device is subject to its simultaneous formwork, the primary object of the invention described. In addition, this guiding method is basically based on the sliding of two elements one inside the other. Experience shows that its correct operation, without completely avoiding the risks of jamming and final blocking, requires dynamic implementation, for example by reciprocating movement or threshing of the excavation tool, given the adverse conditions constituted by the environment heavily loaded with suspended solid particles from the ground, in which the whole is bathed. This system is therefore suitable in the case of the use of clamshell buckets as an excavation tool, but is less well suited in the case of the use of continuous excavation tools such as cutters and wall milling cutters.

Plus récemment, le demandeur a décrit dans EP-A-0 333 577 publiée le 20 Septembre 1989, un procédé de guidage de l'outil d'excavation utilisé pour la réalisation des tranchées nécessaires à la réalisation par panneaux successifs ou alternés d'une paroi moulée dans le sol et un dispositif d'excavation qui correspondent respectivement aux préambules des revendications indépendentes 1 et 9, l'outil d'excavation, comprend, en combinaison, un organe de guidage vertical s'étendant sur la hauteur de la tranchée à réaliser et solidaire d'un panneau de paroi adjacent précédemment réalisé ou d'un coffrage mis en place à l'extrémité du panneau adjacent précédemment réalisé, et des roues de guidage portées par l'outil d'excavation et roulant sur ledit organe de guidage. Cet état de la technique est caractérisé en ce que:

  • (i) ledit organe de guidage et lesdites roues de guidage sont conformés et disposés de façon que lesdites roues soient retenues par l'organe de guidage à l'encontre de toute force horizontale tendant à les séparer, et
  • (ii) lesdites roues sont profilées de façon à pouvoir détruire tout obstacle en béton ou coulis durci éventuellement présent sur ledit organe de guidage au fur et à mesure qu'elles roulent sur ledit organe. Bien que ce système constitue un progrès certain, il n'est pas d'une utilisation entièrement satisfaisante, en raison des blocages susceptibles de survenir en dépit des moyens prévus pour les éviter.
More recently, the applicant has described in EP-A-0 333 577 published on September 20, 1989, a method of guiding the excavation tool used for the realization of the trenches necessary for the realization by successive or alternating panels of a wall molded into the ground and an excavation device which respectively correspond to the preambles of independent claims 1 and 9, the excavation tool comprises, in combination, a vertical guide member extending over the height of the trench at make and integral with a previously made adjacent wall panel or with a formwork placed at the end of the previously made adjacent panel, and guide wheels carried by the excavation tool and rolling on said guide member . This state of the art is characterized in that:
  • (i) said guide member and said guide wheels are shaped and arranged so that said wheels are retained by the guide member against any horizontal force tending to separate them, and
  • (ii) said wheels are profiled so as to be able to destroy any concrete obstacle or hardened grout possibly present on said guide member as they roll on said member. Although this system constitutes definite progress, it is not entirely satisfactory in use, due to blockages which may occur despite the means provided to avoid them.

L'invention vise à fournir un nouveau procédé de guidage de l'outil d'excavation utilisé pour la réalisation d'une paroi moulée dans le sol qui permet d'éviter toute discontinuité entre les panneaux successifs d'une paroi moulée dans le sol, tout en étant simple à mettre en oeuvre.The invention aims to provide a new method for guiding the excavation tool used for the production of a wall molded in the ground which makes it possible to avoid any discontinuity between the successive panels of a wall molded in the ground, while being simple to implement.

En particulier, le procédé de guidage de l'invention est conçu pour éviter ou surmonter les difficultés engendrées par l'envahissement des moyens de guidage utilisés par un matériau durcissable, tel que du béton ou de la laitance de ciment, envahissement qui crée des obstacles entravant le bon fonctionnement desdits moyens de guidage. Ces obstacles sont la cause de l'échec pratique de la plupart des systèmes de guidage sophistiqués qui ont pu être imaginés dans le passé.In particular, the guiding method of the invention is designed to avoid or overcome the difficulties caused by the invasion of the guiding means used by a hardenable material, such as concrete or cement laitance, an invasion which creates obstacles. hampering the proper functioning of said guide means. These obstacles are the cause of the practical failure of most of the sophisticated guidance systems that have been imagined in the past.

L'invention concerne un procédé de guidage de l'outil d'excavation utilisé pour effectuer les tranchées nécessaires à la réalisation, par panneaux successifs ou alternés, d'une paroi moulée dans le sol, caractérisé en ce que :

  • a) on prévoit un outil d'excavation muni d'un premier moyen de guidage,
  • b) on ménage, à l'extrémité d'une tranchée précédemment exécutée, un deuxième moyen de guidage s'étendant sensiblement sur toute la profondeur de cette tranchée, lesdits premier et deuxième moyens de guidage étant tels que l'un desdits moyens puisse coulisser librement dans l'autre et qu'ils puissent être mutuellement engagés et désengagés librement sur toute la longueur du deuxième moyen de guidage ; puis
  • c) après réalisation du panneau dans la tranchée précédemment exécutée, on engage les moyens de guidage ; et
  • d) on pilote l'outil d'excavation de façon à engendrer une force tendant à maintenir mutuellement engagés les moyens de guidage pendant que l'on effectue l'excavation de la tranchée suivante.
The invention relates to a method for guiding the excavation tool used to make the trenches necessary for the production, by successive or alternating panels, of a wall molded into the ground, characterized in that:
  • a) an excavation tool provided with a first guide means is provided,
  • b) cleaning, at the end of a previously executed trench, a second guide means extending substantially over the entire depth of this trench, said first and second guide means being such that one of said means can slide freely in the other and that they can be mutually engaged and disengaged freely over the entire length of the second guide means; then
  • c) after completion of the panel in the previously executed trench, the guide means are engaged; and
  • d) the excavation tool is piloted so as to generate a force tending to keep the guide means mutually engaged while the excavation of the next trench is carried out.

Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre, le premier moyen, solidaire de l'outil d'excavation, consiste en un élément vertical, de forme générale plane, tel qu'une plaque de fer ou d'acier, et le deuxième moyen de guidage, prévu dans un élément sacrifié solidaire de l'extrémité du panneau précédemment exécuté ou dans un coffrage temporaire accolé à ladite extrémité, consiste en une rainure ou gorge s'étendant verticalement sur la hauteur dudit élément ou coffrage et au voisinage de la partie centrale de celui-ci.According to one embodiment, the first means, integral with the excavation tool, consists of a vertical element, of generally planar shape, such as an iron or steel plate, and the second guide means , provided in a sacrificial element secured to the end of the previously executed panel or in a temporary formwork adjoining said end, consists of a groove or groove extending vertically over the height of said element or formwork and in the vicinity of the central part of this one.

Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, les moyens de guidage consistent en deux éléments verticaux, de forme générale plane, espacés, parallèles entre eux, solidaires de l'outil d'excavation, venant engager, respectivement, deux rainures ménagées entre les rives d'un élément sacrifié solidaire de l'extrémité du panneau précédemment exécuté ou d'un coffrage temporaire accolé à celui-ci et le terrain avoisinant.According to another embodiment, the guide means consist of two vertical elements, of generally planar shape, spaced apart, parallel to each other, integral with the excavation tool, coming to engage, respectively, two grooves formed between the banks a sacrificial element secured to the end of the previously executed panel or a temporary formwork attached to it and the surrounding land.

Le deuxième moyen de guidage (rainure ou gorge), du fait qu'il est mis en place avant qu'on procède à la coulée du panneau précédent, se trouve exposé à un envahissement par un matériau durcissable tel que du béton ou de la laitance de ciment, susceptible de contourner l'élément sacrifié ou le coffrage, envahissement qui crée des obstructions plus ou moins localisées de ce deuxième moyen de guidage qui entraveraient ou empêcheraient le libre coulissement du premier moyen de guidage dans le deuxième. Il est donc indispensable :

  • soit s'opposer à tout éventuel envahissement de cette rainure par un matériau durcissable au moment du bétonnage du panneau précédent ;
  • soit pouvoir détruire les éventuels obstacles formés par le matériau durcissable ayant envahi la rainure au moment de l'exécution du panneau précédent et y ayant durci.
The second guide means (groove or groove), owing to the fact that it is put in place before the casting of the preceding panel, is exposed to invasion by a hardenable material such as concrete or laitance cement, capable of bypassing the sacrificed element or the formwork, invasion which creates more or less localized obstructions of this second guide means which would hinder or prevent the free sliding of the first guide means in the second. It is therefore essential:
  • either oppose any possible invasion of this groove by a hardenable material during the concreting of the previous panel;
  • or be able to destroy any obstacles formed by the hardenable material which invaded the groove at the time of the execution of the previous panel and which had hardened there.

Pour s'opposer à tout éventuel envahissement on peut réaliser une obturation de la rainure qui peut intéresser la plus grande partie de sa section ou seulement sa partie frontale située du côté du panneau à excaver isolant ainsi sa partie arrière vis-à-vis de tout envahissement. Ainsi, il est possible :

  • a) de remplir cette rainure avec un matériau faiblement résistant (tel qu'une mousse de ciment aérée, du polyuréthanne expansé, du fibro-ciment, par exemple) très facilement destructible par la suite ;
  • b) d'obturer provisoirement de façon réversible cette rainure,
    • soit au moyen d'un élément expansible (tube ou coffrage gonflable par exemple) venant s'appuyer après expansion sur les parois de façon à s'opposer à la pénétration de matériau étranger ;
    • soit au moyen d'un élément extractible (tube ou profilé par exemple) pouvant coulisser dans la rainure.

    Dans le premier cas, il suffit de dégonfler l'élément pour l'extraire sans avoir à exercer un effort de traction élevé. Dans le deuxième cas, il faudra extraire en force le tube ou profilé pour vaincre les frottements.
  • c) de "fermer" l'entrée de la rainure au moyen :
    • soit d'un joint "consommable" qui sera arraché ou détruit ensuite par le premier moyen de guidage au fur et à mesure de sa progression ;
    • soit d'un joint permanent qui sera soulevé, écarté ou comprimé par le premier moyen de guidage tel qu'un joint à lèvre, un joint en mousse, et....

    Pour détruire d'éventuels obstacles en matériau durci il est possible :
  • d) de nettoyer la rainure avant d'y introduire le moyen de guidage lié à l'outil d'excavation au moyen d'un outil de forage rotatif, percussif ou roto-percussif avec ou sans injection de fluide de circulation, ou d'un outil de lançage sous pression, introduit dans cette rainure jusqu'à la dégager sur sa hauteur ;
  • e) de nettoyer la rainure au fur et à mesure de la progression de l'outil d'excavation au moyen d'un outil auxiliaire (tel que roue de fraisage, chaîne de havage, outil percutant, outil rotatif, etc...) engagé dans la rainure et venant dégager le passage pour le moyen de guidage lié à l'outil d'excavation et situé au-dessus de lui. Dans ce dernier cas, l'outil d'élimination des obstacles peut :
    • soit circuler dans la rainure sans liaison mécanique directe avec l'outil d'excavation,
    • soit être solidaire de l'outil d'excavation.
To oppose any possible invasion it is possible to seal the groove which may be of interest most of its section or only its front part located on the side of the panel to be excavated thus isolating its rear part from any invasion. Thus, it is possible:
  • a) filling this groove with a weakly resistant material (such as aerated cement foam, expanded polyurethane, fiber cement, for example) very easily destructible thereafter;
  • b) provisionally reversibly closing this groove,
    • either by means of an expandable element (tube or inflatable formwork for example) coming to rest after expansion on the walls so as to oppose the penetration of foreign material;
    • either by means of an extractable element (tube or profile for example) which can slide in the groove.

    In the first case, it suffices to deflate the element to extract it without having to exert a high tensile force. In the second case, it will be necessary to forcefully extract the tube or profile to overcome friction.
  • c) to "close" the entry of the groove by:
    • either of a "consumable" seal which will be torn off or then destroyed by the first guide means as it progresses;
    • either a permanent seal which will be lifted, spread or compressed by the first guide means such as a lip seal, a foam seal, and ...

    To destroy possible obstacles made of hardened material it is possible:
  • d) cleaning the groove before introducing the guide means linked to the excavation tool by means of a rotary, percussive or roto-percussive drilling tool with or without injection of circulation fluid, or a pressurized launching tool, inserted into this groove until it clears its height;
  • e) cleaning the groove as the excavation tool progresses using an auxiliary tool (such as milling wheel, cutting chain, percussive tool, rotary tool, etc.) engaged in the groove and coming to clear the passage for the guide means linked to the excavation tool and located above it. In the latter case, the obstacle removal tool can:
    • either circulate in the groove without direct mechanical connection with the excavation tool,
    • either be secured to the excavation tool.

Les moyens de guidage utilisés dans le procédé de l'invention permettent d'éviter que les extrémités adjacentes de deux panneaux successifs formant la paroi moulée divergent l'une par rapport à l'autre tant dans une direction transversale au plan de la paroi que dans le plan même de la paroi.The guide means used in the method of the invention make it possible to prevent the adjacent ends of two successive panels forming the diaphragm wall from diverging with respect to each other both in a direction transverse to the plane of the wall and in the very plane of the wall.

Le procédé de l'invention convient particulièrement bien au cas où l'outil d'excavation est une excavatrice continue comprenant des tambours ou des chaînes de havage tournant en sens contraire. Avec une telle machine, il est en effet très facile de créer une force tendant à maintenir mutuellement engagés les moyens de guidage, en jouant sur les vitesses relatives des tambours ou chaînes de havage, c'est-à-dire en faisant tourner plus vite la ou les tambours ou chaînes de havage générant, par frottement contre le terrain, une force orientée vers le panneau de paroi précédemment réalisé.The method of the invention is particularly suitable for the case where the excavation tool is a continuous excavator comprising drums or cutting chains rotating in opposite directions. With such a machine, it is in fact very easy to create a force tending to keep the guide means mutually engaged, by playing on the relative speeds of the drums or lifting chains, that is to say by making them rotate faster. or the drums or chains of hoisting generating, by friction against the ground, a force directed towards the wall panel previously produced.

Un contrôle du pilotage correct de l'outil d'excavation peut se faire au moyen d'inclinomètres et éventuellement de détecteurs de proximité installés dans la machine d'excavation.The correct control of the excavation tool can be checked by means of inclinometers and possibly proximity switches installed in the excavation machine.

Dans le cas où l'outil d'excavation est une machine à excavation discontinue, du type à benne, le pilotage est plus délicat à assurer.In the case where the excavation tool is a discontinuous excavation machine, of the bucket type, piloting is more difficult to ensure.

On peut y arriver, cependant, en jouant sur l'excentrement du centre de gravité de la benne ou en venant chercher une réaction horizontale contre le terrain à l'extrémité de la tranchée en cours d'excavation opposée à celle du moyen de guidage lié à l'outil d'excavation.This can be done, however, by playing on the eccentricity of the center of gravity of the bucket or by picking up a horizontal reaction against the ground at the end of the trench being excavated opposite that of the guide means linked to the excavation tool.

L' invention concerne aussi un dispositif d'excavation convenant à la mise en oeuvre de la variante e) sus-mentionnée du procédé de l'invention. Ce dispositif d'excavation d'une tranchée comprend un outil d'excavation du type haveuse à chaîne ou à tambours, comprenant au moins un premier moyen de guidage caractérisé par au moins un outil auxiliaire fixé à l'outil d'excavation et engageable dans une rainure ou gorge de guidage formant un deuxième moyen de guidage coopérant avec le premier moyen de guidage de l'outil d'excavation pour que ces deux moyens de guidage puissent coulisser librement l'un dans l'autre, en vue d'y éliminer tous obstacles, ledit premier moyen de guidage étant librement désengageable de ladite rainure ou gorge de guidage sur toute la longueur de celle-ci.The invention also relates to an excavation device suitable for the implementation of the above-mentioned variant e) of the method of the invention. This trench excavation device comprises an excavation tool of the chain or drum cutter type, comprising at least a first guide means characterized by at least one auxiliary tool fixed to the excavation tool and engaging in a guide groove or groove forming a second guide means cooperating with the first guide means of the excavation tool so that these two guide means can slide freely one inside the other, in order to eliminate there all obstacles, said first guide means being freely disengageable from said guide groove or groove over the entire length thereof.

L'outil auxiliaire peut être tel que décrit dans la variante e) et peut être soit disposé au-dessous du moyen de guidage fixé à l'outil d'excavation, soit faire lui-même office de moyen de guidage.The auxiliary tool can be as described in variant e) and can either be arranged below the guide means fixed to the excavation tool, or act as a guide means itself.

Il convient de noter, enfin, que bien que l'on ait plus particulièrement décrit ci-dessus des moyens de guidage constitués d'un ou de deux éléments verticaux, de forme générale plane, solidaire(s) de l'outil d'excavation, capables(s) de coulisser dans une ou deux rainures stationnaires, ces moyens de guidage pourraient être intervertis. Autrement dit, l'outil d'excavation pourrait porter un ou deux éléments formant rainure(s) pouvant venir s'engager, de manière coulissante, sur une ou deux nervure(s) ou rail(s) solidaire(s) de l'extrémité du panneau précédemment exécuté ou d'un coffrage temporaire accolé à ladite extrémité et s'étendant verticalement sur la hauteur dudit panneau ou coffrage.It should be noted, finally, that although we have more particularly described above guide means consisting of one or two vertical elements, of generally planar shape, integral with the excavation tool , capable (s) of sliding in one or two stationary grooves, these guide means could be reversed. In other words, the excavation tool could carry one or two elements forming groove (s) which can come to engage, in a sliding manner, on one or two rib (s) or rail (s) integral with the end of the previously executed panel or of a temporary formwork attached to said end and extending vertically over the height of said panel or formwork.

Egalement, on pourrait remplacer l'élément vertical de forme générale plane utilisé comme l'un des moyens de guidage par une roulette ou un disque capable de rouler au fond d'une gorge en U, en V ou semi-circulaire constituant l'autre moyen de guidage.Also, one could replace the vertical element of generally flat shape used as one of the guide means by a roller or a disc capable of rolling at the bottom of a U, V or semi-circular groove constituting the other guide means.

La description qui va suivre, faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, fera bien comprendre l'invention. Sur les dessins :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en plan illustrant un mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de guidage de l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique en plan illustrant un autre mode de mise en oeuvre du procédé de guidage de l'invention ;
  • Les figures 3 à 8 sont des vues schématiques en plan illustrant divers moyens de protection de rainures de guidage contre l'envahissement par un matériau durcissable ;
  • Les figures 9 à 12 sont des vues schématiques en plan ou en élévation illustrant divers moyens de destruction de matériau ayant envahi la ou les rainures de guidage et ayant durci.
The following description, made with reference to the accompanying drawings, will make the invention easier to understand. In the drawings:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating an embodiment of the guiding method of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating another mode of implementation of the guiding method of the invention;
  • Figures 3 to 8 are schematic plan views illustrating various means of protecting guide grooves against invasion by a hardenable material;
  • Figures 9 to 12 are schematic plan or elevational views illustrating various means of destruction of material having invaded the guide groove or grooves and having hardened.

Sur la figure 1, on voit un panneau 1 précédemment moulé dans le sol après mise en place d'un coffrage profilé 2 d'extrémité.In Figure 1, we see a panel 1 previously molded in the ground after the installation of a profiled formwork 2 end.

Ce coffrage habituellement métallique est pourvu d'une rainure verticale 3 s'étendant sur toute sa longueur et au voisinage de sa partie centrale. L'excavation de la tranchée où sera moulé le panneau suivant est réalisée à l'aide d'un outil d'excavation 4, tel qu'une machine de havage à excavation continue, auquel est fixée une plaque métallique 5 servant de moyen de guidage. Cette plaque 5 est engagée dans la rainure 3 au début de l'opération d'excavation et y coulisse librement de haut en bas au fur et à mesure que l'outil s'enfonce dans le sol, évitant toute déviation transversale de l'outil par rapport au coffrage. Par ailleurs, une force, orientée dans le sens de la flèche F, est engendrée par un pilotage approprié de l'outil 4 et maintient la plaque 5 engagée dans la rainure 4 au cours de l'opération d'excavation, évitant ainsi toute déviation de l'outil dans le plan même de la tranchée en cours de réalisation.This usually metallic formwork is provided with a vertical groove 3 extending over its entire length and in the vicinity of its central part. The excavation of the trench where the next panel will be molded is carried out using an excavation tool 4, such as a continuous excavation cutting machine, to which is fixed a metal plate 5 serving as a guide means . This plate 5 is engaged in the groove 3 at the start of the excavation operation and slides there freely from top to bottom as the tool sinks into the ground, avoiding any transverse deviation of the tool compared to the formwork. Furthermore, a force, oriented in the direction of arrow F, is generated by appropriate control of the tool 4 and keeps the plate 5 engaged in the groove 4 during the excavation operation, thus avoiding any deviation. of the tool in the same plane of the trench in progress.

La figure 2 montre un mode de guidage analogue à celui de la figure 1 si ce n'est que l'on a recours à un outil d'excavation 4 qui comporte deux plaques de guidage 5 disposées latéralement, engagées dans deux rainures 3 ménagées entre les rives du coffrage et le terrain 6 lui-même. Au cours de l'excavation de la tranchée suivante, les plaques 5 de l'outil guident ce dernier en coulissant dans les rainures 3. Comme précédemment on veille à engendrer une force F tendant à plaquer l'outil contre le coffrage de façon à maintenir les plaques 5 engagées dans les rainures 3.FIG. 2 shows a guidance mode similar to that of FIG. 1 except that recourse is had to an excavation tool 4 which comprises two guide plates 5 arranged laterally, engaged in two grooves 3 formed between the edges of the formwork and terrain 6 itself. During the excavation of the next trench, the plates 5 of the tool guide the latter by sliding in the grooves 3. As before, care is taken to generate a force F tending to press the tool against the formwork so as to maintain the plates 5 engaged in the grooves 3.

Pour que le procédé de guidage de l'invention donne satisfaction, il faut soit éviter l'envahissement de la ou des rainure(s) par du béton ou de la laitance de ciment qui formerait des obstacles empêchant le libre coulissement des moyens de guidage l'un dans l'autre, soit laisser cet envahissement se produire mais détruire les obstacles formés dans la ou les rainures avant d'effectuer l'excavation de la tranchée suivante.In order for the guiding method of the invention to be satisfactory, it is necessary either to avoid the invasion of the groove (s) by concrete or slurry of cement which would form obstacles preventing the free sliding of the guiding means l 'In each other, either let this invasion occur but destroy the obstacles formed in the groove (s) before excavating the next trench.

Les figures 3 à 8 illustrent divers moyens permettant d'éviter l'envahissement de la ou des rainures.Figures 3 to 8 illustrate various means for preventing the invasion of the groove or grooves.

Les figures 3a et 3b montrent l'utilisation d'un remplissage de la ou des rainures par un matériau 7 de faible résistance mécanique, par exemple de la mousse de polyuréthane, qui pourra être facilement détruit et éliminé par la suite. Ce remplissage est effectué avant la mise en place du coffrage 2 dans le sol et bétonnage du panneau 1 de façon à éviter tout envahissement de la ou des rainures par un matériau durcissable capable de former des obstacles.Figures 3a and 3b show the use of filling the groove or grooves with a material 7 of low mechanical strength, for example polyurethane foam, which can be easily destroyed and subsequently eliminated. This filling is carried out before placing the formwork 2 in the ground and concreting the panel 1 so as to avoid any invasion of the groove or grooves by a hardenable material capable of forming obstacles.

La figure 4 montre l'obstruction temporaire par un tube gonflable 8 d'une rainure de guidage 3 à section transversale circulaire. Le tube 8 est dégonflé et extrait de la rainure avant engagement de la plaque de guidage solidaire de l'outil d'excavation.Figure 4 shows the temporary obstruction by an inflatable tube 8 of a guide groove 3 of circular cross section. The tube 8 is deflated and extracted from the groove before engagement of the guide plate secured to the excavation tool.

La figure 5 montre l'emploi d'un élément de remplissage extractible 9, tel qu'une plaque métallique, pour obturer temporairement la rainure et la protéger de tout envahissement. Cet élément extractible est extrait en force avant d'engager la plaque de guidage fixée à l'outil d'excavation dans la rainure.FIG. 5 shows the use of an extractable filling element 9, such as a metal plate, to temporarily close the groove and protect it from invasion. This extractable element is forcibly extracted before engaging the guide plate fixed to the excavation tool in the groove.

La figure 6 montre l'utilisation d'un bouchon-joint 10 pour obturer l'entrée de la rainure et éviter son envahissement. Ce bouchon-joint sera détruit avant d'engager la plaque de guidage dans la rainure.Figure 6 shows the use of a seal plug 10 to seal the entry of the groove and prevent its invasion. This seal plug will be destroyed before engaging the guide plate in the groove.

La figure 7 montre l'emploi d'un clapet 11 fixé sur le coffrage, d'un côté seulement de la rainure, pour éviter l'envahissement de la rainure. Ce clapet sera écarté par la plaque de guidage au fur et à mesure de son coulissement dans la rainure.FIG. 7 shows the use of a valve 11 fixed on the formwork, on one side only of the groove, to avoid the flooding of the groove. This valve will be moved aside by the guide plate as it slides in the groove.

La figure 8 illustre l'emploi d'un élément gonflable 12 et/ou d'un élément extractible 13 pour obturer temporairement des rainures latérales ménagées entre un coffrage et le terrain (cas du mode de mise en oeuvre de la figure 2).FIG. 8 illustrates the use of an inflatable element 12 and / or of an extractable element 13 for temporarily closing lateral grooves formed between a formwork and the ground (case of the embodiment of FIG. 2).

Les figures 9 à 12 illustrent divers moyens permettant de détruire des obstacles formés dans la ou les rainures dans le cas où on a laissé celles-ci être envahies, afin de la ou les rendre propres à leur fonction de guidage.Figures 9 to 12 illustrate various means for destroying obstacles formed in the groove or grooves in the case where they have been allowed to be invaded, in order to make them suitable for their guiding function.

Les figures 9a et 9b sont des vues en élévation et en plan, respectivement, montrant le dégagement d'une rainure à section transversale circulaire envahie par un matériau durci, à l'aide d'un outil de forage rotatif 14 mis en oeuvre depuis la surface, avant la mise en place de l'outil d'excavation.FIGS. 9a and 9b are elevation and plan views, respectively, showing the clearance of a groove of circular cross section invaded by hardened material, using a rotary drilling tool 14 used from the surface, before the installation of the excavation tool.

Les figures 10a et 10b sont des vues en élévation et en plan, respectivement montrant le dégagement d'une rainure à section transversale circulaire envahie par un matériau durci, à l'aide d'un outil de forage percussif 15, tel qu'un marteau de type fond de trou, indépendant de l'outil d'excavation mais travaillant en même temps que l'outil d'excavation de façon à dégager la rainure au fur et à mesure que l'outil d'excavation s'enfonce dans le sol.FIGS. 10a and 10b are elevation and plan views, respectively showing the clearance of a groove of circular cross section invaded by hardened material, using a percussive drilling tool 15, such as a hammer downhole type, independent of the excavation tool but working at the same time as the excavation tool so as to clear the groove as and as the excavation tool sinks into the ground.

Les figures 11a et 11b sont des vues en élévation et en plan, respectivement, montrant le dégagement d'une rainure prévue dans la partie centrale d'un coffrage et envahie par un matériau durci, à l'aide d'une chaîne de havage 16, montée sur l'outil d'excavation à un niveau inférieur à celui de la plaque de guidage, qui dégage la rainure au fur et à mesure que l'outil d'excavation s'enfonce dans le sol. La chaîne de havage peut être entraînée par le même moteur que celui qui actionne l'outil d'excavation ou par un moteur différent.Figures 11a and 11b are elevation and plan views, respectively, showing the clearance of a groove provided in the central part of a formwork and invaded by a hardened material, using a cutting chain 16 , mounted on the excavation tool at a level lower than that of the guide plate, which clears the groove as the excavation tool sinks into the ground. The cutting chain can be driven by the same motor as that which actuates the excavation tool or by a different motor.

La figure 12 est une vue en plan montrant le dégagement de rainures latérales envahies par un matériau durci à l'aide de deux chaînes 16 de havage, analogues à celle des figures 11a et 11b, mais disposées sur les flancs de l'outil d'excavation. Les deux chaînes peuvent être entraînées par un mécanisme 17 entraîné par le même moteur que celui qui actionne l'outil d'excavation ou par un moteur différent.Figure 12 is a plan view showing the release of lateral grooves invaded by a hardened material using two chains 16 of cutting, similar to that of Figures 11a and 11b, but arranged on the sides of the tool excavation. The two chains can be driven by a mechanism 17 driven by the same motor as that which actuates the excavation tool or by a different motor.

Il est à noter que les chaînes 16 peuvent faire office de premier moyen de guidage de sorte que les plaques de guidage peuvent être omises.It should be noted that the chains 16 can act as the first guide means so that the guide plates can be omitted.

Il est à noter également que les chaînes de havage pourraient être remplacées par des roues de fraisage.It should also be noted that the cutting chains could be replaced by milling wheels.

Au surplus, les chaînes de havage (ou les roues de fraisage) décrites à propos des figures 11 et 12 pourraient être utilisées pour détruire les remplissages de matière peu résistante décrits à propos des figures 3 ou 8.In addition, the cutting chains (or milling wheels) described in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12 could be used to destroy the fillings of weak resistance material described in connection with FIGS. 3 or 8.

Enfin, il convient de remarquer que le mode de mise en oeuvre ayant recours à deux rainures de guidage ménagées entre les rives du coffrage et le terrain peut permettre de faciliter l'extraction ultérieure du coffrage lorsqu'on emploie un coffrage du type décrit dans EP-A-0 101 350. En effet, lesdites rainures facilitent la circulation de l'outil de décoffrage utilisé conjointement avec ledit coffrage.Finally, it should be noted that the mode of implementation using two guide grooves formed between the edges of the formwork and the ground can facilitate the subsequent extraction of the formwork when using a formwork of the type described in EP -A-0 101 350. Indeed, said grooves facilitate the circulation of the formwork tool used in conjunction with said formwork.

Il va de soi que les modes de réalisation décrits ne sont que des exemples et qu'on pourrait les modifier notamment par substitution d'équivalents techniques sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.It goes without saying that the embodiments described are only examples and that they could be modified in particular by substitution of technical equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

  1. A process for guiding the excavation tool (4) used in order to execute the trenches necessary for the construction, by successive or alternating panels (1), of a wall cast in the ground, characterized in that :
    a) an excavation tool (4) fitted with a first guiding means (5) is provided,
    b) at the end of a previously executed trench, a second guiding means (3) is arranged extending substantially over the entire depth of this trench, said first (5) and second (3) guiding means being such that one of said means (5, 3) can slide freely in the other and that they can be mutually engaged and disengaged freely over the entire length of the second guiding means (3); and then
    c) after construction of the panel (1) in the previously executed trench, the guiding means (5, 3) are engaged; and
    d) the excavation tool (4) is controlled so as to create a force (F) tending to keep the guiding means (5, 3) mutually engaged while the excavation of the following trench is performed.
  2. A process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first guiding means (5), securely attached to the excavation tool (4), consists of a vertical member of flat general shape and the second guiding means (3), provided in a sacrificed member securely attached to the end of the previously executed panel (1) or in a temporary shuttering (2) joined to said end, consists of a slot or groove (3) extending vertically over the height of said member or shuttering (2) and in the vicinity of the central part of the latter.
  3. A process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guiding means (5, 3) consist of two vertical members, of flat general shape, spaced apart, parallel to one another, securely attached to the excavation tool, and coming to engage, respectively, in two slots provided between the edges of a sacrificed member securely attached to the end of the previously executed panel (1) or of a temporary shuttering (2) joined to the latter and the neighboring ground.
  4. A process according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, in addition, measures are taken in order to prevent an invasion of the slot or slots (3) by a setting material during the operations prior to the implementation of stage (d).
  5. A process according to Claim 4, characterized in that said measures consist a) in filling the slot or slots with a low-strength material; or else b) in closing the slot or slots temporarily and in a reversible manner; or else c) in closing the entry of the slot.
  6. A process according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, in addition, any possible obstacles formed by a setting material (7) having invaded the slot or slots and having hardened therein are disposed of before proceeding to the implementation of stage (d) or in the course of the latter.
  7. A process according to Claim 6, characterized in that the obstacles are disposed of simultaneously with the performing of stage (d).
  8. A process according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the excavation tool (4) is a continuous excavating machine comprising contra-rotating bull wheels or cutting chains.
  9. Device for excavating a trench comprising an excavation tool (4) of the cutting machine type with chains or with bull wheels, comprising at least one first guiding means (5) characterized by at least one auxiliary tool (14, 15, 16, 17) attached to said excavation tool (4) and engageable in a guiding slot or groove forming a second guiding means (3) cooperating with the first guiding means (5) of the excavation tool (4) so that these two guiding means (3, 5) can freely slide the one in the other in order to remove all obstacles therein, said first guiding means (5) being freely disengageable from said guiding slot or groove (3) over the entire length of the latter.
  10. Excavating device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the auxiliary tool (14, 15, 16, 17) is disposed underneath said guiding means (3).
  11. Excavating device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the auxiliary tool (14, 15, 16, 17) simultaneously serves as said guiding means (5, 3).
EP92401097A 1991-04-19 1992-04-17 Method for guiding a digging tool during the excavation of a trench wall, and digging tool to be used in the method Expired - Lifetime EP0509934B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9104847 1991-04-19
FR9104847A FR2675526A1 (en) 1991-04-19 1991-04-19 METHOD OF GUIDING THE EXCAVATION TOOL USED TO PRODUCE A GROUND MOLDED WALL, AND EXCAVATION TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0509934A1 EP0509934A1 (en) 1992-10-21
EP0509934B1 true EP0509934B1 (en) 1995-03-22

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US (1) US5263798A (en)
EP (1) EP0509934B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06316935A (en)
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AU (1) AU656368B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2066359A1 (en)
DE (2) DE509934T1 (en)
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US6503025B1 (en) * 2000-01-11 2003-01-07 Philip Glen Miller Precast concrete beam element and methods of making and installing same
US6671938B2 (en) 2000-12-27 2004-01-06 United Technologies Corporation Pneumatic press vane lift installation tool
US20060239782A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-26 Hunt Arthur V Methods and apparatuses for shaping concrete slab-on-ground foundations
EP2378002B1 (en) 2010-04-16 2013-07-17 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Machining device for producing vertical slits in the ground
IT1401736B1 (en) * 2010-07-19 2013-08-02 Soilmec Spa PERFORATION DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF DIAPHRAGM AND ITS METHOD.
GB201112136D0 (en) 2011-07-14 2011-08-31 Coupland John W Diaphragm wall apparatus and methods
GB201706643D0 (en) 2017-04-26 2017-06-07 Ccmj Systems Ltd Diaphragm walls
GB2571097B (en) 2018-02-15 2021-08-25 Ccmj Systems Ltd Shear key former apparatus and method(s)

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FR2531733A1 (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-02-17 Sif Entreprise Bachy METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING A FORMWORK IN THE CONTEXT OF PRODUCING A MOLDED WALL IN THE GROUND
US4861199A (en) * 1986-01-11 1989-08-29 Alfred Hackmack Slit trencher
US4909674A (en) * 1987-05-28 1990-03-20 Kajima Corporation Underground continuous impervious wall and method for installing same
FR2617881B1 (en) * 1987-07-10 1990-11-16 Spie Batignolles PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MOLDED WALL IN THE GROUND AND FORMWORK INTENDED IN PARTICULAR FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
FR2628772B1 (en) * 1988-03-18 1990-08-24 Sif Entreprise Bachy GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR THE EXCAVATION TOOL USED FOR MAKING A MOLDED WALL IN THE GROUND
US5056242A (en) * 1989-05-12 1991-10-15 Finic, B.V. Underground wall construction method and apparatus
FR2647828B1 (en) * 1989-06-06 1991-08-30 Soletanche METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TAKING OFF CONCRETE TO WHICH IT ADHESDS, AN END JOINT OF A WALL PANEL MOLDED IN THE GROUND

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GR930300042T1 (en) 1993-06-21
DE69201743T2 (en) 1995-07-13
AU656368B2 (en) 1995-02-02
US5263798A (en) 1993-11-23
ATE120248T1 (en) 1995-04-15
TW216812B (en) 1993-12-01
DE69201743D1 (en) 1995-04-27
FR2675526A1 (en) 1992-10-23
ES2039324T1 (en) 1993-10-01
DE509934T1 (en) 1993-06-09
JPH06316935A (en) 1994-11-15
EP0509934A1 (en) 1992-10-21
AU1491792A (en) 1992-10-22
CA2066359A1 (en) 1992-10-20

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