EP0483322B1 - Smelting plant with two adjacent smelting furnaces - Google Patents

Smelting plant with two adjacent smelting furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0483322B1
EP0483322B1 EP91909420A EP91909420A EP0483322B1 EP 0483322 B1 EP0483322 B1 EP 0483322B1 EP 91909420 A EP91909420 A EP 91909420A EP 91909420 A EP91909420 A EP 91909420A EP 0483322 B1 EP0483322 B1 EP 0483322B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
furnace
vessel
shaft
melting
plant according
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EP91909420A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0483322A1 (en
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Joachim Ehle
Gerhard Fuchs
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Fuchs Technology AG
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Fuchs Technology AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/04—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces of multiple-hearth type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of hearth-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F27B3/183—Charging of arc furnaces vertically through the roof, e.g. in three points
    • F27B3/186—Charging in a vertical chamber adjacent to the melting chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a melting unit according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for operating such a melting unit according to the preamble of patent claim 18.
  • a melting unit of this type has become known, for example, from DE-A1-32 32 139. It contains two melting furnaces arranged side by side, to which melting energy is alternately fed by means of a heating device in the form of arc electrodes. While the melting process is taking place in one melting furnace, the other melting furnace is tapped, recharged and the exhaust gases from the furnace in the melting mode are passed through the other furnace to preheat this batch. In this way, a more even use of the power supply and increased productivity is achieved. Furthermore, the heat content of the furnace exhaust gases produced during the melting and refining process is used to preheat the feed material of the other melting furnace, and the passage of the exhaust gases through the feed material also reduces the amount of dust and thus the load on the downstream dedusting device.
  • the furnace gases are drawn off through the cover and introduced into the adjacent furnace vessel in the lower jacket area.
  • the furnace exhaust gases cannot be used to preheat feed material in the initial phase of the melting process, since in this phase the other melting furnace is tapped, serviced and recharged.
  • a melting unit with an arc furnace which contains a furnace vessel with a shaft-shaped charge preheater arranged laterally thereon, the interior of which is connected to the interior of the arc furnace in a region adjoining its base by a connecting zone. and which has in its upper area a closable loading device for the charge and a gas outlet.
  • a melting unit of this type allows good use of the thermal energy of the furnace exhaust gas as long as the shaft-shaped charge preheater is at least partially filled.
  • the object of the invention is to enable a melting unit of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, a preheating of metal feedstock with the furnace gases of the furnace in the melting mode and a rough dedusting of these furnace gases by feedstock during the initial phase of the melting process in order to to make better use of the heat content of the furnace exhaust gases and to reduce the total amount of dust. This should be possible without having to expose the opening for introducing the furnace gases of the other melting furnace to the effect of melt spraying. Furthermore, a method for operating such a melting unit is to be specified.
  • the melting unit according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations of this unit can be found in claims 2 to 17.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 18. Advantageous refinements of the method can be found in the remaining claims.
  • the melting unit As a result of a shaft which replaces an outer segment of the vessel lid on one side, it can be ensured during the entire switching-on time of the heating device that feed material is preheated during the melting and refining process and that the gases are filtered in the process it by the feed material in the shaft of the furnace in which the melting process is initiated, be it by the feed material in the shaft of the other furnace if the feed column of the shaft has dropped so far in the first furnace that it can no longer take on this task.
  • the gas flow can be controlled accordingly by lockable gas lines.
  • the gas inlet is preferably arranged in the upper jacket region of the vessel, in the vessel lid or in the lower region of the wall of the shaft of the melting furnace. As a result, the gas is supplied at a point that is not exposed to the area affected by melt or slag splashes.
  • the melting unit shown in the figures contains two melting furnaces 1/1 and 1/2 and a heating device 2, by means of which heating energy can optionally be supplied to one of the melting furnaces in order to heat the feed material, such as steel scrap, of the relevant melting furnace, to melt it and to the tapping temperature bring to.
  • Each melting furnace contains a furnace vessel 3/1 or 3/2, which can be closed by a vessel lid 4/1 or 4/2.
  • the heating device 2 is designed as an arc device and contains three arc electrodes 5, which are each carried by a support arm 6. These can be raised and lowered by means of an electrode lifting and swiveling device 7 and, as shown in FIG. 1 by a double arrow 8, can be swiveled laterally. They can be inserted into the first oven vessel 3/1 or into the second oven vessel 3/2 through the electrode passage openings 9/1 or 9/2 provided in the vessel lids 4/1 or 4/2.
  • the position of the electrode lifting and swiveling device 7 is determined in the plan view by the tip of an isosceles triangle, the base of which is the center between each connects three electrode passage openings 9/1 and 9/2.
  • Each melting furnace 1/1 or 1/2 has an outer segment of the vessel lid on one side, in the present case on the side facing away from the neighboring vessel, through a shaft fastened in a holding structure 11/1 or 11/2 12/1 or 12/2 replaced, which has a closable loading opening 13/1 or 13/2 for the feed material and a gas outlet 14/1 or 14/2 in its upper region.
  • Each of the shafts 12/1 or 12/2 is almost rectangular in plan view, with an interior 15/1 or 15/2 that widens downwards. This can be closed by means of a manhole cover 16/1 or 16/2, which has the cross section shown in FIG.
  • 3 in the form of an inverted U, and is horizontally displaceable on rails 17/1 or 17/2. 3 shows the shaft 12/1 in the closed state and the shaft 12/2 in the open state, in which feed material can be charged into the shaft by means of a charge container 18.
  • the furnace vessels 3/1 and 3/2 are each formed in the plan view as an oval delimited on one side by a straight line (see the left furnace vessel in FIG. 1), the lower opening of the shaft in the through the straight wall section and adjacent sections of the oval specific vascular area opens. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, the vessel lid 4/1 or 4/2 is detachably attached to the holding structure 11/1 or 11/2 of the associated shaft 12/1 or 12/2.
  • the furnace vessels are fastened in frames 18/1 and 18/2, which in turn are mounted on lifting devices 19/1 and 19/2.
  • Each of the lifting devices contains four lifting cylinders which act on the corners of the rectangular frame in plan view, the lifting cylinders in each case being rotatably connected to the frames 18/1 and 18/2 on one side via hinge joints 20/1 and 20/2.
  • This enables both a lowering movement of the furnace vessels 3/1 or 3/2 and a tilting movement for parting off the vessels through a tap hole (not shown) present in the base.
  • the tilting process runs perpendicular to the paper plane.
  • pans 21/1 and 21/2 are shown in FIG. 2 for receiving the liquid metal from the furnace vessels.
  • the electrode passage openings of the melting furnaces can be closed by a cover plate 30 (see FIG. 3).
  • a gas line system is provided, which is described below.
  • Each of the gas outlets 14/1 or 14/2 can be shut off by gas lines either via a filter device with an exhaust gas chimney or with a gas inlet 22/2 or 22/1 in the cover 4/2 or 4/1 of the adjacent melting furnace 1 / 2 or 1/1 connectable.
  • the gas line system of the exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the shut-off devices can be designed, for example, as swivel flaps or slides which can be actuated by actuators.
  • the two outer gas line sections are connected via branches to the gas outlets 14/1 and 14/2 of the shafts 12/1 and 12/2, the middle section via branches and elbows 27/1 and 27/2 to the gas inlet 22 / 1 or 22/2 in the vessel lid of the first or second melting furnace. In the latter branches there are further shut-off devices 28/1 and 28/2.
  • the holding structure 11/1 or 11/2 of each shaft can be moved parallel to the connecting line between the center lines of the shafts on rails 29/1 and 29/2.
  • the vessel lid 4/2 is shown in the position moved to the side, in which the furnace vessel for charging the contents of a charge container is released directly into the furnace vessel.
  • the furnace vessel in question must be slightly lowered using the lifting devices 19/1 or 19/2.
  • the elbow 27/2 is firmly connected to the gas inlet 22/2 and is moved together with the holding structure 11/2.
  • the manifolds must therefore be releasably connected to the associated branches of the gas line 23.
  • the electrodes 5 are raised and swiveled away to the side.
  • the furnace vessel is lowered somewhat by means of the lifting device 19/1.
  • the support structure 11/1 is moved to the side on the rails 29/1, i. H. moved from the position shown in Figures 1 and 2 to the right so that the opening of the vessel 3/1 is free for the charging process.
  • the lid with the shaft is moved back into the operating position by means of its holding device and the furnace vessel is raised by means of the lifting device 19/1 until the rim of the vessel closes tightly with the lid.
  • shut-off devices of the gas line 23 are controlled so that the gas outlet 14/1 of the shaft 12/1 is connected to the connecting line 24/1, ie the shut-off devices 26/1 and 28/1 must be closed and the shut-off device 25/1 must be open .
  • the electrodes 5 are brought into the operating position for the melting furnace 1/1 by the electrode lifting and swiveling device 7 and the arcs are ignited have been initiated, the melting process in this furnace.
  • Burners can also be provided as a heating device instead of or in addition to the arc electrodes (not shown).
  • the second furnace vessel 3/2 can be used in the same way as the first one Oven vessel to be charged. After charging this vessel can z. B. burners and with closed shut-off devices 28/2 and 26/2 and open shut-off device 25/2 can already be started with the heating of this batch.
  • the exhaust gases in the first melting furnace 1/1 are sufficiently cooled by the feed in the shaft 12/1. These exhaust gases are fed directly to the filter house, ie the dedusting device, via a fan.
  • the filter house ie the dedusting device
  • the exhaust gas is circulated 1/2 into the vessel of the second melting furnace and through the shaft 12/2 passed through this furnace.
  • the shut-off devices 25/1, 28/1 and 26/2 must be closed and the shut-off devices 26/1, 28/2 and 25/2 must be open.
  • the gas is introduced from the upper end of the shaft of the first melting furnace 1/1 into the second neighboring melting furnace 1/2 through its cover and from there through the shaft 12/2 of this melting furnace and from the upper gas outlet 14 / 2 is pulled into the filter house.
  • the dust particles that are in the gas are deposited in the feed material of the shaft 12/2 of the second melting furnace.
  • the electrodes 5 are raised and swiveled immediately to the second melting furnace 1/2, in order to start the melting process there immediately after the shut-off elements analogous to that for the above Melting furnace 1/2 process have been reversed.
  • the shut-off devices 26/2 and 28/2 must be closed and the shut-off device 25/2 must be open.
  • the first melting furnace 1/1 can now be tapped by actuating the lifting device 19/1 on one side. The tap hole is then checked and filled, and immediately afterwards all of the feed for the next melt is filled into the furnace vessel or into the shaft.
  • Preheating this batch can also be started here with the second heating device, closed shut-off devices 28/1 and 26/1 and open shut-off device 25/1.
  • the shut-off devices 25/2, 28/2 and 26/1 must be closed and the shut-off devices 26/2, 28/1 and 25/1 must be open.
  • a very good exhaust gas utilization and filtering of the exhaust gas is given by the fact that the furnace gases are first passed through the shaft of the own melting furnace, while the other melting furnace is tapped and charged, and that when the exhaust gas temperature of the first shaft has risen sufficiently or the scrap column here due to the melting process, it sank almost to the level of the vessel lid the furnace gases are led into the other vessel and there through the filled scrap chute.
  • the diversion can be done in a simple manner by controlling the shut-off devices.
  • the electrodes are swiveled to the other melting furnace immediately after the feed material has been melted in one melting furnace and brought to the tapping temperature and the melting process is started here, it is possible, for example, if the heating device is switched on for 32 minutes per melting furnace plus 2 minutes for the Sampling and 1 minute for swiveling the electrodes achieve a tap-to-tap time of about 35 minutes with the described melting unit.
  • the tapping of the furnace vessel, the subsequent filling of the tap hole and the charging processes take a total of about 15 minutes, so that a further 20 minutes remain for preheating the feed material in the other melting furnace. This period of time is sufficient for a good use of the exhaust gas. Of particular importance here is the reduction in the total amount of dust generated by filtering the furnace gases as they pass through the feedstock. The dust is deposited in the feed material and largely melted down and removed with the slag.
  • the gas lines which each lead from the gas outlet of the shaft of one melting furnace to the gas inlet in the cover of the other melting furnace have branches to the dedusting device.
  • a second gas outlet can also be provided in the upper region of each shaft, which is connected to the dedusting device by a gas line which can be shut off. It is also not necessary that the gas inlet is provided in the lid. It can also be arranged in the lower area of the shaft or in the upper jacket area of the furnace vessel of the melting furnace 1/1 or 1/2.
  • the separation from the upper vessel edge required for a transverse displacement of the vessel lid is brought about by lowering by means of the lifting device of the furnace vessel, which at the same time enables the vessel to tilt for tapping.
  • the required separation from the edge of the vessel can also be brought about by lifting the holding structure in which the vessel lid is detachably fastened.
  • a charge column is formed by charging the second and third scrap basket into the upper shaft opening, which column is supported on the bottom of the vessel and fills the shaft.
  • material is melted from the lower area of the feed column so that its height is continuously reduced.
  • a movable locking member in the lower area of the shaft that replaces part of the vessel lid, which can be moved from a closed position in which it forms a support for feed material into a release position for charging feed material into the furnace vessel. This makes it possible, at the beginning of the melting process, to hold back the feed column in the shaft of the furnace in question without reducing its height until it is released into the furnace vessel by the movable locking member, and thus to increase the possible variations in the process sequence.
  • arc electrodes fed from an energy source suitable as a heating device but also Burners, an inductive heating device etc. If, as in the case described, arc electrodes are used, which are introduced through electrode feedthroughs in the lid, then the furnace gases which are produced during the melting operation of the other melting furnace and which close the electrode passage openings must be passed through in the vessel it through individual lids for each electrode bushing, be it through a common lid for all electrode bushings.

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Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP91/00916 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 16, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 16, 1992 PCT Filed May 16, 1991 PCT Pub. No. WO91/18120 PCT Pub. Date Nov. 28, 1991.In a smelting plant including two melting furnaces which are arranged in juxtaposed relationship and which are operated alternately, wherein the furnace gases which are produced in the melting process are respectively introduced into the other melting furnace for the purposes of preheating the charging material, associated with each melting furnace is a shaft which is loaded with charging material, and the waste gases from the furnace which is in the melting mode of operation are introduced from the shaft, after charging of the other furnace, through the cover of the other furnace, and are removed from the shaft thereof. That procedure, throughout the entire smelting operation, permits preheating of charging material and filtration of the furnace gases when they are passed through the charging material.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Einschmelzaggregat nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Einschmelzaggregates nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 18.The invention relates to a melting unit according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for operating such a melting unit according to the preamble of patent claim 18.

Ein Einschmelzaggregat dieser Art ist beispielsweise durch die DE-A1-32 32 139 bekannt geworden. Es enthält zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Schmelzöfen, denen mittels einer Heizeinrichtung in Form von Lichtbogenelektroden abwechselnd Schmelzenergie zugeführt wird. Während in dem einen Schmelzofen der Schmelzvorgang abläuft, wird der andere Schmelzofen abgestochen, erneut chargiert und es werden zum Vorheizen dieser Charge die Abgase des im Schmelzbetrieb befindlichen Ofens durch den anderen Ofen geleitet. Auf diese Weise wird eine gleichmäßigere Ausnutzung der Stromversorgung und eine erhöhte Produktivität erreicht. Ferner wird der Wärmeinhalt der beim Schmelz- und Feinungsprozeß entstehenden Ofenabgase zur Vorwärmung des Einsatzmaterials des jeweils anderen Schmelzofens ausgenutzt und durch das Hindurchleiten der Abgase durch das Einsatzmaterial auch der Staubanfall und damit die Belastung der nachgeschalteten Entstaubungseinrichtung vermindert.A melting unit of this type has become known, for example, from DE-A1-32 32 139. It contains two melting furnaces arranged side by side, to which melting energy is alternately fed by means of a heating device in the form of arc electrodes. While the melting process is taking place in one melting furnace, the other melting furnace is tapped, recharged and the exhaust gases from the furnace in the melting mode are passed through the other furnace to preheat this batch. In this way, a more even use of the power supply and increased productivity is achieved. Furthermore, the heat content of the furnace exhaust gases produced during the melting and refining process is used to preheat the feed material of the other melting furnace, and the passage of the exhaust gases through the feed material also reduces the amount of dust and thus the load on the downstream dedusting device.

Um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Durchgasung des vorzuheizenden Materials zu erreichen und gleichzeitig ein Zusetzen der Gasleitung durch Chargenpartikel oder Schmelzenspritzer zu vermeiden, werden die Ofengase durch den Deckel abgezogen und im unteren Mantelbereich in das benachbarte Ofengefäß eingeleitet.In order to achieve the most uniform possible gas flow through the material to be preheated and at the same time to avoid clogging of the gas line by batch particles or melt splashes, the furnace gases are drawn off through the cover and introduced into the adjacent furnace vessel in the lower jacket area.

Bei dem bekannten Einschmelzaggregat können die Ofenabgase in der Anfangsphase des Schmelzprozesses nicht zum Vorwärmen von Einsatzmaterial genutzt werden, da in dieser Phase der andere Schmelzofen abgestochen, gewartet und neu chargiert wird.In the known melting unit, the furnace exhaust gases cannot be used to preheat feed material in the initial phase of the melting process, since in this phase the other melting furnace is tapped, serviced and recharged.

Außerdem bedingt das Einleiten der Gase im unteren Bereich der Gefäßwand Probleme, weil die hierfür notwendige Öffnung der Einwirkung von Schmelzenspritzern ausgesetzt ist.In addition, the introduction of the gases in the lower region of the vessel wall causes problems because the opening required for this is exposed to the effects of melt splashes.

Durch das DE-Gbm 84 12 739 ist ein Einschmelzaggregat mit einem Lichtbogenofen bekannt geworden, der ein Ofengefäß mit einem seitlich an diesem angeordneten schachtförmigen Chargiergutvorwärmer enthält, dessen Innenraum in einem an seinem Boden angrenzenden Bereich durch eine Verbindungszone mit dem Innenraum des Lichtbogenofens verbunden ist, und der in seinem oberen Bereich eine verschließbare Beschickungseinrichtung für Chargiergut und einen Gasauslaß aufweist. Ein Einschmelzaggregat dieser Art erlaubt so lange eine gute Ausnutzung der Wärmeenergie der Ofenabgase, so lange der schachtförmige Chargiergutvorwärmer wenigstens noch teilweise gefüllt ist. Am Ende der Einschmelzphase und während der Feinungsphase, wenn der schachtförmige Chargergutvorwärmer geleert ist, entfällt dieser Vorteil, wenn nicht durch besondere Maßnahmen gewährleistet ist, daß auch in diesem Betriebszustand Einsatzmaterial im schachtförmigen Chargiergutvorwärmer zurückgehalten wird.From DE-Gbm 84 12 739, a melting unit with an arc furnace is known, which contains a furnace vessel with a shaft-shaped charge preheater arranged laterally thereon, the interior of which is connected to the interior of the arc furnace in a region adjoining its base by a connecting zone. and which has in its upper area a closable loading device for the charge and a gas outlet. A melting unit of this type allows good use of the thermal energy of the furnace exhaust gas as long as the shaft-shaped charge preheater is at least partially filled. At the end of the melting phase and during the refining phase, when the manhole-shaped batch preheater is emptied, this advantage is lost unless special measures are taken to ensure that feed material is retained in the shaft-shaped batch preheater even in this operating state.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einem Einschmelzaggregat der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Art, ein Vorheizen von metallischem Einsatzmaterial mit den Ofengasen des im Schmelzbetrieb befindlichen Ofens und eine Grobentstaubung dieser Ofengase durch Einsatzmaterial auch während der Anfangsphase des Schmelzprozesses zu ermöglichen, um eine bessere Nutzung des Wärmeinhalts der Ofenabgase und eine Verminderung des gesamten Staubanfalls zu erzielen. Dies soll möglich sein, ohne die Öffnung zum Einleiten der Ofengase des anderen Schmelzofens der Einwirkung von Schmelzenspritzen aussetzen zu müssen. Ferner soll ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Einschmelzaggregates angegeben werden.The object of the invention is to enable a melting unit of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, a preheating of metal feedstock with the furnace gases of the furnace in the melting mode and a rough dedusting of these furnace gases by feedstock during the initial phase of the melting process in order to to make better use of the heat content of the furnace exhaust gases and to reduce the total amount of dust. This should be possible without having to expose the opening for introducing the furnace gases of the other melting furnace to the effect of melt spraying. Furthermore, a method for operating such a melting unit is to be specified.

Das erfindungsgemäße Einschmelzaggregat ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gekennzeichnet. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen dieses Aggregates sind den Ansprüchen 2 bis 17 zu entnehmen. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 18 gekennzeichnet. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind den restlichen Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.The melting unit according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1. Advantageous configurations of this unit can be found in claims 2 to 17. The method according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 18. Advantageous refinements of the method can be found in the remaining claims.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Einschmelzaggregat kann infolge eines Schachtes, welcher an einer Seite ein äußeres Segment des Gefäßdeckels ersetzt, während der gesamten Einschaltzeit der Heizeinrichtung gewährleistet werden, daß mit den beim Einschmelz- und Feinungsprozeß entstehenden heißen Ofengasen Einsatzmaterial vorgewärmt und die Gase hierbei gefiltert werden, sei es durch das Einsatzmaterial im Schacht des Ofens, in dem der Einschmelzvorgang eingeleitet wird, sei es durch das Einsatzmaterial im Schacht des anderen Ofens, wenn im ersten Ofen die Einsatzmaterialsäule des Schachtes so weit abgesunken ist, daß sie diese Aufgabe nicht mehr übernehmen kann. Die Gasführung ist hierbei durch absperrbare Gasleitungen entsprechend steuerbar. Vorzugsweise ist der Gaseinlaß im oberen Mantelbereich des Gefäßes, im Gefäßdeckel oder im unteren Bereich der Wand des Schachtes des Schmelzofens angeordnet. Dadurch erfolgt die Gaszuführung an einer Stelle, die nicht dem Einwirkungsbereich von Schmelzen- oder Schlackespritzern ausgesetzt ist.In the melting unit according to the invention, as a result of a shaft which replaces an outer segment of the vessel lid on one side, it can be ensured during the entire switching-on time of the heating device that feed material is preheated during the melting and refining process and that the gases are filtered in the process it by the feed material in the shaft of the furnace in which the melting process is initiated, be it by the feed material in the shaft of the other furnace if the feed column of the shaft has dropped so far in the first furnace that it can no longer take on this task. The gas flow can be controlled accordingly by lockable gas lines. The gas inlet is preferably arranged in the upper jacket region of the vessel, in the vessel lid or in the lower region of the wall of the shaft of the melting furnace. As a result, the gas is supplied at a point that is not exposed to the area affected by melt or slag splashes.

Die Erfindung wird durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel anhand von drei Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht eines Einschmelzaggregates gemäß dieser Erfindung mit von dem linken Ofengefäß entferntem Gefäßdeckel;
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht dieses Einschmelzaggregates und
Fig. 3
ausschnittsweise den Schnitt III-III von Fig. 1 mit in die Verschlußposition zurückgefahrenem Gefäßdekkel des linken Ofengefäßes.
The invention is explained in more detail by an embodiment with reference to three figures. Each shows in a schematic representation:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a smelting unit according to this invention with the vessel lid removed from the left furnace vessel;
Fig. 2
a side view of this melting unit and
Fig. 3
a section of the section III-III of Fig. 1 with the vessel lid of the left oven vessel moved back into the closed position.

Das in den Figuren dargestellte Einschmelzaggregat enthält zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Schmelzöfen 1/1 und 1/2 und eine Heizeinrichtung 2, durch die wahlweise einem der Schmelzöfen Heizenergie zuführbar ist, um das Einsatzmaterial, wie Stahlschrott, des betreffenden Schmelzofens zu erhitzen, einzuschmelzen und auf Abstichtemperatur zu bringen. Jeder Schmelzofen enthält ein Ofengefäß 3/1 bzw. 3/2, das durch einen Gefäßdeckel 4/1 bzw. 4/2 verschließbar ist.The melting unit shown in the figures contains two melting furnaces 1/1 and 1/2 and a heating device 2, by means of which heating energy can optionally be supplied to one of the melting furnaces in order to heat the feed material, such as steel scrap, of the relevant melting furnace, to melt it and to the tapping temperature bring to. Each melting furnace contains a furnace vessel 3/1 or 3/2, which can be closed by a vessel lid 4/1 or 4/2.

Die Heizeinrichtung 2 ist als Lichtbogeneinrichtung ausgebildet und enthält drei Lichtbogenelektroden 5, die jeweils von einem Tragarm 6 getragen werden. Diese sind mittels einer Elektrodenhub- und schwenkvorrichtung 7 anhebbar und absenkbar und, wie in Fig. 1 durch einen Doppelpfeil 8 dargestellt, seitlich verschwenkbar. Sie lassen sich durch in den Gefäßdeckeln 4/1 bzw. 4/2 vorhandene Elektrodendurchtrittsöffnungen 9/1 bzw. 9/2 wahlweise in das erste Ofengefäß 3/1 oder in das zweite Ofengefäß 3/2 einfahren. Die Lage der Elektrodenhub- und schwenkvorrichtung 7 ist in der Draufsicht durch die Spitze eines gleichschenkligen Dreiecks bestimmt, dessen Basis die Zentren zwischen den jeweils drei Elektrodendurchtrittsöffnungen 9/1 bzw. 9/2 verbindet. Die Elektroden sind in üblicher Weise mit den drei Phasen eines Transformators 10 verbunden, der mit den Elektroden einen Lichtbogenbetrieb zum Einbringen der für den Schmelzprozeß erforderlichen Hitze erlaubt. Bei jedem Schmelzofen 1/1 bzw. 1/2 ist an einer Seite, und zwar im vorliegenden Fall jeweils an der zum benachbarten Gefaß abgewandten Seite, ein äußeres Segment des Gefäßdeckels durch einen in einer Haltekonstruktion 11/1 bzw. 11/2 befestigten Schacht 12/1 bzw. 12/2 ersetzt, der in seinem oberen Bereich eine verschließbare Beschickungsöffnung 13/1 bzw. 13/2 für das Einsatzmaterial und einen Gasauslaß 14/1 bzw. 14/2 aufweist. Jeder der Schächte 12/1 bzw. 12/2 ist in der Draufsicht nahezu rechteckig ausgebildet, mit einem sich nach unten erweiternden Innenraum 15/1 bzw. 15/2. Dieser ist mittels eines Schachtdeckels 16/1 bzw. 16/2 verschließbar, der den in Fig. 3 dargestellten Querschnitt in Form eines umgekehrten U aufweist, und auf Schienen 17/1 bzw. 17/2 horizontal verschiebbar ist. In Fig. 3 ist der Schacht 12/1 im verschlossenen Zustand und der Schacht 12/2 im geöffneten Zustand dargestellt, in dem Einsatzmaterial mittels eines Chargiergutbehälters 18 in den Schacht chargiert werden kann.The heating device 2 is designed as an arc device and contains three arc electrodes 5, which are each carried by a support arm 6. These can be raised and lowered by means of an electrode lifting and swiveling device 7 and, as shown in FIG. 1 by a double arrow 8, can be swiveled laterally. They can be inserted into the first oven vessel 3/1 or into the second oven vessel 3/2 through the electrode passage openings 9/1 or 9/2 provided in the vessel lids 4/1 or 4/2. The position of the electrode lifting and swiveling device 7 is determined in the plan view by the tip of an isosceles triangle, the base of which is the center between each connects three electrode passage openings 9/1 and 9/2. The electrodes are connected in a conventional manner to the three phases of a transformer 10 which, with the electrodes, permits arc operation to introduce the heat required for the melting process. Each melting furnace 1/1 or 1/2 has an outer segment of the vessel lid on one side, in the present case on the side facing away from the neighboring vessel, through a shaft fastened in a holding structure 11/1 or 11/2 12/1 or 12/2 replaced, which has a closable loading opening 13/1 or 13/2 for the feed material and a gas outlet 14/1 or 14/2 in its upper region. Each of the shafts 12/1 or 12/2 is almost rectangular in plan view, with an interior 15/1 or 15/2 that widens downwards. This can be closed by means of a manhole cover 16/1 or 16/2, which has the cross section shown in FIG. 3 in the form of an inverted U, and is horizontally displaceable on rails 17/1 or 17/2. 3 shows the shaft 12/1 in the closed state and the shaft 12/2 in the open state, in which feed material can be charged into the shaft by means of a charge container 18.

Die Ofengefäße 3/1 bzw. 3/2 sind in der Draufsicht jeweils als ein auf einer Seite durch eine Gerade begrenztes Oval ausgebildet (siehe linkes Ofengefäß in Fig. 1), wobei die untere Öffnung des Schachtes in den durch den geraden Wandabschnitt und die angrenzenden Abschnitte des Ovals bestimmten Gefäßbereich mündet. Ferner ist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Gefäßdeckel 4/1 bzw. 4/2 lösbar an der Haltekonstruktion 11/1 bzw. 11/2 des zugehörigen Schachtes 12/1 bzw. 12/2 befestigt.The furnace vessels 3/1 and 3/2 are each formed in the plan view as an oval delimited on one side by a straight line (see the left furnace vessel in FIG. 1), the lower opening of the shaft in the through the straight wall section and adjacent sections of the oval specific vascular area opens. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, the vessel lid 4/1 or 4/2 is detachably attached to the holding structure 11/1 or 11/2 of the associated shaft 12/1 or 12/2.

Die Ofengefäße sind in Rahmen 18/1 bzw. 18/2 befestigt, die wiederum auf Hubvorrichtungen 19/1 bzw. 19/2 gelagert sind. Jede der Hubvorrichtungen enthält vier an den Ecken der in der Draufsicht rechteckförmigen Rahmen angreifende Hubzylinder, wobei jeweils die Hubzylinder auf einer Seite über Scharniergelenke 20/1 bzw. 20/2 drehbar mit den Rahmen 18/1 bzw. 18/2 verbunden sind. Hierdurch wird sowohl eine Absenkbewegung der Ofengefäße 3/1 bzw. 3/2 als auch eine Kippbewegung zum Abstechen der Gefäße durch ein jeweils im Boden vorhandenes, nicht dargestelltes Abstichloch ermöglicht. Der Kippvorgang verläuft bei der Darstellung nach den Figuren 2 und 3 jeweils senkrecht zur Papierebene. Unterhalb der Ofengefaße sind in Fig. 2 Pfannen 21/1 bzw. 21/2 dargestellt, zur Aufnahme des flüssigen Metalls aus den Ofengefäßen. Die Elektrodendurchtrittsöffnungen der Schmelzöfen sind bei entfernten Elektroden durch eine Abdeckplatte 30 verschlleßbar (siehe Fig. 3).The furnace vessels are fastened in frames 18/1 and 18/2, which in turn are mounted on lifting devices 19/1 and 19/2. Each of the lifting devices contains four lifting cylinders which act on the corners of the rectangular frame in plan view, the lifting cylinders in each case being rotatably connected to the frames 18/1 and 18/2 on one side via hinge joints 20/1 and 20/2. This enables both a lowering movement of the furnace vessels 3/1 or 3/2 and a tilting movement for parting off the vessels through a tap hole (not shown) present in the base. In the illustration according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the tilting process runs perpendicular to the paper plane. Below the furnace vessels, pans 21/1 and 21/2 are shown in FIG. 2 for receiving the liquid metal from the furnace vessels. When the electrodes are removed, the electrode passage openings of the melting furnaces can be closed by a cover plate 30 (see FIG. 3).

Um die beim Schmelzprozeß und beim Überhitzen der Schmelze auf Abstichtemperatur entstehenden heißen Ofengase zum Vorheizen von Einsatzmaterial ausnutzen zu können und gleichzeitig die Belastung der Entstaubungseinrichtung zu reduzieren, ist ein Gasleitungssystem vorgesehen, das im folgenden beschrieben wird.In order to be able to use the hot furnace gases which arise during the melting process and when the melt is overheated to the tapping temperature for preheating feed material and at the same time to reduce the load on the dedusting device, a gas line system is provided, which is described below.

Jeder der Gasauslässe 14/1 bzw. 14/2 ist durch absperrbare Gasleitungen wahlweise entweder über eine Filtereinrichtung mit einem Abgaskamin oder mit einem Gaseinlaß 22/2 bzw. 22/1 im Deckel 4/2 bzw. 4/1 des benachbarten Schmelzofens 1/2 bzw. 1/1 verbindbar. Unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 und 2 wird das Gasleitungssystem des Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.Each of the gas outlets 14/1 or 14/2 can be shut off by gas lines either via a filter device with an exhaust gas chimney or with a gas inlet 22/2 or 22/1 in the cover 4/2 or 4/1 of the adjacent melting furnace 1 / 2 or 1/1 connectable. The gas line system of the exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Eine Gasleitung 23, deren Enden in Verbindungsleitungen 24/1 bzw. 24/2 zur Entstaubungseinrichtung münden, ist durch Absperrorgane 25/1, 26/1, 26/2 und 25/2, in zwei außere und einen mittleren Sasleitungsabschnitt unterteilt. Die Absperrorgane können beispielsweise als durch Stellglieder betätigbare Schwenkklappen oder Schieber ausgebildet sein. Die beiden äußeren Gasleitungsabschnitte sind über Abzweigungen mit den Gasauslässen 14/1 bzw. 14/2 der Schächte 12/1 bzw. 12/2 verbunden, der mittlere Abschnitt über Abzweigungen und Krümmer 27/1 bzw. 27/2 mit dem Gaseinlaß 22/1 bzw. 22/2 im Gefäßdeckel des ersten bzw. zweiten Schmelzofens. In den letztgenannten Abzweigungen sind weitere Absperrorgane 28/1 bzw. 28/2 vorhanden.A gas line 23, the ends of which lead into connecting lines 24/1 and 24/2 to the dedusting device by shut-off devices 25/1, 26/1, 26/2 and 25/2, divided into two outer and a middle section of the Sas line. The shut-off devices can be designed, for example, as swivel flaps or slides which can be actuated by actuators. The two outer gas line sections are connected via branches to the gas outlets 14/1 and 14/2 of the shafts 12/1 and 12/2, the middle section via branches and elbows 27/1 and 27/2 to the gas inlet 22 / 1 or 22/2 in the vessel lid of the first or second melting furnace. In the latter branches there are further shut-off devices 28/1 and 28/2.

Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Haltekonstruktion 11/1 bzw. 11/2 jedes Schachtes einschließlich des von dieser gehaltenen Deckels parallel zur Verbindungslinie zwischen den Mittellinien der Schächte auf Schienen 29/1 bzw. 29/2 verfahrbar. In Fig. 1 ist der Gefäßdeckel 4/2 in der zur Seite gefahrenen Position dargestellt, in der das Ofengefäß zum Chargieren des Inhalts eines Chargiergutbehälters unmittelbar in das Ofengefäß freigegeben ist. Vor dem Verfahren des Deckels mit der Haltevorrichtung muß das betreffende Ofengefäß mittels der Hubvorrichtungen 19/1 bzw. 19/2 geringfügig abgesenkt werden.In the illustrated embodiment, the holding structure 11/1 or 11/2 of each shaft, including the cover held by it, can be moved parallel to the connecting line between the center lines of the shafts on rails 29/1 and 29/2. In Fig. 1, the vessel lid 4/2 is shown in the position moved to the side, in which the furnace vessel for charging the contents of a charge container is released directly into the furnace vessel. Before moving the lid with the holding device, the furnace vessel in question must be slightly lowered using the lifting devices 19/1 or 19/2.

Wie aus den Figuren 1 und 2 ersichtlich ist, ist der Krümmer 27/2 fest mit dem Gaseinlaß 22/2 verbunden und wird zusammen mit der Haltekonstrukion 11/2 verfahren. Das gleiche gilt für den Krümmer 27/1 des anderen Gefäßes. Die Krümmer müssen deshalb mit den zugehörigen Abzweigungen der Gasleitung 23 lösbar verbunden sein. Das gleiche gilt für die Abzweigungen der äußeren Abschnitte der Gasleitung 23 in bezug auf die Gasauslaßöffnungen 14/1 bzw. 14/2 der Schächte 12/1 bzw. 12/2.As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the elbow 27/2 is firmly connected to the gas inlet 22/2 and is moved together with the holding structure 11/2. The same applies to the elbow 27/1 of the other vessel. The manifolds must therefore be releasably connected to the associated branches of the gas line 23. The same applies to the branches of the outer sections of the gas line 23 with respect to the gas outlet openings 14/1 and 14/2 of the shafts 12/1 and 12/2.

Die Zugänglichkeit der oberen Öffnung des Ofengefäßes für ein unmittelbares Chargieren von Einsatzmaterial in dieses Gefäß könnte bei ortsfester Ausbildung der Deckel auch dadurch gewährleistet werden, daß die Ofengefaße senkrecht zur Verbindungslinie zwischen den Mittellinien der Schächte verfahrbar sind. Diese Modifikation ist nicht dargestellt.The accessibility of the upper opening of the furnace vessel for a direct charging of feed material into this vessel could also be ensured with a stationary design of the lid in that the furnace vessels can be moved perpendicular to the connecting line between the center lines of the shafts. This modification is not shown.

Es wird nun ein bevorzugtes Verfahren unter Verwendung des beschriebenen Einschmelzaggregates erläutert.A preferred method using the melting unit described will now be explained.

Zum Chargiervorgang des Schmelzofens 1/1 werden die Elektroden 5 hochgefahren und seitlich weggeschwenkt. Gleichzeitig wird das Ofengefaß mittels der Hubvorrichtung 19/1 etwas abgesenkt. Danach wird die Haltekonstruktion 11/1 auf den Schienen 29/1 zur Seite gefahren, d. h. aus der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Position nach rechts gefahren, so daß die Öffnung des Gefäßes 3/1 für den Chargiervorgang frei wird. Nach dem Chargieren des Inhalts eines ersten Korbes unmittelbar in das Gefäß wird der Deckel mit dem Schacht mittels deren Haltevorrichtung wieder in die Betriebsposition gefahren und das Ofengefäß mittels der Hubvorrichtung 19/1 angehoben, bis der Gefäßrand dicht mit dem Deckel abschließt.For the charging process of the melting furnace 1/1, the electrodes 5 are raised and swiveled away to the side. At the same time, the furnace vessel is lowered somewhat by means of the lifting device 19/1. Then the support structure 11/1 is moved to the side on the rails 29/1, i. H. moved from the position shown in Figures 1 and 2 to the right so that the opening of the vessel 3/1 is free for the charging process. After loading the contents of a first basket directly into the vessel, the lid with the shaft is moved back into the operating position by means of its holding device and the furnace vessel is raised by means of the lifting device 19/1 until the rim of the vessel closes tightly with the lid.

Nunmehr werden bei zur Seite gefahrenem Schachtdeckel 16/1 zwei oder drei weitere Körbe über den Schacht 12/1 chargiert, bis der Schacht gefüllt ist. Das Volumen des Einsatzmaterials entspricht dem einer gesamten Schmelze. Die Absperrorgane der Gasleitung 23 werden so gesteuert, daß der Gasauslaß 14/1 des Schachtes 12/1 mit der Verbindungsleitung 24/1 verbunden ist, d.h. die Absperrorgane 26/1 und 28/1 müssen geschlossen und das Absperrorgan 25/1 muß geöffnet sein. Nachdem die Elektroden 5 durch die Elektrodenhub- und schwenkvorrichtung 7 in die Betriebsposition für den Schmelzofen 1/1 gebracht und die Lichtbögen gezündet worden sind, ist der Einschmelzprozeß in diesem Schmelzofen eingeleitet. Als Heizeinrichtung können anstelle oder neben den Lichtbogenelektroden auch Brenner vorgesehen sein (nicht dargestellt).Now, with the manhole cover 16/1 moved to the side, two or three further baskets are charged over the manhole 12/1 until the manhole is filled. The volume of the feed corresponds to that of an entire melt. The shut-off devices of the gas line 23 are controlled so that the gas outlet 14/1 of the shaft 12/1 is connected to the connecting line 24/1, ie the shut-off devices 26/1 and 28/1 must be closed and the shut-off device 25/1 must be open . After the electrodes 5 are brought into the operating position for the melting furnace 1/1 by the electrode lifting and swiveling device 7 and the arcs are ignited have been initiated, the melting process in this furnace. Burners can also be provided as a heating device instead of or in addition to the arc electrodes (not shown).

Während im Schmelzofen 1/1 die erste Phase des Schmelzprozesses abläuft, und die hierbei entstehenden Ofengase durch den Schacht 12/1 dieses Schmelzofens hindurch und dann zur Entstaubungseinrichtung geleitet werden, kann das zweite Ofengefäß 3/2, in der gleichen Weise wie vorher das erste Ofengefäß, chargiert werden. Nach dem Chargieren dieses Gefäßes kann bei vorhandener zweiter Heizeinrichtung z. B. Brennern und bei geschlossenen Absperrorganen 28/2 und 26/2 und geöffnetem Absperrorgan 25/2 bereits mit dem Erhitzen dieser Charge begonnen werden.While the first phase of the melting process takes place in the melting furnace 1/1 and the resulting furnace gases are passed through the shaft 12/1 of this melting furnace and then to the dedusting device, the second furnace vessel 3/2 can be used in the same way as the first one Oven vessel to be charged. After charging this vessel can z. B. burners and with closed shut-off devices 28/2 and 26/2 and open shut-off device 25/2 can already be started with the heating of this batch.

Solange die Abgase im ersten Schmelzofen 1/1 durch das Einsatzmaterial im Schacht 12/1 genügend abgekühlt werden. werden diese Abgase über einen Ventilator unmittelbar der Filterhaus, d. h. der Entstaubungseinrichtung zugeführt. Wenn die ansteigenden Temperaturen der Abgase aus der Schacht einen ausreichend hohen Wert erreicht haben und der andere Schmelzofen chargiert und dessen Charge gegebenenfalls durch die zweite Heizeinrichtung vorerhitzt ist, dann wird das Abgas in das Gefäß des zweiten Schmelzofens 1/2 um- und durch den Schacht 12/2 dieses Schmelzofens hindurchgeleitet. Zu diesem Zweck müssen die Absperrorgane 25/1, 28/1 und 26/2 geschlossen und die Absperrorgane 26/1, 28/2 und 25/2 geöffnet sein. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß das Gas aus dem oberen Ende des Schachtes des ersten Schmelzofens 1/1 in den zweiten benachbarten Schmelzofen 1/2 durch dessen Deckel eingeleitet und von dort durch den Schacht 12/2 dieses Schmelzofens hindurchgeführt und aus dem oberen Gasauslaß 14/2 in das Filterhaus abgezogen wird. Hierdurch wird während des gesamten Schmelz- und Feinungsprozesses des ersten Schmelzofens 1/1 eine sehr gute Ausnutzung der Energie des Abgases erreicht. Gleichzeitig werden die Staubpartikel, die sich im Gas befinden, im Einsatzmaterial des Schachtes 12/2 des zweiten Schmelzofens niedergeschlagen.As long as the exhaust gases in the first melting furnace 1/1 are sufficiently cooled by the feed in the shaft 12/1. these exhaust gases are fed directly to the filter house, ie the dedusting device, via a fan. When the rising temperatures of the exhaust gases from the shaft have reached a sufficiently high value and the other melting furnace has been charged and its batch has possibly been preheated by the second heating device, then the exhaust gas is circulated 1/2 into the vessel of the second melting furnace and through the shaft 12/2 passed through this furnace. For this purpose the shut-off devices 25/1, 28/1 and 26/2 must be closed and the shut-off devices 26/1, 28/2 and 25/2 must be open. It is thereby achieved that the gas is introduced from the upper end of the shaft of the first melting furnace 1/1 into the second neighboring melting furnace 1/2 through its cover and from there through the shaft 12/2 of this melting furnace and from the upper gas outlet 14 / 2 is pulled into the filter house. As a result, during the entire melting and refining process of the first melting furnace 1/1 achieved a very good utilization of the energy of the exhaust gas. At the same time, the dust particles that are in the gas are deposited in the feed material of the shaft 12/2 of the second melting furnace.

Ist die Schmelze im ersten Schmelzofen 1/1 abstichbereit und der entsprechende Kohlenstoff eingestellt, dann werden die Elektroden 5 hochgefahren und schwenken sofort zum zweiten Schmelzofen 1/2, um dort unmittelbar mit dem Schmelzprozeß zu beginnen, nachdem die Absperrorgane analog zu dem oben für den Schmelzofen 1/2 beschriebenen Prozeß umgesteuert worden sind. Zu Beginn des Schmelzprozesses im zweiten Schmelzofen 1/2 müssen die Absperrorgane 26/2 und 28/2 geschlossen und das Absperrorgan 25/2 geöffnet sein. Der erste Schmelzofen 1/1 kann nun durch einseitiges Betätigen der Hubvorrichtung 19/1 abgestochen werden. Anschließend wird das Abstichloch kontrolliert und verfüllt, und unmittelbar danach das gesamte Einsatzmaterial für die nächste Schmelze in das Ofengefäß bzw. in den Schacht gefüllt. Auch hier kann bei vorhandener zweiter Heizeinrichtung, geschlossenen Absperrorganen 28/1 und 26/1 und geöffnetem Absperrorgan 25/1 mit dem Vorerhitzen dieser Charge begonnen werden. In der zweiten Phase des Schmelzprozesses im Schachtofen 1/2 müssen die Absperrorgane 25/2, 28/2 und 26/1 geschlossen und die Absperrorgane 26/2, 28/1 und 25/1 geöffnet sein.If the melt in the first melting furnace 1/1 is ready for tapping and the corresponding carbon is set, then the electrodes 5 are raised and swiveled immediately to the second melting furnace 1/2, in order to start the melting process there immediately after the shut-off elements analogous to that for the above Melting furnace 1/2 process have been reversed. At the start of the melting process in the second melting furnace 1/2, the shut-off devices 26/2 and 28/2 must be closed and the shut-off device 25/2 must be open. The first melting furnace 1/1 can now be tapped by actuating the lifting device 19/1 on one side. The tap hole is then checked and filled, and immediately afterwards all of the feed for the next melt is filled into the furnace vessel or into the shaft. Preheating this batch can also be started here with the second heating device, closed shut-off devices 28/1 and 26/1 and open shut-off device 25/1. In the second phase of the melting process in shaft 1/2, the shut-off devices 25/2, 28/2 and 26/1 must be closed and the shut-off devices 26/2, 28/1 and 25/1 must be open.

Eine sehr gute Abgasausnutzung und Filterung des Abgases ist dadurch gegeben, daß die Ofengase zunächst durch den Schacht des eigenen Schmelzofens geleitet werden, während der andere Schmelzofen abgestochen und chargiert wird, und daß, wenn die Abgastemperatur des ersten Schachtes ausreichend angestiegen bzw. die Schrottsäule hier aufgrund des Einschmelzprozesses bis nahezu zur Gefäßdeckelhöhe abgesunken ist, die Ofengase in das andere Gefäß und dort durch den gefüllten Schrottschacht geleitet werden. Die Umleitung kann in einfacher Weise durch die Steuerung der Absperrorgane erfolgen.A very good exhaust gas utilization and filtering of the exhaust gas is given by the fact that the furnace gases are first passed through the shaft of the own melting furnace, while the other melting furnace is tapped and charged, and that when the exhaust gas temperature of the first shaft has risen sufficiently or the scrap column here due to the melting process, it sank almost to the level of the vessel lid the furnace gases are led into the other vessel and there through the filled scrap chute. The diversion can be done in a simple manner by controlling the shut-off devices.

Da die Elektroden unmittelbar nachdem das Einsatzmaterial in dem einen Schmelzofen eingeschmolzen und auf Abstichtemperatur gebracht worden ist, zum anderen Schmelzofen geschwenkt werden und hier mit dem Einschmelzprozeß begonnen wird, läßt sich beispielsweise bei einer Einschaltzeit der Heizeinrichtung von 32 Minuten pro Schmelzofen zuzüglich 2 Minuten für die Probenahme und 1 Minute für das Schwenken der Elektroden eine Tap-to-Tap-Zeit von etwa 35 Minuten bei dem beschriebenen Einschmelzaggregat erzielen.Since the electrodes are swiveled to the other melting furnace immediately after the feed material has been melted in one melting furnace and brought to the tapping temperature and the melting process is started here, it is possible, for example, if the heating device is switched on for 32 minutes per melting furnace plus 2 minutes for the Sampling and 1 minute for swiveling the electrodes achieve a tap-to-tap time of about 35 minutes with the described melting unit.

Das Abstechen des Ofengefäßes, das anschließende Verfüllen des Abstichloches und die Chargiervorgänge dauern insgesamt etwa 15 Minuten, so daß für die Vorwärmung des Einsatzmaterials im jeweils anderen Schmelzofen noch weitere 20 Minuten übrig bleiben. Diese Zeitdauer ist für eine gute Nutzung des Abgases ausreichend. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hierbei die Verminderung des gesamten Staubanfalls durch die Filterung der Ofengase beim Hindurchleiten durch das Einsatzmaterial. Der Staub wird im Einsatzmaterial niedergeschlagen und weitestgehend mit der Schlacke eingeschmolzen und abgeführt.The tapping of the furnace vessel, the subsequent filling of the tap hole and the charging processes take a total of about 15 minutes, so that a further 20 minutes remain for preheating the feed material in the other melting furnace. This period of time is sufficient for a good use of the exhaust gas. Of particular importance here is the reduction in the total amount of dust generated by filtering the furnace gases as they pass through the feedstock. The dust is deposited in the feed material and largely melted down and removed with the slag.

Bei dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel weisen die Gasleitungen die jeweils vom Gasauslaß des Schachtes des einen Schmelzofens zum Gaseinlaß im Deckel des anderen Schmelzofens führen, Abzweigungen zur Entstaubungseinrichtung auf. Anstelle dieser Abzweigungen kann auch im oberen Bereich jedes Schachtes ein zweiter Gasauslaß vorgesehen sein, der durch eine absperrbare Gasleitung mit der Entstaubungseinrichtung verbunden ist. Es ist auch nicht erforderlich, daß der Gaseinlaß im Deckel vorgesehen ist. Er kann auch im unteren Bereich des Schachtes oder im oberen Mantelbereich des Ofengefäßes des Schmelzofens 1/1 bzw. 1/2 angeordnet sein.In the exemplary embodiment described, the gas lines which each lead from the gas outlet of the shaft of one melting furnace to the gas inlet in the cover of the other melting furnace have branches to the dedusting device. Instead of these branches, a second gas outlet can also be provided in the upper region of each shaft, which is connected to the dedusting device by a gas line which can be shut off. It is also not necessary that the gas inlet is provided in the lid. It can also be arranged in the lower area of the shaft or in the upper jacket area of the furnace vessel of the melting furnace 1/1 or 1/2.

Bei dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel wird die für eine Querverschiebung des Gefäßdeckels erforderliche Trennung vom oberen Gefäßrand durch Absenken mittels der Hubvorrichtung des Ofengefäßes bewirkt, die gleichzeitig ein Kippen des Gefäßes zum Abstechen ermöglicht. Die erforderliche Trennung vom Gefäßrand kann aber auch durch ein Anheben der Haltekonstruktion in der der Gefäßdeckel lösbar befestigt ist, bewirkt werden.In the exemplary embodiment described, the separation from the upper vessel edge required for a transverse displacement of the vessel lid is brought about by lowering by means of the lifting device of the furnace vessel, which at the same time enables the vessel to tilt for tapping. The required separation from the edge of the vessel can also be brought about by lifting the holding structure in which the vessel lid is detachably fastened.

Bei dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel wird durch Chargieren des zweiten und dritten Schrottkorbs in die obere Schachtöffnung eine Einsatzmaterialsaule gebildet, die sich am Boden des Gefäßes abstützt und den Schacht füllt. Beim Einschmelzvorgang wird Material vom unteren Bereich der Einsatzmaterialsäule abgeschmolzen, so daß, sich deren Höhe laufend verringert. Eine weitere Variationsmöglichkeit besteht darin, im unteren Bereich des Schachtes der einen Teil des Gefäßdeckels ersetzt, ein bewegliches Sperrglied anzuordnen, das aus einer Schließstellung in der es eine Auflage für Einsatzmaterial bildet, in eine Freigabestellung zum Chargieren von Einsatzmaterial in das Ofengefäß bewegbar ist. Hierdurch wird ermöglicht, zu Beginn des Einschmelzprozesses im Schacht des betreffenden Ofens die Einsatzmaterialsäule ohne Verringerung ihrer Höhe zurückzuhalten, bis die Freigabe in das Ofengefäß durch das bewegliche Sperrglied erfolgt, und damit die Variationsmöglichkeiten im Verfahrensablauf zu vergrößern.In the exemplary embodiment described, a charge column is formed by charging the second and third scrap basket into the upper shaft opening, which column is supported on the bottom of the vessel and fills the shaft. During the melting process, material is melted from the lower area of the feed column so that its height is continuously reduced. Another possible variation is to arrange a movable locking member in the lower area of the shaft that replaces part of the vessel lid, which can be moved from a closed position in which it forms a support for feed material into a release position for charging feed material into the furnace vessel. This makes it possible, at the beginning of the melting process, to hold back the feed column in the shaft of the furnace in question without reducing its height until it is released into the furnace vessel by the movable locking member, and thus to increase the possible variations in the process sequence.

Als Heizeinrichtung eignen sich nicht nur aus einer Energiequelle gespeiste Lichtbogenelektroden, sondern auch Brenner, eine induktive Heizeinrichtung etc. Werden, wie im beschriebenen Fall, Lichtbogenelektroden benutzt, die durch Elektrodendurchführungen im Deckel eingeführt werden, dann müssen jeweils in dem Gefäß durch das die beim Schmelzbetrieb des anderen Schmelzofens entstehenden Ofengase hindurchgeleitet werden, die Elektrodendurchtrittsöffnungen verschlossen werden, sei es durch individuelle Deckel für jede Elektrodendurchführung, sei es durch einen gemeinsamen Deckel für sämtliche Elektrodendurchführungen.Not only are arc electrodes fed from an energy source suitable as a heating device, but also Burners, an inductive heating device etc. If, as in the case described, arc electrodes are used, which are introduced through electrode feedthroughs in the lid, then the furnace gases which are produced during the melting operation of the other melting furnace and which close the electrode passage openings must be passed through in the vessel it through individual lids for each electrode bushing, be it through a common lid for all electrode bushings.

Claims (21)

  1. A smelting plant comprising a heating apparatus (2) for the supply of melting energy and two melting furnaces (1/1; 1/2) arranged in juxtaposed relationship and each comprising a furnace vessel (3/1; 3/2) which can be closed by a vessel cover (4/1; 4/2), wherein each melting furnace has two gas passage openings (22/1; 22/2 and 14/1: 14/2), and gas conduits (23; 24/1; 24/2) which can be shut off and which respectively communicate a gas passage opening (22/1; 22/2) of the one melting furnace (1/1, 1/2) with a gas passage opening (14/2, 14/1) of the other melting furnace (1/2, 1/1) respectively so that, for the purposes of preheating metallic charging material, the furnace gases produced in the melting process in the one melting furnace (1/1, 1/2) can be passed into the respective other melting furnace (1/2, 1/1), characterised in that in each melting furnace, at one side, an outer segment of the vessel cover (4/1; 4/2) is replaced by a shaft (12/1; 12/2) which is fixed in a holding structure (11/1; 11/2) and which in its upper region has a closable loading opening (13/1; 13/2) for the charging material and a gas passage opening (14/1; 14/2) of the respective melting furnace.
  2. A smelting plant according to claim 1 characterised in that one of the gas passage openings (22/1; 22/2) is disposed in the upper peripheral region of the furnace vessel (3/1; 3/2), in the vessel cover (4/1; 4/2) or in the lower region of the wall of the shaft (12/1; 12/2) of the respective melting furnace (1/1; 1/2).
  3. A smelting plant according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that at least one of the gas conduits has a branch portion which leads to a dust removal apparatus by way of a further gas conduit (24/1; 24/2) which can be shut off.
  4. A smelting plant according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that provided in the upper region of the shaft (12/1: 12/2) of at least one of the two melting furnaces (1/1; 1/2) is a further gas passage opening connected to a dust removal apparatus by a further gas conduit which can be shut off.
  5. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the shaft (12/1; 12/2) is disposed at the side of a melting furnace (1/2; 1/1), which is remote from the adjacent vessel (3/2; 3/1).
  6. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the shaft (12/1; 12/2) is of an almost rectangular configuration in plan view.
  7. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the cross-section of the interior (15/1; 15/2) of the shaft (12/1; 12/2) enlarges in a downward direction.
  8. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that in plan view the furnace vessels (3/1; 3/2) are each in the form of an oval which is delineated on one side by a straight line, and the lower opening of the shaft (12/1; 12/2) opens into the region of the vessel which is defined by the straight wall portion and the adjacent portions of the oval.
  9. A smelting plant according to claim 8 characterised in that the straight line defines the oval over between three quarters and nine tenths of its length.
  10. A smelting plant according to any one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that the vessel cover (4/1; 4/2) is releasably secured to the holding structure (11/1; 11/2).
  11. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 10 characterised in that the holding structure (11/1; 11/2) can be lifted relative to the furnace vessel (3/1; 3/2) by a lifting means.
  12. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterised in that the furnace vessel (3/1; 3/2) can be lowered relative to the holding structure (11/1; 11/2).
  13. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterised in that the holding structure (11/1; 11/2) and the furnace vessel (3/1; 3/2) are horizontally movable relative to each other.
  14. A smelting plant according to claim 13 characterised in that the holding structure (11/1; 11/2) is displaceable parallel to the connecting line between the centre lines of the shafts (12/1; 12/2).
  15. A smelting plant according to claim 13 characterised in that the furnace vessels (3/1; 3/2) are movable perpendicularly to the connecting line between the centre lines of the shafts (12/1; 12/2).
  16. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 15 characterised in that at least one movable blocking member is arranged in the lower region of the shaft (12/1; 12/2) in such a way that it is movable from a closure position in which it forms a support for charging material, into a release or open position for the operation of charging charging material into the furnace vessel and in which it opens the way for charging material to pass through the shaft.
  17. A smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 16 characterised in that the vessel covers (4/1; 4/2) of the two melting furnaces (1/1; 1/2) each have at least one closable electrode opening (9/1; 9/2) and arranged beside the furnace vessels (1/1; 1/2) is an electrode lifting and pivoting apparatus (7) by which one or more arc electrodes (5) can be selectively introduced into one of the melting furnaces (1/1; 1/2).
  18. A method of preheating and smelting metallic charging material by means of a heating apparatus in a smelting plant according to one of claims 1 to 17 characterised by the following steps:
    a) charging charging material into the first vessel and the first shaft associated with said vessel, until said first shaft is at least partially filled,
    b) heating the charging material in the first vessel by the heating apparatus and discharging the furnace gases out of the first shaft into a waste gas chimney;
    c) repeating step 1 in the second melting furnace;
    d) diverting the furnace gases from the first vessel, which are discharged from the first shaft, into the second vessel and through the second shaft to the waste gas chimney;
    e) after smelting of the charging material and metallurgical treatment of the molten material in the first vessel, heating of the charging material in the second vessel by the heating apparatus and tapping and maintenance of the first vessel; and
    f) repeating steps a) to e).
  19. A method according to claim 18 characterised in that, in the operation of charging the charging material, a part is introduced directly into the vessel, with the vessel cover removed, and the remainder is introduced into the shaft associated with the vessel.
  20. A method according to claim 18 or claim 19 characterised in that the operation of heating the charging material is effected by at least one arc and/or at least one burner.
  21. A method according to one of claims 18 to 20 in conjunction with a smelting plant according to claim 16 characterised in that the charging material is retained in the shaft of the melting furnace in which the melting procedure is just taking place, until the furnace gases of said melting furnace are diverted into the other melting furnace.
EP91909420A 1990-05-17 1991-05-16 Smelting plant with two adjacent smelting furnaces Revoked EP0483322B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4015916A DE4015916A1 (en) 1990-05-17 1990-05-17 MELTING UNIT WITH TWO MELTING OVENS arranged next to each other
DE4015916 1990-05-17
PCT/EP1991/000916 WO1991018120A1 (en) 1990-05-17 1991-05-16 Smelting plant with two adjacent smelting furnaces

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EP0483322A1 EP0483322A1 (en) 1992-05-06
EP0483322B1 true EP0483322B1 (en) 1994-08-10

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EP (1) EP0483322B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0820180B2 (en)
KR (1) KR920703850A (en)
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AT (1) ATE109837T1 (en)
AU (1) AU634889B2 (en)
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DE (2) DE4015916A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0483322T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2072612T3 (en)
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AU7863991A (en) 1991-12-10
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CN1041557C (en) 1999-01-06
CN1056567A (en) 1991-11-27
PT97697A (en) 1993-06-30
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JPH05500263A (en) 1993-01-21
FI95814C (en) 1996-03-25
DE4015916A1 (en) 1991-11-21
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AU634889B2 (en) 1993-03-04
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HU9200145D0 (en) 1992-04-28
WO1991018120A1 (en) 1991-11-28

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