EP0490989A1 - Dispositif a polymere conducteur - Google Patents

Dispositif a polymere conducteur

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Publication number
EP0490989A1
EP0490989A1 EP90914344A EP90914344A EP0490989A1 EP 0490989 A1 EP0490989 A1 EP 0490989A1 EP 90914344 A EP90914344 A EP 90914344A EP 90914344 A EP90914344 A EP 90914344A EP 0490989 A1 EP0490989 A1 EP 0490989A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heater
fuse
standard
composition
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90914344A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0490989B1 (fr
Inventor
Arthur F. Emmett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Corp
Original Assignee
Raychem Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Corp filed Critical Raychem Corp
Publication of EP0490989A1 publication Critical patent/EP0490989A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0490989B1 publication Critical patent/EP0490989B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables

Definitions

  • This invention relates to conductive polymer compositions and strip heaters comprising them, in particular self-regulating strip heaters which comprise a pair of elongate metal electrodes embedded in an elongate core of a conductive polymer composition which exhibits PTC behavior.
  • a conductive polymer composition comprises a polymeric component and, dispersed or otherwise distributed therein, a particulate conductive filler.
  • Strip heaters particularly self-regulating strip heaters comprising conductive polymers, are also well- known.
  • the term strip heater is used to mean a conductive polymer resistive element into which elongate electrodes are embedded. In operation, such strip heaters provide a varying level of heat in response to changes in the thermal environment. Under normal operating conditions, this self-regulating feature serves to limit the maximum temperature which the heater achieves, thus providing reliability and safety.
  • this invention discloses a strip heater assembly which comprises
  • a resistive element which is composed of a first conductive polymer composition which comprises
  • the particulate nonconductive filler being such that when the first composition is made into a standard strip heater as hereinafter defined and the standard heater is tested in a standard arcing fault test as hereinafter defined, it trips the fuse in less than 30 seconds.
  • the invention discloses a strip heater assembly which comprises
  • a resistive element which is composed of a conductive polymer composition which comprises
  • the particulate nonconductive filler being such that when the composition is made into a standard strip heater and the standard heater is tested in a standard arcing fault test it trips the fuse in less than 30 seconds.
  • the invention discloses a strip heater circuit which comprises
  • a resistive element which is composed of a conductive polymer composition which comprises
  • the particulate nonconductive filler being such that when the composition is made into a standard strip heater and the standard heater is tested in a standard arcing fault test it trips the fuse in less than 30 seconds.
  • the invention further includes, in a fourth aspect, strip heaters which are useful in the assemblies and circuit defined above and are novel in their own right, namely, a strip heater which comprises a first conductive polymer composition comprising ( 1 ) a polymer ,
  • a strip heater which comprises a first conductive polymer composition comprising
  • the invention further includes, in a sixth aspect, con ⁇ ductive polymers which are useful in the assemblies, circuit and strip heaters defined above and are useful in their own right, namely a melt-extrudable first conductive polymer composition which comprises
  • said first composition being such that when the first composition is made into a standard strip heater
  • the invention describes a melt- extrudable first conductive polymer composition which comprises
  • said first composition being such that when the first composition is made into a standard strip heater
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a standard strip heater of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of a strip heater of the invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a strip heater along line 3-3 of Figure 2.
  • the first conductive polymer composition of this invention comprises a polymer which may be an organic polymer (such term being used to include siloxanes) , preferably a crystalline organic polymer, an amorphous thermoplastic polymer (such as polycarbonate or polystyrene) , an elastomer (such as polybutadiene or ethylene/propylene/diene (EPDM) polymer) , or a blend comprising at least one of these.
  • organic polymer such term being used to include siloxanes
  • a crystalline organic polymer such as polycarbonate or polystyrene
  • an elastomer such as polybutadiene or ethylene/propylene/diene (EPDM) polymer
  • EPDM ethylene/propylene/diene
  • Suitable crystalline polymers include polymers of one or more olefins, particularly polyethylene; copolymers of at least one olefin and at least one monomer copolymerisable therewith such as ethylene/acrylic acid, ethylene/ethyl acrylate, and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers; melt-shapeable fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene; and blends of two or more such crystalline polymers. Suitable polymers and compositions comprising them may be found in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Crystalline polymers are particularly preferred, although not required, when it is desired that the composition exhibit PTC (positive temperature coefficient) behavior.
  • PTC behavior is used in this specifi- cation to denote a composition or an electrical device which has an R14 value of at least 2.5 or an R ⁇ .oo value of at least 10, and preferably both, and particularly one which has an R30 value of at least 6, where R14 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 14°C range, RT_QO is tne ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 100°C range, and R30 is the ratio of the resistivities at the end and the beginning of a 30°C range.
  • the composition also comprises a particulate conductive filler which is dispersed or otherwise distributed in the polymer.
  • the particulate conductive filler may be, for example, carbon black, graphite, metal, metal oxide, or a combination of these.
  • the conductive filler may itself comprise a conductive polymer in which a par ⁇ ticulate conductive filler is distributed in a polymer matrix and the matrix is then ground into particles before being dispersed in another polymeric matrix.
  • the par ⁇ ticulate conductive filler is present in the composition in an amount suitable for achieving the desired resistivity, normally 5 to 50% by weight of the composition, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, particularly 15 to 30% by weight.
  • the particulate nonconductive filler comprises a material which is electrically insulating, i.e. has a resistivity of greater than 1 x 10 ⁇ ohm-cm.
  • the nonconductive filler has a melting temperature of less than 1000°C.
  • Suitable materials include metal oxides which are easily reduced, e.g. Sb2 ⁇ 3, Pb ⁇ 2, B2O3, M0O3, and Bi2 ⁇ 3.
  • easily reduced means that the material has a reduction potential of less than +0.5 volts, preferably less than +0.4 volts, particularly less than +0.375 volts.
  • Sb2 ⁇ 3 is particularly preferred.
  • the filler is preferably in the form of particles which have a particle size of 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly 0.05 to 50 ⁇ m, especially 0.10 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the nonconductive filler may be single material or it may comprise a blend of metal oxides or a metal oxide and another particulate filler.
  • a blend of Sb 2 ⁇ 3 and decabromodiphenyloxide (also known as decabromodiphenylether) , DBDPO is commonly used as a flame retardant package in polymers, the presence of the DBDPO or any other halogenated material is not necessary for satisfactory performance in the compositions of the invention.
  • the conductive polymer composition may also comprise inert fillers, antioxidants, prorads, stabilizers, dispersing agents, or other components. Mixing is preferably effected by melt- processing, e.g. melt-extrusion. Subsequent processing steps may include extrusion, molding, or another procedure in order to form and shape the composition.
  • the composition may be crosslinked by irradiation or chemical means .
  • the conductive polymer composition may be used in any current carrying electrical device, e.g. a circuit protection device, a sensor, or, most commonly, a heater.
  • the heater may be in the form of either a strip or a laminar sheet in which the resistive element comprises the composition of the invention.
  • Strip heaters may be of any cross-section, e.g. rectangular, elliptical, or dumbell ("dogbone") .
  • Appropriate electrodes, suitable for connection to a source of electrical power, are selected depending on the shape of the electrical device. Electrodes may comprise metal wires or braid, e.g. for attachment to or embedment into the conductive polymer, or they may comprise metal sheet, metal mesh, conductive (e.g. metal- or carbon- filled) paint, or other suitable materials.
  • the resistive element In order to provide environmental protection and electrical insulation, it is common for the resistive element to be covered by a dielectric layer, e.g. a polymeric jacket (for strip heaters) or an epoxy layer (for circuit protection devices).
  • the dielectric layer may comprise flame retardants or other fillers.
  • a metallic grounding braid is present over the dielectric layer in order to provide physical reinforcement and a means of electrically grounding the strip heater.
  • compositions of this invention are particularly useful when, in the form of strip heaters, they are used in conjunction with a fuse and act to "trip" the fuse faster than strip heaters comprising conventional materials.
  • a fuse "trips" when the current in the circuit comprising the fuse exceeds the rated value of the fuse.
  • Fuses are categorized based on their overload fusing characteristics, i.e. the relationship between the value of current through the fuse and the time for the fuse to open as described in Bulletin SFB, "Buss Small Dimension Fuses", May 1985, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Of the major categories (slow blowing, non-delay, and very fast acting), it is very fast acting fuses which are most useful in this invention.
  • fuses have little, if any, inten ⁇ tional delay in the overload region.
  • fuses which are particularly preferred are very fast-acting ceramic ferrule fuses with a current rating of 10 amperes and a voltage rating of 125/250 volts.
  • Such fuses are available, for example, from the Bussman Division of Cooper Industries under the name Buss GBB"-10.
  • the fuse may be an independent component in the circuit or it may be in a fused plug assembly, i.e. an assembly in which the fuse is part of the plug which connects the strip heater to the power source, e.g. an outlet or a power supply.
  • Strip heaters of the invention are commonly used in a strip heater assembly which comprises the strip heater and a fuse.
  • the strip heater is a component of a strip heater circuit which comprises the strip heater, a power supply, and a fuse.
  • the power supply can be any suitable source of power including portable power supplies and mains power sources.
  • Other components, such as resistors, thermostats, and indicating lights, may also be present in the circuit.
  • a “standard strip heater” is one in which a conductive polymer composition is melt- extruded around two 22 AWG stranded nickel/copper wires to produce a strip heater of flat, elliptical shape as shown in Figure 1.
  • the heater has an electrode spacing of 0.10 inch (0.25 cm) from, the center of one electrode to the center of the second electrode.
  • the thickness of the heater at a point centered between the electrodes is 0.08 inch (0.20 cm).
  • the heater is jacketed with a composition which contains- 31.9% by weight of a standard flame retardant package as described in Example 1.
  • the jacket is 0.030 inch (0.076 cm) thick.
  • the standard strip heater is tested by means of a "standard arcing fault test".
  • a standard strip heater is connected in a circuit to a power supply and a 10A, 125/250V fuse. An arc is initiated between two exposed electrodes of the heater and the time to interrupt the current and extinguish the arc by means of tripping the fuse is recorded.
  • a standard strip heater which comprises the composition of the invention (i.e. a first conductive polymer composition) trips the fuse faster than a second strip heater which comprises a second conductive polymer composition, i.e. a composition which is the same as the first composition except that it does not comprise the nonconductive particulate filler.
  • the time to trip a fuse for the standard heater generally will be at least two times as fast, preferably at least three times as fast, par ⁇ ticularly at least five times as fast, e.g. five to eight times as fast as the second heater.
  • the standard heater will trip the fuse in at most half the time required to trip the fuse in a circuit which comprises a second heater.
  • a standard strip heater of the invention normally will trip the fuse in less than 30 seconds, preferably in less than 25 seconds, particularly in less than 20 seconds, e.g. in 5 to 10 seconds.
  • An additional aspect of the invention is that the addition of the nonconductive particulate filler results in an increase in the number of current spikes observed during the arcing fault test.
  • the amplitude of the spikes is similar for both types of heaters, there generally will be at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, par ⁇ ticularly at least 4 times as many current spikes in a given period, e.g. 30 seconds, for the heater comprising the first composition.
  • a second test which is conducted on heaters comprising the first composition of the invention is the UL VW-1 vertical-wire flame test (Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords, UL 1581, No. 1080, August 15, 1983.
  • a heater sample is held in a vertical position while a flame is applied.
  • the sample cannot "flame" longer than 60 seconds following any of five 15-second applications of the test flame.
  • the period between sequential applications of the test flame is either 15 seconds (if the sample ceases flaming within 15 seconds) or the duration of the sample flaming time if the flaming lasts longer than 15 seconds.
  • combustible materials in the vicinity of the sample cannot be ignited by the sample during the test.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a standard strip heater 1. Electrodes 5, 7 are embedded in the first conductive polymer composition 3 (the resistive element) . A polymeric jacket 9 surrounds the heater core.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of strip heater 1 which has been prepared for the arcing fault test described below. A V-shaped notch 11 is cut through the polymeric jacket 9 and the conductive polymer composition 3 on one surface of the heater in order to expose electrodes 5 and 7.
  • the cross-sectional view of the heater along line 3-3 is shown in Figure 3. Electrodes 5, 7 remain partially embedded in the conductive polymer 3.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following examples.
  • the ingredients listed in Table I were preblended and then mixed in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder to form pellets.
  • the pelletized composition was extruded through a 1.5 inch (3.8 cm) extruder around two 22 AWG stranded nickel/copper wires to produce a strip heater.
  • the heater had an electrode spacing of 0.106 inch (0.269 cm) from center-to-center and a thickness of 0.083 inch (0.211 cm) at a center point between the wires.
  • the heater was jacketed with a 0.030 inch (0.076 cm) layer of a composition containing 10% by weight ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), 36.8% medium density polyethylene, 10.3% ethylene/ propylene rubber, 23.4% decabromodiphenyloxide, 8.5% antimony oxide, 9.4% talc, 1.0% magnesium oxide, and 0.7% antioxidant.
  • EVA ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer
  • EVA ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer
  • medium density polyethylene 10.3% ethylene/ propylene rubber
  • 23.4% decabromodiphenyloxide 8.5% antimony oxide
  • 9.4% talc 1.0% magnesium oxide, and 0.7% antioxidant.
  • the heater was tested using the standard arcing fault test described below. The results are shown in Table II. In a related test, the amplitude and frequency of the current spikes produced when a heater was tested following the procedure of the arcing fault test but without the use of a fuse were recorded. In this modified arcing fault test, the samples were allowed to burn for three minutes after a flame was initiated. The results are shown in Table III.
  • the heater was tested following the procedures of the UL VW-1 vertical-wire flame test (Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords, UL 1581, No. 1080, August 15, 1983). Of the 10 samples tested, five passed the test. These results are shown in Table IV. S an-ard Arcing Faul Test
  • a standard, jacketed 25 inch- (64 cm-) long strip heater was prepared by stripping one inch (2.5 cm) of jacket and core material from a first end to expose the two electrodes.
  • a transverse v-shaped notch was cut half-way through the thickness of the heater 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the second end and the jacket and core polymer were removed from the top half in order to expose part of each of the two electrodes.
  • the electrodes at the first end were connected in a circuit in series with a 120V/1OOA power supply, a contactor relay, a 0.1 ohm/100 watt shunt resistor, and a 10A, 125/250V very fast acting fuse (Buss GBBTM-10, available from the Bussman Division of Cooper Industries) .
  • a chart recorder was connected across the shunt resistor in order to measure the voltage drop. When the relay was closed, the sample was powered. A sufficient quantity of 10 to 20% saline solution was applied to the exposed v-notch until an arcing fault was initiated. The chart recorder was monitored until the current was interrupted and the arc was extinguished (i.e. until the fuse tripped) . Both the time duration of the arc, as determined from the current spikes on the chart, and the distance of arc fault propagation on the strip heater were measured. In some instances, the number of current spikes present during the arcing fault was also determined.
  • pellets of the composition of Example 1 were preblended with the inorganic materials in the proportions shown in Table I. After mixing in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and pelletizing, the c ⁇ mpositions were extruded to form strip heaters with the same geometry as that of Example 1 and were jacketed as in Example 1. The results of the arcing fault test and the vertical flame test are shown in Tables II and IV. It is apparent that those compositions which contain Sb2 ⁇ 3 have significantly faster trip times in the arc fault test than comparable materials which do not contain the filler.
  • a strip heater formed from the composition of Example 2 was also tested following the modified arcing fault test described in Example 1. As shown in the results in Table III, the amplitude of the current spikes and the burn rate were comparable for both the conventional composition (Example 1) and the composition of the invention (Example 2). The major difference occurred in the frequency of the current spikes; the spikes were much more prevalent for the composition of the invention than for the conventional material.
  • Example 8 Following the procedure of Example 1, the ingredients listed in Table I were preblended, mixed in a co-rotating twin screw extruder, and pelletized. The pellets were extruded over two 16 AWG 19-strand nickel-coated copper wire electrodes to produce a strip heater with a wire spacing of 0.285 inch (0.724 cm) center-to-center and a thickness of 0.057 inch (0.145 cm) at a position intermediate to the electrodes. The heater was jacketed with the same material as in Example 1. The results of testing are shown in Tables II and IV. Example 8
  • Example 7 Pellets of the composition of Example 7 were blended with 11.7% by weight decabromodiphenyloxide and 4.3% Sb2 ⁇ 3 before extrusion into pellets. The pellets were extruded to form a strip heater as in Example 7. The results of testing are shown in Tables II and IV.
  • EEA is ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer.
  • CB is carbon black with a particle size of 28 nm.
  • MDPE medium density polyethylene
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • Antioxidant is an oligomer of 4,4-thio bis (3-methyl 1-6-t-butyl phenol) with an average degree of polymerisation of 3 to 4, as described in U.S.
  • Sb 2 0 3 is antimony trioxide with a particle size of 1.0 to 1.8 ⁇ .
  • ZnO is zinc oxide with a particle size of 0.15 ⁇ .
  • Al 2 0 3 3H 2 0 is alumina trihydrate with a particle size of 0.15 ⁇ .
  • DBDPO is decabromodiphenyl oxide (also known as decabromodiphenylether) , Table II

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

Composition de polymère conducteur pouvant être extrudée en fusion, contenant un polymère, une matière de remplissage particulaire conductrice et une matière de remplissage particulaire non conductrice. Lorsque l'on fabrique un dispositif de chauffage à bandes normal à partir de la composition, et lorsqu'on l'essaie selon le test UL VW-1, il présente des performances comparables à celles d'un dispositif de chauffage réalisé à partir d'une seconde composition laquelle est identique à la première composition mais ne contient pas la matière de remplissage non conductrice. Lorsqu'on le teste selon un test de défaillance d'allumage normalisé, ledit dispositif de chauffage normal fait sauter un fusible en moins de temps qu'il n'en faut au second dispositif de chauffage, c'est-à-dire en moins de 30 secondes. La matière de remplissage non conductrice préférée est Sb2O3.
EP90914344A 1989-09-08 1990-09-10 Dispositif a polymere conducteur Expired - Lifetime EP0490989B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40473089A 1989-09-08 1989-09-08
US404730 1989-09-08
PCT/US1990/005102 WO1991003822A1 (fr) 1989-09-08 1990-09-10 Dispositif a polymere conducteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0490989A1 true EP0490989A1 (fr) 1992-06-24
EP0490989B1 EP0490989B1 (fr) 1999-11-24

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EP90914344A Expired - Lifetime EP0490989B1 (fr) 1989-09-08 1990-09-10 Dispositif a polymere conducteur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0490989B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05500884A (fr)
KR (1) KR920704316A (fr)
AT (1) ATE187013T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2066254C (fr)
DE (1) DE69033364T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991003822A1 (fr)

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WO2016010756A1 (fr) 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Gentherm Canada Ltd. Élément chauffant conducteur auto-régulateur et procédé de fabrication associé

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016010756A1 (fr) 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Gentherm Canada Ltd. Élément chauffant conducteur auto-régulateur et procédé de fabrication associé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69033364T2 (de) 2000-07-27
ATE187013T1 (de) 1999-12-15
DE69033364D1 (de) 1999-12-30
JPH05500884A (ja) 1993-02-18
WO1991003822A1 (fr) 1991-03-21
CA2066254C (fr) 1999-11-02
CA2066254A1 (fr) 1991-03-09
EP0490989B1 (fr) 1999-11-24
KR920704316A (ko) 1992-12-19

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