EP0486871B1 - Method for assisting the crushing capacity of demolition apparatus and apparatus used in such method - Google Patents

Method for assisting the crushing capacity of demolition apparatus and apparatus used in such method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0486871B1
EP0486871B1 EP91118862A EP91118862A EP0486871B1 EP 0486871 B1 EP0486871 B1 EP 0486871B1 EP 91118862 A EP91118862 A EP 91118862A EP 91118862 A EP91118862 A EP 91118862A EP 0486871 B1 EP0486871 B1 EP 0486871B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
demolition
tool
tool blade
vibrational movements
triggered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91118862A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0486871A1 (en
Inventor
Robert-Jan Dr.-Ing. Bartels
Helmar Dipl.-Ing. Näfe
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SIG Plastics GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Krupp Maschinentechnik GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0486871A1 publication Critical patent/EP0486871A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0486871B1 publication Critical patent/EP0486871B1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/3604Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
    • E02F3/3677Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like allowing movement, e.g. rotation or translation, of the tool around or along another axis as the movement implied by the boom or arms, e.g. for tilting buckets
    • E02F3/3681Rotators
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/965Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of metal-cutting or concrete-crushing implements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08Wrecking of buildings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08Wrecking of buildings
    • E04G23/082Wrecking of buildings using shears, breakers, jaws and the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08Wrecking of buildings
    • E04G2023/086Wrecking of buildings of tanks, reservoirs or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the size reduction effect of demolition tools in the form of demolition tongs or scissors and a demolition tool suitable for carrying out the method.
  • the demolition tool Depending on whether the demolition tool is designed as demolition tongs or demolition shears, it has two pliers jaws or scissor arms that are movable relative to one another and act on the comminution material as tool blades.
  • the drive unit acting on at least one tool blade by means of which the required closing force is also generated during the shredding process, can be of any desired design; In the demolition tools manufactured today, it usually consists of one cylinder unit or several cylinder units, with which, if necessary, both tool blades can be driven simultaneously.
  • DE-C2-33 42 305 discloses a demolition grapple called a concrete crusher with two jaws movably supported on a supporting body, which are each driven by a hydraulically operating cylinder unit.
  • the demolition shear described in EP-A2-0218 899 only has a movable pliers arm with a drive unit consisting of a cylinder unit; the second gun arm is immovably attached to the associated support body.
  • Demolition tools of the type mentioned here represent an effective alternative to the hydraulic / pneumatic striking mechanism, the steel bulb or the blasting agent in many cases, particularly when demolishing and renovating buildings.
  • Their advantages lie in particular in the low noise level and the possibility , for example, to shred existing reinforcements and to separate the different building materials resulting from the shredding process from the point of view of reprocessing / reuse.
  • demolition tools correspond to one another in that they each generate a continuously effective closing force.
  • breaking or cutting force exerted by the demolition tool does not lead to the desired result. Accordingly, the more frequent relocation, tracking and rescheduling of the demolition tool may result in a considerable loss of demolition or shredding performance.
  • Post-published document EP-A-0404229 describes a demolition tool in the form of demolition pliers with two tool blades which can be driven with respect to a supporting body. These are designed in such a way that the closing force acting on the tool blades is at least temporarily superimposed on vibratory movements which are triggered on one of the tool blades each forming a pliers jaw.
  • a toothed carrier is pivotally held on this jaw, which can be moved back and forth relative to the jaw by means of a vibration generator in the form of a cylinder unit and thereby supports the crushing effect emanating from the demolition jaw.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a method for improving and / or supporting the crushing action of demolition tools and a demolition tool suitable for carrying out the method, which only trigger vibrations when required and which accordingly have better economic viability than previously conventional embodiments.
  • the basic idea of the invention is then to at least temporarily overlay the closing force acting on the tool blades with vibration movements which are only triggered on at least one of the tool blades as soon as the closing force effective between the tool blades has risen to a predetermined, adjustable minimum value.
  • the tool sheet in question is not immediately used to generate the vibratory movements moved, but indirectly set in vibration - for example via a working device attached to it.
  • the vibrations are only triggered as soon as the closing force between the tool blades has reached the minimum value already mentioned. Only when the expected shredding effect cannot be achieved in normal operation is the demolition process continued with the aforementioned vibration superimposition. If the desired work progress occurs, the closing force temporarily drops below the set minimum value, so that the vibration movements are interrupted. These operations can take place during a work cycle, e.g. H. Repeat several times until the jaw opening of the demolition tool is closed.
  • the vibration movements are interrupted each time after a predetermined, adjustable period of time (claim 2).
  • the method is designed in such a way that the generation of vibratory movements is prevented as soon as the tool blades have approached a predetermined end position in the course of the closing movement (claim 3).
  • a demolition tool designed as demolition pliers or scissors with the features of claim 4 solved.
  • This has a vibration generator which can be switched on during operation of the drive unit for the at least one movable tool blade and via which vibration movements acting on the comminution material at the mouth opening can be triggered.
  • the vibration generator acts on the drive unit of the demolition tool, so that it causes the vibrations of the relevant tool blade, the vibrations being triggered only by actuation of a switching unit, after a parameter - which represents a measure of the stress during the demolition process - on a predetermined, adjustable minimum value has risen. If the demolition tool is operated hydraulically, the operating pressure for the drive unit is particularly suitable as a parameter.
  • the longest possible duration of the vibration movements can be set by means of a timer which switches on the vibration generator when the parameter increases to the minimum value (claim 5).
  • a connecting valve controlled by the operating pressure of the drive unit and having a downstream timer via which the pulse generator can be switched on, the energy supply of which can also be interrupted via the timer regardless of the position of the connecting valve (claim 6). If, therefore, the operating pressure does not drop below this after rising to a predetermined minimum value, the pulse generator is nevertheless switched off via the timing element after a predetermined period of time, with the result that the vibration superposition is eliminated.
  • a limit switch is assigned to at least one driven tool blade, by means of which the vibration generator is switched off when the tool blade approaches the predetermined end position during the closing movement (claim 7). This prevents vibrating movements from being maintained or triggered by an increase in the parameter in question to the predetermined minimum value if the tool blades abut one another after the closing movement has been completed.
  • the vibration movements can also be triggered by means of at least one striking mechanism, which is supported on a tool blade (claim 8); if necessary, each of the two tool blades can also be equipped with a plurality of striking mechanisms which act on the comminution material in the region of the mouth opening and thereby also indirectly set the tool blades in vibration.
  • the striking mechanisms consist of a cylinder unit with a striking piston which, under the action of a pressure medium, can be displaced against the action of a reset.
  • the striking mechanisms can also have a reversal for the movement of the striking piston, as is used in hydraulic hammers.
  • the vibration movements can also be triggered by means of at least one imbalance generator, which is supported on a tool blade (claim 9).
  • a tool blade (claim 9).
  • the latter are each equipped with an unbalance generator, and preferably in such a way that the force effect emanating from the unbalance generators is related on the shredding material - is directed towards each other.
  • the demolition tool can also be designed within the framework of the teaching according to the invention such that the comminution material can be vibrated both via the drive unit and via at least one percussion mechanism or an imbalance generator.
  • the demolition grapple 1 has, in a manner known per se, the main components of two driven jaws 5 and 6, which are movably held on a support body 7. This is rotatably attached to a connection bracket 9 via a connection plate 8, which in turn is pivotable with a Excavator boom 10 - consisting essentially of a front swivel arm 11 and a rear support arm 12 - is connected. The latter is held pivotably with respect to the platform 13 of the hydraulic excavator, which also houses the hydraulic unit 14 serving as an energy source; this also enables the demolition grapple 1 to be operated.
  • the drive unit for actuating the two jaws 5 and 6 consists of two cylinder units 15 and 16, which are articulated via their cylinder housing 15a, 16a and their piston rod 15b, 16b to the support body 7 or to the associated jaw 5 or 6; the latter components are supported outside the region of the piston rods 15b, 16b on the support body via a rotary bearing 5a or 6a and form the variable jaw opening 17 of the demolition tool into which the concrete slab 3 to be crushed protrudes during the demolition process.
  • the demolition grapple 1 is essentially symmetrical with regard to the arrangement and design of its main components with respect to the longitudinal axis 1a.
  • the right jaw 6 has a stop 18 near its pivot bearing 6a; this is arranged with respect to a limit switch 19 fastened to the support body 7 (in the form of a two-position valve) in such a way that it counteracts the action of a return spring 19a - moves into the open position, not shown, as soon as the two jaws 5 and 6 have approached a predetermined end position in the course of the closing movement, that is to say have almost come into contact with one another.
  • the aforementioned adjustment of the limit switch 19 is brought about in that the stop 18 comes to rest against the button 19b of the limit switch in the course of the pivoting movement carried out by the pliers jaw 6 and then moves it (to the right in the drawing).
  • the commissioning, switching or switching off of the demolition grapple 1 is carried out by means of a 3/2-way valve 20 (three positions, two ways), which is connected on the input side to a hydraulic source 21 or to a pressure-free return line 22 with a return filter 23; the output side is connected with the interposition of a pressure-controlled directional valve 24 via a line 25 to the extension inlet 15c, 16c of the two cylinder units 15, 16 or via a line 26 to the associated inlet inlet 15d, 16d.
  • a 3/2-way valve 20 three positions, two ways
  • the line 25 has a connecting valve 27 connected in parallel via a line branch 25a, the position of which can be influenced via a control line 27a opening into the line branch 25a - contrary to the effect of an adjustable pretensioning force.
  • the operating pressure present in the lines 25, 25a acts on the control input 24a of the directional control valve 24, a pressure-controlled timer 28 and a line 29, which can be connected to a pressure-free return 30 via the limit switch 19.
  • the limit switch 19 assumes the indicated blocking position, the connection between the return 30 and the line 29 is interrupted. The latter may therefore - like the timer 28 and the control input 24a - be subjected to the operating pressure.
  • the cut-in valve 27 is set such that it only switches to the cut-in position after the operating pressure in the lines 25, 25a has risen to a set minimum value, which in turn is a measure of the pressure from the cylinder units 15, 16 via the pliers jaws 5, 6 represents closing force exerted.
  • the line 25 passes through the interposition of a check valve 31 into a pulse line 32, which can be pulsed with pressure by means of a rotary slide pulse generator 33.
  • the rotary vane pulse generator which can be driven by means of a hydraulic motor 34, is connected to the second outlet of the directional control valve 24 via an inlet line 35, which is also equipped with a pressure accumulator 36.
  • the feed line 35 continues, with the interposition of a pressure-controlled shut-off valve 37, into a drive line 38 for the hydraulic motor 34. whose return 39 opens into the unpressurized return line 22.
  • the pressure switch 28 actuates a time switch 41 via a switching line 40, which in turn is connected to the control input 37a of the check valve 37 and to an outlet 42.
  • the check valve 37 which is pressurized via its control input 37a, assumes the open position (not shown), so that the hydraulic motor 34 via its drive line 38, if necessary, i. H. with a suitable position of the directional valve 24, is supplied with drive energy.
  • the timer 41 releases the unpressurized outlet 42, with the result that the pressure at the control input 37a drops and the shut-off valve 37 switches into the illustrated shut-off position: since the power supply to the hydraulic motor 34 is interrupted, it becomes during the relevant period effective rotary valve pulse generator 33 switched off.
  • the displacement of the connecting valve 27 into the connecting position, not shown, also has the consequence that the directional control valve 24 switches to the second position, not shown, in which u. a. with the interposition of the check valve 37, a connection between the lines 25 and 38 is established.
  • the pressure accumulator 36 serves to compensate for the pressure fluctuations that are deliberately generated during the operation of the rotary slide valve pulse generator 33, and those outside the area of the cylinder units 15, 16 as returning pressure fluctuations are undesirable.
  • the pressure switch 28 and the timer 41 form a timer which automatically interrupts or prevents the generation of further pulse-like pressure fluctuations after an adjustable, predetermined period of time, regardless of the position of the connecting valve 27.
  • the embodiment in question (according to FIG. 2) of the subject matter of the invention works as follows: after the demolition tongs 1 have been put into operation by moving the 3/2-way valve 20 to the right, the normal closing process is initiated by pressurizing the extension inputs 15c, 16c, one of which Pliers jaws 5, 6 exerted, the crushing / destruction of the concrete plate 3 serving closing force.
  • the operating pressure in lines 25, 25a and 27a increases, so that the connecting valve 27, which initially occupies the blocking position, finally switches over to the connecting position and thereby the directional control valve 24 into the second operating position, not shown (ie to the right) or under the influence of switches 28 and 41, the shut-off valve 37 moves into the open position.
  • the hydraulic motor 34 which is supplied with energy via the lines 25, 38, drives the rotary slide valve pulse generator 33 and deliberately generates pressure fluctuations in the lines 32, 25 and the cylinder units 15, 16 via which the jaws 5, 6 are immediately vibrated.
  • the activation of the hydraulic motor 34 and the rotary slide pulse generator 33 thus leads to the fact that the closing force is temporarily superimposed on vibratory movements, which, if necessary, the termination effect emanating from the pliers jaws supports or improves.
  • connection valve 27 - depending on the operating pressure in lines 25, 25a and 27a - assumes the connection position; in any case, however, it is limited in time by the period of time predetermined with the timer 41, after the expiration of which the outlet 42 is released and thus the rotary slide valve pulse generator 33 is stopped by returning the check valve 37 to the shown locked position.
  • the operator has the option of opening the demolition grapple by actuating the 3/2-way valve 20 and, for example, moving it.
  • the demolition pliers shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 initially differ purely in design from the embodiment described above in that both clamping jaws 5 and 6 (essentially only the clamping jaw 6 is shown) only one tooth projecting in the direction of the longitudinal axis la (for example 6b) and are equipped with two striking mechanisms 43 in the area of each tooth; these lie - seen transversely to the plane of the drawing (Fig. 3) - in the area of the tooth at a distance from each other (Fig. 4).
  • Each hammer mechanism has a piston rod 43a, which can be extended with respect to the jaw of the pliers, together with piston 43b, which, contrary to the action of a return spring 45, moves outwards via a pulse line 44, i. H. is displaceable in the direction of the concrete block 3 to be crushed.
  • the extension inputs of the cylinder units - for example the extension input 16c of the cylinder unit 16 - are connected via the line branch 25a and the line 25 to the 3/2-way valve 20 already mentioned.
  • the connecting valve 27 also connected to the line branch 25a influences, via a control input 46a, the position of a spring-loaded check valve 46, which in the open position connects the line 25 with the drive line 38 for the hydraulic motor 34, with the inlet line 35 for the rotary valve pulse generator 33 and connects to the pressure accumulator 36.
  • the rotary vane pulse generator can be used via the already mentioned impulse line 44 drive the striking mechanisms 43 attached to the pliers jaws.
  • the embodiment in question works as follows: With the actuation of the 3/2-way valve 20 by shifting to the right, the cylinder units are pressurized via the lines 25, 25a in the sense of their extension movement; this leads to the fact that the jaws of the pliers come to rest against the concrete slab 3 to be shredded and bring the closing force caused by the cylinder units into effect there.
  • the striking mechanisms 43 are not in operation during this time, since the blocking valve 46 assumes the blocking position shown in FIG. 3, the rotary slide pulse generator 33 is accordingly not effective and the pulse line is not pressurized.
  • the piston rods 43a and piston 43b assume the retracted rest position indicated in FIG. 4 under the action of the return springs 45.
  • connection valve 27 is connected to the check valve 46 with the interposition of the pressure switch 28, the switching line 40, the timer 41 and the outlet 42 .
  • the shutoff valve 46 is automatically switched to the illustrated shutoff position after an adjustable, predetermined period of time, independently of the position of the connecting valve 27, whereby the power supply to the hydraulic motor 34 is interrupted.
  • the vibratory movements of the clamping jaws 5 and 6 are triggered by means of the unbalance generator 47 attached to the latter. These are arranged and designed in such a way that the force effect emanating from them - in relation to the concrete slab 3 to be crushed (cf. FIG. 3 for example) - is directed in opposite directions to one another.
  • the demolition grapple can also be designed and switched within the scope of the invention such that it allows several types of vibration superimposition, that is, the pulse-like action on the cylinder units 15, 16 according to FIG. 2 and the action of the crushing material (concrete slab 3) by switching on striking mechanisms or unbalance generators which are attached to the pliers jaws.
  • the two vibration superimpositions can be activated separately from one another, so that they can - depending on the operating conditions - be effective simultaneously or in succession if necessary. If, for example, the vibrating movements of the pliers jaws do not yet make any progress, this can possibly be brought about by switching on or switching on the striking mechanism or unbalance generator.
  • a characteristic variable which represents a measure of the stress on the demolition grapple during the demolition process, is preferably determined and displayed. On the basis of this display, an operator can initiate the vibration superimposition and, if this does not lead to the desired work progress, switch it off after a period that appears to be suitable.
  • the effect sought with the invention can also be different when used designed components for the generation of the vibration movements (drive unit, pulse generator, impact mechanism, unbalance generator) can be brought about.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)

Abstract

A method of crushing material between cooperating jaws of a crushing jaw assembly of a demolition tool includes the steps of applying a closing force to at least one of the jaws for urging the jaws toward one another; and imparting a vibratory motion to at least one of the jaws while the closing force is applied.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Zerkleinerungswirkung von Abbruchwerkzeugen in Gestalt von Abbruchzangen oder -scheren und ein zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignetes Abbruchwerkzeug.The invention relates to a method for improving the size reduction effect of demolition tools in the form of demolition tongs or scissors and a demolition tool suitable for carrying out the method.

Je nachdem, ob das Abbruchwerkzeug als Abbruchzange oder Abbruchschere ausgebildet ist, weist es als Werkzeugblätter zwei relativ zueinander bewegliche Zangenbacken bzw. Scherenarme auf, welche auf das Zerkleinerungsmaterial einwirken.Depending on whether the demolition tool is designed as demolition tongs or demolition shears, it has two pliers jaws or scissor arms that are movable relative to one another and act on the comminution material as tool blades.

Die an zumindest einem Werkzeugblatt angreifende Antriebseinheit, mittels welcher während des Zerkleinerungsvorgangs auch die erforderliche Schließkraft erzeugt wird, kann an sich beliebig ausgebildet sein; sie besteht bei den heute hergestellten Abbruchwerkzeugen meistens aus einem Zylinderaggregat oder mehreren Zylinderaggregaten, mit dem bzw. denen ggf. auch beide Werkzeugblätter gleichzeitig angetrieben werden können.The drive unit acting on at least one tool blade, by means of which the required closing force is also generated during the shredding process, can be of any desired design; In the demolition tools manufactured today, it usually consists of one cylinder unit or several cylinder units, with which, if necessary, both tool blades can be driven simultaneously.

Aus der DE-C2-33 42 305 ist eine als Betonbrecher bezeichnete Abbruchzange mit zwei beweglich an einem Tragkörper abgestützten Zangenbacken bekannt, die jeweils mittels eines hydraulisch arbeitenden Zylinderaggregats angetrieben sind.DE-C2-33 42 305 discloses a demolition grapple called a concrete crusher with two jaws movably supported on a supporting body, which are each driven by a hydraulically operating cylinder unit.

Im Gegensatz dazu weist die mit der EP-A2-0218 899 vorbeschriebene Abbruchschere lediglich einen beweglichen Zangenarm mit einer aus einem Zylinderaggregat bestehenden Antriebseinheit auf; der zweite Zangenarm ist unbeweglich an dem zugehörigen Tragkörper befestigt.In contrast to this, the demolition shear described in EP-A2-0218 899 only has a movable pliers arm with a drive unit consisting of a cylinder unit; the second gun arm is immovably attached to the associated support body.

Abbruchwerkzeuge der hier angesprochenen Art (Abbruchzange, Abbruchschere) stellen in vielen Fällen insbesondere beim Abbruch und bei der Sanierung von Bauwerken eine wirkungsvolle Alternative zum hydraulischen/pneumatischen Schlagwerk, zur Stahlbirne oder zum Sprengmittel dar. Ihre Vorteile liegen insbesondere in der geringen Geräuschentwicklung und der Möglichkeit, etwa vorhandene Armierungen mit zu zerkleinern und die beim Zerkleinerungsvorgang anfallenden unterschiedlichen Baustoffe unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Aufbereitung/Weiterverwendung voneinander zu trennen.Demolition tools of the type mentioned here (demolition grapple, demolition shears) represent an effective alternative to the hydraulic / pneumatic striking mechanism, the steel bulb or the blasting agent in many cases, particularly when demolishing and renovating buildings. Their advantages lie in particular in the low noise level and the possibility , for example, to shred existing reinforcements and to separate the different building materials resulting from the shredding process from the point of view of reprocessing / reuse.

Die zuvor erwähnten Ausführungsformen von Abbruchwerkzeugen stimmen insofern miteinander überein, als sie jeweils eine kontinuierlich wirksame Schließkraft erzeugen. Bei der Zerkleinerung von Beton oder ähnlichen Baustoffen mit und ohne Armierung tritt immer wieder der Fall ein, daß in bestimmten Arbeitssituationen die vom Abbruchwerkzeug ausgeübte Brech- bzw. Schneidkraft nicht zu dem gewünschten Ergebnis führt. Das dementsprechend erforderliche häufigere Umsetzen, Nachführen und Neuansetzen des Abbruchwerkzeugs hat unter Umständen einen beachtlichen Ausfall an Abbruchleistung bzw. Zerkleinerungsleistung zur Folge.The previously mentioned embodiments of demolition tools correspond to one another in that they each generate a continuously effective closing force. When crushing concrete or similar building materials with and without reinforcement, there is always the case that in certain work situations the breaking or cutting force exerted by the demolition tool does not lead to the desired result. Accordingly, the more frequent relocation, tracking and rescheduling of the demolition tool may result in a considerable loss of demolition or shredding performance.

Die nachveröffentlichte Schrift EP-A-0404229 beschreibt ein Abbruchwerkzeug in Gestalt einer Abbruchzange mit zwei bezüglich eines Tragkörpers antreibbaren Werkzeugblättern. Diese sind derart ausgebildet, daß der an den Werkzeugblättern angreifenden Schließkraft zumindest zeitweilig Vibrationsbewegungen überlagert werden, die an einem der jeweils eine Zangenbacke bildenden Werkzeugblätter ausgelöst werden. An dieser Zangenbacke ist ein Zahnträger schwenkbar gehalten, der mittels eines Vibrationserzeugers in Form eines Zylinderaggregats relativ zur Zangenbacke hin- und herbewegt werden kann und dadurch die von der Abbruchzange ausgehende Zerkleinerungswirkung unterstützt.Post-published document EP-A-0404229 describes a demolition tool in the form of demolition pliers with two tool blades which can be driven with respect to a supporting body. These are designed in such a way that the closing force acting on the tool blades is at least temporarily superimposed on vibratory movements which are triggered on one of the tool blades each forming a pliers jaw. A toothed carrier is pivotally held on this jaw, which can be moved back and forth relative to the jaw by means of a vibration generator in the form of a cylinder unit and thereby supports the crushing effect emanating from the demolition jaw.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung und/oder Unterstützung der Zerkleinerungswirkung von Abbruchwerkzeugen und ein zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignetes Abbruchwerkzeug zu entwickeln, die lediglich im Bedarfsfall Vibrationen auslösen und die dementsprechend eine bessere Wirtschaftlichkeit aufweisen als bisher übliche Ausführungsformen.The invention is based on the object of developing a method for improving and / or supporting the crushing action of demolition tools and a demolition tool suitable for carrying out the method, which only trigger vibrations when required and which accordingly have better economic viability than previously conventional embodiments.

Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht danach darin, der an den Werkzeugblättern angreifenden Schließkraft zumindest zeitweilig Vibrationsbewegungen zu überlagen, die zumindest an einem der Werkzeugblätter erst ausgelöst werden, sobald die zwischen den Werkzeugblättern wirksame Schließkraft auf einen vorgegebenen, einstellbaren Mindestwert angestiegen ist.The basic idea of the invention is then to at least temporarily overlay the closing force acting on the tool blades with vibration movements which are only triggered on at least one of the tool blades as soon as the closing force effective between the tool blades has risen to a predetermined, adjustable minimum value.

Das betreffende Werkzeugblatt wird zur Erzeugung der Vibrationsbewegungen nicht unmittelbar selbst bewegt, sondern - beispielsweise über ein an ihm befestigtes Arbeitsgerät - mittelbar in Vibration versetzt.The tool sheet in question is not immediately used to generate the vibratory movements moved, but indirectly set in vibration - for example via a working device attached to it.

Aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit und der Begrenzung der Geräuschentwicklung werden die Vibrationsbewegungen erst ausgelöst, sobald die zwischen den Werkzeugblättern wirksame Schließkraft den bereits angesprochenen Mindestwert erreicht hat. Erst wenn sich im Normalbetrieb nicht die erwartete Zerkleinerungswirkung erzielen läßt, wird der Abbruchvorgang mit der bereits erwähnten Vibrationsüberlagerung fortgesetzt. Falls sich dabei der gewünschte Arbeitsfortschritt einstellt, sinkt die Schließkraft zeitweilig unter den eingestellten Mindestwert ab, so daß die Vibrationsbewegungen unterbrochen werden. Diese Vorgänge können sich während eines Arbeitszyklus, d. h. bis zum Schließen der Maulöffnung des Abbruchwerkzeugs, mehrfach wiederholen.For reasons of economy and to limit noise, the vibrations are only triggered as soon as the closing force between the tool blades has reached the minimum value already mentioned. Only when the expected shredding effect cannot be achieved in normal operation is the demolition process continued with the aforementioned vibration superimposition. If the desired work progress occurs, the closing force temporarily drops below the set minimum value, so that the vibration movements are interrupted. These operations can take place during a work cycle, e.g. H. Repeat several times until the jaw opening of the demolition tool is closed.

Um zu verhindern, daß die Vibrationsüberlagerung ohne Erzielung eines Arbeitsfortschritts über einen unnötig langen Zeitraum aufrechterhalten wird, ist vorgesehen, die Vibrationsbewegungen jeweils nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen, einstellbaren Zeitspanne zu unterbrechen (Anspruch 2).In order to prevent the vibration superimposition from being maintained over an unnecessarily long period of time without achieving work progress, it is provided that the vibration movements are interrupted each time after a predetermined, adjustable period of time (claim 2).

Um eine unerwünschte Beanspruchung des Abbruchwerkzeugs bei sich berührenden Werkzeugblättern auszuschließen, ist das Verfahren in der Weise ausgestaltet, daß die Erzeugung von Vibrationsbewegungen verhindert wird, sobald die Werkzeugblätter sich im Laufe der Schließbewegung einer vorgegebenen Endstellung angenähert haben (Anspruch 3).In order to rule out undesirable stress on the demolition tool when the tool blades are touching, the method is designed in such a way that the generation of vibratory movements is prevented as soon as the tool blades have approached a predetermined end position in the course of the closing movement (claim 3).

Die eingangs erwähnte Aufgabe wird ferner durch ein als Abbruchzange oder -schere ausgebildetes Abbruchwerkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 4 gelöst. Dieses weist einen Vibrationserzeuger auf, der während des Betriebes der Antriebseinheit für das zumindest eine bewegliche Werkzeugblatt einschaltbar ist und über den an der Maulöffnung auf das Zerkleinerungsmaterial einwirkende Vibrationsbewegungen auslösbar sind. Der Vibrationserzeuger wirkt auf die Antriebseinheit des Abbruchwerkzeugs ein, so daß diese die Vibrationsbewegungen des betreffenden Werkzeugblatts hervorruft, wobei die Vibrationsbewegungen erst durch Betätigung einer Schalteinheit ausgelöst werden, nachdem eine Kenngröße - welche ein Maß für die Beanspruchung während des Abbruchvorgangs darstellt - auf einen vorgegebenen, einstellbaren Mindestwert angestiegen ist. Falls das Abbruchwerkzeug hydraulisch betrieben wird, kommt als Kenngröße insbesondere der Betriebsdruck für die Antriebseinheit in Frage.The above-mentioned object is further achieved by a demolition tool designed as demolition pliers or scissors with the features of claim 4 solved. This has a vibration generator which can be switched on during operation of the drive unit for the at least one movable tool blade and via which vibration movements acting on the comminution material at the mouth opening can be triggered. The vibration generator acts on the drive unit of the demolition tool, so that it causes the vibrations of the relevant tool blade, the vibrations being triggered only by actuation of a switching unit, after a parameter - which represents a measure of the stress during the demolition process - on a predetermined, adjustable minimum value has risen. If the demolition tool is operated hydraulically, the operating pressure for the drive unit is particularly suitable as a parameter.

Die längstmögliche Zeitdauer der Vibrationsbewegungen läßt sich mittels eines Zeitgliedes einstellen, welches mit dem Anstieg der Kenngröße auf den Mindestwert den Vibrationserzeuger einschaltet (Anspruch 5).The longest possible duration of the vibration movements can be set by means of a timer which switches on the vibration generator when the parameter increases to the minimum value (claim 5).

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Erfindungsgegenstands ist ein vom Betriebsdruck der Antriebseinheit gesteuertes Zuschaltventil mit nachgeschaltetem Zeitglied vorhanden, über welche der Impulsgenerator einschaltbar ist, wobei dessen Energieversorgung unabhängig von der Stellung des zuschaltventils auch über das Zeitglied unterbrochen werden kann (Anspruch 6). Falls also der Betriebsdruck nach Anstieg auf einen vorgegebenen Mindestwert nicht unter diesen absinkt, wird der Impulsgenerator nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne trotzdem über das Zeitglied abgeschaltet mit der Folge, daß die Vibrationsüberlagerung entfällt.In a preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention there is a connecting valve controlled by the operating pressure of the drive unit and having a downstream timer via which the pulse generator can be switched on, the energy supply of which can also be interrupted via the timer regardless of the position of the connecting valve (claim 6). If, therefore, the operating pressure does not drop below this after rising to a predetermined minimum value, the pulse generator is nevertheless switched off via the timing element after a predetermined period of time, with the result that the vibration superposition is eliminated.

Aus Sicherheitsgründen ist zumindest einem angetriebenen Werkzeugblatt ein Endschalter zugeordnet, über den mit der Annäherung des Werkzeugblatts im Laufe der Schließbewegung an eine vorgegebene Endstellung der Vibrationserzeuger abgeschaltet wird (Anspruch 7). Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, daß über einen Anstieg der in Frage kommenden Kenngröße auf den vorgegebenen Mindestwert Vibrationsbewegungen aufrechterhalten bzw. ausgelöst werden, falls die Werkzeugblätter nach vollendeter Schließbewegung aneinander anliegen.For safety reasons, a limit switch is assigned to at least one driven tool blade, by means of which the vibration generator is switched off when the tool blade approaches the predetermined end position during the closing movement (claim 7). This prevents vibrating movements from being maintained or triggered by an increase in the parameter in question to the predetermined minimum value if the tool blades abut one another after the closing movement has been completed.

Die Vibrationsbewegungen können jedoch auch mittels zumindest eines Schlagwerks ausgelöst werden, welches sich an einem Werkzeugblatt abstützt (Anspruch 8); erforderlichenfalls kann jedes der beiden Werkzeugblätter auch mit mehreren Schlagwerken ausgestattet sein, die im Bereich der Maulöffnung auf das Zerkleinerungsmaterial einwirken und dabei auch die Werkzeugblätter mittelbar in Vibration versetzen.However, the vibration movements can also be triggered by means of at least one striking mechanism, which is supported on a tool blade (claim 8); if necessary, each of the two tool blades can also be equipped with a plurality of striking mechanisms which act on the comminution material in the region of the mouth opening and thereby also indirectly set the tool blades in vibration.

Die Schlagwerke bestehen im einfachsten Fall aus einem Zylinderaggregat mit einem Schlagkolben, der unter Einwirkung eines Druckmittels entgegen der Wirkung einer Rückstellung verschiebbar ist. Die Schlagwerke können jedoch auch eine Umsteuerung für die Bewegung des Schlagkolbens aufweisen, wie sie bei Hydraulikhämmern zur Anwendung kommt.In the simplest case, the striking mechanisms consist of a cylinder unit with a striking piston which, under the action of a pressure medium, can be displaced against the action of a reset. However, the striking mechanisms can also have a reversal for the movement of the striking piston, as is used in hydraulic hammers.

Die Vibrationsbewegungen lassen sich auch mittels zumindest eines Unwuchterzeugers auslösen, welcher sich an einem Werkzeugblatt abstützt (Anspruch 9). Insbesondere bei Ausführungsformen mit zwei beweglichen Werkzeugblättern sind letztere jeweils mit einem Unwuchterzeuger ausgestattet, und zwar vorzugsweise derart, daß die von den Unwuchterzeugern ausgehende Kraftwirkung - bezogen auf das Zerkleinerungsmaterial - einander entgegen gerichtet ist.The vibration movements can also be triggered by means of at least one imbalance generator, which is supported on a tool blade (claim 9). Particularly in the case of embodiments with two movable tool blades, the latter are each equipped with an unbalance generator, and preferably in such a way that the force effect emanating from the unbalance generators is related on the shredding material - is directed towards each other.

Das Abbruchwerkzeug kann demnach im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Lehre auch derart ausgestaltet sein, daß sowohl über die Antriebseinheit als auch über zumindest ein Schlagwerk oder einen Unwuchterzeuger vibrierend auf das Zerkleinerungsmaterial eingewirkt werden kann.Accordingly, the demolition tool can also be designed within the framework of the teaching according to the invention such that the comminution material can be vibrated both via the drive unit and via at least one percussion mechanism or an imbalance generator.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand mehrerer in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele im einzelnen erläutert, die sich auf ein als Abbruchzange ausgebildetes Abbruchwerkzeug mit zwei angetriebenen Zangenbacken beziehen.The invention is explained in detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, which relate to a demolition tool designed as demolition pliers with two driven pliers jaws.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in Schrägansicht schematisiert das Zusammenwirken der erfindungsgemäßen Abbruchzange mit einem Hydraulikbagger,
Fig. 2
schematisiert den Aufbau und die Schaltung der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Abbruchzange, deren angetriebene Zangenbacken während des Zerkleinerungsvorgangs ggf. zusätzlich Vibrationsbewegungen ausführen können,
Fig. 3
schematisiert den Aufbau und die Schaltung einer (teilweise dargestellten) Abbruchzange, deren bewegliche Zangenbacken jeweils mit mehreren Schlagwerken ausgestattet sind und über diese ggf. Vibrationsbewegungen ausführen können,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt nach Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3 durch die rechte Klemmbacke im Bereich der dort angeordneten Schlagwerke, und
Fig. 5
eine Teilansicht einer Zangenbacke, an welcher ein Unwuchterzeuger befestigt ist.
Show it:
Fig. 1
in an oblique view schematically the interaction of the demolition grapple according to the invention with a hydraulic excavator,
Fig. 2
1 schematically shows the structure and the circuitry of the demolition grapple, the driven jaws of which may perform additional vibratory movements during the comminution process,
Fig. 3
schematically the structure and the circuit of a (partly shown) demolition grapple, the movable jaws of which are each equipped with several striking mechanisms and can execute vibratory movements, if necessary,
Fig. 4
a section along line IV-IV in Fig. 3 through the right jaw in the area of the striking mechanism arranged there, and
Fig. 5
a partial view of a jaw, on which an unbalance generator is attached.

In Fig. 1 ist beispielhaft der Einsatz einer Abbruchzange 1 bei der Zerkleinerung/Zerstörung einer im Untergrund 2 festgehaltenen Betonplatte 3 dargestellt, und zwar im Zusammenwirken mit einem Hydraulikbagger 4.1 shows an example of the use of demolition tongs 1 for crushing / destroying a concrete slab 3 held in the subsurface 2, in cooperation with a hydraulic excavator 4.

Die Abbruchzange 1 weist in an sich bekannter Weise als Hauptbestandteile zwei angetriebene Zangenbacken 5 und 6 auf, die beweglich an einem Tragkörper 7 gehalten sind. Dieser ist über eine Anschlußplatte 8 drehbar an einer Anschlußkonsole 9 befestigt, die ihrerseits schwenkbar mit einem Baggerausleger 10 - bestehend im wesentlichen aus einem vorderen Schwenkarm 11 und einem hinteren Tragarm 12 - in Verbindung steht. Letzterer ist bezüglich der Plattform 13 des Hydraulikbaggers schwenkbar gehalten, die u. a. auch das als Energiequelle dienende Hydraulikaggregat 14 aufnimmt; dieses ermöglicht auch den Betrieb der Abbruchzange 1.The demolition grapple 1 has, in a manner known per se, the main components of two driven jaws 5 and 6, which are movably held on a support body 7. This is rotatably attached to a connection bracket 9 via a connection plate 8, which in turn is pivotable with a Excavator boom 10 - consisting essentially of a front swivel arm 11 and a rear support arm 12 - is connected. The latter is held pivotably with respect to the platform 13 of the hydraulic excavator, which also houses the hydraulic unit 14 serving as an energy source; this also enables the demolition grapple 1 to be operated.

Die Antriebseinheit zur Betätigung der beiden Zangenbacken 5 und 6 besteht aus zwei Zylinderaggregaten 15 bzw. 16, die über ihr Zylindergehäuse 15a, 16a und ihre Kolbenstange 15b, 16b gelenkig an dem Tragkörper 7 bzw. an der zugehörigen Zangenbacke 5 oder 6 befestigt sind; die letztgenannten Bestandteile stützen sich außerhalb des Bereichs der Kolbenstangen 15b, 16b über ein Drehlager 5a bzw. 6a am Tragkörper ab und bilden die veränderliche Maulöffnung 17 des Abbruchwerkszeugs, in welche die zu zerkleinernde Betonplatte 3 während des Abbruchvorgangs hineinragt.The drive unit for actuating the two jaws 5 and 6 consists of two cylinder units 15 and 16, which are articulated via their cylinder housing 15a, 16a and their piston rod 15b, 16b to the support body 7 or to the associated jaw 5 or 6; the latter components are supported outside the region of the piston rods 15b, 16b on the support body via a rotary bearing 5a or 6a and form the variable jaw opening 17 of the demolition tool into which the concrete slab 3 to be crushed protrudes during the demolition process.

Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform (Fig. 2) weist jede Zangenbacke 5 und 6 - in Richtung ihrer Längserstreckung und in Richtung auf die Längsachse la der Abbruchzange gesehen - zwei vorspringende Zähne 5b, c bzw. 6b, c auf, die unter Einwirkung der von den Zylinderaggregaten 15, 16 ausgeübten Schließkraft auf die Betonplatte 3 einwirken. Wie die in Rede stehende Darstellung erkennen läßt, ist die Abbruchzange 1 hinsichtlich der Anordnung und Ausbildung ihrer Hauptbestandteile bezüglich der Längsachse 1a im wesentlichen symmetrisch ausgebildet.In the illustrated embodiment (Fig. 2) each jaw 5 and 6 - seen in the direction of their longitudinal extension and in the direction of the longitudinal axis la of the demolition grapple - two projecting teeth 5b, c and 6b, c, which under the influence of the Cylinder units 15, 16 exert the closing force exerted on the concrete slab 3. As can be seen from the illustration in question, the demolition grapple 1 is essentially symmetrical with regard to the arrangement and design of its main components with respect to the longitudinal axis 1a.

Die rechte Zangenbacke 6 weist in der Nähe ihres Drehlagers 6a einen Anschlag 18 auf; dieser ist bezüglich eines am Tragkörper 7 befestigten Endschalters 19 (in Gestalt eines Zweistellungsventils) derart angeordnet, daß er diesen - entgegen der Wirkung einer Rückstellfeder 19a - in die nicht dargestellte Öffnungsstellung verschiebt, sobald sich die beiden Zangenbacken 5 und 6 im Laufe der Schließbewegung einer vorgegebenen Endstellung angenähert haben, d. h. beinahe aneinander zur Anlage gekommen sind. Die zuvor erwähnte Verstellung des Endschalters 19 wird dadurch herbeigeführt, daß der Anschlag 18 im Lauf der von der Zangenbacke 6 ausgeführten Schwenkbewegung im Uhrzeigersinn an dem Taster 19b des Endschalters zur Anlage kommt und diesen anschließend (in der Zeichnung nach rechts) mitbewegt.The right jaw 6 has a stop 18 near its pivot bearing 6a; this is arranged with respect to a limit switch 19 fastened to the support body 7 (in the form of a two-position valve) in such a way that it counteracts the action of a return spring 19a - moves into the open position, not shown, as soon as the two jaws 5 and 6 have approached a predetermined end position in the course of the closing movement, that is to say have almost come into contact with one another. The aforementioned adjustment of the limit switch 19 is brought about in that the stop 18 comes to rest against the button 19b of the limit switch in the course of the pivoting movement carried out by the pliers jaw 6 and then moves it (to the right in the drawing).

Die Inbetriebnahme, Umschaltung oder Abschaltung der Abbruchzange 1 wird mittels eines 3/2-Wegeventils 20 (drei Stellungen, zwei Wege) herbeigeführt, welches auf der Eingangsseite an eine Hydraulikquelle 21 bzw. an eine drucklose Rücklaufleitung 22 mit einem Rücklauffilter 23 angeschlossen ist; die Ausgangsseite steht unter Zwischenschaltung eines druckgesteuerten Wegeventils 24 über eine Leitung 25 mit dem Ausfahreingang 15c, 16c der beiden Zylinderaggregate 15, 16 bzw. über eine Leitung 26 mit dem zugehörigen Einfahreingang 15d, 16d in Verbindung. Solange das Vegeventil 24 die aus Fig. 2 ersichtliche Stellung einnimmt, führt die Verschiebung des 3/2-Wegeventils 20 nach rechts dazu, daß die Ausfahreingänge 15c, 16c über die Leitung 25 druckbeaufschlagt bzw. die Einfahreingänge 15d, 16d über die Leitung 26 druckentlastet sind mit der Folge, daß über die Kolbenstangen 15b, 16b und die Zangenbacken 5, 6 eine an der Betonplatte 3 angreifende Schließkraft ausgeübt wird; die Zangenbacken haben also das Bestreben, sich entgegen der Wirkung der Betonplatte 3 aufeinanderzuzubewegen.The commissioning, switching or switching off of the demolition grapple 1 is carried out by means of a 3/2-way valve 20 (three positions, two ways), which is connected on the input side to a hydraulic source 21 or to a pressure-free return line 22 with a return filter 23; the output side is connected with the interposition of a pressure-controlled directional valve 24 via a line 25 to the extension inlet 15c, 16c of the two cylinder units 15, 16 or via a line 26 to the associated inlet inlet 15d, 16d. As long as the Vegeventil 24 occupies the position shown in FIG. 2, the displacement of the 3/2-way valve 20 to the right leads to the fact that the extension inlets 15c, 16c are pressurized via line 25 or the inlet ports 15d, 16d are relieved of pressure via line 26 are the result that a closing force acting on the concrete plate 3 is exerted on the piston rods 15b, 16b and the jaws 5, 6; the jaws of the pliers therefore endeavor to move towards one another against the action of the concrete slab 3.

Ausgehend von der dargestellten Abschaltstellung des 3/2-Wegeventils 20 führt dessen Verschiebung nach links dazu, daß die Einfahreingänge 15d, 16d über die Leitung 26 druckbeaufschlagt sind und die Zangenbacken 5, 6 eine die Maulöffnung 17 vergrößernde Öffnungsbewegung ausführen. Die Leitung 25 weist ein über einen Leitungszweig 25a parallel geschaltetes Zuschaltventil 27 auf, dessen Stellung über eine in den Leitungszweig 25a einmündende Steuerleitung 27a - entgegen der Wirkung einer einstellbaren Vorspannkraft - beeinflußbar ist. In der (nicht dargestellten) Zuschaltstellung beaufschlagt der in den Leitungen 25, 25a vorliegende Betriebsdruck den Steuereingang 24a des Wegeventils 24, ein druckgesteuertes Zeitglied 28 und eine Leitung 29, die über den Endschalter 19 ggf. an einen drucklosen Rücklauf 30 angeschlossen werden kann. Solange der Endschalter 19 die angedeutete Sperrstellung einnimmt, ist die Verbindung zwischen dem Rücklauf 30 und der Leitung 29 unterbrochen. Letztere ist also ggf. - ebenso wie das Zeitglied 28 und der Steuereingang 24a - mit dem Betriebsdruck beaufschlagt.Starting from the switch-off position of the 3/2-way valve 20 shown, its displacement to the left leads to the retraction inputs 15d, 16d are pressurized via line 26 and the jaws 5, 6 execute an opening movement which enlarges the jaw opening 17. The line 25 has a connecting valve 27 connected in parallel via a line branch 25a, the position of which can be influenced via a control line 27a opening into the line branch 25a - contrary to the effect of an adjustable pretensioning force. In the (not shown) switch-on position, the operating pressure present in the lines 25, 25a acts on the control input 24a of the directional control valve 24, a pressure-controlled timer 28 and a line 29, which can be connected to a pressure-free return 30 via the limit switch 19. As long as the limit switch 19 assumes the indicated blocking position, the connection between the return 30 and the line 29 is interrupted. The latter may therefore - like the timer 28 and the control input 24a - be subjected to the operating pressure.

Das Zuschaltventil 27 ist derart eingestellt, daß es erst in die Zuschaltstellung umschaltet, nach dem der in den Leitungen 25, 25a anliegende Betriebsdruck auf einen eingestellten Mindestwert angestiegen ist, der seinerseits ein Maß für die von den Zylinderaggregaten 15, 16 über die Zangenbacken 5, 6 ausgeübte Schließkraft darstellt.The cut-in valve 27 is set such that it only switches to the cut-in position after the operating pressure in the lines 25, 25a has risen to a set minimum value, which in turn is a measure of the pressure from the cylinder units 15, 16 via the pliers jaws 5, 6 represents closing force exerted.

Die Leitung 25 geht unter Zwischenschaltung eines Rückschlagventils 31 in eine Impulsleitung 32 über, die mittels eines Drehschleber-Impulsgenerators 33 pulsierend mit Druck beaufschlagt werden kann. Der mittels eines Hydraulikmotors 34 antreibbare Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator ist über eine Zulaufleitung 35, die auch mit einem Druckspeicher 36 ausgestattet ist, an den zweiten Ausgang des Wegeventils 24 angeschlossen. Die Zulaufleitung 35 geht weiterhin unter Zwischenschaltung eines druckgesteuerten Sperrventils 37 in eine Antriebsleitung 38 für den Hydraulikmotor 34 über, dessen Rücklauf 39 in die drucklose Rücklaufleitung 22 einmündet.The line 25 passes through the interposition of a check valve 31 into a pulse line 32, which can be pulsed with pressure by means of a rotary slide pulse generator 33. The rotary vane pulse generator, which can be driven by means of a hydraulic motor 34, is connected to the second outlet of the directional control valve 24 via an inlet line 35, which is also equipped with a pressure accumulator 36. The feed line 35 continues, with the interposition of a pressure-controlled shut-off valve 37, into a drive line 38 for the hydraulic motor 34. whose return 39 opens into the unpressurized return line 22.

Der Druckschalter 28 betätigt über eine Schaltleitung 40 ggf. einen Zeitschalter 41, der seinerseits mit dem Steuereingang 37a des Sperrventils 37 und mit einem Auslaß 42 in Verbindung steht.The pressure switch 28 actuates a time switch 41 via a switching line 40, which in turn is connected to the control input 37a of the check valve 37 and to an outlet 42.

Sobald der Zeitschalter 41 über die Schaltleitung 40 mit Druck beaufschlagt wird, wird die Verbindung zwischen den Leitungen 40 und 42 unterbrochen und gleichzeitig ein Zählvorgang eingeleitet, dessen Zeitdauer einstellbar ist. Solange dieser Zählvorgang nicht beendet ist, nimmt das über seinen Steuereingang 37a mit Druck beaufschlagte Sperrventil 37 die nicht dargestellte Öffnungsstellung ein, so daß der Hydraulikmotor 34 über seine Antriebsleitung 38 ggf., d. h. bei geeigneter Stellung des Wegeventils 24, mit Antriebsenergie versorgt wird. Mit der Beendigung des Zählvorgangs gibt der Zeitschalter 41 den drucklosen Auslaß 42 frei mit der Folge, daß der Druck am Steuereingang 37a abfällt und das Sperrventil 37 in die dargestellte Sperrstellung umschaltet: Da die Energieversorgung des Hydraulikmotors 34 unterbrochen ist, wird der während des betreffenden Zeitraums wirksame Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator 33 abgeschaltet.As soon as pressure is applied to the timer 41 via the switching line 40, the connection between the lines 40 and 42 is interrupted and at the same time a counting process is initiated, the duration of which can be set. As long as this counting process is not completed, the check valve 37, which is pressurized via its control input 37a, assumes the open position (not shown), so that the hydraulic motor 34 via its drive line 38, if necessary, i. H. with a suitable position of the directional valve 24, is supplied with drive energy. With the end of the counting process, the timer 41 releases the unpressurized outlet 42, with the result that the pressure at the control input 37a drops and the shut-off valve 37 switches into the illustrated shut-off position: since the power supply to the hydraulic motor 34 is interrupted, it becomes during the relevant period effective rotary valve pulse generator 33 switched off.

Die Verschiebung des Zuschaltventils 27 in die nicht dargestellte Zuschaltstellung hat gleichzeitig zur Folge, daß das Wegeventil 24 in die zweite, nicht dargestellte Stellung umschaltet, in welcher u. a. unter Zwischenschaltung des Sperrventils 37 eine Verbindung zwischen den Leitungen 25 und 38 hergestellt wird.The displacement of the connecting valve 27 into the connecting position, not shown, also has the consequence that the directional control valve 24 switches to the second position, not shown, in which u. a. with the interposition of the check valve 37, a connection between the lines 25 and 38 is established.

Der Druckspeicher 36 dient dazu, die während des Betriebes des Drehschieber-Impulsgenerators 33 bewußt erzeugten Druckschwankungen auszugleichen, die außerhalb des Bereichs der Zylinderaggregate 15, 16 als rücklaufende Druckschwankungen unerwünscht sind.The pressure accumulator 36 serves to compensate for the pressure fluctuations that are deliberately generated during the operation of the rotary slide valve pulse generator 33, and those outside the area of the cylinder units 15, 16 as returning pressure fluctuations are undesirable.

Nach den vorausgehenden Erläuterungen bilden der Druckschalter 28 und der Zeitschalter 41 ein Zeitglied, welches nach Ablauf einer einstellbaren, vorgegebenen Zeitdauer selbsttätig die Erzeugung weiterer impulsartiger Druckschwankungen unterbricht bzw. verhindert, und zwar unabhängig von der Stellung des Zuschaltventils 27.According to the preceding explanations, the pressure switch 28 and the timer 41 form a timer which automatically interrupts or prevents the generation of further pulse-like pressure fluctuations after an adjustable, predetermined period of time, regardless of the position of the connecting valve 27.

Die in Rede stehende Ausführungsform (gemäß Fig. 2) des Erfindungsgegenstandes arbeitet folgendermaßen: Nach der Inbetriebnahme der Abbruchzange 1 durch Verschieben des 3/2-Wegeventils 20 nach rechts wird durch Druckbeaufschlagung der Ausfahreingänge 15c, 16c der normale Schließvorgang eingeleitet, der eine von den Zangenbacken 5, 6 ausgeübte, der Zerkleinerung/Zerstörung der Betonplatte 3 dienende Schließkraft zur Folge hat. Falls die Wirkung der Zangenbacken nicht zu dem gewünschten Arbeitsfortschritt führt, steigt der Betriebsdruck in den Leitungen 25, 25a und 27a an, so daß das zunächst die Sperrstellung einnehmende Zuschaltventil 27 schließlich in die Zuschaltstellung umschaltet und dadurch das Wegeventil 24 in die nicht dargestellte zweite Betriebsstellung (d. h. nach rechts) bzw. unter Einwirkung der Schalter 28 und 41 das Sperrventil 37 in die Öffnungsstellung verschiebt. Diese Vorgänge haben zur Folge, daß der über die Leitungen 25, 38 mit Energie versorgte Hydraulikmotor 34 den Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator 33 antreibt und über diesen in den Leitungen 32, 25 und den Zylinderaggregaten 15, 16 bewußt Druckschwankungen erzeugt, über welche die Zangenbacken 5, 6 unmittelbar in Vibration versetzt werden. Die Einschaltung des Hydraulikmotors 34 und des Drehschieber-Impulsgenerators 33 führt also dazu, daß der Schließkraft zeitweilig Vibrationsbewegungen überlagert werden, die ggf. die von den Zangenbacken ausgehende Abbruchwirkung unterstützt bzw. verbessert.The embodiment in question (according to FIG. 2) of the subject matter of the invention works as follows: after the demolition tongs 1 have been put into operation by moving the 3/2-way valve 20 to the right, the normal closing process is initiated by pressurizing the extension inputs 15c, 16c, one of which Pliers jaws 5, 6 exerted, the crushing / destruction of the concrete plate 3 serving closing force. If the action of the pliers jaws does not lead to the desired work progress, the operating pressure in lines 25, 25a and 27a increases, so that the connecting valve 27, which initially occupies the blocking position, finally switches over to the connecting position and thereby the directional control valve 24 into the second operating position, not shown (ie to the right) or under the influence of switches 28 and 41, the shut-off valve 37 moves into the open position. As a result of these processes, the hydraulic motor 34, which is supplied with energy via the lines 25, 38, drives the rotary slide valve pulse generator 33 and deliberately generates pressure fluctuations in the lines 32, 25 and the cylinder units 15, 16 via which the jaws 5, 6 are immediately vibrated. The activation of the hydraulic motor 34 and the rotary slide pulse generator 33 thus leads to the fact that the closing force is temporarily superimposed on vibratory movements, which, if necessary, the termination effect emanating from the pliers jaws supports or improves.

Die Vibrationsüberlagerung bleibt wirksam, solange das Zuschaltventil 27 - abhängig vom Betriebsdruck in den Leitungen 25, 25a und 27a - die Zuschaltstellung einnimmt; sie ist in jedem Falle jedoch zeitlich begrenzt durch die mit dem Zeitschalter 41 vorgegebene Zeitdauer, nach deren Ablauf der Auslaß 42 freigegeben und damit durch Rückführen des Sperrventils 37 in die dargestellte Sperrstellung der Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator 33 stillgesetzt wird.The vibration superimposition remains effective as long as the connection valve 27 - depending on the operating pressure in lines 25, 25a and 27a - assumes the connection position; in any case, however, it is limited in time by the period of time predetermined with the timer 41, after the expiration of which the outlet 42 is released and thus the rotary slide valve pulse generator 33 is stopped by returning the check valve 37 to the shown locked position.

Falls sich auch durch Auslösen von Vibrationsbewegungen innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne kein Arbeitsfortschritt erzielen läßt, hat die Bedienungsperson die Möglichkeit, die Abbruchzange durch Betätigen des 3/2-Wegeventils 20 zu öffnen und beispielsweise umzusetzen.If no work progress can be achieved by triggering vibratory movements within a predetermined period of time, the operator has the option of opening the demolition grapple by actuating the 3/2-way valve 20 and, for example, moving it.

Eine unerwünschte Beanspruchung der Bestandteile der Abbruchzange 1 wird dadurch verhindert, daß der Endschalter 19 unter Einwirkung des Anschlags 18 gegen Ende der Schließbewegung in die nicht dargestellte Öffnungsstellung verschoben wird, wodurch die Leitung 29 an den drucklosen Rücklauf 30 angeschlossen wird. Die für die Auslösung der Vibrationsbewegungen erforderliche Druckbeaufschlagung des Wegeventils 24 und des Druckschalters 28 ist daher auch dann nicht möglich, wenn das Zuschaltventil 27 aufgrund eines Anstiegs des Betriebsdrucks die Zuschaltstellung einnehmen sollte.An undesirable stress on the components of the demolition grapple 1 is prevented by moving the limit switch 19 under the action of the stop 18 towards the end of the closing movement into the open position (not shown), as a result of which the line 29 is connected to the unpressurized return 30. The pressurization of the directional control valve 24 and the pressure switch 28 required for triggering the vibration movements is therefore not possible even if the connection valve 27 should assume the connection position due to an increase in the operating pressure.

Der Vorteil der in Rede stehenden Ausführungsform besteht darin, daß die Zangenbacken 5, 6 unter Einwirkung der Zylinderaggregate 15, 16 zeitweilig unmittelbar selbst in Vibration versetzt werden und somit zusätzlich erhebliche, den Abbruchvorgang unterstützende Impulskräfte entstehen. Dies setzt allerdings voraus, daß der Vibrationserzeuger (Hydraulikmotor 34 nebst DrehschieberImpulsgenerator 33) entsprechend ausgelegt ist.The advantage of the embodiment in question is that the pliers jaws 5, 6 are temporarily set in vibration directly under the action of the cylinder units 15, 16 and thus, in addition, considerable impulse forces that support the demolition process arise. However, this presupposes that the vibration generator (hydraulic motor 34 and rotary slide pulse generator 33) is designed accordingly.

Die in Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellte Abbruchzange unterscheidet sich zunächst einmal rein konstruktiv dadurch von der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform, daß beide Klemmbacken 5 und 6 (dargestellt ist im wesentlichen nur die Klemmbacke 6) lediglich einen in Richtung auf die Längsachse la vorspringenden Zahn (beispielsweise 6b) aufweisen und im Bereich jedes Zahnes mit zwei Schlagwerken 43 ausgestattet sind; diese liegen - quer zur Zeichenebene gesehen (Fig. 3) - im Bereich des Zahnes mit Abstand nebeneinander (Fig. 4).The demolition pliers shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 initially differ purely in design from the embodiment described above in that both clamping jaws 5 and 6 (essentially only the clamping jaw 6 is shown) only one tooth projecting in the direction of the longitudinal axis la (for example 6b) and are equipped with two striking mechanisms 43 in the area of each tooth; these lie - seen transversely to the plane of the drawing (Fig. 3) - in the area of the tooth at a distance from each other (Fig. 4).

Jedes Schlagwerk besitzt eine bezüglich der Zangenbacke ausfahrbare Kolbenstange 43a nebst Kolben 43b, der über eine Impulsleitung 44 - entgegen der Wirkung einer Rückstellfeder 45 - nach außen, d. h. in Richtung auf den zu zerkleinernden Betonblock 3, verschiebbar ist.Each hammer mechanism has a piston rod 43a, which can be extended with respect to the jaw of the pliers, together with piston 43b, which, contrary to the action of a return spring 45, moves outwards via a pulse line 44, i. H. is displaceable in the direction of the concrete block 3 to be crushed.

Im Gegensatz zu der bereits beschriebenen Ausführungsform (gemäß Fig. 2) sind die Ausfahreingänge der Zylinderaggregate - beispielsweise der Ausfahreingang 16c des Zylinderaggregats 16 - über den Leitungszweig 25a und die Leitung 25 an das bereits erwähnte 3/2-Wegeventil 20 angeschlossen. Im Hinblick auf die Zylinderaggregate hat dieses also nur die Wirkung, daß diese ggf. eine Schließ- oder Öffnungsbewegung ausführen.In contrast to the embodiment already described (according to FIG. 2), the extension inputs of the cylinder units - for example the extension input 16c of the cylinder unit 16 - are connected via the line branch 25a and the line 25 to the 3/2-way valve 20 already mentioned. With regard to the cylinder units, this only has the effect that they may perform a closing or opening movement.

Das ebenfalls an den Leitungszweig 25a angeschlossene Zuschaltventil 27 beeinflußt über einen Steuereingang 46a ggf. die Stellung eines federbelasteten Sperrventils 46, welches in der Öffnungsstellung die Leitung 25 mit der Antriebsleitung 38 für den Hydraulikmotor 34, mit der Zulaufleitung 35 für den drehschieber-Impulsgenerator 33 und mit dem Druckspeicher 36 verbindet.The connecting valve 27 also connected to the line branch 25a influences, via a control input 46a, the position of a spring-loaded check valve 46, which in the open position connects the line 25 with the drive line 38 for the hydraulic motor 34, with the inlet line 35 for the rotary valve pulse generator 33 and connects to the pressure accumulator 36.

Der Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator kann über die bereits erwähnte Impulsleitung 44 die an den Zangenbacken angebrachten Schlagwerke 43 antreiben. Die in Rede stehende Ausführungsform arbeitet folgendermaßen:
Mit dem Betätigen des 3/2-Wegeventils 20 durch Verschieben nach rechts werden die Zylinderaggregate über die Leitungen 25, 25a im Sinne ihrer Ausfahrbewegung mit Druck beaufschlagt; dies führt dazu, daß die Zangenbacken über ihre Zähne an der zu zerkleinernden Betonplatte 3 zur Anlage kommen und an dieser die von den Zylinderaggregaten hervorgerufene Schließkraft zur Einwirkung bringen. Die Schlagwerke 43 sind währenddessen nicht in Betrieb, da das Sperrventil 46 die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Sperrstellung einnimmt, der Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator 33 dementsprechend nicht wirksam und die Impulsleitung nicht druckbeaufschlagt ist. Die Kolbenstangen 43a und Kolben 43b nehmen unter Einwirkung der Rückstellfedern 45 die in Fig. 4 angedeutete, eingefahrene Ruhestellung ein.
The rotary vane pulse generator can be used via the already mentioned impulse line 44 drive the striking mechanisms 43 attached to the pliers jaws. The embodiment in question works as follows:
With the actuation of the 3/2-way valve 20 by shifting to the right, the cylinder units are pressurized via the lines 25, 25a in the sense of their extension movement; this leads to the fact that the jaws of the pliers come to rest against the concrete slab 3 to be shredded and bring the closing force caused by the cylinder units into effect there. The striking mechanisms 43 are not in operation during this time, since the blocking valve 46 assumes the blocking position shown in FIG. 3, the rotary slide pulse generator 33 is accordingly not effective and the pulse line is not pressurized. The piston rods 43a and piston 43b assume the retracted rest position indicated in FIG. 4 under the action of the return springs 45.

Falls die Druckbeaufschlagung der Zylinderaggregate keinen Arbeitsfortschritt erbringt, führt dies zu einem Anstieg des Betriebsdrucks in den Leitungen 25, 25a und 27a. Mit dem Erreichen eines am Zuschaltventil 27 vorgegebenen Mindestwertes schaltet dieses in die nicht dargestellte Zuschaltstellung um, verschiebt durch Druckbeaufschlagung des Steuereingangs 46a das Sperrventil 46 in die nicht dargestellte Öffnungsstellung und schaltet dadurch den Hydraulikmotor 34 ein, der seinerseits den Drehschieber-Impulsgenerator 33 antreibt. Dieser beaufschlagt über die Impulsleitung 44 die Schlagwerke 43 in der Weise, daß deren Bestandteile 43a und 43b hin- und hergehende Bewegungen ausführen. Solange das Zuschaltventil 27 die Zuschaltstellung einnimmt, werden der von den Zangenbacken ausgeübten Schließkraft also zusätzlich auf die Betonplatte 3 einwirkende Vibrationsbewegungen überlagert. Da die Zangenbacken die von.den Schlagwerken ausgehenden Impulskräfte aufnehmen, werden sie über diese mittelbar ebenfalls in Vibration versetzt. Die von den Arbeitsbedingungen abhängige Zuschaltung des Drehschieber-Impulsgenerators 33 führt dazu, daß sich unter Umständen ohne Umsetzen der Abbruchzange ansonsten nicht mögliche Arbeitsfortschritte erzielen lassen.If the pressurization of the cylinder units does not make any progress, this leads to an increase in the operating pressure in the lines 25, 25a and 27a. When a minimum value specified on the connecting valve 27 is reached, it switches over to the connecting position, not shown, shifts the blocking valve 46 into the open position, not shown, by pressurizing the control input 46a, and thereby switches on the hydraulic motor 34, which in turn drives the rotary valve pulse generator 33. This impacts the striking mechanisms 43 via the impulse line 44 in such a way that their components 43a and 43b execute reciprocating movements. As long as the cut-in valve 27 assumes the cut-in position, the closing force exerted by the pliers jaws will be additionally vibrating movements acting on the concrete slab 3 are superimposed. Since the jaws absorb the impulse forces emanating from the striking mechanisms, they are also indirectly vibrated by them. The connection of the rotary slide pulse generator 33, which is dependent on the working conditions, leads to the fact that otherwise it would not be possible to achieve work progress without moving the demolition grapple.

Die zuletzt beschriebene Ausführungsform des Erfindungsgegenstandes kann - in Anlehnung an die Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 2 - dadurch vorteilhaft ausgestaltet sein, daß das Zuschaltventil 27 unter Zwischenschaltung des Druckschalters 28, der Schaltleitung 40, des Zeitschalters 41 und des Auslasses 42 an das Sperrventil 46 angeschlossen ist. Bei einer derartigen Weiterbildung wird das Sperrventil 46 ggf. unabhängig von der Stellung des Zuschaltventils 27 nach Ablauf einer einstellbaren, vorgegebenen Zeitspanne selbsttätig in die dargestellte Sperrstellung umgeschaltet, wodurch die Energieversorgung des Hydraulikmotors 34 unterbrochen wird.The last-described embodiment of the subject matter of the invention can - in reference to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 - be advantageously configured in that the connection valve 27 is connected to the check valve 46 with the interposition of the pressure switch 28, the switching line 40, the timer 41 and the outlet 42 . In such a development, the shutoff valve 46 is automatically switched to the illustrated shutoff position after an adjustable, predetermined period of time, independently of the position of the connecting valve 27, whereby the power supply to the hydraulic motor 34 is interrupted.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 5 werden die Vibrationsbewegungen der Klemmbacken 5 und 6 (dargestellt ist beispielhaft lediglich die Klemmbacke 6) mittels an diesen befestigter Unwuchterzeuger 47 ausgelöst. Diese sind derart angeordnet und ausgebildet, daß die von ihnen ausgehende Kraftwirkung - bezogen auf die zu zerkleinernde Betonplatte 3 (vgl. dazu beispielsweise Fig. 3) - jeweils einander entgegen gerichtet ist.In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the vibratory movements of the clamping jaws 5 and 6 (only the clamping jaw 6 is shown as an example) are triggered by means of the unbalance generator 47 attached to the latter. These are arranged and designed in such a way that the force effect emanating from them - in relation to the concrete slab 3 to be crushed (cf. FIG. 3 for example) - is directed in opposite directions to one another.

Abweichend von den dargestellten Ausführungsformen kann die Abbruchzange im Rahmen der Erfindung auch derart ausgebildet und geschaltet sein, daß sie mehrere Arten der Vibrationsüberlagerung zuläßt, also die impulsartige Beaufschlagung der Zylinderaggregate 15, 16 gemäß Fig. 2 und die Beaufschlagung des Zerkleinerungsmaterials (Betonplatte 3) durch Zuschalten von Schlagwerken oder Unwuchterzeugern, die an den Zangenbacken angebracht sind.Deviating from the illustrated embodiments, the demolition grapple can also be designed and switched within the scope of the invention such that it allows several types of vibration superimposition, that is, the pulse-like action on the cylinder units 15, 16 according to FIG. 2 and the action of the crushing material (concrete slab 3) by switching on striking mechanisms or unbalance generators which are attached to the pliers jaws.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind dabei beide Vibrationsüberlagerungen getrennt von einander zuschaltbar, so daß sie - abhängig von den Betriebsbedingungen - ggf. gleichzeitig oder nacheinander wirksam werden können. Falls also beispielsweise die Vibrationsbewegungen der Zangenbacken noch keinen Arbeitsfortschritt erbringen, kann dieser eventuell durch Einschalten oder Zuschalten der Schlagwerke oder Unwuchterzeuger herbeigeführt werden.Expediently, the two vibration superimpositions can be activated separately from one another, so that they can - depending on the operating conditions - be effective simultaneously or in succession if necessary. If, for example, the vibrating movements of the pliers jaws do not yet make any progress, this can possibly be brought about by switching on or switching on the striking mechanism or unbalance generator.

Das mit der Erfindung vorgeschlagene Verfahren kann auch von Hand ausgeführt werden. Vorzugsweise wird dabei eine Kenngröße, welche ein Maß für die Beanspruchung der Abbruchzange während des Abbruchvorgangs darstellt, ermittelt und angezeigt. Aufgrund dieser Anzeige kann eine Bedienungsperson die Vibrationsüberlagerung einleiten und, falls diese nicht zu dem gewünschten Arbeitsfortschritt führt, nach einer geeignet erscheinenden Zeitspanne abschalten.The method proposed by the invention can also be carried out by hand. A characteristic variable, which represents a measure of the stress on the demolition grapple during the demolition process, is preferably determined and displayed. On the basis of this display, an operator can initiate the vibration superimposition and, if this does not lead to the desired work progress, switch it off after a period that appears to be suitable.

Der mit der Erfindung erzielte vorteil ist darin zu sehen, daß sich bei verbesserter Zerkleinerungswirkung/Abbruchwirkung die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Abbruchwerkzeugs erhöhen läßt.The advantage achieved with the invention can be seen in the fact that the economy of the demolition tool can be increased with an improved size reduction / demolition effect.

Die mit der Erfindung angestrebte Wirkung kann dabei auch unter Verwendung andersartig ausgestalteter Bauelemente für die Erzeugung der Vibrationsbewegungen (Antriebseinheit, Impulsgenerator, Schlagwerk, Unwuchterzeuger) herbeigeführt werden.The effect sought with the invention can also be different when used designed components for the generation of the vibration movements (drive unit, pulse generator, impact mechanism, unbalance generator) can be brought about.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for improving and/or assisting the crushing capacity of demolition apparatus in the form of demolition claws (1) or shears with at least one tool blade (5, 6), which acts on the material to be crushed, may be moved relative to a support body (7) by means of a drive unit (15, 16) and which, together with a second tool blade, forms the variable mouth (17) of the demolition apparatus (1), wherein vibrational movements are superposed at least temporarily on the closing force acting on the tool blades (5, 6), said vibrational movements being triggered at least at one of the tool blades (5, 6) only when the closing force acting between the tool blades has increased to a predetermined, adjustable minimum value.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the vibrational movements are respectively interrupted after a predetermined, adjustable time span has passed.
  3. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the generation of vibrational movements is prevented when the tool blades (5, 6) have approached a predetermined end position in the course of the closing movement.
  4. Demolition apparatus in the form of demolition claws (1) or shears for implementing the method according to at least one of the preceding claims, with at least one driven tool blade (5, 6) acting on the material to be crushed which is movably held on a support body (7) and, together with a second tool blade, forms the variable mouth (17) of the demolition apparatus (1), with a vibration generator (33), which during operation of the drive unit (15, 16) may be switched on for the at least one movable tool blade and by means of which vibrational movements acting on the material to be crushed (3) may be triggered at the mouth (17), and with a switching unit (27), through the operation of which the vibrational movements of the drive unit (15, 16) may be triggered for at least one tool blade (5 or 6) on this only after a characteristic value representing a dimension for the load application during the demolition process has increased to a predetermined, adjustable minimum value.
  5. Demolition apparatus according to Claim 4, characterised in that the longest possible duration of the vibrational movements is adjustable by means of a time function element (28, 41) which enables the vibration generator (33) to be active when the characteristic value increases to the minimum value.
  6. Demolition apparatus according to Claims 4 to 5, characterised in that a sequence valve (27) controlled by the operational pressure of the drive unit (15, 16) is provided and has a time function element (28, 41), by means of which the vibration generator (33) may be switched on; and that its energy supply may also be interrupted independently of the position of the sequence valve (27) via the time function element (28, 41).
  7. Demolition apparatus according to at least one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that at least one driven tool blade (6) has a limit switch (19) allocated to it, by means of which the vibration generator (33) is switched off when the tool blade approaches a predetermined end position during the closing movement.
  8. Demolition apparatus according to at least one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the vibrational movements are also triggered by means of at least one percussion device (43) supported on a tool blade (5 or 6).
  9. Demolition apparatus according to at least one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the vibrational movements are also triggered by means of at least one imbalance generator (47) supported on a tool blade (5 or 6).
EP91118862A 1990-11-17 1991-11-06 Method for assisting the crushing capacity of demolition apparatus and apparatus used in such method Expired - Lifetime EP0486871B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4036705A DE4036705A1 (en) 1990-11-17 1990-11-17 METHOD FOR ASSISTING THE CRUSHING EFFECT OF DEMOLITION TOOLS AND DEPARTURE TOOL SUITABLE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD
DE4036705 1990-11-17

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EP0486871A1 EP0486871A1 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0486871B1 true EP0486871B1 (en) 1996-01-31

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JP (1) JPH04265361A (en)
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ATE133741T1 (en) 1996-02-15
EP0486871A1 (en) 1992-05-27
JPH04265361A (en) 1992-09-21
US5273217A (en) 1993-12-28
DE4036705A1 (en) 1991-10-31
DE59107341D1 (en) 1996-03-14

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