EP0493019A2 - Procédé de modification de matériaux magnétiques et matériaux magnétiques ainsi obtenus - Google Patents

Procédé de modification de matériaux magnétiques et matériaux magnétiques ainsi obtenus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0493019A2
EP0493019A2 EP91311867A EP91311867A EP0493019A2 EP 0493019 A2 EP0493019 A2 EP 0493019A2 EP 91311867 A EP91311867 A EP 91311867A EP 91311867 A EP91311867 A EP 91311867A EP 0493019 A2 EP0493019 A2 EP 0493019A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
interstitially
intermetallic compound
iron
reaction gas
rare earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP91311867A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0493019B1 (fr
EP0493019A3 (en
Inventor
John Michael David Coey
Hong Sun
David Patrick Hurley
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College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin
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College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin
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Priority claimed from IE464490A external-priority patent/IE67889B1/en
Application filed by College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin filed Critical College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin
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Publication of EP0493019A3 publication Critical patent/EP0493019A3/en
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Publication of EP0493019B1 publication Critical patent/EP0493019B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/058—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IVa elements, e.g. Gd2Fe14C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C8/62—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes only one element being applied
    • C23C8/64—Carburising
    • C23C8/66—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing magnetic materials, to new and improved materials produced thereby and to the use of these materials to make permanent magnets.
  • Magnets have many applications in engineering and science as components of apparatus such as electric motors, electric generators, focussing elements, lifting mechanisms, locks, levitation devices, anti-friction mounts and so on.
  • three intrinsic properties are of critical importance. These are the Curie temperature (Tc) i.e. the temperature at which a permanent magnet loses its magnetism, the spontaneous magnetic moment per unit volume (M s ) and the easy uniaxial anisotropy conventionally represented by an anisotropy field B a .
  • Tc Curie temperature
  • M s spontaneous magnetic moment per unit volume
  • B a easy uniaxial anisotropy
  • the Curie temperature is of particular significance because it dictates the temperature below which apparatus containing the magnet must be operated.
  • Nd-Fe-B magnetic materials can have a Curie temperature of up to 320°C and are particularly described in three European applications, EP-A-0101552, EP-A-0106948 and EP-A-0108474. Derivatives of these boride materials represent the state of the art to date in magnet technology. However they are somewhat unstable in air and change chemically, gradually losing their magnetic properties so that despite Curie temperatures in excess of 300°C in practice they are not suitable for operating at temperatures greater than 150°C.
  • EP-A-0320064 hard magnetic materials are described containing neodymium and iron but having carbon incorporated to give compounds of the formula Nd2Fe14C having a similar crystal structure to the known boride materials.
  • EP-A-0334445 variations of the above type of material having carbon incorporated are described in which neodymium is replaced with praseodymium, cerium or lanthanum and the iron is partly substituted with manganese.
  • EP-A-0397264 describes compounds of the formula RE2Fe17C where RE is a combination of rare earth elements of which at least 70% must be samarium.
  • the preferred compound described in the last of the above three patent applications which has carbon interstitially incorporated into a Sm2Fe17 crystal lattice, demonstrates improved Curie temperatures and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. However it is produced by melting of the constituent elements to obtain a casting which is then subjected to an annealing treatment at very high temperatures (900-1100°C) in an inert gas. Using such a process puts a limitation on the amount of additional elements which can be interstitially incorporated.
  • a process for bringing about interstitial incorporation of an element of group VA of the Periodic Table into intermetallic compounds containing one or more rare earth elements and iron has already been developed by the present inventors and is described in the Applicants' co-pending European Patent Application No 91303442.7 which process comprises heating the intermetallic starting material in a gas containing the group VA element in the substantial absence of oxygen.
  • a process has now been developed which permits interstitial incorporation of elements of groups IIIA, IVA and VIA of the Periodic Table into the rare-earth/iron type compounds to produce novel materials having improved magnetic properties with regard to Curie temperatures (Tc), spontaneous magnetic moment per unit volume (Ms) and easy uniaxial anisotropy (Ba).
  • Such materials are suitable for further processing to make permanent magnets with a large energy product exceeding 80kJ/m3.
  • a process for modifying the magnetic properties of an intermetallic compound comprising at least iron, or a combination of iron with at least one transition metal, and at least one rare earth element comprises heating said intermetallic compound in a reaction gas containing at least one element of groups IIIA, IVA or VIA of the Periodic Table in the gaseous phase to interstitially incorporate said element or elements of groups IIIA, IVA or VIA into the crystal lattice of said intermetallic compound.
  • rare earth element also includes the elements yttrium, thorium, hafnium and zirconium and that groups IIIA, IVA and VIA of the Periodic Table are those defined by the CAS version of that table, i.e. Group IIIA, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; Group IVA, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; Group VIA 0, S, Se, Te, Po.
  • the intermetallic compounds which may be modified by the process of the invention include those of the ThMn12 type with a tetragonal crystal structure and those of the Th2Ni17 or ThZn17 type having hexagonal or rhombohedral crystal structures respectively. Those of the crystal structure type BaCd11 and CaCu5 may also be modified by the process.
  • the intermetallic starting materials heated in a reaction gas in accordance with the process of the invention may be tetragonal compounds of the general formula: R(T n-x M x ) in which R is at least one rare earth element as herein defined, T is iron or a combination of iron with one or more transition metals, M is an element that serves to stabilise the structure-type, n is approximately 12 and 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 3.0.
  • R Preferred components for R are yttrium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium or lutetium or a mixture of two or more thereof.
  • Particuarly preferred compounds are those where R is praseodymium or neodymium such as for example PrFe11Ti or NdFe11Ti or compounds where praseodymium or neodymium are combined with another rare earth element.
  • some of the neodymium can be substituted with cerium to reduce cost or substituted with a heavy rare earth such as terbium or dysprosium to improve uniaxial anisotropy.
  • the iron may be in combination with a transition metal such as cobalt, nickel or manganese.
  • a transition metal such as cobalt, nickel or manganese.
  • the iron may be substituted with up to 45% cobalt.
  • the stabilizing element M is preferably an early transition metal such as those of groups IVB, VB and VIB of the Periodic Table. Particularly preferred stabilizing elements are titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten or chromium.
  • the intermetallic starting material which is heated in a reaction gas in accordance with the process of the invention may be a hexagonal or rhombohedral compound of the general formula: R′2(T′ n-x′ M′ x′ ) in which R′ is at least one rare earth element, T′ is iron, M′ is one or more transition metals, n is approximately 17 and 0 ⁇ x′ ⁇ 6.0.
  • R′ for these hexagonal or rhombohedral starting materials are yttrium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysposium, holmium, erbium, thulium or lutetium or a mixture of two or more thereof and particularly preferred are those compounds where R is samarium such as for example SmFe17 or where R is samarium partially substituted with neodymium, praseodymium or cerium.
  • a transition metal M′ may substitute for the iron such as cobalt, nickel or manganese.
  • the intermetallic starting materials may be of the tetragonal crystal structure type BaCd11 for example RFe5Co4M′′ where M′′ is a stabilizing element such as silicon or of the crystal structure type CaCu5, for example RCo3FeM′′′ where M′′′ is a stabilizing element such as boron.
  • the preferred group IIIA, IVA or VIA elements which may be interstitially incorporated into the crystal lattice of the intermetallic compounds of tetragonal, rhombohedral or hexagonal crystal structure described above are boron in Group IIIA, one or more of carbon, silicon and germanium in Group IVA or one or more of sulphur, selenium and tellurium in Group VIA.
  • interstitially incorporated element may be combined with hydrogen.
  • novel magnetic materials of the general formula: R(T n-x M x )Z y wherein R, T, x, M and Z are as herein defined and 0.1 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0.
  • the invention also provides compounds of the general formula: R′2(T′ n-x′ M′ x′ )Z y ′ wherein R′, T′, M′, Z and x′ are as herein defined and 0.5 ⁇ y′ ⁇ 3.0. Particularly preferred examples of these latter compounds are those where y′>1.5.
  • the invention further provides compounds of the formula RTCo n-x′′ M′′ x′′ Z y′′ where R,T,Z and M′′ are as hereinbefore defined, n is 11 1 ⁇ x′′ ⁇ 3 and 0 ⁇ y′′ ⁇ 1 and also compounds of the formula RCo3FeM′′′Z where R and Z are as hereinbefore defined and M′′′ is a stabilizing element such as boron.
  • the reaction gas may be a hydrocarbon such as methane, any C2 to C5 alkane, alkene or alkyne or an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene.
  • the reaction gas may be a boron containing gas such as borane, diborane or decaborane vapour.
  • the reaction gas may be a silane and if the element Z is sulphur the reaction gas may be hydrogen sulphide.
  • the reaction gas may be mixed with an inert carrier gas such as helium or argon.
  • an ingot of the rare earth/iron intermetallic starting material is preferably crushed to a fine powder having a particle size of less than 50 microns diameter.
  • a powder may be optionally prepared by mechanical alloying.
  • the powder is then placed in a suitable reactor vessel which is evaporated and filled with the reaction gas at a pressure of from 0.01 to 1000 bar. Typically the pressure is from 0.1 to 10 bar.
  • the powder is then heated in the vessel in the presence of the gas to a temperature in the range 300 to 800°C, preferably in the range 400 to 650°C, and most preferably about 500°C for a period sufficient to permit diffusion of the element to be incorporated into the interstitial sites throughout each grain of powder.
  • the heating time may be anything up to 100 hours but a suitable period can be readily determined from the diffusion constants of the interstitial atoms in the intermetallic compound. A typical heating period is from 2 to 10 hours.
  • the starting materials are heated in the reaction gas in the substantial absence of oxygen.
  • the reactor vessel is evacuated to remove excess reaction gas before cooling or alternatively it may be purged with an inert gas.
  • the cooled product can then be processed to form permanent magnets.
  • an early transition metal additive include niobium, zirconium or titanium.
  • the additive suppresses the formation of alpha-Fe dendrites which occur because the phase does not melt congruently. Without the additive the ⁇ -Fe phase, which tends to destroy coercivity in the interstitially modified material, may be removed by lengthy high temperature annealing at about 1000°C.
  • interstitial incorporation of an element such as carbon, for example into an intermetallic rare earth/iron compound can be brought about at a much lower temperature than the arc melting method used in EP-A-0397264.
  • gas phase process of the invention allows a higher level of interstitial incorporation to be achieved compared with the arc melting method.
  • uniaxial anisotropy is much greater and the Curie temperatures significantly higher than materials produced by hitherto known methods.
  • Table I compares the properties of compounds of the formula Sm2Fe17C y made by the process described in EP-A-0397264 with compounds of that formula made by the process of the present invention.
  • the process of the invention has substantial advantages over hitherto known processes for bringing about interstitial incorporation of another element into intermetallic magnetic compounds of the rare-earth/iron type and that the materials produced thereby have improved magnetic properties.
  • the increase in Curie temperature the uniaxial anisotropy and increase in spontaneous magnetization make the compounds of the invention very well suited for the manufacture of permanent magnets.
  • the high Curie temperatures of these materials means that magnets made from them can be used in apparatus or processes requiring high temperature conditions and the magnetization of the magnet will not be lost.
  • Magnets may be formed from the materials of the invention by orienting the interstitially modified intermetallic compound in powder form in a magnetic field with a polymer resin to make a polymer-bonded magnet. More specifically the powder of the interstitially-modified intermetallic compound may optionally be milled to a finer powder, with particle size of 10 ⁇ m or less and then mixed with a polymeric material (e.g. a thermosetting resin or an epoxy resin) and optionally oriented in a magnetic field sufficient to align the easy axes of the grains of powder. The resin is then set and the composite is subject to a large magnetizing field sufficient to saturate the remanent magnetization.
  • a polymeric material e.g. a thermosetting resin or an epoxy resin
  • the composite may be formed into a desired shape by compression or injection moulding, prior to applying the magnetizing field.
  • a metal matrix rather than a polymer matrix.
  • a low-melting point metal such as Zn, Sn or Al, or a low-melting alloy, such a solder may be used.
  • the metal is mixed with the milled intermetallic powder, which may be oriented in a magnetic field prior to heat treatment at a temperature sufficient to melt the metal and form a metal-metal composite.
  • the preferred metal is zinc, which reacts with any free ⁇ Fe to form a nonmagnetic Fe-Zn alloy, thereby enhancing the coercivity of the magnet.
  • a further way in which magnets can be formed from the materials is to forge with a soft metal under a stress which tends to mechanically orient the crystallites of the material.
  • a shear stress is applied to the intermetallic powder, which is optionally mixed with a soft metal such as Al. The shear stress aligns the c-axes of the intermetallic crystallites and thereby increases the remanent magnetization of the magnet.
EP91311867A 1990-12-21 1991-12-20 Procédé de modification de matériaux magnétiques et matériaux magnétiques ainsi obtenus Expired - Lifetime EP0493019B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE464490 1990-12-21
IE464490A IE67889B1 (en) 1990-12-21 1990-12-21 Improved magnetic materials and processes for their production
IE67191 1991-02-28
IE67191 1991-02-28
IE328191 1991-09-18
IE328191 1991-09-18

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0493019A2 true EP0493019A2 (fr) 1992-07-01
EP0493019A3 EP0493019A3 (en) 1992-11-19
EP0493019B1 EP0493019B1 (fr) 1995-06-21

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EP91311867A Expired - Lifetime EP0493019B1 (fr) 1990-12-21 1991-12-20 Procédé de modification de matériaux magnétiques et matériaux magnétiques ainsi obtenus

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0493019B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06145880A (fr)
AT (1) ATE124165T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2058283A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69110644T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0493019T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2074237T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3017387T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT99903A (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4116857A1 (de) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-26 Siemens Ag Magnetmaterial mit thmn(pfeil abwaerts)1(pfeil abwaerts)(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)-kristallstruktur und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
EP0594309A1 (fr) * 1992-10-19 1994-04-27 Inland Steel Company Matériau non-uniaxe pour aimant permanent
DE4243048A1 (de) * 1992-12-18 1994-06-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hartmagnetischen Materials auf Basis des Stoffsystems Sm-Fe-C
FR2704087A1 (fr) * 1993-04-13 1994-10-21 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Compositions d'alliages intermétalliques pour la fabrication d'aimants permanents à base de terres rares, de fer et d'un additif métallique, procédé de synthèse et utilisations.
US5720828A (en) * 1992-08-21 1998-02-24 Martinex R&D Inc. Permanent magnet material containing a rare-earth element, iron, nitrogen and carbon
EP1589544A1 (fr) * 2003-01-28 2005-10-26 TDK Corporation Composition magnetique dure, poudre pour aimant permanent, procede de preparation d'une poudre pour aimant permanent et aimant agglomere
US20110133112A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-09 Hitachi, Ltd. Ferromagnetic compound magnet
WO2017211921A1 (fr) 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 Basf Se Matériaux magnétocaloriques comprenant du manganèse, du fer, du silicium, du phosphore et du carbone

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5752425B2 (ja) * 2011-01-11 2015-07-22 株式会社日立製作所 希土類磁石
JP6248689B2 (ja) * 2014-02-20 2017-12-20 日立金属株式会社 強磁性合金およびその製造方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5567110A (en) * 1978-11-14 1980-05-21 Seiko Epson Corp Intermetallic compound magnet
EP0190461A2 (fr) * 1984-12-24 1986-08-13 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la fabrication d'aimants permanents et aimant permanent
US4753675A (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-06-28 Ovonic Synthetic Materials, Inc. Method of preparing a magnetic material
EP0344018A2 (fr) * 1988-05-26 1989-11-29 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Aimant permanent de terre rare
EP0356279A1 (fr) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-28 Bull S.A. Procédé d'obtention d'un matériau magnétique transparent à la lumière et de forte résistivité
EP0397264A1 (fr) * 1989-05-10 1990-11-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Matériau magnétique dur et aimant réalisé en ce matériau

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5567110A (en) * 1978-11-14 1980-05-21 Seiko Epson Corp Intermetallic compound magnet
EP0190461A2 (fr) * 1984-12-24 1986-08-13 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Procédé pour la fabrication d'aimants permanents et aimant permanent
US4753675A (en) * 1986-10-17 1988-06-28 Ovonic Synthetic Materials, Inc. Method of preparing a magnetic material
EP0344018A2 (fr) * 1988-05-26 1989-11-29 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Aimant permanent de terre rare
EP0356279A1 (fr) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-28 Bull S.A. Procédé d'obtention d'un matériau magnétique transparent à la lumière et de forte résistivité
EP0397264A1 (fr) * 1989-05-10 1990-11-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Matériau magnétique dur et aimant réalisé en ce matériau

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23(1987)September, No511, New York, pages 3098-3100 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 4, no. 109 (E-20)(591) 6 August 1980 & JP-55 067 110 ( SUWA SEIKOSHA K.K. ) 21 May 1980 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4116857A1 (de) * 1991-05-23 1992-11-26 Siemens Ag Magnetmaterial mit thmn(pfeil abwaerts)1(pfeil abwaerts)(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)-kristallstruktur und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
US5720828A (en) * 1992-08-21 1998-02-24 Martinex R&D Inc. Permanent magnet material containing a rare-earth element, iron, nitrogen and carbon
EP0594309A1 (fr) * 1992-10-19 1994-04-27 Inland Steel Company Matériau non-uniaxe pour aimant permanent
US5403408A (en) * 1992-10-19 1995-04-04 Inland Steel Company Non-uniaxial permanent magnet material
DE4243048A1 (de) * 1992-12-18 1994-06-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hartmagnetischen Materials auf Basis des Stoffsystems Sm-Fe-C
FR2704087A1 (fr) * 1993-04-13 1994-10-21 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Compositions d'alliages intermétalliques pour la fabrication d'aimants permanents à base de terres rares, de fer et d'un additif métallique, procédé de synthèse et utilisations.
EP1589544A1 (fr) * 2003-01-28 2005-10-26 TDK Corporation Composition magnetique dure, poudre pour aimant permanent, procede de preparation d'une poudre pour aimant permanent et aimant agglomere
EP1589544A4 (fr) * 2003-01-28 2008-03-26 Tdk Corp Composition magnetique dure, poudre pour aimant permanent, procede de preparation d'une poudre pour aimant permanent et aimant agglomere
US7465363B2 (en) 2003-01-28 2008-12-16 Tdk Corporation Hard magnetic composition, permanent magnet powder, method for permanent magnet powder, and bonded magnet
US20110133112A1 (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-09 Hitachi, Ltd. Ferromagnetic compound magnet
US8764917B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2014-07-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Ferromagnetic compound magnet
WO2017211921A1 (fr) 2016-06-10 2017-12-14 Basf Se Matériaux magnétocaloriques comprenant du manganèse, du fer, du silicium, du phosphore et du carbone
CN109313971A (zh) * 2016-06-10 2019-02-05 巴斯夫欧洲公司 包含锰、铁、硅、磷和碳的磁热材料
US11410803B2 (en) 2016-06-10 2022-08-09 Technische Universiteit Delft Magnetocaloric materials comprising manganese, iron, silicon, phosphorus and carbon

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GR3017387T3 (en) 1995-12-31
ATE124165T1 (de) 1995-07-15
PT99903A (pt) 1992-12-31
DK0493019T3 (da) 1995-11-20
EP0493019B1 (fr) 1995-06-21
DE69110644T2 (de) 1995-12-14
ES2074237T3 (es) 1995-09-01
JPH06145880A (ja) 1994-05-27
DE69110644D1 (de) 1995-07-27
CA2058283A1 (fr) 1992-06-22
EP0493019A3 (en) 1992-11-19

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