EP0488103B1 - Inter-communication device between articulated railway carriages - Google Patents
Inter-communication device between articulated railway carriages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0488103B1 EP0488103B1 EP91120046A EP91120046A EP0488103B1 EP 0488103 B1 EP0488103 B1 EP 0488103B1 EP 91120046 A EP91120046 A EP 91120046A EP 91120046 A EP91120046 A EP 91120046A EP 0488103 B1 EP0488103 B1 EP 0488103B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intercommunication
- bogie
- receiving means
- ring
- base
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/20—Communication passages between coaches; Adaptation of coach ends therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F3/00—Types of bogies
- B61F3/12—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
- B61F5/16—Centre bearings or other swivel connections between underframes and bolsters or bogies
Definitions
- the invention relates to an intercirculation device between two cars of a rail transport unit, the cars being articulated together as is the case for high-speed trains.
- the ends of the cars are either load-bearing or carried.
- a load-bearing end rests on a bogie and supports a carried end.
- the intercirculation ring is formed by the association of a carrying ring (secured to the carrying end of a car) and a fixed ring (secured to the carried end of the adjacent car) .
- the carrier ring rests on the bogie by means of secondary suspension elements.
- the worn ring is articulated to the carrying ring thanks to a ball joint.
- a new intercirculation device comprising an intercirculation ring formed in a single part and integral with the bogie.
- the ends of the cars have identical members intended to hang on the intercirculation ring.
- the subject of the invention is therefore an intercirculation device between two cars of a rail transport unit, the cars being articulated together, and connected by a bogie, the device comprising an interconnection base secured to the bogie connecting the two cars. , the ends of the cars comprising identical hooking means intended for cooperate with reception means carried by said base to articulate the cars with one another, these reception means being arranged in a structure symmetrical with respect to the center of the bogie, this intercirculation device having the characteristics of the characterizing part of Claim 1.
- each end of the car comprises a platform of reduced width compared to the width of the car, the end of the platform comprising at its lower part a hooking element.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an intercirculation ring 1 according to the invention and equipped with various members: vertical suspension cylinders 2, lateral suspension cylinders 3, connecting rods 4.
- the ring 1 also includes a pivot hinge 5.
- the ring 1 is made from sheets (for example steel or aluminum) cut and formed and which have been welded together. It comprises a base 6, a roof 7 and two lateral flanks 8. The movement of passengers from one car to another will therefore be by passage inside the ring.
- the lateral sides 8 have horizontal arms 9 in the lower part where the vertical suspension cylinders 2 are hung. Under the base 6, the other members 3 and 4 can also be hung using conventional techniques for those skilled in the art.
- the intercirculation ring comprises a part intended to receive fastening elements carried by cars.
- this receiving part is a hinge pivot 5.
- the hinge pivot 5 comprises a kind of vase 10 provided in its center with a stud 11.
- the vase 10 is centered in a hole made in one of the sheets constituting the base of the ring 1 and rests on a bottom sheet.
- the articulation pivot 5 is fixed to the base 6, for example by welding.
- the intercirculation ring is made integral with the bogie supporting the ends of two vehicles.
- This can for example be the bogie 20 shown in FIG. 2 and which consists of two side members 21 joined by two crosspieces 22.
- Each crosspiece is provided transversely with arms 23 intended to support axles not shown by means of axle-carrying elements 24 fixed to the arms 23.
- the ring 1 is fixed to the bogie 20 by means of the suspension members 2, 3 and by means of the connecting rods 4.
- the vertical suspension jacks 2 have their ends shown free in FIG. 1 retained between the external parts of the flanges 25.
- the two jacks of lateral suspension 3, fixed on one side to the base of the ring 1, are fixed on the other side to the bogie according to the internal parts of two pairs of flanges 25 not located opposite.
- the two immobilizing connecting rods 4 between ring and bogie are fixed in opposition to the fixing elements 26 secured to the bogie. These connecting rods are used to take up the traction and braking forces.
- the articulation ring 1 being thus mounted on the bogie 20, the articulation pivot is located in the center of the bogie.
- FIG. 3 represents one of the ends of a car 30, it being understood that the other end is identical to it.
- the end of the car ends in a central platform 31 of reduced width compared to the width of the car.
- the end of the platform 31 has, at its lower part, a hooking element 32 intended to be inserted in the articulation pivot 5 of the ring 1, between the stud 11 and the edge of the vase 10 who is the most close to the car.
- the attachment element 32 has a section in the form of a crown sector so that it can be inserted into the articulation pivot 5.
- FIG. 4 represents, in longitudinal section, a partial view of the intercirculation device according to the invention.
- the articulation pivot 5 carried by the ring 1
- the attachment elements 32 carried by the ends 31 of the cars 30.
- Each attachment element 32 fits into the annular depression of the articulation pivot 5.
- the articulation of the cars is achieved by a circular movement of the fastening elements 32 around the stud 11. These circular movements are ensured and controlled by orientation systems 35 placed between each fastening element 32 and the pivot of articulation 5.
- FIG. 5 represents an elastic orientation system 35 usable by the device according to the invention. It is formed by two elastic blocks 36 and 37 in the form of a metal-rubber crown sector for example, the sectors being at the same angle at the top.
- the blocks 36 and 37 are made integral with one another by a strip 38, preferably metallic, for example steel, to which they are fixed.
- the orientation system 35 is placed in the articulation pivot 5, on either side of the stud 11.
- the block 37 can be fixed by its external face 39 on the stud 11.
- the block 36 can be fixed by its external face 40 on the peripheral internal face of the vessel 10.
- Each attachment element 32 is then placed in the interior space delimited by the band 38 to occupy all this space there.
- attachment element 32 There may be mechanical connections between the attachment element 32 and faces of the orientation system 35 in contact with this element.
- a system of the tenon and mortise type can be provided between the blocks 36 and 37 (and the corresponding parts of the strip 38) and the hooking element 32.
- the rigidity of the rubber constituting the blocks 36 and 37 ensures the rotation of the cars while allowing an elastic return.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
- Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Chain Conveyers (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'intercirculation entre deux voitures d'une unité de transport ferroviaire, les voitures étant articulées entre elles comme c'est le cas pour les trains à grande vitesse.The invention relates to an intercirculation device between two cars of a rail transport unit, the cars being articulated together as is the case for high-speed trains.
Dans les trains modernes à grande vitesse du type TGV, la circulation entre les voitures est assurée par un anneau d'intercirculation. Cet anneau est situé en position centrale d'un bogie puisque, pour ce type de train, les bogies des voitures sont situés aux extrémités des voitures, un même bogie supportant l'extrémité d'une voiture et l'extrémité de la voiture suivante.In modern high-speed trains of the TGV type, circulation between the cars is ensured by an intercirculation ring. This ring is located in the central position of a bogie since, for this type of train, the bogies of the cars are located at the ends of the cars, the same bogie supporting the end of one car and the end of the next car.
Les extrémités des voitures sont soit porteuses soit portées. Une extrémité porteuse repose sur un bogie et supporte une extrémité portée. En fait, l'anneau d'intercirculation est constitué par l'association d'un anneau porteur (solidaire de l'extrémité porteuse d'une voiture) et d'un anneau fixe (solidaire de l'extrémité portée de la voiture adjacente). L'anneau porteur repose sur le bogie par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de suspension secondaire. L'anneau porté est articulé à l'anneau porteur grâce à une rotule.The ends of the cars are either load-bearing or carried. A load-bearing end rests on a bogie and supports a carried end. In fact, the intercirculation ring is formed by the association of a carrying ring (secured to the carrying end of a car) and a fixed ring (secured to the carried end of the adjacent car) . The carrier ring rests on the bogie by means of secondary suspension elements. The worn ring is articulated to the carrying ring thanks to a ball joint.
Une telle conception de liaison entre caisses de voitures ne permet pas leur réversibilité puisqu' à une extrémité porteuse d'une caisse doit correspondre l'extrémité portée d'une autre caisse. Le fait que les voitures ne sont pas réversibles est évidemment un inconvénient.Such a connection design between car bodies does not allow their reversibility since at one load-bearing end of one body must correspond the carried end of another body. The fact that cars are not reversible is obviously a drawback.
Le même problème se pose avec un dispositif d'intercirculation selon le document US-A-3,922,971 où les voitures contigues s'articulent autour d'une couronne commune placée sur le bogie, par le biais de moyens d'accrochage différentsThe same problem arises with an intercirculation device according to document US-A-3,922,971 where the adjoining cars are articulated around a common crown placed on the bogie, by means of different attachment means.
L'invention a pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient. On propose donc un nouveau dispositif d'intercirculation comprenant un anneau d'intercirculation formé en une seule partie et solidaire du bogie. Les extrémités des voitures comportent des organes identiques destinés à venir s'accrocher sur l'anneau d'intercirculation.The invention aims to remedy this drawback. A new intercirculation device is therefore proposed, comprising an intercirculation ring formed in a single part and integral with the bogie. The ends of the cars have identical members intended to hang on the intercirculation ring.
L'invention a donc pour objet un dispositif d'intercirculation entre deux voitures d'une unité de transport ferroviaire, les voitures étant articulées entre elles, et reliées par un bogie le dispositif comprenant une base d'intercirculation solidaire du bogie reliant les deux voitures, les extrémités des voitures comportant des moyens d'accrochage identiques destinés à coopérer avec des moyens de réception portés par ladite base pour réaliser l'articulation des voitures entre elles, ces moyens de réception étant disposés selon une structure symétrique par rapport au centre du bogie, ce dispositif d'intercirculation ayant les caractéristiques de la partie Caractérisante de la Revendication 1.The subject of the invention is therefore an intercirculation device between two cars of a rail transport unit, the cars being articulated together, and connected by a bogie, the device comprising an interconnection base secured to the bogie connecting the two cars. , the ends of the cars comprising identical hooking means intended for cooperate with reception means carried by said base to articulate the cars with one another, these reception means being arranged in a structure symmetrical with respect to the center of the bogie, this intercirculation device having the characteristics of the characterizing part of
Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation, chaque extrémité de voiture comporte une plate-forme de largeur réduite par rapport à la largeur de la voiture, l'extrémité de la plate-forme comportant à sa partie inférieure un élément d'accrochage.According to a preferred embodiment, each end of the car comprises a platform of reduced width compared to the width of the car, the end of the platform comprising at its lower part a hooking element.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre non limitatif, accompagnée des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente un anneau d'intercirculation selon l'invention,
- la figure 2 représente un bogie sur lequel peut être fixé l'anneau d'intercirculation,
- la figure 3 représente une extrémité de voiture ferroviaire comportant un élément d'accrochage selon l'invention,
- la figure 4 représente une vue partielle d'un dispositif d'intercirculation selon l'invention,
- la figure 5 représente un système d'orientation pouvant être utilisé dans un dispositif d'intercirculation selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 represents an intercirculation ring according to the invention,
- FIG. 2 represents a bogie on which the intercirculation ring can be fixed,
- FIG. 3 represents an end of a railway car comprising a fastening element according to the invention,
- FIG. 4 represents a partial view of an intercirculation device according to the invention,
- FIG. 5 represents an orientation system which can be used in an intercirculation device according to the invention.
Sur la figure 1, on a représenté un anneau d'intercirculation 1 selon l'invention et équipé de divers organes : des vérins de suspension verticale 2, des vérins de suspension latérale 3, des bielles 4. L'anneau 1 comprend aussi un pivot d'articulation 5.In Figure 1, there is shown an
L'anneau 1 est constitué à partir de tôles (par exemple en acier ou en aluminium) découpées et formées et qui ont été soudées ensemble. Il comprend une base 6, un toit 7 et deux flancs latéraux 8. La circulation des passagers d'une voiture à l'autre se fera donc par passage à l'intérieur de l'anneau. Les flancs latéraux 8 présentent en partie basse des bras horizontaux 9 où sont accrochés les vérins de suspension verticale 2. Sous la base 6, les autres organes 3 et 4 peuvent également être accrochés selon des techniques classiques pour l'homme de l'art.The
L'anneau d'intercirculation comprend une partie destinée à recevoir des éléments d'accrochage portés par les voitures. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté à la figure 1, cette pièce de réception est un pivot d'articulation 5. Le pivot d'articulation 5 comprend une sorte de vase 10 pourvu en son centre d'un téton 11. Le vase 10 est centré dans un trou pratiqué dans l'une des tôles constituant la base de l'anneau 1 et repose sur une tôle de fond. Le pivot d'articulation 5 est fixé sur la base 6, par exemple par soudure.The intercirculation ring comprises a part intended to receive fastening elements carried by cars. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, this receiving part is a
L'anneau d'intercirculation est rendu solidaire du bogie supportant les extrémités de deux véhicules. Ce peut être par exemple le bogie 20 représenté à la figure 2 et qui est constitué de deux longerons 21 réunis par deux traverses 22. Chaque traverse est pourvue transversalement de bras 23 destinés à supporter des essieux non représentés au moyen d'éléments porte-essieux 24 fixés aux bras 23.The intercirculation ring is made integral with the bogie supporting the ends of two vehicles. This can for example be the
L'anneau 1 est fixé au bogie 20 grâce aux organes de suspension 2, 3 et grâce aux bielles 4. Les vérins de suspension verticale 2 ont leurs extrémités représentées libres à la figure 1 retenues entre les parties externes de flasques 25. Les deux vérins de suspension latérale 3, fixés d'un côté à la base de l'anneau 1, sont fixés de l'autre côté au bogie selon les parties internes de deux paires de flasques 25 non situés en vis-à-vis. Les deux bielles 4 d'immobilisation entre anneau et bogie sont fixées en opposition aux éléments de fixation 26 solidaires du bogie. Ces bielles servent à reprendre les efforts de traction et de freinage.The
L'anneau d'articulation 1 étant ainsi monté sur le bogie 20, le pivot d'articulation se trouve situé au centre du bogie.The
La figure 3 représente l'une des extrémités d'une voiture 30, étant entendu que l'autre extrémité lui est identique. L'extrémité de la voiture se termine par une plate-forme centrale 31 de largeur réduite par rapport à la largeur de la voiture. L'extrémité de la plate-forme 31 comporte, à sa partie inférieure, un élément d'accrochage 32 destiné à s'insérer dans le pivot d'articulation 5 de l'anneau 1, entre le téton 11 et le bord du vase 10 qui est le plus proche de la voiture. L'élément d'accrochage 32 a une section en forme de secteur de couronne pour pouvoir s'insérer dans le pivot d'articulation 5.FIG. 3 represents one of the ends of a
La figure 4 représente, en coupe longitudinale, une vue partielle du dispositif d'intercirculation selon l'invention. On reconnaît sur cette figure les différents éléments faisant partie du dispositif d'intercirculation : le pivot d'articulation 5 porté par l'anneau 1 et les éléments d'accrochage 32 portés par les extrémités 31 des voitures 30. Chaque élément d'accrochage 32 s'insère dans la dépression annulaire du pivot d'articulation 5.FIG. 4 represents, in longitudinal section, a partial view of the intercirculation device according to the invention. We recognize in this figure the different elements forming part of the intercirculation device: the
L'articulation des voitures est réalisé par un mouvement circulaire des éléments d'accrochage 32 autour du téton 11. Ces mouvements circulaires sont assurés et contrôlés par des systèmes d'orientation 35 placés entre chaque élément d'accrochage 32 et le pivot d'articulation 5.The articulation of the cars is achieved by a circular movement of the
La figure 5 représente un système d'orientation élastique 35 utilisable par le dispositif selon l'invention. Il est formé de deux blocs élastiques 36 et 37 en forme de secteur de couronne en métal-caoutchouc par exemple, les secteurs étant de même angle au sommet. Les blocs 36 et 37 sont rendus solidaires entre eux par une bande 38 de préférence métallique, par exemple en acier, à laquelle ils sont fixés. Le système d'orientation 35 est placé dans le pivot d'articulation 5, de part et d'autre du téton 11. Le bloc 37 peut être fixé par sa face externe 39 sur le téton 11. Le bloc 36 peut être fixé par sa face externe 40 sur la face interne périphérique du vase 10. Chaque élément d'accrochage 32 est alors placé dans l'espace intérieur délimité par la bande 38 pour y occuper tout cet espace.FIG. 5 represents an
Il peut y avoir des liaisons mécaniques entre l'élément d'accrochage 32 et des faces du système d'orientation 35 en contact avec cet élément. Par exemple, un système du type tenons et mortaises peut être prévu entre les blocs 36 et 37 (et les parties correspondantes de la bande 38) et l'élément d'accrochage 32.There may be mechanical connections between the
La rigidité du caoutchouc constituant les blocs 36 et 37 assure la rotation des voitures tout en permettant un rappel élastique.The rigidity of the rubber constituting the
Claims (7)
- Intercommunication device disposed between two railway carriages articulated together and linked by a bogie (20), comprising an intercommunication base (6) fastened to said bogie (20), the ends (30) of the railway carriages comprising identical coupling means (32) adapted to cooperate with receiving means (5, 10 and 11) carried by said articulation base (6), said coupling means (32) and said receiving means (5, 10 and 11) forming a symmetrical structure, characterised in that:- said intercommunication base (6) is disposed at the centre of said bogie (20) and is part of a unitary construction intercommunication ring (1);- said receiving means (5, 10 and 11) are disposed at the centre of said intercommunication base (6);- said coupling means (32) cooperate with said receiving means (5, 10 and 11) so that said railway carriages are articulated by circular movement of said coupling means (32) at the centre of said bogie (20) and relative to said receiving means (5, 10 and 11).
- Intercommunication device according to claim 1 wherein the coupling member (32) has a part-annular cross-section, the receiving means (5-11) comprising a single pivot (5) fixed to the base of the intercommunication ring (1) and consisting of a dish (10) having a central lug (11), the coupling member (32) being disposed in the space of the pivot between the edge of the dish (10) and the central lug (11).
- Intercommunication device according to claim 2 wherein each carriage end includes a platform (31) narrower than the carriage (30), the end of the platform including in its lower part said coupling member (32).
- Intercommunication device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising an elastic orientation system (35) disposed between the coupling means and the receiving means.
- Intercommunication device according to claims 3 and 4 in combination wherein the orientation system (35) comprises two elastic blocks (36, 31) one of which is fixed against said edge of the dish (10) and the other against the central stud (11), said two elastic blocks being joined together by a strip (38) surrounding the coupling member (32).
- Intercommunication device according to claim 4 or claim 5 wherein mechanical connections are provided between the coupling member (32) and the surfaces of the elastic orientation system (35) in contact with said coupling member.
- Intercommunication device according to claim 6 wherein the mechanical connections are of the mortice and tenon type.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9014868A FR2669597B1 (en) | 1990-11-28 | 1990-11-28 | INTERCIRCULATION DEVICE BETWEEN TWO ARTICULATED CARS OF A RAIL TRANSPORT UNIT. |
FR9014868 | 1990-11-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0488103A1 EP0488103A1 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
EP0488103B1 true EP0488103B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
Family
ID=9402675
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91120046A Expired - Lifetime EP0488103B1 (en) | 1990-11-28 | 1991-11-25 | Inter-communication device between articulated railway carriages |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0488103B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69104328T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0488103T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2063429T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2669597B1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0293051A1 (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1988-11-30 | Ascan A/S | A passage connection between steadily intercoupled railway cars |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE436237A (en) * | 1938-09-07 | |||
DE1951704A1 (en) * | 1968-10-14 | 1970-10-08 | British Railways Board | Railroad train |
US3922971A (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1975-12-02 | Boeing Co | Articulated railway vehicle connecting passage |
IT8361950V0 (en) * | 1983-06-28 | 1983-06-28 | Oms Off Mec Stanga Spa | ARTICULATION FOR TRANSPORT AND SUBURBAN VEHICLES ON RAIL, IN PARTICULAR FOR TRANVIAR AND / OR UNDERGROUND VEHICLES. |
IT1196755B (en) * | 1984-11-07 | 1988-11-25 | Fiat Ferroviaria Savigliano | INTERCOMMUNICATION PASSAGE BETWEEN TWO BODYWORKS OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE AND RAILWAY VEHICLE USING SUCH INTERCOMMUNICATION PASSAGE |
IT1222392B (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1990-09-05 | Pirelli Accessori Ind | SAFETY DEVICE FOR PNEUMATIC SUSPENSIONS |
-
1990
- 1990-11-28 FR FR9014868A patent/FR2669597B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-11-25 ES ES91120046T patent/ES2063429T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-25 DE DE1991604328 patent/DE69104328T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-25 DK DK91120046T patent/DK0488103T3/en active
- 1991-11-25 EP EP91120046A patent/EP0488103B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0293051A1 (en) * | 1987-05-22 | 1988-11-30 | Ascan A/S | A passage connection between steadily intercoupled railway cars |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69104328T2 (en) | 1995-02-16 |
ES2063429T3 (en) | 1995-01-01 |
FR2669597A1 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
DK0488103T3 (en) | 1995-02-06 |
DE69104328D1 (en) | 1994-11-03 |
FR2669597B1 (en) | 1993-01-08 |
EP0488103A1 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
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