EP0487952B1 - Building element - Google Patents
Building element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0487952B1 EP0487952B1 EP19910118967 EP91118967A EP0487952B1 EP 0487952 B1 EP0487952 B1 EP 0487952B1 EP 19910118967 EP19910118967 EP 19910118967 EP 91118967 A EP91118967 A EP 91118967A EP 0487952 B1 EP0487952 B1 EP 0487952B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- construction element
- element according
- mat
- outer formwork
- region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
- E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249976—Voids specified as closed
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3325—Including a foamed layer or component
- Y10T442/3333—Including a free metal or alloy constituent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a component according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a component of this type is known from DE 39 16 938 A1.
- the plastic band body provides the necessary strength and stability, but can be sawn, drilled and nailed like wood.
- the component is preferably a plate that serves as a better and cheaper replacement for a wooden plate, since it avoids the disadvantages of wood, but can also be processed (drilled, nailed) and is dimensionally accurate to a fraction of a millimeter.
- such a panel is particularly well suited as a formwork panel for concrete forming.
- DE 38 37 125 A1 discloses a process for the production of moldings (also plates), according to which wastes of thermoplastic and metal foils are shredded to chips of about 2 mm edge length, so that this mixture can then be processed by means of an extruder screw.
- components such as those of the generic type are obtained.
- the component has a homogeneous design over the entire cross section, apart from arbitrary fluctuations in the distribution of the metal components.
- the object of the invention is to provide a component of the generic type which enables a further improved replacement of boards and boards.
- the sandwich structure concentrates the material in the relevant outer shell areas, at least one of which is additionally considerably reinforced by a metal mat. At least part of this additional weight is saved by the foam structure of the interior. In this way, larger panels can be produced which, due to their higher inherent stability (rigidity), can span larger areas freely. With regard to the use as formwork panels, this means that the usual metal frame can be lighter and a formwork element formed in this way is lighter than before with the same size. The advantages of workability such as wood mentioned at the outset are retained, since the mat made of metal threads does not significantly impair nailability, for example.
- the component has the shape of a formwork panel that can be used for concrete formwork. It has two outer shell regions 12, 13. These have outer surfaces 14, 16, to which surface regions 17, 18 adjoin, which make up part of the thickness of the outer shell regions 12, 13. Between 12, 13 there is an inner region 19 which has foam 21. There are mats 22, 23 in the outer shell regions 12, 13. These, like 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, extend parallel to a geometric center plane 24.
- the diameter of the foam pores, of which the foam 21 consists for the most part differs from the solid surface areas 17, 18 to the geometric center plane 24. This is shown in Fig. 2. Um around the geometric center plane 24, the diameter D of the bubbles is greatest, then drops to the beginning of 12, 13 and in 12, 13 the diameter is zero, which means that the outer shell regions 12, 13 are solid.
- the pore area still extends into the outer shell areas 12, 13, but with pores having a diameter of zero. Where the mats 22, 23 are located, however, the pore diameter has previously dropped to zero. The mats 22, 23 are therefore, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, in solid material.
- metal threads 26 and metal threads 27 form the mat 22.
- the mat 23 looks exactly the same and is therefore not described.
- the metal threads 26, 27 are made of steel and 0.16 mm thick.
- the metal threads 26 run in the X direction and the metal threads 27 in the Y direction, that is to say they are perpendicular to one another.
- the mesh size 28 is the same in both directions, namely 7x7 mm. It is ensured in a manner not shown that the crossing points 29 remain undamaged.
- the mat 22 is made easier to handle by an auxiliary frame 31 which is connected to the metal threads 26, 27 in a manner not shown.
- the auxiliary frame 31 consists of threads of considerably lower tensile force and either does not determine the properties of the formwork panel or only to a very small extent.
- FIG. 5 shows a cut mold half 32 at the top and a complementary mold half 33 at the bottom. These can be pressed together under pressure and temperature. Compressed in it is 12, 22 on the one hand, 13, 23 on the other hand, which have already been produced elsewhere and between the two 19. A formwork panel according to FIG. 2 is then produced, provided the initial height of 12, 13, 19 is initially greater is as the clear height with closed mold halves 32, 33. Then 12, 13 press a little into 19, but do not become foamy themselves.
- a hopper 34 with a slot die 36 is provided for a second method. This is followed by two pair of calender rollers 37, 38.
- the hopper is fed with material 42, 43, 44 and the supplied mats 22, 23.
- the materials 42 and 44 are each processed via an extruder 45a, 45b, each of which contains a degassing zone 39.
- the material 43 is passed through an extruder 45c which has a degassing zone 39 and then a gas feed zone 41.
- the plastic material 42, 43, 44 is enriched with statistically evenly distributed metal strip bodies. Also with chopped glass fibers.
- Between 42 and 43 a mat 22, 23 is fed down from supply rolls 46, 47, respectively. 42, 43, 44 are brought together in funnel 34.
- gas that is generated unintentionally and / or accidentally is drawn off.
- Gas is added to the gas supply zone 41 in a controlled manner into the material 43 which later forms the inner region 19.
- the supply of the plastic material 42, 43, 44 is to be understood as drawn symbolically. Of course, no plates are fed.
- the pair of rollers 37, 38 smooth the outer surfaces 14, 16 on the product as long as it has not yet cooled.
- the invention is capable of numerous variations. Only if you want to have symmetrical properties, you build the formwork panel symmetrical to the geometric center plane 24. If one of the mats 22, 23 is omitted, the product is given a one-sided pretension, which is desirable for some applications. If desired, the outer surfaces 14, 16 can also be structured. In certain applications, both mats 22, 23 can be present. One can then lie a little further inside and the other a little further outside and / or the metal threads can have different properties, which likewise lead to a desired asymmetry can.
- the metal threads 26, 27 can be located in a plastic jacket which is welded at the crossing points 29, so that the auxiliary scaffold 31 is unnecessary. The plastic jacket then melts in the supplied plastic.
- the mat 22, 23 can be knitted or woven. It can also be a sheet from which a large number of parts are punched out, so that only webs remain. Such sheets are sometimes obtained when small parts are punched out.
- the component can be lighter than wood, but have better mechanical properties.
- the surface can be regenerated in a simple manner, for example by Use a glowing wire as a smoothing tool or hot iron the surface.
- the inner region 19, apart from the plastic component, has only a very low proportion of metal strip bodies and glass fibers. It is less than 10% in each case. In the embodiment in the range of 5% aluminum chips and 5% glass fibers.
- the nailability is directly dependent on the proportion of polyamide, depending on the proportion of HDPE and LDPE. Nailability ceases at about 18% PA. Additions of LDPE make the component more nail-friendly. However, the thrust absorption and creep resistance are then reduced. If HDPE and LDPE are added in the same ratio, the polyamide content can be increased to 30%, whereby the nailability ends here.
- the degree of filling of the reinforcement materials, So the metal strip bodies and the glass fibers, the nail ability is not impaired as long as the individual proportion is below 22%. In addition, the material becomes too dense.
- the creep behavior depends on the concentration of the reinforcement materials and their length in the end product, provided that their adhesion and integration is guaranteed. It appears that shavings or the like with a length of 12 to 13 mm bring the greatest effect and make the formwork panel appear as a spring that immediately returns to its original position after relief and very quickly approaches a final deformation under permanent load.
- the thermal conductivity greatly influences the pressing time and the setting behavior of concrete. Only the concentration of metal strip bodies determines the thermal conductivity. With a share of 15% aluminum chips, you have values of a comparable wooden panel. The good thermal conductivity results in a fairly uniform cooling of the component, so that no voltages are implanted. This guarantees a distortion-free shape when cooled.
- the outer shell areas 12, 13 are filled to a high level, for example with 20% aluminum chips, 20% glass fibers, 20% PA and 20% HDPE and LDPE in each case. It should be possible to use less glass fiber and aluminum chips due to the dimensions of the mats 22, 23.
- the inner area 19 is only slightly filled, e.g. up to 5% aluminum chips and glass fibers.
- the foamed zone results in a considerable weight reduction, e.g. of 60%.
- a method according to FIG. 5 is not as economical as a method according to FIG. 6. However, production can be achieved more quickly. The reverse applies to a method according to FIG. 6.
- a minimum distance of 7 ⁇ 7 mm was mentioned in the exemplary embodiment for the mesh size 28 in both directions. Depending on the static requirements, this can be larger or smaller and also different in one direction in relation to the other.
- the mats can also consist of expanded rib metal.
- mixed forms are also possible, such as expanded rib metal and / or webs from which parts have been punched out and / or knitted and / or woven and / or knitted mats.
- the layers such as mats, foams, outer shells, etc. are essentially parallel to one another and the mats are essentially flat.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Bauelement gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a component according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein Bauelement dieser Art ist aus der DE 39 16 938 A1 bekannt. Der Kunststoff erhält durch die eingelagerten Metall-Bandkörper die notwendige Festigkeit und Stabilität, kann aber wie Holz gesägt, gebohrt und genagelt werden. Bei dem Bauelement handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine Platte, die als besserer und preiswerter Ersatz einer Holzplatte dient, da sie die Nachteile von Holz vermeidet, aber genauso bearbeitet (gebohrt, genagelt) werden kann und auf Bruchteile eines Millimeters maßhaltig ist. Insbesondere ist eine solche Platte als Schalplatte zur Betonformung besonders gut geeignet.A component of this type is known from DE 39 16 938 A1. The plastic band body provides the necessary strength and stability, but can be sawn, drilled and nailed like wood. The component is preferably a plate that serves as a better and cheaper replacement for a wooden plate, since it avoids the disadvantages of wood, but can also be processed (drilled, nailed) and is dimensionally accurate to a fraction of a millimeter. In particular, such a panel is particularly well suited as a formwork panel for concrete forming.
Aus der DE 38 37 125 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern (auch Platten) bekannt, wonach Abfälle von thermoplastischem Kunststoff und Metallfolien zu Schnitzeln von etwa 2 mm Kantenlänge zerkleinert werden, so daß dann diese Mischung mittels einer Schneckenstrangpresse verarbeitet werden kann. Im Prinzip erhält man Bauelemente wie nach der gattungsgemäßen Art.
In beiden Fällen ist das Bauelement über den gesamten Querschnitt homogen ausgebildet, abgesehen von willkürlichen Verteilungsschwankungen der Metall-Bestandteile.In both cases, the component has a homogeneous design over the entire cross section, apart from arbitrary fluctuations in the distribution of the metal components.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Bauelement der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, das einen weiter verbesserten Ersatz von Platten und Brettern ermöglicht.The object of the invention is to provide a component of the generic type which enables a further improved replacement of boards and boards.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.
Der Sandwichaufbau konzentriert das Material in den belastungsmäßig relevanten Außenschalenbereichen, wovon zumindest einer zusätzlich durch eine Metallmatte ganz erheblich verstärkt wird. Zumindest ein Teil dieses Zusatzgewichtes wird eingespart durch die Schaumstruktur des Innenbereichs. Somit kann man auf diese Weise größere Platten herstellen, die aufgrund ihrer höheren Eigenstabilität (Steifigkeit) größere Flächen frei überspannen können. Bezüglich der Anwendung als Schalplatten bedeutet dies, daß der übliche Metallrahmen leichter sein kann und ein solchermaßen gebildetes Schalelement bei gleicher Größe als bisher leichter ist. Die eingangs genannten Vorzüge der Bearbeitbarkeit wie Holz bleiben erhalten, da die Matte aus Metallfäden die Nagelbarkeit beispielsweise nicht nennenswert beeinträchtigt.The sandwich structure concentrates the material in the relevant outer shell areas, at least one of which is additionally considerably reinforced by a metal mat. At least part of this additional weight is saved by the foam structure of the interior. In this way, larger panels can be produced which, due to their higher inherent stability (rigidity), can span larger areas freely. With regard to the use as formwork panels, this means that the usual metal frame can be lighter and a formwork element formed in this way is lighter than before with the same size. The advantages of workability such as wood mentioned at the outset are retained, since the mat made of metal threads does not significantly impair nailability, for example.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantageous refinements and developments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following description of exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing.
Es zeigt :
- Fig.1
- einen abgebrochenen Querschnitt durch ein Bauelement gemäß der Erfindung, das beispielsweise als Schalplatte verwendbar ist,
- Fig.2
- ein Diagramm über die statistische Verteilung von Schaumporen-Durchmessern beiderseits der geometrischen Mittenebene gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform,
- Fig.3
- ein der Fig.2 entsprechendes Diagramm gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform,
- Fig.4
- eine Draufsicht auf eine Matte aus Metallfäden,
- Fig.5
- einen Querschnitt durch eine Preßform mit einzulegenden Materialschichten in explodierter Darstellung,
- Fig.6
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Extrusionsverfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- 3 shows a broken cross section through a component according to the invention, which can be used, for example, as a formwork panel,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a diagram of the statistical distribution of foam pore diameters on both sides of the geometric center plane according to a first embodiment,
- Fig. 3
- 2 shows a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2,
- Fig. 4
- a plan view of a mat made of metal threads,
- Fig. 5
- 3 shows a cross section through a press mold with layers of material to be inserted in an exploded view,
- Fig. 6
- a schematic representation of an extrusion process.
Gemäß Fig. 1 hat das Bauelement die Gestalt einer Schaltafelplatte, die für Betonschalungen verwendbar ist. Sie hat zwei Außenschalenbereiche 12, 13. Diese haben Außenflächen 14, 16, an die sich Oberflächenbereiche 17, 18 anschließen, die einen Teil der Dicke der Außenschalenbereiche 12, 13 ausmachen. Zwischen 12, 13 befindet sich ein Innenbereich 19, der Schaumstoff 21 aufweist. In den Außenschalenbereichen 12, 13 befinden sich Matten 22, 23. Diese, wie auch 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 erstrecken sich parallel zu einer geometrischen Mittenebene 24.1, the component has the shape of a formwork panel that can be used for concrete formwork. It has two
Je nach Herstellungsverfahren ist der Durchmesser der Schaumporen, aus denen der Schaumstoff 21 zu seinem größten Teil besteht, von den massiven Oberflächenbereichen 17, 18 bis zur geometrischen Mittenebene 24 hin unterschiedlich. Dies zeigt Fig. 2. Um die geometrische Mittenebene 24 herum ist der Durchmesser D der Blasen am größten, fällt dann bis zum Beginn von 12, 13 ab und in 12, 13 ist der Durchmesser Null, das heiß, daß die Außenschalenbereiche 12, 13 massiv sind.Depending on the manufacturing process, the diameter of the foam pores, of which the
Bei einem anderen Herstellungsverfahrenreich gemäß Fig. 3 der Porenbereich noch in die Außenschalenbereiche 12, 13 hinein, jedoch mit auf den Durchmesser Null zurückgehenden Poren. Dort wo sich die Matten 22, 23 befinden, ist jedoch der Porendurchmesser schon vorher auf Null abgesunken. Die Matten 22, 23 befinden sich daher wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 in massivem Material.In another manufacturing method range according to FIG. 3, the pore area still extends into the
Gemäß Fig. 4 bilden Metallfäden 26 und Metallfäden 27 die Matte 22. Die Matte 23 sieht exakt gleich aus und wird deshalb nicht beschrieben. Die Metallfäden 26, 27 sind aus Stahl und 0,16 mm dick. Die Metallfäden 26 verlaufen in der X- und die Metallfäden 27 in der Y-Richtung, stehen also senkrecht aufeinander. Die Maschenweite 28 ist in beiden Richtungen gleich groß, nämlich 7x7 mm. Auf nicht dargestellte Weise ist sichergestellt, daß die Kreuzungspunkte 29 unverrückt bleiben. Für den Fall, daß die Metallfäden 26, 27 sich wegen ihrer Offenheit nicht verarbeiten lassen, ist die Matte 22 durch ein Hilfsgerüst 31 besser handhabbar gemacht, das auf nicht dargestellte Weise mit den Metallfäden 26, 27 verbunden ist. Das Hilfsgerüst 31 besteht aus Fäden ganz erheblich niedrigerer Zugkraft und bestimmt die Eigenschaften der Schaltafelplatte entweder nicht oder nur in sehr kleinem Ausmaß.According to FIG. 4,
Fig. 5 zeigt oben eine geschnittene Formhälfte 32 und unten eine komplementäre Formhälfte 33. Diese kann man unter Druck und Temperatur zusammenpressen. Zusammengepreßt in ihr wird 12, 22 einerseits, 13, 23 andererseits, die schon anderweitig fertig hergestellt sind und zwischen beiden 19. Es entsteht dann eine Schaltafelplatte gemäß Fig. 2, sofern die Ausgangshöhe von 12, 13, 19 zunächst größer ist als die lichte Höhe bei geschlossenen Formhälften 32, 33. Es drücken sich dann 12, 13 ein wenig in 19 hinein, werden selbst aber nicht schaumig.5 shows a
Gemäß Fig. 6 hat man für ein zweites Verfahren einen Trichter 34, mit Breitschlitzdüse 36. Dieser nachgeschaltet sind zwei Kalander-Paarwalzen 37, 38. Der Trichter wird mit Material 42, 43, 44 sowie den zugeführten Matten 22, 23 beschickt. Die Materialien 42 und 44 werden über je einen Extruder 45a, 45b aufgearbeitet, der jeweils eine Entgasungszone 39 enthält. Das Material 43 wird über einen Extruder 45c geführt, der eine Entgasungszone 39 und danach eine Gaszufuhrzone 41 hat. Das Kunststoffmaterial 42, 43, 44 ist mit statistisch gleichmäßig verteilten Metall-Bandkörpern angereichert. Ferner zusätzlich mit gechoppten Glasfasern. Zwischen 42 und 43 wird von Vorratsrollen 46, 47 herunter jeweils eine Matte 22, 23 zugeführt. Im Trichter 34 werden 42, 43, 44 zusammengeführt. In der Entgasungszone 39 wird etwa unbeabsichtigt und/oder zufällig entstandenes Gas abgezogen. In das Material 43, welches später den Innenbereich 19 bildet, wird der Gaszufuhrzone 41 kontrolliert Gas zugegeben. Man hat damit einen Porendurchmesserverlauf z.B. von Fig. 3 im Griff. Die Zufuhr des Kunststoffmaterials 42, 43, 44 ist als symbolisch gezeichnet zu verstehen. Es werden natürlich keine Platten zugeführt. Die Paarwalzen 37, 38 glätten die Außenflächen 14, 16 am Produkt, so lange es sich noch nicht abgekühlt hat.According to FIG. 6, a
Wie schon die Ansprüche erkennen lassen, ist die Erfindung zahlreicher Variationen fähig. Nur wenn man symmetrische Eigenschaften haben will, baut man die Schaltafelplatte symmetrisch zur geometrischen Mittenebene 24 auf. Läßt man eine der Matten 22, 23 weg, dann erhält das Produkt eine einseitige Vorspannung, was für manche Anwendungszwecke erwünscht ist. Die Außenflächen 14, 16 können erwünschtenfalls auch strukturiert sein. In bestimmten Anwendungsfällen können beide Matten 22, 23 vorhanden sein. Dabei kann dann die eine etwas weiter innen und die andere etwas weiter außen liegen und/oder können die Metallfäden unterschiedliche Eigenschaften haben, was ebenfalls zu einer erwünschten Unsymmetrie führen kann. Die Metallfäden 26, 27 können sich in einem Kunststoffmantel befinden, der an den Kreuzungspunkten 29 verschweißt ist, so daß das Hilfsgerüst 31 überflüssig wird. Der Kunststoffmantel zerschmilzt dann im zugeführten Kunststoff. Die Matte 22, 23 kann gestrickt oder gewoben sein. Sie kann auch ein Blech sein, aus dem sehr viele Teile herausgestanzt sind, so daß nur noch Stege übrigbleiben. Solche Bleche fallen manchmal beim Ausstanzen von Kleinteilen an.As can be seen from the claims, the invention is capable of numerous variations. Only if you want to have symmetrical properties, you build the formwork panel symmetrical to the
Weiß man, daß man das Bauelement nicht von beiden Seiten her benutzen wird (Schaltafelplatten werden gewendet), dann kann dementsprechend auch der Aufbau des Sandwich abgewandelt werden.If you know that the component will not be used from both sides (formwork panels are turned), then the structure of the sandwich can be modified accordingly.
Gewünschtenfalls kann das Bauelement leichter als Holz sein, jedoch bessere mechanische Eigenschaften haben.If desired, the component can be lighter than wood, but have better mechanical properties.
Wenn bei der Schaltafelplatte eine der Außenflächen 14, 16 abgenutzt ist, dann kann man die Oberfläche auf einfache Weise regenerieren, indem man z.B. einen glühenden Draht als Glättungsinstrument verwendet oder die Oberfläche heiß bügelt.If one of the outer surfaces 14, 16 of the formwork panel plate is worn out, the surface can be regenerated in a simple manner, for example by Use a glowing wire as a smoothing tool or hot iron the surface.
Infolge der Schaumstruktur hat der Innenbereich 19 abgesehen vom Kunststoffanteil nur einen sehr niedrigen Anteil an Metall-Bandkörpern und Glasfasern. Er beträgt jeweils unter 10 %. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel im Bereich von 5 % Aluminiumspänen und 5 % Glasfasern. Die Nagelbarkeit ist direkt abhängig vom Polyamidanteil in Abhängigkeit vom Anteil HDPE und LDPE. Bei etwa 18 % PA hört die Nagelbarkeit auf. Zumischungen von LDPE machen das Bauelement nagelfreundlicher. Es vermindert sich jedoch dann die Schubaufnahme und der Kriechwiderstand. Werden HDPE und LDPE im gleichen Verhältnis zugegeben, dann kann der Polyamidanteil auf 30 % gesteigert werden, wobei hier die Nagelfähigkeit endet. Vom Füllgrad der Bewehrungsstoffe, also den Metall-Bandkörpern und den Glasfasern, ist die Nagelfähigkeit nicht beeinträchtigt, solange der Einzelanteil unter 22 % liegt. Darüber hinaus wird das Material zu dicht.As a result of the foam structure, the
Das Kriechverhalten ist von der Konzentration der Bewehrungsstoffe und deren Länge im Endprodukt abhängig, sofern deren Haftung und Einbindung gewährleistet ist. Es scheint, daß Späne oder dergleichen mit einer Länge von 12 bis 13 mm die höchste Wirkung bringen und die Schaltafelplatte als Feder erscheinen lassen, die nach Entlastung sofort in ihre Ursprungslage zurückgeht und unter Dauerbelastung sich sehr schnell einer Endverformung nähert.The creep behavior depends on the concentration of the reinforcement materials and their length in the end product, provided that their adhesion and integration is guaranteed. It appears that shavings or the like with a length of 12 to 13 mm bring the greatest effect and make the formwork panel appear as a spring that immediately returns to its original position after relief and very quickly approaches a final deformation under permanent load.
Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit beeinflußt in starkem Maß die Preßzeit und das Abbindeverhalten von Beton. Ausschließlich die Konzentration von Metall-Bandkörpern bestimmt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Bei einem Anteil von 15 % Aluspänen hat man Werte einer vergleichbaren Holzplatte. Durch die gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit entsteht eine ziemlich gleichmäßige Abkühlung des Bauelements, so daß keine Spannungen implantiert werden. Dies garantiert in ausgekühltem Zustand eine verzugsfreie Gestalt.The thermal conductivity greatly influences the pressing time and the setting behavior of concrete. Only the concentration of metal strip bodies determines the thermal conductivity. With a share of 15% aluminum chips, you have values of a comparable wooden panel. The good thermal conductivity results in a fairly uniform cooling of the component, so that no voltages are implanted. This guarantees a distortion-free shape when cooled.
Je höher der Polyamidanteil ist, umso größer ist der Widerstand gegen Temperatur. Diese Eigenschaft von Polyamid vermindert jedoch ab einem gewissen Prozentsatz die Nagelbarkeit. Versuche an Prototypen ergaben, daß ein Bereich von 12 bis 25 % von PE, je nach Mischungsverhältnis, beide Faktoren optimiert, so daß eine relativ hohe Temperaturbesändigkeit erreicht wird und das Bauelement trotzdem nagelbar ist.The higher the polyamide content, the greater the resistance to temperature. However, this property of polyamide reduces nailability from a certain percentage. Tests on prototypes have shown that a range of 12 to 25% of PE, depending on the mixing ratio, optimizes both factors, so that a relatively high temperature resistance is achieved and the component can still be nailed.
Die Außenschalenbereiche 12, 13 sind hoch gefüllt, z.B. mit 20 % Aluspänen, 20 % Glasfasern, 20 % PA und jeweils 20 % HDPE und LDPE. Es dürfte möglich sein, durch die Dimensionierung der Matten 22, 23 weniger Glasfaser und Aluminiumspäne zu verwenden.The
Der Innenbereich 19 ist nur schwach gefüllt, z.B. bis zu 5 % Aluminiumspäne und Glasfasern. Durch die geschäumte Zone ergibt sich eine erhebliche Gewichtsverminderung, z.B. von 60 %.The
Ein Verfahren gemäß Fig. 5 ist zwar nicht so wirtschaftlich wie ein Verfahren gemäß Fig. 6. Man kommt jedoch schneller zu einer Produktion. Das Umgekehrte gilt für ein Verfahren gemäß Fig. 6.A method according to FIG. 5 is not as economical as a method according to FIG. 6. However, production can be achieved more quickly. The reverse applies to a method according to FIG. 6.
Zwar wurde beim Ausführungsbeispiel für die Maschenweite 28 in beiden Richtungen ein Mindestabstand von 7x7 mm erwähnt. Je nach statischen Erfordernissen kann dieser größer oder auch kleiner sein und außerdem in einer Richtung im Verhältnis zur anderen unterschiedlich.A minimum distance of 7 × 7 mm was mentioned in the exemplary embodiment for the
Die Matten können auch aus Rippenstreckmetall bestehen. Dabei sind grundsätzlich auch Mischformen möglich wie Rippenstreckmetall und/oder Bahnen, aus denen Teile ausgestanzt wurden und/oder gestrickte und/oder gewobene und/oder gewirkte Matten.The mats can also consist of expanded rib metal. In principle, mixed forms are also possible, such as expanded rib metal and / or webs from which parts have been punched out and / or knitted and / or woven and / or knitted mats.
Die Schichten wie Matten, Schaumstoffe, Außenschalen usw. liegen im wesentlichen parallel zueinander und die Matten sind im wesentlichen eben.The layers such as mats, foams, outer shells, etc. are essentially parallel to one another and the mats are essentially flat.
Claims (45)
- Construction element of plastic in which pieces of metal strip are statistically uniformly distributed, the thickness dimension of the construction element being substantially smaller than one of the other dimensions, in terms of weight the construction element comprising more than 50 % plastic and less than 50 % pieces of metal strip, and the pieces of metal strip being shorter than the construction element is thick, characterised by a sandwich structure having in each case two outer formwork regions (12, 13), which are solid at least in their surface region (17, 18), have in the inner region (19) a foamed plastic layer (21), which is firmly bonded to the outer formwork regions (12, 13), and having a mat (22, 23) of metal filaments (26, 27), which is embedded in one of the outer formwork regions (12, 13) and runs substantially parallel to the surface region (17, 18).
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) has, transversely to both its extents, clearances which are at least large enough that the plastic material (42, 44) penetrates them.
- Construction element according to Claim 2, characterised in that the plastic material (42, 44) completely penetrates the clearances and completely wets all the surfaces of the mat (22, 23).
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the proportion by weight of the pieces of metal strip in the foamed plastic layer (21) is substantially less than in the outer formwork region (12, 13).
- Construction element according to Claim 4, characterised in that the proportion by weight of the pieces of metal strip in the foamed plastic layer (21) is between 0 and 25 %.
- Construction element according to Claim 4, characterised in that the proportion by weight of the pieces of metal strip in the foamed plastic layer (21) is between 0 and 20 %.
- Construction element according to Claim 4, characterised in that the proportion by weight of the pieces of metal strip in the foamed plastic layer (21) is between 0 and 15 %.
- Construction element according to Claim 4, characterised in that the proportion by weight of the pieces of metal strip in the foamed plastic layer (21) is between 0 and 10 %.
- Construction element according to Claim 4, characterised in that the proportion by weight of the pieces of metal strip in the foamed plastic layer (21) is 5 % with a range of variation of + 150 % to -100 %.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the outer formwork regions (12, 13) are, added in their thickness, thinner than the foamed plastic layer (21).
- Construction element according to Claim 10, characterised in that the thicknesses are in the ratio of 4:15:4 with a range of variation of about ± 100 %.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the outer formwork regions (12, 13) are approximately of the same thickness.
- Construction element according to Claim 12, characterised in that the outer formwork regions (12, 13) are exactly of the same thickness.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pore size of the foamed plastic layer (21) decreases from its centre plane (24) outward.
- Construction element according to Claim 14, characterised in that the decrease in the pore size is constant.
- Construction element according to Claim 14, characterised in that the outer formwork region (12, 13) still has small pores in its inner region.
- Construction element according to Claim 16, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) lies in the pore-free region.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that a mat (22) is provided only in one outer formwork region (12).
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that a mat (22, 23) is provided in each of both outer formwork regions (12, 13).
- Construction element according to Claim 19, characterised in that each mat (22, 23) has the same structure.
- Construction element according to Claim 19 or 20, characterised in that both mats (22, 23) have the same distance from the centre plane (24) of the construction element.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) is a woven fabric.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) is a plaited work.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) is a knitted fabric.
- Construction element according to Claim 22, characterised in that the woven fabric has a plain weave.
- Construction element according to Claim 22, characterised in that the woven fabric has a twill weave.
- Construction element according to Claim 23, characterised in that the plaited work is a fence netting.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) of the mat (22, 23) have a diameter of less than 1 mm.
- Construction element according to Claim 28, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) of the mat (22, 23) have a the diameter of less than 0.5 mm.
- Construction element according to Claim 29, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) of the mat (22, 23) have a diameter in the lower tenths of a millimetre range.
- Construction element according to Claim 30, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) of the mat (22, 23) have a diameter from 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) have a modulus of elasticity at 20°C of over 10,000 kg/mm².
- Construction element according to Claim 32, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) have a modulus of elasticity at 20°C of 18,000 to 23,000 kg/mm².
- Construction element according to Claim 32, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) have a modulus of elasticity corresponding to [lacuna] of steel wire.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) are coated with molybdenum.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the metal filaments (26, 27) are galvanised.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) is embedded in the middle region of the outer formwork region (12, 13).
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) is embedded in the outer region of the outer formwork region (12, 13), but does not reach the surface region (17, 18) at any point.
- Construction element according to Claim 38, characterised in that the mat (22, 23) has a distance from the surface region (17, 18) which is at least five times the diameter of a metal filament (26, 27).
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the plastic blend of the outer formwork regions (12, 13) is the same as that of the foamed plastic layer (21).
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that it has the same properties in the two loading directions (X-direction and Y-direction) which are aligned parallel to the surface region (17, 18) and perpendicularly to each other.
- Construction element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pieces of metal strip are metal chips and/or metallic foil strips.
- Construction element according to Claim 42, characterised in that the metallic foil strips are lametta-like.
- Construction element according to Claim 42, characterised in that the metallic foil strips are coated with plastic on at least one side.
- Construction element according to Claim 42, characterised in that the metallic foil strips are produced from shredded aluminium cans.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4036151 | 1990-11-14 | ||
DE19904036151 DE4036151A1 (en) | 1989-05-24 | 1990-11-14 | Structural element with sandwich structure - has two solid outer shell areas with reinforcing wire mat |
US07/615,349 US5538785A (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1990-11-19 | Construction element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0487952A1 EP0487952A1 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
EP0487952B1 true EP0487952B1 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
Family
ID=25898465
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19910118967 Expired - Lifetime EP0487952B1 (en) | 1990-11-14 | 1991-11-07 | Building element |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5538785A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0487952B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3160720B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE101226T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2055371C (en) |
CZ (2) | CZ280910B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59100994D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0487952T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2049516T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO176977C (en) |
SK (2) | SK279909B6 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2708651B1 (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1995-10-13 | Caverzasio Olivier | Formwork process for a spiral staircase and formwork made using this process. |
FR2715683B1 (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1996-04-05 | Outinord St Amand | Metallic cover with interchangeable shuttering skin. |
US5970384A (en) | 1994-08-11 | 1999-10-19 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Methods of heat treating silicon oxide films by irradiating ultra-violet light |
EP0892878A1 (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1999-01-27 | Providence Industries, L.L.C. | Reusable concrete form panel sheeting |
JP2000512163A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 2000-09-19 | エフ.エス.フェーレル ゲーエムベーハー & ツェーオー.カーゲー | Foam molded article having integrally formed fixing element |
AU720937B2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2000-06-15 | Providence Composite Technologies, Inc. | Reusable concrete form panel sheeting |
US5792552A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-08-11 | Providence Industries, L.L.C. | Reusable concrete form panel sheeting |
DE19622149A1 (en) * | 1996-06-01 | 1997-12-04 | Stewing Nachrichtentechnik | Construction element, especially a shutter board for concrete |
DE19640115A1 (en) * | 1996-09-28 | 1998-04-23 | Stewing Nachrichtentechnik | Structural components made from reinforced recycled plastics |
EP0855478A3 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-12-30 | Graf von Montgelas, Max Joseph | Composite panel of plastics material and method of its fabrication |
ES2258354B1 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2008-02-16 | Andamios In, S.A. | AUTOPORTING THERMOPLASTIC BOARD FOR HORIZONTAL FORMWORK. |
FR2844538B1 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2006-01-13 | FORMWORK PANEL, MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF | |
CN107367270B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2023-07-21 | 中冶建工集团有限公司 | Measurement template for establishing indoor clear height measurement point and use method thereof |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1798939U (en) * | 1956-03-29 | 1959-10-29 | Hermann Gutmann | PLASTIC PANEL, IN PARTICULAR PLASTIC CONSTRUCTION PANEL. |
GB1058396A (en) * | 1963-05-28 | 1967-02-08 | Colard Leopold | Laminated product |
US3647608A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-03-07 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Cut-resistant foam article |
US4221697A (en) * | 1974-05-29 | 1980-09-09 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Composite materials |
US4248931A (en) * | 1980-04-25 | 1981-02-03 | International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation | Dimensionally stable structural foam plastic product |
DE8026197U1 (en) * | 1980-10-01 | 1981-01-22 | Orbilan-Kunststoff Gmbh, 4420 Coesfeld | SHEETPLATE |
DE3238090A1 (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-04-19 | Battenfeld Maschinenfabriken Gmbh, 5882 Meinerzhagen | PLASTIC MOLDED BODY |
AT390632B (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1990-06-11 | Schuster Franz | AREA COMPONENT, IN PARTICULAR BUILDING PLATE |
DE8617602U1 (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1986-08-21 | NOE-Schaltechnik KG, 7334 Süssen | Formwork panel |
US4828897A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1989-05-09 | Centrite Corporation | Reinforced polymeric composites |
US4925719A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1990-05-15 | Centrite Corp. | Reinforced polymeric composites |
DE3837125A1 (en) * | 1988-11-02 | 1990-05-03 | Signode System Gmbh | Process for the production of mouldings from metal and a thermoplastic |
-
1990
- 1990-11-19 US US07/615,349 patent/US5538785A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-11-07 DK DK91118967T patent/DK0487952T3/en active
- 1991-11-07 ES ES91118967T patent/ES2049516T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-07 DE DE91118967T patent/DE59100994D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-07 EP EP19910118967 patent/EP0487952B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-07 AT AT91118967T patent/ATE101226T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-08 NO NO914364A patent/NO176977C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-13 CA CA 2055371 patent/CA2055371C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-14 CZ CS913453A patent/CZ280910B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-14 JP JP29887791A patent/JP3160720B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-14 SK SK3453-91A patent/SK279909B6/en unknown
- 1991-11-14 SK SK860-95A patent/SK86095A3/en unknown
-
1995
- 1995-06-16 CZ CZ19951595A patent/CZ288314B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2049516T3 (en) | 1994-04-16 |
JP3160720B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
DK0487952T3 (en) | 1994-07-11 |
NO176977C (en) | 1995-06-28 |
CZ288314B6 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
ATE101226T1 (en) | 1994-02-15 |
SK282104B6 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
EP0487952A1 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
CZ280910B6 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
NO176977B (en) | 1995-03-20 |
US5538785A (en) | 1996-07-23 |
CA2055371C (en) | 1996-07-23 |
CZ345391A3 (en) | 1993-11-17 |
CA2055371A1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
NO914364D0 (en) | 1991-11-08 |
SK345391A3 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
SK86095A3 (en) | 2001-11-06 |
JPH04290738A (en) | 1992-10-15 |
SK279909B6 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
NO914364L (en) | 1992-05-15 |
DE59100994D1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
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