EP0500444B2 - Underground tubular structure - Google Patents

Underground tubular structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0500444B2
EP0500444B2 EP92400417A EP92400417A EP0500444B2 EP 0500444 B2 EP0500444 B2 EP 0500444B2 EP 92400417 A EP92400417 A EP 92400417A EP 92400417 A EP92400417 A EP 92400417A EP 0500444 B2 EP0500444 B2 EP 0500444B2
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Prior art keywords
walls
elements
tubular structure
supports
central
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0500444B1 (en
EP0500444A1 (en
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Marcel Matière
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/045Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a tubular structure buried by assembling longitudinal elements prefabricated and having a large width relative to its height, such a structure being able to have important dimensions, in particular, for the passage of two parallel traffic lanes road.
  • the invention is more particularly adapted to the realization of structures of rectangular section.
  • European patent EP 081.402 describes a process for producing tubular structures can have very large sections and consisting of adjacent sections each comprising, in a preferred embodiment, two side units with vertical side wall, placed on either side of a raft, and on which is placed a curved element in the shape of a vault. same for very large sections, such elements remain transportable if their width is limited to road gauge because they can be stacked, in the lengthwise, on a road trailer.
  • We must, however, have at least two molds, one for the side elements and one for the arch elements, and possibly a mold to strike it out.
  • each section of the duct consists of two elements, respectively a lower element forming a raft which is pulls up on its edges to provide two supports longitudinal and a top element in the form of vault resting by its lateral edges on said supports.
  • top shaped element of vo0te allows to carry on the sides a part of the efforts supported and, therefore, of reduce the thickness of the top wall.
  • the subject of the invention is a provision allowing to economically resolve the whole of these problems and realize structures large tubular, having a cross-section flattened, preferably rectangular, and formed elements of a single type, which can be produced in the same mold, such structures can be buried under an embankment for constitute, for example, underground passages for vehicles or very large nozzles dimensions for the passage of a river or the evacuation floods, for example in the event of a crossing of a valley by a highway or a lane railroad laid on an embankment.
  • the invention therefore relates to a tubular structure buried large, especially for the passage of two traffic lanes of vehicles, produced by assembling elements prefabricated longitudinal sections constituting adjacent sections placed end to end, each section consisting, in cross section, of two substantially identical molded elements, open box shape comprising a part flat central unit, two side walls and one wall central, substantially perpendicular to the part flat central, respectively a lower element resting on the ground by its central part and a returned upper element supported by ends of its side and center walls on the corresponding ends respectively of side and central walls of the lower element, so as to constitute three separate supports formed each of a pair of overlapping walls, the walls of two supports directly resting on one on the other and covering a fixed height, and the third support being associated with adjustment means at least temporary the height of the two overlapping walls, capable of ensuring distribution equal constraints applied on three supports depending on the loads applied, foreseeable deformations and settlements.
  • the means for adjusting the height of the third pair of walls include a support device intermediate, adjustable thickness, interposed between the opposite ends of said walls for the adjustment, at least temporarily, of the distance between these and the height of said third support.
  • Such devices can be of a type known used for the recovery in underpinning of foundations of a building and described for example in documents JP-A-60,119,827 or US-A-4,191,496.
  • each intermediate support device consists of at least one hydraulic cylinder or mechanical, with two moving parts axially with respect to each other and taking support respectively one on the lower element and the other on the upper element of the structure.
  • the two elements superimposed, respectively lower and upper have profiles substantially identical and are made of concrete in the same mold, and two of the longitudinal supports have ends with inverted profiles, respectively recessed and protruding, likely to commit one to the other to the installation of the element upper on the lower element, the ends in opposite constituting the third longitudinal support being symmetrical with respect to a median plane passing through the other two longitudinal supports.
  • At least one of the three longitudinal supports constituted by the superimposed side and central walls have an intermediate bar interposed between the ends of the corresponding walls, these last being shorter than the other two walls so as to leave between said ends when placing the elements, a space in which placed the bar, it having an equal height or slightly greater than that of said space, that is to say double the distance between the end of the wall and the plane passing through the lateral supports.
  • such an intermediate bar can be limited by two longitudinal edges convex profile, the end of the central wall having a corresponding concave longitudinal profile which allows to admit slight displacements or deformations of the two elements relative to each other, for example as a result of differential settlements.
  • Figure 1 which is not the invention, is a cross-sectional view of a structure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a mold for the production of an element.
  • Figure 3 is a detail view showing a variant.
  • Figure 4 is an elevational view, partially in longitudinal section, of a structure provided an adjustable intermediate support device.
  • Figures 5 and 6 are detailed views, in longitudinal section and in section respectively transverse of a variant of the support device intermediate.
  • Figure 7 shows, in perspective, another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 show still others embodiments of the central support.
  • Figure 10 shows a face structure upper inclined.
  • Figure 1 there is shown in section transverse, a structure comprising two adjoining sections for the passage of vehicles.
  • Structure 1 is placed on bottom 11, leveled and packed, with a trench 12 and covered with a embankment 13 which can be passed below a lane 14 of road traffic or rail.
  • Structure 1 can, as shown in Figure 1, use for passing vehicles or well of a river, for example in a valley, for the evacuation of floods.
  • Structure 1 is made up of elements reinforced concrete precast, made of industrialized and assembled on site, and includes, for each cross section, a pair of overlapping elements, respectively a lower element 2 and an upper element 2 '. These two elements have identical shapes, the element upper 2 'being simply returned before to be placed on the lower element 2.
  • Each element 2 is molded into a single part and has a flat central part 21 bordered on both sides by two side walls vertical 22, 23, and in the middle of which rises a central wall 24, the entire box thus having a double U section which opens upwards for the lower element 2 resting on the ground 11 by its base 21, and which opens towards the bottom for the upper element 2 'returned, and comprises therefore a flat central part 21 'bordered by two side walls 22 ', 23', and split in two by a central wall 24 '.
  • the two elements 2, 2 ' having sections identical, after flipping, the upper element 2 'rests by the ends 4', 3 ', of its walls side 23 ', 22', respectively on the ends 3, 4, side walls 22, 23, of the element lower 21, the central walls 24 ', 24, taking support one on the other by their ends 5 ', 5.
  • Each pair of superimposed elements 21, 21 ' therefore constitutes a section of gallery comprising two adjoining sections S1, S2, and, placing the one after the other, along a longitudinal axis x'x, a number of pairs of elements A, A '; B, B '; CC' ; ..., we can constitute a tubular structure comprising two adjoining sections S1, S2, and having a rectangular section whose width L can be large compared to height H and, for example, exceed double of it.
  • elements comprising a flat central part, two side walls and one central wall, and likely to constitute the element upper and lower element of a section double gallery.
  • the two superimposed elements 2 and 2 ' can be cast in the same mold 14, easy to design, and consists for example of a fixed base on which are fixed walls of formwork 15 making it possible to give element 2 the desired shape and dimensions, inserts 16 being provided for the shuttering of the ends 3, 4, 5, vertical walls 22, 23, 24.
  • the end 5 of the central wall 24 must be symmetrical with respect to the passing plane by the two lateral supports 3, 4.
  • the end 5 has a flat bearing face 50 which is placed in this plane.
  • the box is more rigid on its edges than in its central part and account must be taken of the loads transmitted by the embankment, overloads and, possibly differential settlements.
  • the invention provides various embodiments ensuring good distribution charges.
  • Figure 4 which is a longitudinal section a gallery made up of several adjacent cells A, A '; B, B '; CC' ; ..., shows such a mode particularly advantageous of the support central.
  • the central walls 24, 24 ', of the two elements 2, 2 ' have a slightly lower height to that of the side walls 22, 23, so that the ends 5, 5 ′ of the central walls 24, 24 ', are separated by a space e when the element upper 2 'is placed on the lower element 2.
  • recesses 51 are arranged along from the end 5 of the central wall 24 so as to form, when the upper element 2 ′ is turned over, a housing consisting of two recesses in opposite 51, 51 ', and in which a hydraulic cylinder 52, the two elements of which take support, in opposite directions, on the ends 5, 5 ', of the two walls 24, 24'.
  • the cylinders 52 thus constitute, between the walls central units 24, 24 ', of the two elements 2, 2', superimposed, an intermediate thickness support device adjustable which allows, after installing the element upper 2 'on the lower element 2, to act over the distance e between the ends 5, 5 ', central walls so as to modify the distribution constraints on the three supports 3, 4 '; 5.5 '; 4, 3 ', for example to ensure an even distribution or, if preferred, to increase the stresses applied on the central support when unloading lateral supports.
  • the intermediate support 5, 5 ' can be blocked in this position for example by interposing shims between the ends 5, 5 ', or, simply, by performing a concrete keying, the ends 5, 5 ', which can optionally be provided, as shown in Figure 5, of reinforcement 53 who are drowned in a mortar using suitable formwork elements.
  • the cylinders 52 can be removed.
  • This adjustment of the stress distribution on the three supports can be performed either at the installation of each cell, i.e. after several cells covering a significant length and possibly of the whole structure. For example, this adjustment can be made after completion of embankment 13 so as to take account of differential settlements that have occurred and, possibly correct them.
  • the intermediate support device can be achieved in different ways.
  • the cylinders 52 can be replaced by an elongated envelope inflatable 54 interposed between the ends 5, 5 ', and extending over almost the entire length of the central wall 24, 24 ′, leaving the remaining at both ends of parts 55, possibly fitted with pending fittings 53 which can be chocked and concreted after adjusting the height of the support, the inflatable envelope 54 then being removed and the corresponding space possibly concreted.
  • the intermediate supports 5, 5 ' are perfectly symmetrical and therefore allow to realize the two elements 2, 2 ', of each cell in a same mold.
  • FIG 7 another example of symmetrical intermediate support.
  • the central wall 24 is, on at least one part of its length, shorter than the walls side 22, 23.
  • the ends 5, 5', of the two central walls 24, 24 ' are separated by a space in which can be placed a bar intermediary 6 ensuring the transfer of efforts and height equal to that of said space, that is to say at double the distance between the end 5 of the wall central 24 and plane P passing through the supports side 3, 4.
  • the height of the bar 6 can also be a little bit higher so that after the installation, the central support is more loaded than the supports lateral.
  • the two longitudinal edges 61, 62 thereof have a transverse profile forming a projection 25 and engaging, when laying, in the 5, 5 'ends, walls 24, 24 ', these being provided with grooves 26 having a corresponding hollow profile.
  • the olive bar 6 can be oriented slightly compared to the two overlapping elements 2, 2 ', which allows to take into account displacements or deformations due, for example, to differential settlements and to avoid stress concentrations that could cause cracks.
  • cylinders constituting an intermediate support of adjustable height could be interposed between the ends side walls, the central support being fixed.
  • the end 5 of the wall central 24 could be provided with a lateral boss 27 giving it, in cross section, a profile in staircase. After turning, the two bosses side 27, 27 ', are placed on either side of the longitudinal median plane and engage one in the other by centering the 5 'end on the end 5 of the lower wall 24.
  • the bosses 27 can extend over the entire along the wall 24 or on part of it, alternately on either side of the median plane, which ensures a better centering effect.
  • the invention applies, in a way general, to the realization of large structures width relative to their height and having a flattened section but this is not necessarily rectangular.
  • elements 2 if it is preferable to give elements 2 a rectangular section, this could also be, for example, trapezoidal, the walls side 22, 23, being inclined relative to the background 21.
  • a strip damping in slightly compressible material for example neoprene or lead.
  • a tape can act as a seal against infiltration but also allows, when the central support 5, 5 ', is raised, to absorb the vibrations and remove the hard spots for 'them vehicles passing over the structure on a traffic lane 14 which, most often, is very close to the upper face 21 'of the structure 1.
  • the invention also allows, thanks to the use of two superimposed double U elements, possibly adapt the inclination of the face 21 'higher than that of track 14 passing above of structure 1. Indeed, if it is preferable that the underside 21 resting on the ground is although horizontal, we can however play on the relative heights of the lateral supports 3, 4 '; 4, 3 ', by slightly pivoting the upper element 2 ' around the central support 5, 5 ', which, as we have seen, was provided for this purpose. As shown in Figure 10, it suffices, for example, to give different heights at the cushioning strips 27 interposed between the two lateral supports so that the upper face 21 'is inclined by relative to the underside 21, this inclination corresponding to that of channel 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is an underground tubular structure (1) of large dimensions built by assembling superimposed prefabricated longitudinal elements (2, 2') each having the shape of a box of U-shaped cross section, the said elements being laid one over the other and one after the other along a longitudinal axis, then covered with backfill (13). Each prefabricated element (2) is divided by a central wall (24), the structure (1) thus consisting of two tubular sections (S1, S2) placed side by side, on either side of a partition consisting of the central walls (24, 24'), which are superimposed and aligned, of the two elements (2, 2') of each pair. The height of at least one of the lateral and central walls of at least one of the superimposed elements may be adjusted depending on the applied loads and expected deformations in such a way that, in service, the loads are equally distributed over the three supports. The invention applies particularly to the building of roadways under backfill. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention a pour objet une structure tubulaire enterrée réalisée par assemblage d'éléments longitudinaux préfabriqués et ayant une grande largeur par rapport à sa hauteur, une telle structure pouvant avoir des dimensions importantes, en particulier, pour le passage de deux voies parallèles de circulation routière.The subject of the invention is a tubular structure buried by assembling longitudinal elements prefabricated and having a large width relative to its height, such a structure being able to have important dimensions, in particular, for the passage of two parallel traffic lanes road.

L'invention est plus particulièrement adaptée à la réalisation de structures de section rectangulaire.The invention is more particularly adapted to the realization of structures of rectangular section.

On connaít différents procédés de réalisation de structures enterrées de grande section pour la circulation de fluides à grands débits, ou bien de passages souterrains servant, par exemple, à la circulation de personnes, de bétail ou de véhicules au-dessous d'une route ou d'une voie ferrée. Souvent, de tels passages sont enterrés sous une hauteur relativement peu importante et sont donc réalisés sur le fond d'une tranchée qui est ensuite remblayée.We know different production methods large section buried structures for the circulation of fluids at high flow rates, or underground passages used, for example, to movement of people, livestock or vehicles below a road or railroad. Often, such passages are buried under a relatively small height and are therefore made on the bottom of a trench which is then backfilled.

Le besoin en passages de ce type étant très important, notamment pour l'amélioration du réseau routier ou ferroviaire, on a été amené à développer des procédés industrialisés permettant de réduire les coûts et de diminuer très sensiblement le temps de pose. Dans ce but, l'inventeur a déjà proposé différents procédés de réalisation, à partir d'éléments longitudinaux préfabriqués, de structures enterrées sous remblai pouvant avoir des sections importantes.The need for passages of this type being very important, especially for improving the network road or rail, we were led to develop industrialized processes to reduce costs and very significantly decrease the exposure time. To this end, the inventor has already proposed different production methods, from prefabricated longitudinal elements, structures buried under backfill which may have sections important.

Le brevet européen EP 081.402, en particulier, décrit un procédé de réalisation de structures tubulaires pouvant avoir de très grandes sections et constituées de tronçons adjacents comprenant chacun, dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel, deux éléments de côté à paroi latérale verticale, placés de part et d'autre d'un radier, et sur lesquels est posé un élément incurvé en forme de voûte. Même pour de très grandes sections, de tels éléments restent transportables si leur largeur est limitée au gabarit routier car ils peuvent être empilés, dans le sens de la longueur, sur une remorque routière. On doit, cependant, disposer d'au moins deux moules, l'un pour les éléments de côté et l'autre pour les éléments de voûte, et éventuellement d'un moule pour le radier.European patent EP 081.402, in particular, describes a process for producing tubular structures can have very large sections and consisting of adjacent sections each comprising, in a preferred embodiment, two side units with vertical side wall, placed on either side of a raft, and on which is placed a curved element in the shape of a vault. same for very large sections, such elements remain transportable if their width is limited to road gauge because they can be stacked, in the lengthwise, on a road trailer. We must, however, have at least two molds, one for the side elements and one for the arch elements, and possibly a mold to strike it out.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation décrit dans le brevet européen 0188.487, chaque tronçon du conduit est constitué de deux éléments, respectivement un élément inférieur formant un radier qui se relève sur ses bords pour ménager deux appuis longitudinaux et un élément supérieur en forme de voûte reposant par ses bords latéraux sur lesdits appuis. Un tel procédé permet de réaliser économiquement soit des conduites de circulation d'un fluide éventuellement sous pression, soit des passages souterrains pour des piétons, du bétail ou même des véhicules.In another embodiment described in European patent 0188.487, each section of the duct consists of two elements, respectively a lower element forming a raft which is pulls up on its edges to provide two supports longitudinal and a top element in the form of vault resting by its lateral edges on said supports. Such a process makes it possible to carry out economically either circulation pipes of a fluid possibly under pressure, i.e. passages underground for pedestrians, livestock or even vehicles.

L'utilisation d'un élément supérieur en forme de vo0te permet de reporter sur les côtés une partie des efforts supportés et, par conséquent, de réduire l'épaisseur de la paroi supérieure. Toutefois, il en résulte une hauteur totale à la clé relativement importante par rapport à la largeur.The use of a top shaped element of vo0te allows to carry on the sides a part of the efforts supported and, therefore, of reduce the thickness of the top wall. However, this results in a total height relative to the key important compared to the width.

Or, dans certains cas, on doit limiter la hauteur du passage lorsque le niveau supérieur, par exemple celui d'une route ou d'une voie ferrée, est déterminé et que l'on ne veut pas descendre trop bas le niveau de la fouille, par exemple pour rester au-dessus de la nappe phréatique. Il peut être préférable, dans ce cas, d'utiliser des structures à section rectangulaire ou, en tous cas, dont la partie supérieure est relativement aplatie.However, in some cases, we must limit the height of passage when the upper level for example that of a road or a railway, is determined and you don't want to go down too low level of excavation, for example to stay above the water table. He can be better, in this case, to use structures with rectangular section or, in any case, part of which upper is relatively flat.

A cet effet, il est possible, par exemple, dans le cas du brevet EP 081.402, de remplacer l'élément de voûte par une dalle plane ou bien, dans le cas du brevet EP 188.487, de donner à l'élément supérieur la forme d'un caisson en U renversé comportant une partie centrale plane et deux ailes latérales prenant appui sur le radier.For this purpose, it is possible, for example, in in the case of patent EP 081.402, to replace the element vault by a flat slab or, in the case of patent EP 188,487, to give the element upper the shape of an inverted U-shaped box comprising a flat central part and two wings lateral bearing on the raft.

Cependant, lorsqu'il est constitué d'une dalle plane et à plus forte raison lorsqu'il présente une section rectangulaire, l'élément supérieur travaille à la flexion, puisque l'on ne bénéficie plus de l'effet de voûte et la partie centrale plane formant le plafond du conduit doit donc être renforcée. On est ainsi conduit à des épaisseurs et des ferraillages qui, pour de grandes sections, peuvent rendre les éléments intransportables. En pratique, il n'est guère possible de dépasser une largeur de quatre mètres qui correspond à celle d'une voie de circulation.However, when it consists of a slab and even more so when it presents a rectangular section, the upper element works at bending, since we no longer benefit from the effect arch and the flat central part forming the duct ceiling should therefore be reinforced. We are thus leads to thicknesses and reinforcements which, for large sections, can make the non-transportable items. In practice, it is hardly possible to exceed a width of four meters which corresponds to that of a traffic lane.

Par ailleurs, pour diminuer le coût des éléments préfabriqués, il est intéressant de les produire en série en différentes dimensions, et de donner aux éléments supérieurs et aux éléments inférieurs, des formes identiques de façon à les réaliser dans un même moule, les éléments supérieurs étant simplement retournés pour être posés sur les éléments inférieurs.Furthermore, to decrease the cost of the elements prefabricated, it is interesting to produce them in series in different dimensions, and to give to the upper elements and to the lower elements, identical shapes so as to make them in the same mold, the upper elements being simply turned over to be placed on the elements lower.

On avait déjà proposé, par exemple dans le document GB-A 476.316, de réaliser des conduits en béton à plusieurs sections accolées, constitués d'éléments préfabriqués en forme de U et munis de cloisons intermédiaires définissant des rainures parallèles, chaque élément pouvant être recouvert d'un même élément retourné de façon que les rainures superposées forment des canaux adjacents séparés par les cloisons intermédiaires.We had already proposed, for example in the document GB-A 476.316, to make conduits in concrete with several contiguous sections, made up prefabricated U-shaped elements of intermediate partitions defining grooves parallel, each element can be covered of the same element returned so that overlapping grooves form adjacent channels separated by the intermediate partitions.

Une telle disposition n'avait cependant été prévue que pour des conduits de faibles dimensions destinés au passage de câbles ou de canalisations, les éléments préfabriqués pouvant être simplement manipulés à la main. On pouvait difficilement imaginer que l'on pourrait réaliser d'une façon analogue des éléments de dimensions assez grandes pour constituer de véritables ouvrages d'art comme des passages inférieurs pour véhicules. Il faut, en effet, dans ce cas, que les éléments restent assez légers malgré leurs très grandes dimensions et puissent être manipulés et posés avec une grue.However, no such provision had been made. only for small conduits intended for the passage of cables or conduits, the prefabricated elements can be simply handled by hand. One could hardly imagine that we could achieve in a similar way fairly large elements to build real works of art like underpasses for vehicles. It is necessary, in effect, in this case, that the elements remain fairly light despite their very large dimensions and can be handled and installed with a crane.

L'invention a pour objet une disposition permettant de résoudre économiquement l'ensemble de ces problèmes et de réaliser des structures tubulaires de grandes dimensions, ayant une section aplatie, de préférence rectangulaire, et constituées d'éléments d'un seul type, pouvant être réalisés dans un même moule, de telles structures pouvant être enterrées sous un remblai pour constituer, par exemple, des passages souterrains pour véhicules ou bien des buses de très grandes dimensions pour le passage d'une rivière ou l'évacuation des crues, par exemple en cas de traversée d'une vallée par une autoroute ou une voie ferrée posée sur un remblai.The subject of the invention is a provision allowing to economically resolve the whole of these problems and realize structures large tubular, having a cross-section flattened, preferably rectangular, and formed elements of a single type, which can be produced in the same mold, such structures can be buried under an embankment for constitute, for example, underground passages for vehicles or very large nozzles dimensions for the passage of a river or the evacuation floods, for example in the event of a crossing of a valley by a highway or a lane railroad laid on an embankment.

Cependant, on s'est avisé que, dans le cas de structures enterrées de très grandes dimensions, l'utilisation d'éléments en caissons comportant deux appuis latéraux et un appui central posait des problèmes de répartition des charges entre les trois appuis qui pouvaient conduire à des fissures ou des ruptures d'un appui trop chargé, en particulier de l'appui central.However, it was noted that, in the case of very large buried structures, the use of elements in boxes comprising two lateral supports and a central support posed load distribution problems between three supports that could lead to cracks or ruptures of an overloaded support, in particular central support.

Pour résoudre de tels problèmes, qui étaient négligeables dans le cas des conduits connus de faibles dimensions, l'invention propose diverses solutions.To solve such problems, which were negligible in the case of known conduits small dimensions, the invention proposes various solutions.

L'invention concerne donc une structure tubulaire enterrée de grandes dimensions, en particulier pour le passage de deux voies de circulation de véhicules, réalisée par assemblage d'éléments longitudinaux préfabriqués constituant des tronçons adjacents placés bout à bout, chaque tronçon étant constitué, en section transversale, de deux éléments moulés sensiblement identiques, en forme de caisson ouvert comprenant une partie centrale plane, deux parois latérales et une paroi centrale, sensiblement perpendiculaires à la partie centrale plane, respectivement un élément inférieur reposant sur le sol par sa partie centrale et un élément supérieur retourné prenant appui par les extrémités de ses parois latérales et centrale sur les extrémités correspondantes respectivement des parois latérales et centrale de l'élément inférieur, de façon à constituer trois appuis écartés constitués chacun d'une paire de parois superposées, les parois de deux appuis reposant directement l'une sur l'autre et couvrant une hauteur fixe, et le troisième appui étant associé à des moyens de réglage au moins provisoire de la hauteur des deux parois superposées, susceptible d'assurer une répartition égale des contraintes appliquées sur les trois appuis en fonction des charges appliquées, des déformations prévisibles et des tassements.The invention therefore relates to a tubular structure buried large, especially for the passage of two traffic lanes of vehicles, produced by assembling elements prefabricated longitudinal sections constituting adjacent sections placed end to end, each section consisting, in cross section, of two substantially identical molded elements, open box shape comprising a part flat central unit, two side walls and one wall central, substantially perpendicular to the part flat central, respectively a lower element resting on the ground by its central part and a returned upper element supported by ends of its side and center walls on the corresponding ends respectively of side and central walls of the lower element, so as to constitute three separate supports formed each of a pair of overlapping walls, the walls of two supports directly resting on one on the other and covering a fixed height, and the third support being associated with adjustment means at least temporary the height of the two overlapping walls, capable of ensuring distribution equal constraints applied on three supports depending on the loads applied, foreseeable deformations and settlements.

De façon particulièrement avantageuse, les moyens de réglage de la hauteur de la troisième paire de parois comprennent un dispositif d'appui intermédiaire, d'épaisseur réglable, interposé entre les extrémités en vis-à-vis desdites parois pour le réglage, au moins provisoire, de la distance entre celles-ci et de la hauteur dudit troisième appui.Particularly advantageously, the means for adjusting the height of the third pair of walls include a support device intermediate, adjustable thickness, interposed between the opposite ends of said walls for the adjustment, at least temporarily, of the distance between these and the height of said third support.

De tels dispositifs peuvent être d'un type connu utilisés pour la reprise en sous-oeuvre des fondations d'un bâtiment et décrit par exemple dans les documents JP-A-60.119.827 ou US-A-4.191.496.Such devices can be of a type known used for the recovery in underpinning of foundations of a building and described for example in documents JP-A-60,119,827 or US-A-4,191,496.

De préférence, chaque dispositif d'appui intermédiaire est constitué d'au moins un vérin hydraulique ou mécanique, comportant deux parties mobiles axialement l'une par rapport à l'autre et prenant appui respectivement l'une sur l'élément inférieur et l'autre sur l'élément supérieur de la structure. Mais on peut aussi utiliser une enveloppe allongée gonflable s'étendant au moins sur une partie de la longueur du joint entre les extrémités en vis-à-vis des parois des deux éléments superposés.Preferably, each intermediate support device consists of at least one hydraulic cylinder or mechanical, with two moving parts axially with respect to each other and taking support respectively one on the lower element and the other on the upper element of the structure. But you can also use an elongated envelope inflatable extending at least over part of the length of the joint between the opposite ends of the walls of the two superimposed elements.

Grâce à de telles dispositions, après la pose des éléments supérieurs sur les éléments inférieurs, on peut régler la distance entre les extrémités en vis-à-vis des deux parois de façon à obtenir une répartition déterminée des pressions d'appui entre les trois appuis longitudinaux et, après assemblage des éléments, réalisation du remblai et stabilisation de l'ensemble du conduit et de la répartition des contraintes, on réalise un blocage définitif des extrémités en vis-à-vis de l'appui longitudinal de hauteur réglable et l'on retire le dispositif d'appui intermédiaire.Thanks to such arrangements, after installation upper elements on the lower elements, you can adjust the distance between the ends opposite the two walls so as to obtain a determined distribution of support pressures between the three longitudinal supports and, after assembly elements, realization of the embankment and stabilization of the entire duct and stress distribution, blocking is achieved final of the ends opposite the longitudinal support adjustable height and the device is removed intermediate support.

Selon une autre caractéristique également avantageuse, les deux éléments superposés, respectivement inférieur et supérieur, ont des profils sensiblement identiques et sont réalisés en béton dans un même moule, et deux des appuis longitudinaux ont des extrémités à profils inversés, respectivement en creux et en saillie, susceptibles de s'engager l'un dans l'autre à la pose de l'élément supérieur sur l'élément inférieur, les extrémités en vis-à-vis constituant le troisième appui longitudinal étant symétriques par rapport à un plan médian passant par les deux autres appuis longitudinaux. According to another characteristic also advantageous, the two elements superimposed, respectively lower and upper, have profiles substantially identical and are made of concrete in the same mold, and two of the longitudinal supports have ends with inverted profiles, respectively recessed and protruding, likely to commit one to the other to the installation of the element upper on the lower element, the ends in opposite constituting the third longitudinal support being symmetrical with respect to a median plane passing through the other two longitudinal supports.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, au moins l'un des trois appuis longitudinaux constitués par les parois latérales et centrales superposées comporte une barrette intermédiaire interposée entre les extrémités des parois correspondantes, ces dernières étant plus courtes que les deux autres parois de façon à laisser entre lesdites extrémités à la pose des éléments, un espace dans lequel est placée la barrette, celle-ci ayant une hauteur égale ou un peu supérieure à celle dudit espace, c'est-à-dire le double de la distance entre l'extrémité de la paroi et le plan passant par les appuis latéraux.In another embodiment, at least one of the three longitudinal supports constituted by the superimposed side and central walls have an intermediate bar interposed between the ends of the corresponding walls, these last being shorter than the other two walls so as to leave between said ends when placing the elements, a space in which placed the bar, it having an equal height or slightly greater than that of said space, that is to say double the distance between the end of the wall and the plane passing through the lateral supports.

De façon avantageuse, une telle barrette intermédiaire peut être limitée par deux bords longitudinaux à profil convexe, l'extrémité de la paroi centrale présentant un profil longitudinal concave correspondant ce qui permet, d'admettre de légers déplacements ou déformations des deux éléments l'un par rapport à l'autre, par exemple à la suite de tassements différentiels.Advantageously, such an intermediate bar can be limited by two longitudinal edges convex profile, the end of the central wall having a corresponding concave longitudinal profile which allows to admit slight displacements or deformations of the two elements relative to each other, for example as a result of differential settlements.

Mais l'invention présente également de nombreux autres avantages qui apparaítront dans la description qui va suivre.But the invention also has many other advantages that will appear in the description which follows.

La Figure 1, qui n'est pas l'invention, est une vue en coupe transversale d'une structure.Figure 1, which is not the invention, is a cross-sectional view of a structure.

La Figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un moule pour la réalisation d'un élément.Figure 2 is a schematic view of a mold for the production of an element.

La Figure 3 est une vue de détail montrant une variante de réalisation.Figure 3 is a detail view showing a variant.

La Figure 4 est une vue en élévation, partiellement en coupe longitudinale, d'une structure munie d'un dispositif d'appui intermédiaire réglable.Figure 4 is an elevational view, partially in longitudinal section, of a structure provided an adjustable intermediate support device.

Les Figures 5 et 6 sont des vues de détail, respectivement en coupe longitudinale et en coupe transversale d'une variante du dispositif d'appui intermédiaire.Figures 5 and 6 are detailed views, in longitudinal section and in section respectively transverse of a variant of the support device intermediate.

La Figure 7 montre, en perspective, un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 7 shows, in perspective, another embodiment of the invention.

Les Figures 8 et 9 montrent encore d'autres modes de réalisation de l'appui central.Figures 8 and 9 show still others embodiments of the central support.

La Figure 10 représente une structure à face supérieure inclinée.Figure 10 shows a face structure upper inclined.

Sur la Figure 1, on a représenté, en coupe transversale, une structure comportant deux sections accolées pour le passage de véhicules.In Figure 1, there is shown in section transverse, a structure comprising two adjoining sections for the passage of vehicles.

La structure 1 est posée sur le fond 11, aplani et tassé, d'une tranchée 12 et recouverte d'un remblai 13 sur lequel on peut faire passer au-dessous une voie 14 de circulation routière ou ferroviaire.Structure 1 is placed on bottom 11, leveled and packed, with a trench 12 and covered with a embankment 13 which can be passed below a lane 14 of road traffic or rail.

La structure 1 peut, comme on l'a représenté sur la Figure 1, servir au passage de véhicules ou bien d'une rivière, par exemple en vallée, pour l'évacuation de crues.Structure 1 can, as shown in Figure 1, use for passing vehicles or well of a river, for example in a valley, for the evacuation of floods.

La structure 1 est constituée à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé, réalisés de façon industrialisée et assemblés sur le site, et comprend, pour chaque section transversale, une paire d'éléments superposés, respectivement un élément inférieur 2 et un élément supérieur 2'. Ces deux éléments ont des formes identiques, l'élément supérieur 2' étant simplement retourné avant d'être posé sur l'élément inférieur 2.Structure 1 is made up of elements reinforced concrete precast, made of industrialized and assembled on site, and includes, for each cross section, a pair of overlapping elements, respectively a lower element 2 and an upper element 2 '. These two elements have identical shapes, the element upper 2 'being simply returned before to be placed on the lower element 2.

Chaque élément 2 est moulé en une seule pièce et comporte une partie centrale plane 21 bordée sur ses deux côtés de deux parois latérales verticales 22, 23, et dans le milieu de laquelle s'élève une paroi centrale 24, l'ensemble du caisson ayant ainsi une section en double U qui s'ouvre vers le haut pour l'élément inférieur 2 reposant sur le sol 11 par sa base 21, et qui s'ouvre vers le bas pour l'élément supérieur 2' retourné, et comporte donc une partie centrale plane 21' bordée de deux parois latérales 22', 23', et partagée en deux par une paroi centrale 24'.Each element 2 is molded into a single part and has a flat central part 21 bordered on both sides by two side walls vertical 22, 23, and in the middle of which rises a central wall 24, the entire box thus having a double U section which opens upwards for the lower element 2 resting on the ground 11 by its base 21, and which opens towards the bottom for the upper element 2 'returned, and comprises therefore a flat central part 21 'bordered by two side walls 22 ', 23', and split in two by a central wall 24 '.

Les deux éléments 2, 2', ayant des sections identiques, après retournement, l'élément supérieur 2' repose par les extrémités 4', 3', de ses parois latérales 23', 22', respectivement sur les extrémités 3, 4, des parois latérales 22, 23, de l'élément inférieur 21, les parois centrales 24', 24, prenant appui l'une sur l'autre par leurs extrémités 5',5.The two elements 2, 2 ', having sections identical, after flipping, the upper element 2 'rests by the ends 4', 3 ', of its walls side 23 ', 22', respectively on the ends 3, 4, side walls 22, 23, of the element lower 21, the central walls 24 ', 24, taking support one on the other by their ends 5 ', 5.

Chaque paire d'éléments superposés 21, 21', constitue donc un tronçon de galerie comportant deux sections accolées S1, S2, et, en plaçant les uns à la suite des autres, le long d'un axe longitudinal x'x, un certain nombre de paires d'éléments A, A'; B, B'; C, C' ; ..., on peut constituer une structure tubulaire comportant deux sections accolées S1, S2, et ayant une section rectangulaire dont la largeur L peut être importante par rapport à la hauteur H et, par exemple, dépasser le double de celle-ci.Each pair of superimposed elements 21, 21 ', therefore constitutes a section of gallery comprising two adjoining sections S1, S2, and, placing the one after the other, along a longitudinal axis x'x, a number of pairs of elements A, A '; B, B '; CC' ; ..., we can constitute a tubular structure comprising two adjoining sections S1, S2, and having a rectangular section whose width L can be large compared to height H and, for example, exceed double of it.

Pour une section de passage déterminée, nécessaire, par exemple, pour assurer un certain débit dans le cas d'une conduite de transport de fluide, il est possible de réduire la hauteur H de la structure.For a determined passage section, necessary, for example, to ensure a certain flow in the case of a transport line fluid, it is possible to reduce the height H of the structure.

On peut ainsi faire passer deux voies de circulation séparées sous une autoroute ou une voie ferrée en réduisant au minimum la hauteur H' de la tranchée tout limitant la portée entre appuis des parties planes 21' à la valeur juste nécessaire pour le passage d'une voie, c'est-à-dire ne dépassant pas quatre mètres.We can thus pass two traffic lanes separated under a highway or lane railroad minimizing the height H 'of the trench while limiting the range between supports flat parts 21 'at the fair value necessary for the passage of a lane, i.e. not exceeding not four meters.

Ainsi, il est possible de réaliser dans un moule unique, comme on l'a représenté très schématiquement sur la Figure 2, des éléments comportant une partie centrale plane, deux parois latérales et une paroi centrale, et susceptible de constituer l'élément supérieur et l'élément inférieur d'un tronçon de galerie double.Thus, it is possible to make in a mold unique, as shown very schematically in FIG. 2, elements comprising a flat central part, two side walls and one central wall, and likely to constitute the element upper and lower element of a section double gallery.

Pour assurer le centrage l'un sur l'autre des deux éléments superposés, il est avantageux de ménager sur les extrémités 3, 4, des parois latérales 22, 23, des parties, respectivement en creux et en saillie, par exemple un bossage longitudinal 31 et une rainure 41 de formes correspondantes, dont la disposition est inversée sur l'élément retourné, et qui peuvent donc s'engager l'une dans l'autre à la façon d'un emboítement à tenon et mortaise. Il est préférable, cependant, de laisser, entre les parties emboítées 31, 41, un certain jeu qui permet les déformations des éléments sous l'action des charges appliquées, les deux appuis extrêmes 3, 4' et 4, 3', pouvant admettre de légers pivotements autour d'axes horizontaux.To ensure centering one on the other of two superimposed elements, it is advantageous to provide side walls 3, 4 22, 23, parts, respectively in hollow and protruding, for example a longitudinal boss 31 and a groove 41 of corresponding shapes, of which the layout is reversed on the returned item, and who can therefore commit to each other at the like a mortise and tenon socket. It is better, however, to leave, between the parties nested 31, 41, a certain play which allows them deformations of elements under the action of loads applied, the two extreme supports 3, 4 'and 4, 3 ', able to admit slight swiveling around horizontal axes.

Comme on l'a indiqué schématiquement sur la Figure 2, les deux éléments superposés 2 et 2' peuvent être coulés dans un même moule 14, facile à concevoir, et constitué par exemple d'une base fixe sur laquelle sont fixés des parois de coffrage 15 permettant de donner à l'élément 2 la forme et les dimensions voulues, des inserts 16 étant prévus pour le coffrage des extrémités 3, 4, 5, des parois verticales 22, 23, 24.As indicated schematically on the Figure 2, the two superimposed elements 2 and 2 ' can be cast in the same mold 14, easy to design, and consists for example of a fixed base on which are fixed walls of formwork 15 making it possible to give element 2 the desired shape and dimensions, inserts 16 being provided for the shuttering of the ends 3, 4, 5, vertical walls 22, 23, 24.

On notera, cependant, que, même en utilisant un moule unique 14, on peut admettre de légères différences entre les deux éléments superposés 2 et 2' dans la mesure où ces différences se traduisent par des modifications limitées du moule. Ainsi, dans l'exemple représenté sur la Figure 3, on a prévu, à la base de l'élément inférieur 2, un élargissement vers l'extérieur de la partie plane 21 qui permet d'augmenter la surface d'assise et peut être réalisé au moyen d'un simple coffrage auxiliaire.Note, however, that even when using a single mold 14, we can admit slight differences between the two overlapping elements 2 and 2 'insofar as these differences are reflected by limited mold modifications. So, in the example shown in Figure 3, we have provided, at the base of the lower element 2, a widening towards the outside of the flat part 21 which increases the seating area and can be made by means of a simple auxiliary formwork.

De même, il est possible, sans modification notable du moule, de faire varier les hauteurs h, h', de l'élément inférieur 2 et de l'élément supérieur 2'.Similarly, it is possible without modification notable of the mold, to vary the heights h, h ', lower element 2 and upper element 2 '.

Pour permettre le moulage des deux éléments superposés dans un même moule, ce dernier doit présenter une symétrie permettant le retournement. C'est pourquoi l'extrémité 5 de la paroi centrale 24 doit être symétrique par rapport au plan passant par les deux appuis latéraux 3, 4. Dans le mode de réalisation le plus simple représenté sur la Figure 1, l'extrémité 5 présente une face d'appui plane 50 qui est placée dans ce plan.To allow the molding of the two elements superimposed in the same mold, the latter must present a symmetry allowing the reversal. This is why the end 5 of the central wall 24 must be symmetrical with respect to the passing plane by the two lateral supports 3, 4. In the simplest embodiment shown in Figure 1, the end 5 has a flat bearing face 50 which is placed in this plane.

Si l'on se réfère à la Figure 1, on constate que, en service, les trois appuis 3, 4, 5, risquent de ne pas être chargés de la même façon. En particulier, le caisson est plus rigide sur ses bords que dans sa partie centrale et il faut tenir compte des charges transmises par le remblai, des surcharges et, éventuellement, des tassements différentiels.If we refer to Figure 1, we see that, in service, the three supports 3, 4, 5 may not not be charged the same way. In particular, the box is more rigid on its edges than in its central part and account must be taken of the loads transmitted by the embankment, overloads and, possibly differential settlements.

C'est pourquoi l'invention propose divers modes de réalisation permettant d'assurer la bonne répartition des charges.That is why the invention provides various embodiments ensuring good distribution charges.

La Figure 4, qui est une coupe longitudinale d'une galerie constituée de plusieurs cellules adjacentes A, A' ; B, B' ; C, C' ; ..., montre un tel mode de réalisation, particulièrement avantageux, de l'appui central.Figure 4, which is a longitudinal section a gallery made up of several adjacent cells A, A '; B, B '; CC' ; ..., shows such a mode particularly advantageous of the support central.

Comme on le voit, en effet, sur la cellule B, B', qui a été représentée en coupe par un plan longitudinal, les parois centrales 24, 24', des deux éléments 2, 2', ont une hauteur légèrement inférieure à celle des parois latérales 22, 23, de telle sorte que, les extrémités 5, 5' des parois centrales 24, 24', soient séparées par un espace e lorsque l'élément supérieur 2' est posé sur l'élément inférieur 2. En outre, des évidements 51 sont disposés le long de l'extrémité 5 de la paroi centrale 24 de façon à former, à la pose de l'élément supérieur 2' retourné, un logement constitué de deux évidements en vis-à-vis 51, 51', et dans lequel peut être placé un vérin hydraulique 52 dont les deux éléments prennent appui, en des sens opposés, sur les extrémités 5, 5', des deux parois 24, 24'.As we can see, in fact, on cell B, B ', which has been represented in section by a longitudinal plane, the central walls 24, 24 ', of the two elements 2, 2 ', have a slightly lower height to that of the side walls 22, 23, so that the ends 5, 5 ′ of the central walls 24, 24 ', are separated by a space e when the element upper 2 'is placed on the lower element 2. In addition, recesses 51 are arranged along from the end 5 of the central wall 24 so as to form, when the upper element 2 ′ is turned over, a housing consisting of two recesses in opposite 51, 51 ', and in which a hydraulic cylinder 52, the two elements of which take support, in opposite directions, on the ends 5, 5 ', of the two walls 24, 24'.

Selon la longueur d des éléments 2, on peut prévoir soit un seul vérin 52 placé dans le plan médian transversal de l'élément, soit plusieurs vérins répartis sur la longueur de la paroi 24.Depending on the length of elements 2, we can provide either a single cylinder 52 placed in the plane transverse median of the element, i.e. several cylinders distributed over the length of the wall 24.

Les vérins 52 constituent ainsi, entre les parois centrales 24, 24', des deux éléments 2, 2', superposés, un dispositif d'appui intermédiaire d'épaisseur réglable qui permet, après avoir posé l'élément supérieur 2' sur l'élément inférieur 2, d'agir sur la distance e entre les extrémités 5, 5', des parois centrales de façon à modifier la répartition des contraintes sur les trois appuis 3, 4' ; 5, 5' ; 4, 3', par exemple pour assurer une répartition égale ou bien, si on le préfère, pour augmenter les contraintes appliquées sur l'appui central en déchargeant les appuis latéraux.The cylinders 52 thus constitute, between the walls central units 24, 24 ', of the two elements 2, 2', superimposed, an intermediate thickness support device adjustable which allows, after installing the element upper 2 'on the lower element 2, to act over the distance e between the ends 5, 5 ', central walls so as to modify the distribution constraints on the three supports 3, 4 '; 5.5 '; 4, 3 ', for example to ensure an even distribution or, if preferred, to increase the stresses applied on the central support when unloading lateral supports.

Lorsque l'on a obtenu la répartition des efforts souhaitée, l'appui intermédiaire 5, 5', peut être bloqué dans cette position par exemple en interposant des cales entre les extrémités 5, 5', ou, simplement, en réalisant un clavage bétonné, les extrémités 5, 5', pouvant éventuellement être munies, comme représenté sur la Figure 5, d'armatures 53 qui sont noyées dans un mortier en utilisant des éléments de coffrage appropriés.When the distribution of forces has been obtained desired, the intermediate support 5, 5 ', can be blocked in this position for example by interposing shims between the ends 5, 5 ', or, simply, by performing a concrete keying, the ends 5, 5 ', which can optionally be provided, as shown in Figure 5, of reinforcement 53 who are drowned in a mortar using suitable formwork elements.

Après le calage ou le blocage, les vérins 52 peuvent être retirés.After setting or blocking, the cylinders 52 can be removed.

Ce réglage de la répartition des contraintes sur les trois appuis peut être effectué soit à la pose de chaque cellule, soit après la pose de plusieurs cellules couvrant une longueur notable et, éventuellement, de l'ensemble de la structure. Par exemple, on peut effectuer ce réglage après la réalisation du remblai 13 de façon à tenir compte des tassements différentiels qui sont intervenus et, éventuellement, à les corriger.This adjustment of the stress distribution on the three supports can be performed either at the installation of each cell, i.e. after several cells covering a significant length and possibly of the whole structure. For example, this adjustment can be made after completion of embankment 13 so as to take account of differential settlements that have occurred and, possibly correct them.

Le dispositif d'appui intermédiaire peut être réalisé de différentes façons. Par exemple, comme on l'a représenté dans les Figures 5 et 6, les vérins 52 peuvent être remplacés par une enveloppe allongée gonflable 54 interposée entre les extrémités 5, 5', et s'étendant sur presque toute la longueur de la paroi centrale 24, 24', en laissant subsister aux deux extrémités des parties 55, éventuellement munies d'armatures en attente 53 qui pourront être calées et bétonnées après réglage de la hauteur de l'appui, l'enveloppe gonflable 54 étant ensuite retirée et l'espace correspondant éventuellement bétonné.The intermediate support device can be achieved in different ways. For example, like we have shown in Figures 5 and 6, the cylinders 52 can be replaced by an elongated envelope inflatable 54 interposed between the ends 5, 5 ', and extending over almost the entire length of the central wall 24, 24 ′, leaving the remaining at both ends of parts 55, possibly fitted with pending fittings 53 which can be chocked and concreted after adjusting the height of the support, the inflatable envelope 54 then being removed and the corresponding space possibly concreted.

Dans les exemples qui viennent d'être décrits, les appuis intermédiaires 5, 5', sont parfaitement symétriques et permettent donc de réaliser les deux éléments 2, 2', de chaque cellule dans un même moule.In the examples just described, the intermediate supports 5, 5 ', are perfectly symmetrical and therefore allow to realize the two elements 2, 2 ', of each cell in a same mold.

Sur la Figure 7, on a représenté un autre exemple d'appui intermédiaire symétrique. Dans ce cas, la paroi centrale 24 est, sur au moins une partie de sa longueur, plus courte que les parois latérales 22, 23. Ainsi, lorsque les deux éléments 2, 2', sont superposés, les extrémités 5, 5', des deux parois centrales 24, 24', sont séparées par un espace dans lequel peut être placée une barrette intermédiaire 6 assurant le report des efforts et de hauteur égale à celle dudit espace, c'est-à-dire au double de la distance entre l'extrémité 5 de la paroi centrale 24 et le plan P passant par les appuis latéraux 3, 4. La hauteur de la barrette 6 peut aussi être un peu supérieure de façon que, après la pose, l'appui central soit plus chargé que les appuis latéraux.In Figure 7, another example of symmetrical intermediate support. In this case, the central wall 24 is, on at least one part of its length, shorter than the walls side 22, 23. Thus, when the two elements 2, 2 ', are superimposed, the ends 5, 5', of the two central walls 24, 24 ', are separated by a space in which can be placed a bar intermediary 6 ensuring the transfer of efforts and height equal to that of said space, that is to say at double the distance between the end 5 of the wall central 24 and plane P passing through the supports side 3, 4. The height of the bar 6 can also be a little bit higher so that after the installation, the central support is more loaded than the supports lateral.

Pour faciliter la mise en place de la barrette 6, les deux bords longitudinaux 61, 62, de celle-ci ont un profil transversal formant une saillie 25 et s'engagent, à la pose, dans les extrémités 5, 5', des parois 24, 24', celles-ci étant munies de rainures 26 présentant un profil en creux correspondant.To facilitate the installation of the bar 6, the two longitudinal edges 61, 62 thereof have a transverse profile forming a projection 25 and engaging, when laying, in the 5, 5 'ends, walls 24, 24 ', these being provided with grooves 26 having a corresponding hollow profile.

Dans le cas représenté sur la Figure 8, on donne à la barrette 6 une forme en olive limitée par deux bords longitudinaux 61, 62, ayant un profil circulaire convexe, les extrémités 5, 5', des parois centrales 24, 24', ayant un profil circulaire concave de même courbure.In the case shown in Figure 8, we gives the bar 6 an olive shape limited by two longitudinal edges 61, 62, having a profile circular convex, the ends 5, 5 ', of the walls central 24, 24 ', having a concave circular profile with the same curvature.

De la sorte, la barrette en olive 6 peut s'orienter légèrement par rapport aux deux éléments superposés 2, 2', ce qui permet de prendre en compte des déplacements ou des déformations dus, par exemple, à des tassements différentiels et d'éviter des concentrations de contraintes qui pourraient entraíner des fissurations.In this way, the olive bar 6 can be oriented slightly compared to the two overlapping elements 2, 2 ', which allows to take into account displacements or deformations due, for example, to differential settlements and to avoid stress concentrations that could cause cracks.

On voit que l'invention peut faire l'objet de nombreuses variantes et ne se limite pas seulement aux détails des modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits. We see that the invention can be the subject of many variations and is not limited only details of the embodiments which have just been described.

Par exemple, pour obtenir une bonne répartition des contraintes entre les appuis, les vérins constituant un appui intermédiaire de hauteur réglable pourraient être interposés entre les extrémités des parois latérales, l'appui central étant fixe.For example, to get a good distribution constraints between supports, cylinders constituting an intermediate support of adjustable height could be interposed between the ends side walls, the central support being fixed.

On pourrait aussi imaginer d'autres façons de réaliser un appui central intermédiaire présentant une symétrie permettant le retournement de l'élément préfabriqué. Par exemple, comme on l'a représenté sur la figure 9, l'extrémité 5 de la paroi centrale 24 pourrait être munie d'un bossage latéral 27 lui donnant, en section transversale, un profil en escalier. Après retournement, les deux bossages latéraux 27, 27', sont placés de part et d'autre du plan médian longitudinal et s'engagent l'un dans l'autre en assurant le centrage de l'extrémité 5' sur l'extrémité 5 de la paroi inférieure 24.We could also imagine other ways of perform an intermediate central support presenting symmetry allowing the element to be turned over prefabricated. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the end 5 of the wall central 24 could be provided with a lateral boss 27 giving it, in cross section, a profile in staircase. After turning, the two bosses side 27, 27 ', are placed on either side of the longitudinal median plane and engage one in the other by centering the 5 'end on the end 5 of the lower wall 24.

Les bossages 27 peuvent s'étendre sur tout le long de la paroi 24 ou bien sur une partie de celle-ci, alternativement de part et d'autre du plan médian, ce qui assure un meilleur effet de centrage.The bosses 27 can extend over the entire along the wall 24 or on part of it, alternately on either side of the median plane, which ensures a better centering effect.

Par ailleurs, l'invention s'applique, d'une façon générale, à la réalisation de structures de grande largeur par rapport à leur hauteur et présentant une section aplatie mais celle-ci n'est pas obligatoirement rectangulaire.Furthermore, the invention applies, in a way general, to the realization of large structures width relative to their height and having a flattened section but this is not necessarily rectangular.

C'est ainsi que, dans le cas de conduits de circulation de fluide, il serait intéressant de donner à chaque section de passage un profil arrondi dans les angles, comme on l'a représenté sur la Figure 1.This is how, in the case of conduits of circulation of fluid, it would be interesting to give at each passage section a rounded profile in the angles, as shown in Figure 1.

En outre, s'il est préférable de donner aux éléments 2 une section rectangulaire, celle-ci pourrait aussi être, par exemple, trapézoïdale, les parois latérales 22, 23, étant inclinées par rapport au fond 21.In addition, if it is preferable to give elements 2 a rectangular section, this could also be, for example, trapezoidal, the walls side 22, 23, being inclined relative to the background 21.

Il faut également noter que, si l'appui central 5, 5', est théoriquement placé dans le plan P passant par les deux appuis latéraux 3, 4' ; 4, 3', qui est, normalement, horizontal, cette disposition n'est pas impérative. Comme on l'a vu, en effet, il peut être intéressant de soulever légèrement l'appui central 5, 5', pour qu'il soit plus chargé et, même dans le cas où l'on ne dispose pas des vérins intermédiaires 52, il est possible d'obtenir un tel résultat en donnant simplement à la paroi centrale 24 une hauteur plus grande de façon que l'appui 5 se trouve un peu au-dessus du plan P passant par les appuis latéraux 3, 4.It should also be noted that, if the central support 5, 5 ', is theoretically placed in the passing plane P by the two lateral supports 3, 4 '; 4, 3 ', that is, normally, horizontal, this layout is not imperative. As we have seen, in fact, it can be interesting to slightly lift the central support 5, 5 ', so that it is more loaded and, even in the cases where intermediate cylinders are not available 52, it is possible to obtain such a result by simply giving the central wall 24 a greater height so that support 5 is located a little above the plane P passing through the lateral supports 3, 4.

On peut d'ailleurs interposer avantageusement entre les faces en appui l'une sur l'autre une bande d'amortissement en matière légèrement compressible, par exemple néoprène ou plomb. Une telle bande peut jouer le rôle d'un joint d'étanchéité contre les infiltrations mais permet aussi, lorsque l'appui central 5, 5', est surélevé, d'absorber les vibrations et de supprimer les points durs pour 'les véhicules passant au-dessus de la structure sur une voie de circulation 14 qui, le plus souvent, est très proche de la face supérieure 21' de la structure 1.We can also interpose advantageously between the faces bearing one on the other a strip damping in slightly compressible material, for example neoprene or lead. Such a tape can act as a seal against infiltration but also allows, when the central support 5, 5 ', is raised, to absorb the vibrations and remove the hard spots for 'them vehicles passing over the structure on a traffic lane 14 which, most often, is very close to the upper face 21 'of the structure 1.

L'invention permet d'ailleurs, grâce à l'utilisation de deux éléments en double U superposés, d'adapter éventuellement l'inclinaison de la face supérieure 21' à celle de la voie 14 passant au-dessus de la structure 1. En effet, s'il est préférable que la face inférieure 21 reposant sur le sol soit bien horizontale, on peut en revanche jouer sur les hauteurs relatives des appuis latéraux 3, 4'; 4, 3', en faisant pivoter légèrement l'élément supérieur 2' autour de l'appui central 5, 5', qui, comme on l'a vu, a été prévu à cet effet. Comme on l'a représenté sur la Figure 10, il suffit, par exemple, de donner des hauteurs différentes aux bandes d'amortissement 27 interposées entre les deux appuis latéraux pour que la face supérieure 21' soit inclinée par rapport à la face inférieure 21, cette inclinaison correspondant à celle de la voie 14.The invention also allows, thanks to the use of two superimposed double U elements, possibly adapt the inclination of the face 21 'higher than that of track 14 passing above of structure 1. Indeed, if it is preferable that the underside 21 resting on the ground is although horizontal, we can however play on the relative heights of the lateral supports 3, 4 '; 4, 3 ', by slightly pivoting the upper element 2 ' around the central support 5, 5 ', which, as we have seen, was provided for this purpose. As shown in Figure 10, it suffices, for example, to give different heights at the cushioning strips 27 interposed between the two lateral supports so that the upper face 21 'is inclined by relative to the underside 21, this inclination corresponding to that of channel 14.

Les signes de référence, insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications, ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières et n'en limitent aucunement la portée.The reference signs, inserted after the technical characteristics mentioned in the claims are intended only to facilitate the understanding and limiting them in no way the scope.

Claims (14)

  1. High size underground tubular structure, particularly for the passage of two vehicules traffic ways, made by assembling prefabricated longitudinal elements constituting adjacent sections located end to end, each section comprising in cross-section two substantially identical molded elements (2) (2') having the shape of an open box comprising a plane central part (21) (21'), two lateral walls (22, 23) (22', 23') and a central wall (24) (24') substantially perpendicular to the plane central part (21), respectively a lower element (2) bearing on the ground by its central part (21) and a turn over upper element (2') bearing by the ends (4', 3', 5') of its lateral walls (23', 22') and its central wall (24') on the corresponding ends (3, 4, 5) respectively of the lateral walls (22, 23) and central wall (24) of the lower element (2) in order to provide three spaced supports having each a pair of superposed walls, the walls of two supports (22, 23', 23, 22') bearing directly one on another and covering a fixed height and the third support (24, 24') cooperating with at least temporary adjusting means (52, 54, 6) of the height of the two superposed walls, liable to provide an equal distribution of the stresses induced on the three supports according to the applied loads, the foreseeable deformations and the settlings.
  2. Underground tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the height adjusting means of the third pair of walls (24, 24') comprise an intermediate support (52, 6) having an adjustable thickness interposed between the ends (5, 5') facing said walls (24, 24') in order to adjust at least temporary the length between said latter and the height of said third support.
  3. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that each pair of elements respectively upper (2') and lower (2) bearing one on another is associated with intermediate support (52) (6) interposed between the ends (5, 5') of the central walls (24, 24').
  4. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that each pair of elements, respectively upper (2') and lower (2) bearing one on another is associated with at least an intermediate bearing device (52) (6) interposed between the ends of a pair of lateral walls (22, 23) on one side of the structure (1).
  5. Underground tubular structure (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each intermediate bearing device comprises at least an hydraulic or mechanical jack (52) having two axially moveable parts one with respect to the another and bearing respectively one on the lower element (2) and the other on the upper element (2').
  6. Underground tubular structure (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each intermediate bearing device comprises an inflatable elongated jacket (54) extending at least on a part of the length of the joint between the ends (5, 5') facing the walls (24, 24') of the two superposed elements (2, 2').
  7. Underground tubular structure according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the intermediate bearing device (52, 6) is associated with final blocking means (53) of the ends (5, 5') facing the walls (24, 24') constituting the third support after adjustment of the height of said latter, the intermediate bearing device (52, 6) being removed after the blocking.
  8. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two elements, respectively lower (2) and upper (2') of each pair have substantially identical profiles and are made of concrete in the same mold, in that two of the longitudinal supports have ends (3, 4) with inverted hollow (31) and protruded (41) profile liable to engage one into another during the fitting of the upper element (2') upon the lower element (2) and in that the ends (5, 5') facing each other constituting the third longitudinal support are symetrical with respect to a plane (P) running through the two others longitudinal supports (3, 4' ; 4, 3').
  9. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of the three longitudinal supports (3, 3' ; 4, 4' ; 5, 5') constituted by the superposed central and lateral walls comprises an intermediate bar (6) interposed between the ends (5, 5') of the corresponding walls (24, 24'), said latter being shorter than the two others walls (22, 23) in order to provide between said ends (5, 5') during the fitting of the elements, a space in which is located the bar (6), said latter having a height at least equal to those of said space.
  10. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the intermediate bar (6) has a height slightly upper to the twice of the distance between the end (5) of the central wall and the plane (P) running through the lateral supports (3, 4).
  11. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the bar (6) is delimited by two longitudinal edges (61, 62) with convexe profile and in that the end (5) of the central wall (24) has a corresponding concave longitudinal profile in order to allow small displacements or deformations of the two elements (2, 2') one with respect to another.
  12. Underground tubular structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end (5) of the central wall (24) is located at a height slightly upper the level of plane P running through the two lateral supports in order that the central support (5, 5') is more loaded than the two lateral supports (3, 4') (4, 3').
  13. Underground tubular structure (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a strip (27) in a slightly compressible material is interposed between at least the lateral supports (3, 4') (4, 3').
  14. Underground tubular structure (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least by wedging, the two lateral supports (3, 4') (4, 3') have different heights in order that the central part (21') of the upper element (2') is slightly slanted with respect to the central part (21) of the lower element (2) bearing on the ground.
EP92400417A 1991-02-18 1992-02-17 Underground tubular structure Expired - Lifetime EP0500444B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9101908A FR2672937B1 (en) 1991-02-18 1991-02-18 UNDERGROUND TUBULAR STRUCTURE AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD.
FR9101908 1991-02-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0500444A1 EP0500444A1 (en) 1992-08-26
EP0500444B1 EP0500444B1 (en) 1995-07-19
EP0500444B2 true EP0500444B2 (en) 1998-04-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92400417A Expired - Lifetime EP0500444B2 (en) 1991-02-18 1992-02-17 Underground tubular structure

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EP (1) EP0500444B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE125322T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69203480D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2672937B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2775704B1 (en) 1998-03-09 2000-05-19 Matiere Soc Civ De Brevets CROSSING WORK UNDER FILL
FR2850984B1 (en) * 2003-02-06 2005-11-04 Quille Entreprise METHOD, APPARATUS AND ARTWORK FOR REALIZING A NEW CIRCULATION PATH UNDER AN EXISTING TRACK RUN BY A TALUS
WO2008077319A1 (en) * 2006-12-27 2008-07-03 Xinghua Ma Underground tunnel combined with ground road
CN104790968A (en) * 2015-04-03 2015-07-22 王燏斌 Modularized tunnel and establishing method thereof
CN108560583B (en) * 2018-04-09 2023-08-29 成都利拓重工机械有限公司 Cast-in-situ external mold device and movable support shield for urban pipe bag construction
CN109098182A (en) * 2018-09-04 2018-12-28 中电建南方建设投资有限公司 A kind of cap excavation method foundation pit stand construction method
CN109505308A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-22 中国十七冶集团有限公司 Underground pipe gallery, pipe trench concrete lateral pressure and the outer support soil body balance construction method
CN111251448A (en) * 2020-01-19 2020-06-09 上海建工四建集团有限公司 Pouring method of prefabricated tunnel structure
CN113585339A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-02 南京钜力智能制造技术研究院有限公司 Fabricated precast concrete pipe gallery for urban underground freight transport and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB476316A (en) * 1936-06-05 1937-12-06 William Herbert Smith Improvements relating to conduits for cables or pipes
US4191496A (en) * 1977-01-05 1980-03-04 Becker Robert F Gas-bag supported structural foundation
JPS60119827A (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-06-27 Natl House Ind Co Ltd Adjustment of height of foundation
FR2642110B1 (en) * 1989-01-20 1991-05-03 Matiere Marcel PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A BURIED CONDUIT

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0500444B1 (en) 1995-07-19
FR2672937A1 (en) 1992-08-21
EP0500444A1 (en) 1992-08-26
FR2672937B1 (en) 1997-12-05
DE69203480D1 (en) 1995-08-24
ATE125322T1 (en) 1995-08-15

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