EP0496199A1 - Palettes en carton ondulé et procédé pour leur fabrication - Google Patents
Palettes en carton ondulé et procédé pour leur fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0496199A1 EP0496199A1 EP92100104A EP92100104A EP0496199A1 EP 0496199 A1 EP0496199 A1 EP 0496199A1 EP 92100104 A EP92100104 A EP 92100104A EP 92100104 A EP92100104 A EP 92100104A EP 0496199 A1 EP0496199 A1 EP 0496199A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flaps
- blanks
- pallet
- corrugated cardboard
- folded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
- B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
- B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
- B65D19/002—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
- B65D19/0024—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
- B65D19/0028—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00019—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00044—Combination, e.g. different elements made of different materials, laminates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00009—Materials
- B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
- B65D2519/00054—Paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
- B65D2519/00273—Overall construction of the pallet made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
- B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
- B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
- B65D2519/00338—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
- B65D2519/00398—Overall construction reinforcements
- B65D2519/00432—Non-integral, e.g. inserts
- B65D2519/00442—Non-integral, e.g. inserts on the base surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
- B65D2519/00547—Connections
- B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
- B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
- B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a support for handling loads of the type known as pallet or portable platform, made of corrugated cardboard, as well as a process for the production thereof.
- Pallets of corrugated board have been known for some time: these products have been developed to solve the problems arising in connection with wood pallets. In fact, though wood palletts were designed to be used for several times, today, due to logistic problems related to storage and recovery, they are generally used only once, thus leaving the problem of their disposal.
- An object of the present invention is therefore that of providing a pallet made of corrugated cardboard capable of solving the aforesaid problems of resistance and rigidity by way of a simple and economic structure.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a process to produce a cardboard pallet in an easy and economic way. Said objects are achieved by means of the present invention that concerns a pallet for handling loads, of the type consisting of a plurality of elements of corrugated cardboard, characterized in that it comprises two or more superimposed blanks of corrugated cardboard, each blank being provided with a plurality of die-cut flaps bent in a same direction substantially normal to the plane surface of said blanks, said flaps being positioned in correspondence to the flaps of the upper and/or lower blank and cooperating therewith and with a plurality of elements holding said folded flaps in position to form a plurality of supporting feet for the pallet, and in that the corrugations of the folded flaps cardboard are normal to the plane of said blanks.
- the invention also concerns a process for the production of a corrugated cardboard pallet or similar support for handling loads, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: die-cutting a plurality of blanks of corrugated cardboard and providing on each blank a plurality of foldable flaps; superimposing at least two of said blanks, with said flaps at least partly overlapping each other; folding the flaps normally to said blanks plane, on the same side, the direction of each folded flap corrugation being normal to the plane of said blanks; applying a multiplicity of holding elements keeping said folded flaps normally to the blanks and forming a plurality of supporting feet for said pallets.
- the holding elements coooperating with the folded flaps to form the supporting feet of the pallet also serve as reinforcing elements and are consisted of cardboard boxes positioned inside and/or outside the projecting structure formed by the folded flaps.
- the size of the thus formed feet is larger than the average distance between the axes of two adjacent rollers in a known roller conveyor, thus enabling moving the pallet on said currently available roller conveyors, Said feet are moreover spaced from each other of a length sufficient to house the forks of pallets handling equipment.
- the feet are also dimensioned in a way that those of one pallet can be housed in the spaces provided for the above cited forks in a second -upturned-pallet and this in order to save space during transporation and storage, by suitably superimposing the formed pallets.
- Figure 1 shows two die-cut blanks, 1 and 2, of corrugated cardboard which are forming the surface or loading base of the pallet itself.
- Each blank is provided with a plurality of die-cut flaps 3 which, as shown in the following figures 2 and 3, once the pallet is formed, are folded in the same direction, forming a substantially right angle with the level of the relevant blank.
- flaps 3 are die-cut in a way that their free end 4 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the corrugation axis (i.e. to the axis of the wrinkles - or alternated ridges and grooves) of the relevant blank of corrugated cardboard, direction shown by arrow F in figures 1, 5 and 8.
- the corrugation of the folded flaps will thus result substantially perpendicular to the loading surface represented by blanks 1 and 2.
- the pallet resistance is furtherly increased by coupling the continuous cardboard blanks with their respective waves perpendicular to each other, as shown in figures 1 and 8.
- the flaps 3 are die-cut in couples on blanks 1 and 2 in a way that, when superimposing the two blanks, they are positioned in correspondence to each other and normal to one another.
- the free sides 4 of the flaps on one blank must be substantially perpendicular to the sides 4 of the flaps of the other, upper or lower, blank.
- the so folded flaps preferably provide a parallelepiped structure, as shown in figure 3 or, alternatively, a very slightly truncated-cone structure to allow at least part of a foot to be housed into the corresponding structure of the underlying pallet in a pile of superimposed pallets.
- FIG 6 are shown two blanks, 1a and 2a, of corrugated cardboard having "S" shaped flaps 3a.
- flaps 3a shape is the only difference from blanks 3 of previously disclosed figures 1-3: all other features are identical and apply to this embodiment and, namely, the perpendicularity requirements of free sides 4 of flaps 3a with respect to the corrugation axes are met.
- flaps 3 are provided with positioning elements to keep them in the desired position, namely perpendicular to the level of blanks 1 and 2. Said positioning elements may consist of small tongues 8 and slots 9 arranged in a complementary way on flaps 3 (figure 5), or alternatively of other elements designed for that purpose.
- the pallet supporting feet i.e. the projecting structures p formed by the folded flaps cooperate with a corresponding plurality of holding elements which also serve as strengthening elements.
- Said strengthening elements may be made of any material suitable therefor, but preferably consist of corrugated carboard boxes.
- Said boxes 5, 5' (fig. 2) are positionable inside and/or outside the projecting structure P formed by the folded flaps 3 and are preferably secured to said flaps and/or to the plane surface of the blanks, thus contributing to hold in position flaps 3 and to form the pallet supporting feet.
- Figure 5 shows a magnified perspective view, in partial section, of a finished pallet foot according to the invention.
- the supporting feet comprise four flaps 3 each, die-cut from two superimposed blanks 1 and 2, and folded downward of said blanks and forming a right angle therewith.
- the feet are also provided with a box 5 serving as holding and strengthening element, housed inside the structure formed by the folded flaps, and with a second box 5' positioned outside said flaps and having the same functions as box 5.
- FIG 8 is depicted an exploded view similar to above cited figure 5, the flaps 3a being the "S" shaped ones disclosed with reference to figure 6. Because of the shape of flaps 3a, each "wall" of structure P formed by the folded flaps has a missing area 9.
- the preferred arrangement shown in figure 8 provides for an alternated position of said area 9, i.e. a "flap 3a - area 9 - flap 3a - area 9" disposition.
- the other possible combination having two couples of flaps 3a adjacent and forming two corners, can be used.
- the corrugated cardboard from which blanks 1 and 2 are made is preferably of the double type, while the reinforcing elements, namely boxes 5 and 5,' are made of simple type corrugated cardboard.
- the size of the pallet supporting feet is greater than the distance between two adjacent rollers, that is, the distance between the axes of two adjacent rollers in a roller conveyor of the type currently used for handling loaded pallets, so as to ensure an easy moving on said conveyors of the pallets according to the invention.
- the feet height and their reciprocal arrangement are such as to allow the forks of pallet handling devices, such as transpallets and the like, to be housed therebetween, as well as to allow the feet of another pallet to be housed, updown, therebetween in a space-saving disposition, to facilitate the pallets transportation and storage.
- aforedescribed pallets takes place according to the following steps: at first a plurality of corrugated carboard blanks are die-cut providing a plurality of foldable flaps on each blank.
- the flaps are die-cut with their free side normal to the direction of the corrugation of its cardboard blank, so that once folded the direction of the corrugation is substantially parallel to that of the combined bending and compressing stresses, i.e. it is substantially perpendicular to the plane of blanks 1 and 2.
- the flaps are die-cut in opposed couples and two die-cut blanks are superimposed in which the overlapping flaps are perpendicular to each other.
- each foot will comprise four flaps cooperating with said holding-positioning and strengthening elements.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI910187A IT1248637B (it) | 1991-01-24 | 1991-01-24 | Pallet in cartone ondulato e procedimento per la sua realizzazione |
ITMI910187 | 1991-01-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0496199A1 true EP0496199A1 (fr) | 1992-07-29 |
Family
ID=11358268
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92100104A Withdrawn EP0496199A1 (fr) | 1991-01-24 | 1992-01-07 | Palettes en carton ondulé et procédé pour leur fabrication |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0496199A1 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1248637B (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9208962U1 (de) * | 1992-07-04 | 1992-09-10 | Zewawell Ag & Co Kg Pwa-Verpackungswerke, 6800 Mannheim | Palette aus Wellpappe mit Aufsatztrays und Einsatztrays |
FR2703327A1 (fr) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-07 | Laduranty Philippe | Palette de manutention en carton ondulé. |
FR2725179A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-03 | 1996-04-05 | Emin Leydier Emballages | Plots en carton pour la realisation d'une palette de manutention et palette ainsi obtenue |
EP0750568B1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1999-07-07 | BINI & C. S.r.l. | Procede et machine destines a la production d'une palette en carton |
WO2003082688A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-09 | Stephen Mulcahy | Ameliorations apportees a des palettes en carton ondule et relatives auxdites palettes |
KR20030078970A (ko) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-10-10 | 김성용 | 종이 파렛트 |
DE102016216024A1 (de) | 2016-03-28 | 2017-09-28 | Hans-Peter Stange | Objekt aus Pappe und Herstellungsverfahren |
EP3225563A2 (fr) | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-04 | Hans-Peter Stange | Objet en carton et procédé de fabrication |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1163135A (en) * | 1966-12-02 | 1969-09-04 | Alpha Containers Ltd | An Improved pallet for Serving as a Load Support. |
US4015544A (en) * | 1975-04-24 | 1977-04-05 | Richard X. Szatkowski | Disposable pallet |
GB1477137A (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1977-06-22 | Tri Corr Containers Ltd | Load-supporting platforms |
DE9106264U1 (de) * | 1991-05-22 | 1991-07-04 | Zewawell Ag & Co Kg Pwa-Verpackungswerke, 6800 Mannheim | Palette aus Wellpappe |
-
1991
- 1991-01-24 IT ITMI910187A patent/IT1248637B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1992
- 1992-01-07 EP EP92100104A patent/EP0496199A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1163135A (en) * | 1966-12-02 | 1969-09-04 | Alpha Containers Ltd | An Improved pallet for Serving as a Load Support. |
GB1477137A (en) * | 1974-05-07 | 1977-06-22 | Tri Corr Containers Ltd | Load-supporting platforms |
US4015544A (en) * | 1975-04-24 | 1977-04-05 | Richard X. Szatkowski | Disposable pallet |
DE9106264U1 (de) * | 1991-05-22 | 1991-07-04 | Zewawell Ag & Co Kg Pwa-Verpackungswerke, 6800 Mannheim | Palette aus Wellpappe |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9208962U1 (de) * | 1992-07-04 | 1992-09-10 | Zewawell Ag & Co Kg Pwa-Verpackungswerke, 6800 Mannheim | Palette aus Wellpappe mit Aufsatztrays und Einsatztrays |
FR2703327A1 (fr) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-07 | Laduranty Philippe | Palette de manutention en carton ondulé. |
EP0750568B1 (fr) * | 1994-03-18 | 1999-07-07 | BINI & C. S.r.l. | Procede et machine destines a la production d'une palette en carton |
FR2725179A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-03 | 1996-04-05 | Emin Leydier Emballages | Plots en carton pour la realisation d'une palette de manutention et palette ainsi obtenue |
KR20030078970A (ko) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-10-10 | 김성용 | 종이 파렛트 |
WO2003082688A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-09 | Stephen Mulcahy | Ameliorations apportees a des palettes en carton ondule et relatives auxdites palettes |
DE102016216024A1 (de) | 2016-03-28 | 2017-09-28 | Hans-Peter Stange | Objekt aus Pappe und Herstellungsverfahren |
EP3225563A2 (fr) | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-04 | Hans-Peter Stange | Objet en carton et procédé de fabrication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1248637B (it) | 1995-01-21 |
ITMI910187A1 (it) | 1992-07-24 |
ITMI910187A0 (it) | 1991-01-24 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19930114 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940331 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19941213 |