EP0493762B1 - Equilibrator device for a gun, especially a big calibre gun with a long barrel - Google Patents

Equilibrator device for a gun, especially a big calibre gun with a long barrel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0493762B1
EP0493762B1 EP91121939A EP91121939A EP0493762B1 EP 0493762 B1 EP0493762 B1 EP 0493762B1 EP 91121939 A EP91121939 A EP 91121939A EP 91121939 A EP91121939 A EP 91121939A EP 0493762 B1 EP0493762 B1 EP 0493762B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
setting
weapon
unbalance
control valve
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EP91121939A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0493762A3 (en
EP0493762A2 (en
Inventor
Ernst Tripp
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Wegmann and Co GmbH
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Wegmann and Co GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A27/00Gun mountings permitting traversing or elevating movement, e.g. gun carriages
    • F41A27/30Stabilisation or compensation systems, e.g. compensating for barrel weight or wind force on the barrel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an imbalance compensation device for a weapon, in particular a large-caliber weapon with a long barrel, with the features from the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such an unbalance compensation device is described, for example, in DE-B 1 097 319.
  • a roller chain serves as a flexible pulling element, and the curve segment that determines the effective power lever arm is provided with a toothing.
  • a tension spring connected on the one hand to the flexible tension element and on the other hand to the fixed frame serves as the device for generating an actuating force.
  • a similarly constructed imbalance compensating device is described in DE-C 36 33 375, in which a spring or a system of springs also serves as a device for generating an actuating force, means for moving the point of application of the spring on the fixed frame being provided, which include a Have control loop, on the basis of which the pitch angle of the fixed frame is taken into account when balancing the unbalance.
  • Unbalance compensating devices are also known in which the unbalance moment is compensated for by pneumatic cylinders which, for example in the case of a battle tank, are articulated on the weapon far in front of the pivot point of the shield pin and are therefore outside the armor protection of the turret.
  • DE-A 37 32 745 describes an unbalance compensation device which has a pneumatic cylinder, the interior of which is connected to a device which compensates for the temperature-related pressure change in the gas and which comprises a pressure regulator connected to a compressed gas source. With such a device, it is possible to achieve temperature compensation of the torque counteracting the imbalance torque.
  • FR-A 24 59 466 an unbalance compensation device is described in which a hydraulic system is used and in DE-C 618 7 23 a device is described for canceling the moment that occurs when a weapon returns, in which the thrust force for receiving the Tube weight is generated by a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure cylinder.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an unbalance compensation device with the features from the preamble of claim 1 so that with a low weight with little volume over the entire elevation angle range, an almost complete compensation of the unbalance moment is achieved and also the possibility is opened to additionally achieve temperature compensation.
  • the invention is based on an unbalance compensation device in which the flexible tension element is guided over a curve segment which determines the effective power lever arm through the predetermined curve shape, as a result of which a good adjustment of the compensation torque to the unbalance moment is possible.
  • a spring or a system of springs is used as the device for generating an actuating force, but rather a pneumatic cylinder in connection with a pressure accumulator.
  • the unbalance compensation device opens up the possibility of achieving temperature compensation of the compensation torque with the simplest of means, by compensating for the pressure drop occurring at low temperatures by means of the additionally switchable pressure accumulator and the pressure rise being compensated automatically when the temperature rises again by appropriate control of valves and thus the working pressure of the pneumatic cylinder can be kept constant over the entire working temperature range.
  • the balancing device according to the invention is primarily intended for use with heavy, large-caliber weapons, but is in no way limited to this type of application. Even with medium-weight and light weapons and weapons that are aimed by hand, the compensation device can be used to great advantage to reduce the leveling forces.
  • the fixed frame in which the pivotable part of the weapon containing the weapon barrel is mounted can be the carriage of a gun or the turret housing of a self-propelled howitzer or a battle tank.
  • one or more imbalance compensation devices according to the invention can be used on a weapon.
  • Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic representation of the weapon system stored in the turret housing 6 of a main battle tank (not shown in the rest), with the weapon system showing the pivotable part 1 consisting of the weapon barrel and cradle body, which is formed by shield pins 8 in the fixed frame, that is to say the gun carriage Tower 6, is pivotally mounted in the elevation direction and can be pivoted by a directional drive, not shown, of a known type.
  • the unbalance compensation device has a pneumatic cylinder 3 fastened to the tower roof, the piston rod 3.1 of which is connected to a flexible tension element, for example a wire rope 2, the other end of which is connected to the pivotable part 1 of the weapon is connected and is guided over a cam disc connected to the pivotable part 1 of the weapon.
  • the guide over the cam 5 has the result that a predetermined effective power lever arm r is assigned to each angular position of the pivotable part 1 of the weapon, which corresponds to the respective distance of the point of application of the tension element 2 on the cam 5 from the axis of rotation of the shield pin 8.
  • a predetermined effective power lever arm r is assigned to each angular position of the pivotable part 1 of the weapon, which corresponds to the respective distance of the point of application of the tension element 2 on the cam 5 from the axis of rotation of the shield pin 8.
  • the interior of the pneumatic cylinder 3 is connected to a pressure accumulator 4 via a line 9.
  • This pneumatic system is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows the pneumatic system of the unbalance compensation device according to FIG. 1 in an embodiment without temperature compensation.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 3 is connected to the pressure accumulator 4 via a line 9, into which a manual valve 10 is switched on. Furthermore, the pressure accumulator 4 is connected to a filling and testing connection 11.
  • the hand valve 10 serves as a shut-off valve for maintenance and repair work.
  • FIG. 3 The embodiment of the pneumatic system shown in FIG. 3 allows temperature compensation.
  • the components of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 which are identical to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 are designated there with the same reference numbers.
  • the first pressure accumulator 4 with the filling and test connection 11 is connected to the interior of the pneumatic cylinder 3 via a first control valve 12.1 and the line 9 containing the manual valve 10.1.
  • a second pressure accumulator 13 is connected in parallel with the first pressure accumulator 4 to the line 9 via a second control valve 12.2, a further manual valve 10.2 being connected in parallel with the second control valve 12.2.
  • a manometer 14 is used to control the pressure in line 9.
  • the two control valves 12.1 and 12.2 are controlled as a function of the pressure in line 9.
  • the preload pressure of the second pressure accumulator 13 is set to a value which is higher than the preload pressure of the first pressure accumulator 4.
  • the first control valve 12.1 is designed such that it opens in one position and acts in a second position as a check valve blocking in the direction of the first pressure accumulator 4.
  • the second control valve 12.2 is designed such that it opens in a first position and in a second position acts as a check valve blocking in the direction of the pneumatic cylinder 3 or line 9. If a drop in the working pressure is detected as a result of the temperature drop on the manometer 14, the second pressure accumulator 13 can be switched on briefly by opening the manual valve 10.2 and the setpoint value of the pressure can thus be set again. The pressure can be checked on the manometer 14. The manual valve 10.2 is closed again immediately after the setpoint has been set.
  • the two control valves 12.1 and 12.2 operate automatically when the system heats up beyond the normal temperature range.
  • the first control valve 12.1 is switched into the second position controlled so that it closes and shuts off the pressure accumulator 4.
  • the second control valve 12.2 is controlled into the first position, so that the excess pressure volume is absorbed by the second pressure accumulator 13.
  • the accumulators 4 and 13 are each filled by the downward movement of the weapon and corresponding actuation of the pneumatic cylinder 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows the curve of the imbalance moment of the weapon in a curve I and the counter torque of the compensation device in a curve II as a function of the elevation angle ⁇ .
  • the curve for the unbalance moment follows a cosine function, as indicated above, and it can be clearly seen from FIG. 4 that the curve for the counter-torque succeeds very well to the curve for the unbalance over a wide range of elevation angles - Approach torque so that only small differential torques remain, which must be compensated for by the directional drive.
  • the installation and removal of the compensation device is possible in the lowest weapon position or in the lashing position, since the pressure accumulators can be installed in such a way that they can be switched off, or the system can be depressurized; the individual components are light in weight and have a small construction volume.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung für eine Waffe, insbesondere eine großkalibrige Waffe mit langem Rohr, mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to an imbalance compensation device for a weapon, in particular a large-caliber weapon with a long barrel, with the features from the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine derartige Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung ist beispielsweise in der DE-B 1 097 319 beschrieben. Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung dient als flexibles Zugelement eine Rollenkette, und das den wirksamen Krafthebelarm bestimmende Kurvensegment ist mit einer Verzahnung versehen. Als Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Stellkraft dient eine einerseits mit dem flexiblen Zugelement und andererseits mit dem festen Gestell verbundene Zugfeder.Such an unbalance compensation device is described, for example, in DE-B 1 097 319. In this known device, a roller chain serves as a flexible pulling element, and the curve segment that determines the effective power lever arm is provided with a toothing. A tension spring connected on the one hand to the flexible tension element and on the other hand to the fixed frame serves as the device for generating an actuating force.

Eine ähnlich aufgebaute Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung ist in DE-C 36 33 375 beschrieben, bei der als Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Stellkraft ebenfalls eine Feder oder ein System von Federn dient, wobei Mittel zur Verschiebung des Angriffspunktes der Feder am festen Gestell vorgesehen sind, die einen Regelkreis aufweisen, aufgrund dessen der Nickwinkel des festen Gestells beim Ausgleich der Unbalance berücksichtigt wird.A similarly constructed imbalance compensating device is described in DE-C 36 33 375, in which a spring or a system of springs also serves as a device for generating an actuating force, means for moving the point of application of the spring on the fixed frame being provided, which include a Have control loop, on the basis of which the pitch angle of the fixed frame is taken into account when balancing the unbalance.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß die Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtungen, die mit Federn oder Federsystemen arbeiten, wegen der, vor allem bei großen Richtwinkeln, großen Federwege erhebliche Platzprobleme mit sich bringen und hohe Eigengewichte aufweisen.It has been found that the unbalance compensation devices that work with springs or spring systems, because of the large spring travel, especially with large straightening angles, involve considerable space problems and have high dead weights.

Es sind weiterhin Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtungen bekannt, bei denen das Unbalance-Moment durch Pneumatikzylinder ausgeglichen wird, die beispielsweise bei einem Kampfpanzer weit vor dem Drehpunkt des Schildzapfens an der Waffe angelenkt sind und somit außerhalb des Panzerschutzes des Turmes liegen.Unbalance compensating devices are also known in which the unbalance moment is compensated for by pneumatic cylinders which, for example in the case of a battle tank, are articulated on the weapon far in front of the pivot point of the shield pin and are therefore outside the armor protection of the turret.

Außerdem ist es bekannt, das Unbalance-Moment in einen in einem hydropneumatischen Speichersystem wirkenden Druck umzuwandeln.It is also known to convert the unbalance moment into a pressure acting in a hydropneumatic storage system.

In der DE-A 37 32 745 ist eine Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung beschrieben, die einen Pneumatikzylinder aufweist, dessen Innenraum mit einer die Temperatur bedingte Druckänderung des Gases ausgleichenden Einrichtung verbunden ist, die einen an eine Druckgasquelle angeschlossenen Druckregler umfaßt. Mit einer derartigen Einrichtung ist es möglich, eine Temperaturkompensation des dem Unbalance-Moment entgegenwirkenden Drehmomentes zu erreichen.DE-A 37 32 745 describes an unbalance compensation device which has a pneumatic cylinder, the interior of which is connected to a device which compensates for the temperature-related pressure change in the gas and which comprises a pressure regulator connected to a compressed gas source. With such a device, it is possible to achieve temperature compensation of the torque counteracting the imbalance torque.

Infolge der Anlenkkinematik derartiger Einrichtungen, die beispielsweise über Kurbelgetriebe auf den schwenkbaren Waffenteil erfolgt, verbleiben jedoch große Restunbalancen, die vom Höhenrichtantrieb bzw. einem Handantrieb aufgebracht werden müssen.As a result of the linkage kinematics of such devices, which is carried out, for example, by means of a crank mechanism on the pivotable weapon part, large residual imbalances remain, which must be applied by the leveling drive or a manual drive.

In US-A-30 33 085 ist ein Temperaturkompensationssystem für eine hydropneumatische Ausgleichsvorrichtung beschrieben, bei der das Unbalance-Moment in einen in einem hydropneumatischen Speichersystem wirkenden Druck umgewandelt wird und eine Temperaturkompensation soll dadurch erreicht werden, daß das hydropneumatische Speichersystem an einen zusätzlichen, den Temperatureinflüssen unterworfenen Gasbehälter anschließbar ist.In US-A-30 33 085 a temperature compensation system for a hydropneumatic compensation device is described in which the imbalance moment is converted into a pressure acting in a hydropneumatic storage system and temperature compensation is to be achieved in that the hydropneumatic storage system is connected to an additional one Gas container subjected to temperature influences can be connected.

In FR-A 24 59 466 ist eine Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung beschrieben, bei der ein hydraulisches System verwendet wird und in DE-C 618 7 23 ist eine Einrichtung zur Aufhebung des beim Rohrrücklauf einer Waffe entstehenden Momentes beschrieben, bei der die Schubkraft zur Aufnahme des Rohrgewichtes von einem pneumatischen oder hydraulischen Druckzylinder erzeugt wird.In FR-A 24 59 466 an unbalance compensation device is described in which a hydraulic system is used and in DE-C 618 7 23 a device is described for canceling the moment that occurs when a weapon returns, in which the thrust force for receiving the Tube weight is generated by a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure cylinder.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 so auszubilden, daß bei geringem Eigengewicht mit wenig Bauvolumen über den gesamten Elevationswinkelbereich ein nahezu vollständiger Ausgleich des Unbalance-Momentes erreicht wird und zudem die Möglichkeit eröffnet wird, zusätzlich eine Temperaturkompensation zu erzielen.The invention has for its object to provide an unbalance compensation device with the features from the preamble of claim 1 so that with a low weight with little volume over the entire elevation angle range, an almost complete compensation of the unbalance moment is achieved and also the possibility is opened to additionally achieve temperature compensation.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen aus dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features from the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are described in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung, bei der das flexible Zugelement über ein Kurvensegment geführt ist, das durch die vorgegebene Kurvenform den wirksamen Krafthebelarm bestimmt, wodurch eine gute Anpassung des Ausgleichsmomentes an das Unbalance-Moment möglich ist. Als Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Stellkraft wird jedoch nicht eine Feder oder ein System von Federn verwendet, sondern ein Pneumatikzylinder in Verbindung mit einem Druckspeicher.The invention is based on an unbalance compensation device in which the flexible tension element is guided over a curve segment which determines the effective power lever arm through the predetermined curve shape, as a result of which a good adjustment of the compensation torque to the unbalance moment is possible. However, not a spring or a system of springs is used as the device for generating an actuating force, but rather a pneumatic cylinder in connection with a pressure accumulator.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß sich auf diese Weise Eigengewicht und Einbauvolumen der Vorrichtung erheblich reduzieren lassen. Weiterhin eröffnet die erfindungsgemäße Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung die Möglichkeit, mit einfachsten Mitteln eine Temperaturkompensation des Ausgleichsmomentes zu erreichen, indem durch dem zusätzlich zuschaltbaren Druckspeicher der bei tiefen Temperaturen entstehende Druckabfall ausgeglichen wird und der Druckanstieg automatisch bei wieder steigender Temperatur durch entsprechende Steuerung von Ventilen kompensiert wird und somit der Arbeitsdruck des Pneumatikzylinders im gesamten Arbeitstemperaturbereich konstant gehalten werden kann.It has been found that the dead weight and installation volume of the device can be considerably reduced in this way. Furthermore, the unbalance compensation device according to the invention opens up the possibility of achieving temperature compensation of the compensation torque with the simplest of means, by compensating for the pressure drop occurring at low temperatures by means of the additionally switchable pressure accumulator and the pressure rise being compensated automatically when the temperature rises again by appropriate control of valves and thus the working pressure of the pneumatic cylinder can be kept constant over the entire working temperature range.

Die erfindungsgemäße Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung ist vor allem zur Anwendung bei schweren, großkalibrigen Waffen gedacht, aber keineswegs auf diese Anwendungsart beschränkt. Auch bei mittelschweren und leichten Waffen und Waffen, die mit Handkraft gerichtet werden, kann die Ausgleichsvorrichtung mit großem Vorteil zur Reduzierung der Richtkräfte eingesetzt werden.The balancing device according to the invention is primarily intended for use with heavy, large-caliber weapons, but is in no way limited to this type of application. Even with medium-weight and light weapons and weapons that are aimed by hand, the compensation device can be used to great advantage to reduce the leveling forces.

Das feste Gestell, in dem der das Waffenrohr enthaltende schwenkbare Teil der Waffe gelagert ist, kann die Lafette eines Geschützes oder auch das Turmgehäuse einer Panzerhaubitze bzw. eines Kampfpanzers sein.The fixed frame in which the pivotable part of the weapon containing the weapon barrel is mounted can be the carriage of a gun or the turret housing of a self-propelled howitzer or a battle tank.

Je nach Größe der Waffenunbalance und dem vorhandenen Bauraum können ein oder mehrere Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtungen nach der Erfindung an einer Waffe eingesetzt werden.Depending on the size of the weapon imbalance and the available installation space, one or more imbalance compensation devices according to the invention can be used on a weapon.

Im Folgenden werden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele für eine Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung näher erläutert.Exemplary embodiments of an imbalance compensation device according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
in Seitenansicht eine im Turmgehäuse eines Kampfpanzers gelagerte Waffe mit einer Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung;
Fig. 2
in einem Schaltplan den pneumatischen Teil der Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
in einem Schaltplan analog Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform des pneumatischen Teils einer Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1;
Fig. 4
in einer graphischen Darstellung die Unbalance-Kurve der Waffe zusammen mit der Kennlinie der Ausgleichsvorrichtung;
Fig. 5
in einer Teildarstellung eine mögliche Kurvenform des Kurvensegments der Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 bis 3.
The drawings show:
Fig. 1
in side view a weapon stored in the turret housing of a main battle tank with an imbalance compensation device;
Fig. 2
in a circuit diagram the pneumatic part of the unbalance compensation device according to Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
in a circuit diagram analogous to FIG. 2, a second embodiment of the pneumatic part of an unbalance compensation device according to FIG. 1;
Fig. 4
the imbalance curve of the weapon together with the characteristic curve of the compensation device in a graphical representation;
Fig. 5
in a partial representation a possible curve shape of the curve segment of the unbalance compensation device according to FIGS. 1 to 3.

Fig. 1 zeigt in stark schematisierter Darstellung die im Turmgehäuse 6 eines im übrigen nicht dargestellten Kampfpanzers gelagerte Waffenanlage, wobei von der Waffenanlage der aus Waffenrohr und Wiegenkörper bestehende schwenkbare Teil 1 dargestellt ist, der über Schildzapfen 8 im festen Gestell, also dem die Lafette bildenden Turm 6, in Elevationsrichtung schwenkbar gelagert ist und durch einen nicht dargestellten Richtantrieb bekannter Bauart verschwenkt werden kann. Die Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung weist einen am Turmdach befestigten Pneumatikzylinder 3 auf, dessen Kolbenstange 3.1 mit einem flexiblen Zugelement, beispielsweise einem Drahtseil 2, verbunden ist, dessen anderes Ende mit dem schwenkbaren Teil 1 der Waffe verbunden ist und dabei über eine mit dem schwenkbaren Teil 1 der Waffe verbundene Kurvenscheibe geführt ist. Die Führung über die Kurvenscheibe 5 hat zur Folge, daß jeder Winkelstellung des schwenkbaren Teils 1 der Waffe ein vorgegebener wirksamer Krafthebelarm r zugeordnet ist, der dem jeweiligen Abstand des Angriffspunktes des Zugelementes 2 an der Kurvenscheibe 5 von der Drehachse des Schildzapfens 8 entspricht. Die Ausbildung der Kurve dieser Kurvenscheibe 5 wird weiter unten erläutert.Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic representation of the weapon system stored in the turret housing 6 of a main battle tank (not shown in the rest), with the weapon system showing the pivotable part 1 consisting of the weapon barrel and cradle body, which is formed by shield pins 8 in the fixed frame, that is to say the gun carriage Tower 6, is pivotally mounted in the elevation direction and can be pivoted by a directional drive, not shown, of a known type. The unbalance compensation device has a pneumatic cylinder 3 fastened to the tower roof, the piston rod 3.1 of which is connected to a flexible tension element, for example a wire rope 2, the other end of which is connected to the pivotable part 1 of the weapon is connected and is guided over a cam disc connected to the pivotable part 1 of the weapon. The guide over the cam 5 has the result that a predetermined effective power lever arm r is assigned to each angular position of the pivotable part 1 of the weapon, which corresponds to the respective distance of the point of application of the tension element 2 on the cam 5 from the axis of rotation of the shield pin 8. The formation of the curve of this cam plate 5 is explained below.

Der Innenraum des Pneumatikzylinders 3 ist über eine Leitung 9 an einen Druckspeicher 4 angeschlossen. Dieses pneumatische System wird weiter unten anhand der Fig. 2 und 3 näher erläutert.The interior of the pneumatic cylinder 3 is connected to a pressure accumulator 4 via a line 9. This pneumatic system is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

In Fig. 1 ist die Lage des schwenkbaren Teils 1 der Waffe bei Elevation 0 dargestellt und bei einem erhöhten Elevationswinkel in strichpunktierten Linien angedeutet.1 shows the position of the pivotable part 1 of the weapon at elevation 0 and is indicated by dash-dotted lines at an elevated elevation angle.

In Fig. 2 ist das pneumatische System der Unbalance-Ausgleichsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einer Ausführungsform ohne Temperaturkompensation dargestellt. Der Pneumatikzylinder 3 ist mit dem Druckspeicher 4 über eine Leitung 9, in welche ein Handventil 10 eingeschaltet ist, verbunden. Weiterhin ist der Druckspeicher 4 mit einem Füll- und Prüfanschluß 11 verbunden. Das Handventil 10 dient als Absperrventil für Wartungs- und Instandsetzungsarbeiten.FIG. 2 shows the pneumatic system of the unbalance compensation device according to FIG. 1 in an embodiment without temperature compensation. The pneumatic cylinder 3 is connected to the pressure accumulator 4 via a line 9, into which a manual valve 10 is switched on. Furthermore, the pressure accumulator 4 is connected to a filling and testing connection 11. The hand valve 10 serves as a shut-off valve for maintenance and repair work.

Die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Ausführungsform des Pneumatiksystems erlaubt eine Temperaturkompensation. Die mit der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 identischen Bauteile der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3 sind dort mit den gleichen Bezugsziffern bezeichnet.The embodiment of the pneumatic system shown in FIG. 3 allows temperature compensation. The components of the embodiment according to FIG. 3 which are identical to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 are designated there with the same reference numbers.

Der erste Druckspeicher 4 mit dem Füll- und Prüfanschluß 11 ist über ein erstes Steuerventil 12.1 und die das Handventil 10.1 enthaltende Leitung 9 mit dem Innenraum des Pneumatikzylinders 3 verbunden. Außerdem ist ein zweiter Druckspeicher 13 in Parallelschaltung zum ersten Druckspeicher 4 über ein zweites Steuerventil 12.2 mit der Leitung 9 verbunden, wobei dem zweiten Steuerventil 12.2 ein weiteres Handventil 10.2 parallelgeschaltet ist. Zur Kontrolle des Drucks in der Leitung 9 dient ein Manometer 14. Die Ansteuerung der beiden Steuerventile 12.1 und 12.2 erfolgt in Abhängigkeit vom Druck in der Leitung 9. Der Vorspanndruck des zweiten Druckspeichers 13 wird auf einen Wert eingestellt, der höher ist als der Vorspanndruck des ersten Druckspeichers 4. Das erste Steuerventil 12.1 ist so ausgebildet, daß es in einer Stellung öffnet und in einer zweiten Stellung als in Richtung zum ersten Druckspeicher 4 sperrendes Rückschlagventil wirkt. Das zweite Steuerventil 12.2 ist so ausgebildet, daß es in einer ersten Stellung öffnet und in einer zweiten Stellung als in Richtung zum Pneumatikzylinder 3 bzw. zur Leitung 9 sperrendes Rückschlagventil wirkt. Wenn infolge Temperaturerniedrigung am Manometer 14 ein Abfall des Arbeitsdrucks festgestellt wird, kann durch Öffnen des Handventils 10.2 der Zweite Druckspeicher 13 kurzzeitig hinzugeschaltet und damit der Sollwert des Druckes wieder eingestellt werden. Der Druck kann am Manometer 14 kontrolliert werden. Das Handventil 10.2 wird nach Einstellung des Sollwertes sogleich wieder geschlossen.The first pressure accumulator 4 with the filling and test connection 11 is connected to the interior of the pneumatic cylinder 3 via a first control valve 12.1 and the line 9 containing the manual valve 10.1. In addition, a second pressure accumulator 13 is connected in parallel with the first pressure accumulator 4 to the line 9 via a second control valve 12.2, a further manual valve 10.2 being connected in parallel with the second control valve 12.2. A manometer 14 is used to control the pressure in line 9. The two control valves 12.1 and 12.2 are controlled as a function of the pressure in line 9. The preload pressure of the second pressure accumulator 13 is set to a value which is higher than the preload pressure of the first pressure accumulator 4. The first control valve 12.1 is designed such that it opens in one position and acts in a second position as a check valve blocking in the direction of the first pressure accumulator 4. The second control valve 12.2 is designed such that it opens in a first position and in a second position acts as a check valve blocking in the direction of the pneumatic cylinder 3 or line 9. If a drop in the working pressure is detected as a result of the temperature drop on the manometer 14, the second pressure accumulator 13 can be switched on briefly by opening the manual valve 10.2 and the setpoint value of the pressure can thus be set again. The pressure can be checked on the manometer 14. The manual valve 10.2 is closed again immediately after the setpoint has been set.

Die beiden Steuerventile 12.1 und 12.2 treten automatisch in Funktion, wenn sich das System über den Normaltemperaturbereich hinaus erwärmt. Bei einem Druckanstieg in der Leitung 9, die über einen vorgegebenen Druckwert hinausgeht, wird das erste Steuerventil 12.1 in die zweite Stellung gesteuert, so daß es schließt und den Druckspeicher 4 absperrt. Gleichzeitig wird das zweite Steuerventil 12.2 in die erste Stellung gesteuert, so daß das Überdruckvolumen vom zweiten Druckspeicher 13 aufgenommen wird. Die Füllung der Speicher 4 und 13 erfolgt dabei jeweils durch die Abwärtsbewegung der Waffe und entsprechende Betätigung des Pneumatikzylinders 3. Bei der Aufwärtsbewegung der Waffe sinkt der Druck in der Leitung 9 wieder, was zur Folge hat, daß das zweite Steuerventil 12.2 in die zweite Stellung gesteuert wird, also schließt und das erste Steuerventil 12.1 in die erste Stellung gesteuert wird und damit öffnet. Das System arbeitet nun wieder im Normaltemperaturbereich, in dem es an den Druckspeicher 4 angeschlossen ist.The two control valves 12.1 and 12.2 operate automatically when the system heats up beyond the normal temperature range. In the event of a pressure rise in line 9 which exceeds a predetermined pressure value, the first control valve 12.1 is switched into the second position controlled so that it closes and shuts off the pressure accumulator 4. At the same time, the second control valve 12.2 is controlled into the first position, so that the excess pressure volume is absorbed by the second pressure accumulator 13. The accumulators 4 and 13 are each filled by the downward movement of the weapon and corresponding actuation of the pneumatic cylinder 3. When the weapon is moved upward, the pressure in line 9 drops again, with the result that the second control valve 12.2 is in the second position is controlled, ie closes and the first control valve 12.1 is controlled into the first position and thus opens. The system now works again in the normal temperature range in which it is connected to the pressure accumulator 4.

Im Folgenden wird anhand der Fig. 4 und 5 erläutert, wie die Kennlinie der Ausgleichsvorrichtung durch entsprechende Formgebung der Kurve am Kurvensegment 5 die Unbalance-Kurve der Waffe angeglichen werden kann.In the following, it will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 how the characteristic curve of the compensation device can be adapted to the imbalance curve of the weapon by appropriately shaping the curve on the curve segment 5.

Nach bekannten Beziehungen gilt für das Unbalance-Moment: MU = g · G · s · cos α.According to known relationships, the following applies to the unbalance moment: MU = g · G · s · cos α.

Hierbei ist:

g =
Erdbeschleunigung
G =
Waffengewicht
s =
Abstand des Schwerpunktes 7 der Waffe von der Achse des Schildzapfens 8;
α =
Elevationswinkel.
Here is:
g =
Acceleration due to gravity
G =
Weapon weight
s =
Distance of the center of gravity 7 of the weapon from the axis of the shield pin 8;
α =
Elevation angle.

Für das Ausgleichsmoment gilt: Ma = r · pi · A.The following applies to the compensation torque: Ma = r · pi · A.

Hierbei ist:

r =
Länge des wirksamen Hebelarms an der Kurvenscheibe 5
pi =
wirksamer Arbeitsdruck
A =
wirksame Kolbenfläche.
Here is:
r =
Length of the effective lever arm on the cam disc 5
pi =
effective working pressure
A =
effective piston area.

Bei einer vollständigen Kompensation muß für alle Elevationswinkel gelten: MU (α) = MA (α), wobei beide Momente als Funktionen des Elevationswinkels aufzufassen sind.In the case of complete compensation, the following must apply to all elevation angles: MU (α) = MA (α), where both moments are to be understood as functions of the elevation angle.

Hieraus ergibt sich für den wirksamen Hebelarm und damit den jeweiligen Abstand eines Kurvenpunktes auf dem Kurvensegment 5 vom Drehpunkt in der Achse des Schildzapfens 8 folgende Beziehung: r (α) = g · G · s · cosα pi · A

Figure imgb0001
This results in the following relationship for the effective lever arm and thus the respective distance of a curve point on the curve segment 5 from the pivot point in the axis of the shield pin 8: r (α) = g · G · s · cosα piA
Figure imgb0001

In der nachfolgenden Tabelle werden für ein konkretes Ausführungsbeispiel mit zwei baugleichen, an der Waffe angreifenden Ausgleichsvorrichtungen aus der oben angegebenen Beziehung ermittelte Werte für die Größe r bei verschiedenen Elevationswinkel angegeben, aus denen die Form des Kurvensegmentes berechnet und als homogene Kurve ausgelegt wurde, die in Fig. 5 dargestellt ist.

Figure imgb0002
In the following table, values for the size r at various elevation angles are determined for a specific exemplary embodiment with two equalizing devices acting on the weapon from the relationship given above, from which the shape of the curve segment was calculated and designed as a homogeneous curve, which in Fig. 5 is shown.
Figure imgb0002

In Fig. 4 ist in einer Kurve I der Verlauf des Unbalance-Moments der Waffe und in einer Kurve II das Gegendrehmoment der Ausgleichsvorrichtung wiedergegeben in Abhängigkeit vom Elevationswinkel α. Dabei folgt die Kurve für das Unbalance-Moment, wie oben angegeben, einer Kosinus-Funktion und aus Fig. 4 ist gut abzulesen, daß es gelingt, die Kurve für das Gegendrehmoment über einen weiten Bereich von Elevationswinkeln sehr gut an die Kurve für das Unbalance-Moment anzunähern, so daß nur geringe Differenzmomente übrig bleiben, die vom Richtantrieb ausgeglichen werden müssen.4 shows the curve of the imbalance moment of the weapon in a curve I and the counter torque of the compensation device in a curve II as a function of the elevation angle α. The curve for the unbalance moment follows a cosine function, as indicated above, and it can be clearly seen from FIG. 4 that the curve for the counter-torque succeeds very well to the curve for the unbalance over a wide range of elevation angles - Approach torque so that only small differential torques remain, which must be compensated for by the directional drive.

Mit der beschriebenen Ausgleichsvorrichtung können folgende Vorteile erzielt werden:
Der Ein- und Ausbau der Ausgleichsvorrichtung ist in unterster Waffenstellung bzw. in Zurr-Position möglich, da die Druckspeicher abschaltbar installiert werden können, oder das System drucklos gemacht werden kann;
die Einzelkomponenten besitzen nur geringes Gewicht und geringes Bauvolumen. Hierdurch entsteht eine gute Verstauungsmöglichkeit im Turm unter Panzerschutz;
beim Einsatz von zwei baugleichen Ausgleichsvorrichtungen ergibt sich eine Sicherheitsredundanz mit positiven Auswirkungen auf den Richtantrieb, nämlich eine Halbierung des Haltemoments sowie eine Halbierung der Bruchzahnkräfte am Höhenrichtgetriebe;
es wird nur eine kleinere Gesamtübersetzung des Richtantriebes benötigt;
das Gewicht des Richtantriebes kann verringert werden; es sind höhere Richtgeschwindigkeiten bei geringerer Leistungsaufnahme möglich;
bei manuellem Richtbetrieb sind nur kleine Handkräfte erforderlich.
The following advantages can be achieved with the compensation device described:
The installation and removal of the compensation device is possible in the lowest weapon position or in the lashing position, since the pressure accumulators can be installed in such a way that they can be switched off, or the system can be depressurized;
the individual components are light in weight and have a small construction volume. This creates a good stowage option in the tower under armored protection;
When using two structurally identical compensating devices, there is a safety redundancy with positive effects on the directional drive, namely a halving of the holding torque and a halving of the breaking tooth forces on the height straightening gear;
only a smaller overall ratio of the directional drive is required;
the weight of the directional drive can be reduced; higher straightening speeds with lower power consumption are possible;
only small manual forces are required for manual straightening.

Claims (3)

  1. Unbalance-compensating device for a weapon, in particular a large-calibre weapon having a long barrel, which device has a part (1) which can be pivoted in the elevation direction, which contains the barrel and which is mounted via trunnions (8) in a fixed mounting (6), the centre of gravity (7) of the pivotable part lying externally of the axis of rotation of the trunnions, in the case of which a torque counteracting the unbalance moment is generated in that the pivotable part (1) of the weapon is connected via a flexible tension element (2) to a device (3) for generating regulating power which is disposed on the fixed mounting (6), the flexible tension element (2) being guided over a cam segment (5) which has a predetermined cam shape, which is connected to the pivotable part (1) of the weapon and which determines the effective lever arm of the force, characterized in that the device for generating regulating power comprises a pneumatic cylinder (3) whose piston rod (3.1) is connected to the flexible tension element (2) and whose interior is connected to a pressure accumulator (4) and which can additionally be connected via an actuating valve (10.2) to a second pressure accumulator (13) whose initial stressing pressure is greater than the initial stressing pressure of the first pressure accumulator (4).
  2. Unbalance-compensating device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first pressure accumulator (4) is connected to the pneumatic cylinder (3) via a first control valve (12.1) which opens in a first setting and in a second setting acts as a non-return valve which blocks in the direction towards the first pressure accumulator, whilst the second pressure accumulator (13) is connected to the pneumatic cylinder (3) via a second control valve (12.2) which opens in a first setting and in a second setting acts as a non-return valve which blocks in the direction towards the pneumatic cylinder (3), both control valves (12.1, 12.2) being controllable by the pressure prevailing at the pneumatic cylinder (3) such that when the actuating valve (10.2) is closed below a predetermined pressure value the first control valve (12.1) is in the first setting and the second control valve (12.2) is in the second setting, whilst when this pressure value is exceeded the first control valve (12.1) is changed over to the second setting and the second control valve (12.2) is changed over to the first setting.
  3. Unbalance-compensating device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flexible tension element (2) is in the form of a steel cable.
EP91121939A 1991-01-04 1991-12-20 Equilibrator device for a gun, especially a big calibre gun with a long barrel Expired - Lifetime EP0493762B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4100102A DE4100102A1 (en) 1991-01-04 1991-01-04 UNBALANCE COMPENSATING DEVICE FOR A WEAPON, ESPECIALLY A LARGE-TUBE LARGE-TUBE WEAPON
DE4100102 1991-01-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0493762A2 EP0493762A2 (en) 1992-07-08
EP0493762A3 EP0493762A3 (en) 1993-03-17
EP0493762B1 true EP0493762B1 (en) 1995-11-02

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ID=6422543

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91121939A Expired - Lifetime EP0493762B1 (en) 1991-01-04 1991-12-20 Equilibrator device for a gun, especially a big calibre gun with a long barrel

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DE (2) DE4100102A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5413028A (en) * 1993-11-12 1995-05-09 Cadillac Gage Textron Inc. Weapon stabilization system
FR2721393B1 (en) * 1994-06-16 1996-08-14 Giat Ind Sa Balancing device for a barrel.
FR2724715B1 (en) * 1994-09-19 1996-12-27 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING AS A FUNCTION OF THE EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE OF A BALANCING SYSTEM OF AN ARTILLERY PIECE
DE102007041293A1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh Length and force equalizers
DE102012106588B3 (en) 2012-07-20 2013-09-26 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Richtmomentstabilisator and weapon
PL3004784T3 (en) * 2013-06-04 2018-08-31 Raytheon Company Apparatus for enhanced counterbalancing of weapon mount
US10955213B1 (en) * 2020-01-27 2021-03-23 Mandus Group Llc Internal equilibrator for elevating struts of artillery systems

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR731422A (en) * 1931-03-07 1932-09-02 Anciens Ets Skoda Pneumatic balancing device for guns, in particular
DE618723C (en) * 1933-09-20 1935-09-13 Kreiselgeraete G M B H Vormals Device on pipe recoil guns with cradle carriage, the trunnion axis of which is directed remotely, to cancel out the torque generated during pipe recoil
DE1097319B (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-01-12 Siegfried Uhl Counterbalance for weapons whose center of gravity is not in the trunnion axis
US3033085A (en) * 1959-01-28 1962-05-08 Donald E Witkin Temperature compensating system for hydropneumatic equilibrator
FR2459466A1 (en) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-09 France Etat Armature balancer for guns and cannons - employs hydraulic jack providing balancing and stabilising force for armament mass
DE3633375A1 (en) * 1986-10-01 1988-04-14 Honeywell Regelsysteme Gmbh Unbalance compensation device
DE3732745A1 (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-04-06 Rheinmetall Gmbh COMPENSATORS

Also Published As

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EP0493762A3 (en) 1993-03-17
EP0493762A2 (en) 1992-07-08
DE59106823D1 (en) 1995-12-07
DE4100102A1 (en) 1992-07-09
US5196642A (en) 1993-03-23

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