EP0480875B1 - Lubricating composition - Google Patents

Lubricating composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0480875B1
EP0480875B1 EP91810770A EP91810770A EP0480875B1 EP 0480875 B1 EP0480875 B1 EP 0480875B1 EP 91810770 A EP91810770 A EP 91810770A EP 91810770 A EP91810770 A EP 91810770A EP 0480875 B1 EP0480875 B1 EP 0480875B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tert
c12alkyl
compound
c18alkyl
octyldiphenylamine
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EP91810770A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0480875A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dr. Schumacher
Horst Dr. Zinke
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BASF Schweiz AG
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Ciba Geigy AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10Thio derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/38Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M133/40Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/32Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
    • C10M135/36Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/06Metal salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/22Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/221Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106Thiadiazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/108Phenothiazine
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041Triaryl phosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045Metal containing thio derivatives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new compositions containing a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid and as antioxidants at least one copper salt in combination with at least one other specific antioxidant, the use of this copper salt / antioxidant combination and a method for stabilizing lubricants or hydraulic fluids against oxidative or thermal degradation.
  • thermo-oxidative requirement profile of modern engine oils has changed as a result of new engine designs in the field of internal combustion engines with internal or external ignition.
  • engines with spark ignition with today's engine design and mode of operation, nitrogen oxides are increasingly formed, which in turn enter the crankcase as blow-by gases.
  • the lubricating oil in the upper piston ring and cylinder area takes over the fine sealing to the combustion chamber. This can lead to contamination with high-boiling fuel components. These conditions are exacerbated by the presence of NO x .
  • Copper compounds are known as antioxidants in lubricants.
  • US Pat. No. 3,351,647 describes phosphorus and nitrogen-containing complexes of metals, among others also of copper, with antioxidative activity in lubricants. These complexes show a synergistic effect with phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine.
  • US-A 3,634,238 a combination of metals or metal carboxylic acid salts, including copper, with aromatic amines with a synergistic, antioxidative effect in organic material, in particular lubricants, is known.
  • EP-A 24 146 describes a combination of dispersant, viscosity index improver, zinc dithiophosphate and copper compounds as an antioxidant system in lubricants.
  • US-A 4,828,733 describes copper salts of hindered phenol carboxylic acids as antioxidants in lubricants and mentions a synergistic effect when used with other antioxidants such as e.g. phenolic or arylamine antioxidants.
  • Cu salts of dithiophosphoric acids are described in US-A 2,552,570 and EP-A 322,235 as antioxidants for lubricating oils, also in combination with other additives such as e.g. other antioxidants. From US-A 4,582,920 and EP-A 318,218 processes for the production of Cu salts or Zn / Cu salts of dithiophosphoric acids are known which show antioxidative activity in lubricating oils.
  • R1, R2 and R16 C1-C24-alkyl it is straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl , 2-methylpropyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl. Residues with 3 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred, residues with 3 to 8 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
  • R3, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 represent C1-C18-alkyl
  • the alkyl group can be straight-chain or branched and can mean, for example: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- Butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, 3-heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylbut 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylhe
  • R5 or R8 'as C1-C12-alkyl can be linear or branched alkyl and can be, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl or dodecyl .
  • Alkyl radicals can be present as straight-chain or branched radicals, in particular the branched-chain radicals can be present as mixtures of their isomers.
  • R16 represents C2-C12 alkyl which is interrupted by -O-, -S- or -C (O) O-
  • the hetero atom or the C (O) O group can be in any possible position, and the C2-C12 alkyl radical can be interrupted one or more times, the interruption can take place both through the same or different heteroatoms and through C (O) O groups. An interruption is preferred.
  • R1, R2, R3, R4 and R16 represent phenyl substituted by C1-C12-alkyl or C7-C18-alkylphenyl
  • the phenyl radical can be substituted one or more times, but preferably once or twice;
  • C1-C12-alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, straight-chain or branched nonyl or dodecyl.
  • Monosubstituted phenyl is preferred, the alkyl radical expediently having 3-12 C atoms and preferably 8-12 C atoms. Nonylphenyl is particularly useful.
  • R1, R2, R3 and R16 C5-C12-cycloalkyl are, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl or cyclododecyl, preferably cyclohexyl.
  • R1, R2 and R16 by C1-C4-alkyl substituted C5-C12-cycloalkyl, it can be a single or multiple substitution, but preferably a simple substitution, such as methylcyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl or propylcyclopentyl.
  • R3, R14 and R15 as C7-C9-phenylalkyl can be, for example, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, ⁇ -methylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, but preferably benzyl.
  • R16 C7-C13 aralkyl is, for example, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylisopropyl, 2-phenylhexyl, benzhydryl or naphthylmethyl, but preferably benzyl .
  • R16 C7-C13 aralkyl which is interrupted in the alkyl radical by -O- or -S-, is a typical example of a phenoxyethyl group.
  • R1 and R2 or two radicals R16 together represent a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by at least one C1-C4 alkyl group
  • the dimethylene or trimethylene group expediently carries one, two or three alkyl groups with 1, 2, 3 or 4 C atoms and preferably one or two alkyl groups with 1, 2 or 4 C atoms.
  • Mean R3 and R4 C7-C18 alkoxyphenyl examples are methoxyphenyl and ethoxyphenyl.
  • X4 or is R17H or CH3 and r is 1 or 2.
  • Particularly preferred groups are, for example, -S-CH2-COO ⁇ , -O-CH2-COO ⁇ , -S-CH2-Ch2COO ⁇ , -O-CH2-CH2-COO ⁇ ,
  • M ⁇ represents an alkali metal cation, for example Li ⁇ , Na ⁇ , K ⁇ or Rb # DIS # .
  • Preferred metal cations M ⁇ are Li ⁇ , Na ⁇ and K ⁇ , in particular Na ⁇ .
  • R1 and R2 can be the same or different and are preferably the same.
  • radicals R16 are preferably the same.
  • X1 means sulfur
  • compositions in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are C1-C18-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C12-alkyl, phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by C1-C4-alkyl C5-C6-cycloalkyl, or R1 and R2 together represent a dimethylene - Or trimethylene group or a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by C1-C4-alkyl.
  • compositions are particularly preferred in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are C3-C12-alkyl, phenyl or cyclohexyl substituted by C1-C12-alkyl, or R1 and R2 together are a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by C1-C4-alkyl, represent.
  • Particularly preferred are compositions in which X1 is sulfur and R1 and R2 are the same and are C4-C12-alkyl, phenyl or cyclohexyl substituted by C4-C12-alkyl, especially those in which R1 and R2 are C4-C8-alkyl, nonylphenyl or cyclohexyl represent.
  • a further embodiment relates to compositions in which c) is a compound of the formula II in which R3 is C1-C4-alkyl, C7-C9-phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C10-C18-alkylphenyl or naphthyl, R4 is C10-C18 alkylphenyl or phenyl, R5 is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH2SR6, R6 is C8-C18-alkyl or -CH2COO (C8-C18-alkyl), but especially those in which R3 and R4 are independently phenyl or C10-C18-alkylphenyl and R5 is hydrogen.
  • compositions according to the invention are compounds of the formula V in which R16 C3-C12-alkyl or phenyl substituted by C4-C12-alkyl, a is the number 2 and M ⁇ Li ⁇ Na ⁇ or K ⁇ , in particular in which the two radicals R16 are independently n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-ethylhexyl or dodecyl.
  • compositions in which the compound of the formula V sodium 0.0-dibutyldithiophosphate, sodium 0.0-diisobutyldithiophosphate, sodium 0.0-bis (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate or sodium 0.0-bis ( dodecyl) dithiophosphate.
  • the compounds of the general formula II are also known per se and can be prepared, for example, by alkylating diphenylamine.
  • a preferred process for the preparation of particularly valuable industrial mixtures of alkylated diphenylamines, as described above, is characterized by the reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene, the reaction of diphenylamine with an excess of diisobutylene being carried out in the presence of an active alumina catalyst, the concentration of diisobutylene is kept essentially constant over the reaction period, the reaction temperature is at least 160 ° C., the reaction is carried out until the content of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, based on the reaction mass without catalyst, below 29% by weight, preferably below 25% by weight, and the diphenylamine content below 5% by weight, the catalyst and unreacted diisobutylene are removed and the resulting liquid product is isolated.
  • the process is described in detail in US-A 4,824,601.
  • the compounds of formula III are also known per se; they are manufactured according to known and e.g. methods described in US-A 4,692,258.
  • the compounds of formula IV can be obtained, for example, by reacting diphenylamine with sulfur, e.g. in US-A 2,433,658.
  • compositions according to the invention contain a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid as a further component.
  • a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid as a further component.
  • the products known per se can be used as lubricants.
  • the sought-after properties of the additives according to the invention also have full effect in the hydraulic fluids, even if in this case the absence or lack of ash and phosphorus is not of the importance mentioned above.
  • lubricants and hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils, synthetic oils or mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils, or synthetic lubricants or hydraulic fluids, for example those which are carboxylic acid ester derivatives and are used at temperatures of 200 ° C. and higher.
  • Examples of synthetic lubricants also include lubricants based on a diester of a dihydric acid with a monohydric alcohol, e.g. Dioctyl sebacate or dinonyl adipate, a triester of trimethylolpropane with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acids, e.g. Trimethylolpropane tripelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, a tetraester of pentaerythritol with a monovalent acid or with a mixture of such acids, e.g.
  • Pentaerythritol tetracaprylate or a complex ester of monohydric and dihydric acids with polyhydric alcohols, e.g. a complex ester of trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic acid.
  • mineral oils e.g. Poly- ⁇ -olefins, ester-based lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols, and mixtures thereof with water.
  • the compounds of the formula I are readily soluble in lubricants and hydraulic fluids and are therefore particularly suitable as additives to lubricants and hydraulic fluids, and their surprisingly good antioxidant activity should be pointed out.
  • the compounds of the formulas I, II, III, IV or / and V act in very small amounts as additives in lubricants and hydraulic fluids. They are expediently added to the lubricants and hydraulic fluids in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 3% by weight and very particularly preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight. -%, each based on the lubricant or the hydraulic fluid, added.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to a method for stabilizing lubricants or hydraulic fluids against oxidative or thermal degradation, characterized in that at least one compound of the formula I together with at least one compound of the formulas II, III, IV or / and V admits.
  • the lubricants and hydraulic fluids according to the invention can additionally contain other additives which are added in order to further improve the basic properties of lubricants and hydraulic fluids; these include: other antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, detergents, other high-pressure additives and anti-wear additives.
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- ( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl ) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol.
  • mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as with Methanol, isooctanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, bis-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.
  • mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as with Methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.
  • metal deactivators e.g. for copper
  • metal deactivators e.g. for copper
  • Triazoles benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts, 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -5 (6) -methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1- (1-cyclohexyloxy butyl-5 (6) -methyl -1H-triazole, 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -1H-1,2,4-triazole.
  • rust inhibitors are:
  • viscosity index improvers examples are:
  • Polyacrylates polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.
  • pour point depressants examples are:
  • dispersants / surfactants examples are:
  • wear protection additives are:
  • a mixture of 63.44 g (0.2 mol) of dithiophosphoric acid 0.0-di-n-butyl ester and 80 ml of ethanol is mixed with a solution of 8.0 g (0.2 mol) of sodium hydroxide solution in 12 ml of water and 20 ml of ethanol neutralized with cooling.
  • the alcohol / water mixture is distilled off in vacuo at a bath temperature of 40 ° C. and the product is then azeotropically dried with toluene (3 ⁇ 100 ml of toluene).
  • the crystal mass obtained is triturated with toluene, suction filtered and dried in vacuo.
  • Examples 17-20 Thermal stabilization of a synthetic oil.
  • the thermal aging of the formulations is performed in a pressure differential calorimeter (P ressure- D ifferential- S canning C alorimetry, PDSC).
  • the process works according to the following principle:
  • the PDSC cell (thermal analysis system 1090 from DuPont) consists of a heating block made of silver. A constantan plate containing the thermocouples (Chromel-Alumel) is inserted in this heating block. Sample pans and reference pans made of aluminum are placed on the slightly elevated thermocouples. The interior of the DSC cell is covered with a thin gold film (corrosion protection). The reference pan remains empty, and three drops of the respective formulation are poured into the sample pan. The temperature difference between sample and reference pans is determined under isothermal conditions. The enthalpy change dH / dt is given in mW. All measurements are carried out in oxygen. The temperature is 180 ° C isothermal. The pressure is 10 bar.
  • Aral RL 136 a commercially available "black sludge reference oil", is used as the base oil. To increase the susceptibility to oxidation of the oil, 40 ppm Fe 3 ⁇ are added to this oil.
  • Examples 25-27 Using the same PDSC method as in Examples 17-24, the induction time is determined for a formulation comprising a combination of the compound according to Example 6 and Example 8. The results are shown in Table 3.
  • Example 28 The antioxidant effect is determined using a commercial vibratory friction wear device (SRV device) from Optimol GmbH, Kunststoff.
  • SRV device commercial vibratory friction wear device
  • This device is based on the following principle: A steel ball (100 Cr 6), on which a force F N acts, oscillates on a steel cylinder.
  • the ball is fixed in a holder and therefore has an oscillating sliding movement.
  • the horizontal and vertical force is determined by a piezoelectric force transducer.
  • the maximum Hertzian normal stress is 2740 N / mm2
  • the maximum shear stress is 850 N / mm2.
  • Ball and cylinder are made from the same tool steel.
  • a "low reference” oil is used as the base oil for diesel engines.
  • Examples 29 and 30 Analogously to Example 28, the additive combinations shown in Table 5 are tested in the same base oil, the test temperature varying.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft neue Zusammensetzungen enthaltend einen Schmierstoff oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit und als Antioxidantien mindestens ein Kupfersalz in Kombination mit mindestens einem weiteren spezifischen Antioxidans, die Verwendung dieser Kupfersalz/Antioxidans-Kombination sowie ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Schmierstoffen oder Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gegen oxidativen oder thermischen Abbau.The present invention relates to new compositions containing a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid and as antioxidants at least one copper salt in combination with at least one other specific antioxidant, the use of this copper salt / antioxidant combination and a method for stabilizing lubricants or hydraulic fluids against oxidative or thermal degradation.

Es ist bekannt, Schmierstoffen, wie Mineralölen oder synthetischen und halbsynthetischen Oelen, Zusatzstoffe zur Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften zuzusetzen.It is known to add additives to lubricants such as mineral oils or synthetic and semisynthetic oils to improve the properties of use.

Von grosser Bedeutung sind Zusatzstoffe, die den oxidativen Abbau der Schmierstoffe unterbinden und eine hohe Lager- und Wirkungsstabilität gewährleisten.Additives that prevent the oxidative degradation of the lubricants and ensure high storage and effectiveness are of great importance.

Insbesondere das thermooxidative Anforderungsprofil moderner Motorenöle hat sich infolge neuer Motorenkonstruktionen im Bereich der Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit Eigen- oder Fremdzündung geändert. So bilden sich beispielsweise bei Motoren mit Fremdzündung bei der heutigen Motorenauslegung und Betriebsweise vermehrt Stickoxide, die wiederum als Durchblasgase ("blow-by"-Gase) ins Kurbelgehäuse gelangen.In particular, the thermo-oxidative requirement profile of modern engine oils has changed as a result of new engine designs in the field of internal combustion engines with internal or external ignition. For example, in engines with spark ignition, with today's engine design and mode of operation, nitrogen oxides are increasingly formed, which in turn enter the crankcase as blow-by gases.

Weiters übernimmt das Schmieröl im oberen Kolbenring- und Zylinderbereich die Feinabdichtung zum Verbrennungsraum. Hier kann es zur Kontamination mit hochsiedenden Kraftstoffkomponenten kommen. Diese vorgegebenen Bedingungen werden durch die Anwesenheit von NOx verschärft.Furthermore, the lubricating oil in the upper piston ring and cylinder area takes over the fine sealing to the combustion chamber. This can lead to contamination with high-boiling fuel components. These conditions are exacerbated by the presence of NO x .

Die Durchblasgase, die zunehmend höhere NOx-Anteile aufweisen, bewirken nun eine grössere Oxidationsanfälligkeit des Schmieröles und es bilden sich "Schlammkeime", die letztlich zu unerwünschten Schlammablagerungen führen, die als "Schwarzschlamm" bekannt geworden sind.The blow- by gases, which have increasingly higher NO x contents, now make the lubricating oil more susceptible to oxidation and "sludge nuclei" form, which ultimately lead to undesirable sludge deposits, which have become known as "black sludge".

Es ist davon auszugehen, dass es sich dabei um eine NOx-initiierte Autooxidation des Schmieröles handelt.It is assumed that there is a NO x -initiated auto-oxidation of the lubricating oil.

Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, Schmieröle durch Zusätze von Antioxidantien zu verbessern.There has been no lack of attempts to improve lubricating oils by adding antioxidants.

Kupferverbindungen als Antioxidantien in Schmierstoffen sind bekannt.
So werden in der US-A 3,351,647 phosphor- und stickstoffhaltige Komplexe von Metallen, neben anderen auch von Kupfer, mit antioxidativer Wirksamkeit in Schmierstoffen beschrieben. Diese Komplexe zeigen einen synergistischen Effekt mit Phenyl-β-naphthylamin. Aus der US-A 3,634,238 ist weiter eine Kombination von Metallen oder Metallcarbonsäuresalzen, u.a. auch von Kupfer, mit aromatischen Aminen mit synergistischer, antioxidativer Wirkung in organischem Material, insbesondere Schmierstoffen, bekannt.
Copper compounds are known as antioxidants in lubricants.
US Pat. No. 3,351,647 describes phosphorus and nitrogen-containing complexes of metals, among others also of copper, with antioxidative activity in lubricants. These complexes show a synergistic effect with phenyl-β-naphthylamine. From US-A 3,634,238 a combination of metals or metal carboxylic acid salts, including copper, with aromatic amines with a synergistic, antioxidative effect in organic material, in particular lubricants, is known.

Ferner wird in der EP-A 24 146 eine Kombination von Dispergator, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Zink-dithiophosphat und Kupferverbindungen als antioxidatives System in Schmierstoffen beschrieben.Furthermore, EP-A 24 146 describes a combination of dispersant, viscosity index improver, zinc dithiophosphate and copper compounds as an antioxidant system in lubricants.

Ferner beschreibt die US-A 4,828,733 Kupfersalze von sterisch gehinderten Phenolcarbonsäuren als Antioxidantien in Schmierstoffen und erwähnt einen synergistischen Effekt bei der Verwendung mit anderen Antioxidantien wie z.B. phenolischen oder Arylaminantioxidantien.Furthermore, US-A 4,828,733 describes copper salts of hindered phenol carboxylic acids as antioxidants in lubricants and mentions a synergistic effect when used with other antioxidants such as e.g. phenolic or arylamine antioxidants.

Cu-Salze von Dithiophosphorsäuren werden in der US-A 2,552,570 und der EP-A 322,235 als Antioxidantien für Schmieröle, auch in Kombination mit anderen Additiven, wie z.B. weiteren Antioxidantien, beschrieben. Aus den US-A 4,582,920 und der EP-A 318,218 sind Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cu-Salzen beziehungsweise Zn/Cu-Salzen von Dithiophosphorsäuren bekannt, die antioxidative Wirkung in Schmierölen zeigen.Cu salts of dithiophosphoric acids are described in US-A 2,552,570 and EP-A 322,235 as antioxidants for lubricating oils, also in combination with other additives such as e.g. other antioxidants. From US-A 4,582,920 and EP-A 318,218 processes for the production of Cu salts or Zn / Cu salts of dithiophosphoric acids are known which show antioxidative activity in lubricating oils.

Es wurde nun überraschend gefunden, dass ein Gemisch von Cu-thiono- oder -dithiophosphaten mit aminischen Antioxidantien oder/und Alkali-thiono- und -dithiophosphaten Schmierstoffe oder Hydraulikflüssigkeiten ausgezeichnet gegen oxidativen oder thermischen Abbau stabilisiert.It has now surprisingly been found that a mixture of Cu-thiono- or -dithiophosphates with aminic antioxidants and / or alkali-thiono- and -dithiophosphates stabilizes lubricants or hydraulic fluids excellently against oxidative or thermal degradation.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zusammensetzung enthaltend

  • a) einen Schmierstoff oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit,
  • b) mindestens eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel I
    Figure imgb0001
    worin R₁ und R₂ unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, unsubstituiertes oder durch C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder unsubstituiertes oder durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiertes C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl bedeuten, oder R₁ und R₂ zusammen eine Dimethylen-oder Trimethylengruppe, die unsubstituiert oder durch wenigstens eine C₁-C₄-Alkylgruppe substituiert ist, darstellen, und X₁ Schwefel oder Sauerstoff ist; und
  • c) mindestens eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formeln II, III oder IV oder eine Mischung von solchen Verbindungen oder/und mindestens eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel V,
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003

worin R₃ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R₄ Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet, R₅ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl, Methallyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR₆ bedeutet,
R₆ C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) oder -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, R₇ und R₈ unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder Benzyl bedeuten, und R₈' Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeutet oder zusammen mit R₈ einen Butadiendiyl-Rest bildet,
R₉ und R₁₀ unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl oder Benzyl sind oder R₉ und
R₁₀ zusammen mit dem Kohlenstoffatom, an welches sie gebunden sind, einen C₅-C₁₂-Spiro-Cycloalkylring bilden,
R₁₁ Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl und
R₁₂ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist, oder
R₁₁ und R₁₂ zusammen mit den beiden Kohlenstoffatomen, an die sie gebunden sind, einen C₅-C₁₂-cycloaliphatischen Rest bedeuten,
R₁₃ H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) oder -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet,
R₁₄ und R₁₅ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten, X₂, X₃ und X₄ unabhängig voneinander Sauerstoff oder Schwefel sind; oder X₄ die Bedeutung von
Figure imgb0004

oder von
Figure imgb0005

hat, wobei r = 1 oder 2 ist und R₁₇H oder -CH₃ ist;
R₁₆ C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl oder C₂-C₁₂-Alkyl, das durch -O-, -S- und/oder -C(O)O- unterbrochen ist; unsubstituiertes oder durch C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl; C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl oder C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, das durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiert ist; oder C₇-C₁₃-Aralkyl oder C₇-C₁₃-Aralkyl, das im Alkylrest durch -O- oder -S- unterbrochen ist, bedeutet, a die Zahlen 1 oder 2 bedeutet, wobei im Falle von a gleich 2 die Reste R₁₆ gleich oder verschieden sind oder zwei Reste R₁₆ zusammen eine Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe oder eine Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe, die mit wenigstens einer C₁-C₄-Alkylgruppe substituiert ist, bilden;
und worin M ein Akalimetallkation darstellt, mit der Massgabe, dass wenn a gleich 1 ist, zwei verschiedene Reste M möglich sind.The present invention relates to a composition containing
  • a) a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid,
  • b) at least one compound of the general formula I.
    Figure imgb0001
    wherein R₁ and R₂ independently of one another are C₁-C₂₄-alkyl, unsubstituted or phenyl substituted by C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or unsubstituted or C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl substituted by C₁-C₄-alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together represent a dimethylene or trimethylene group, which are unsubstituted or substituted by at least one C₁-C₄ alkyl group, and X₁ is sulfur or oxygen; and
  • c) at least one compound of the general formulas II, III or IV or a mixture of such compounds and / and at least one compound of the general formula V,
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003

wherein R₃ is C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
R₄ is phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl, R₅ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, benzyl, allyl, methallyl, phenyl or a group -CH₂SR₆,
R₆ is C₄-C₁₈-alkyl, -CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl) or -CH₂CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl), R₇ and R₈ are independently hydrogen, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl or benzyl, and R₈ 'is hydrogen or C₁ Is -C₁₂-alkyl or forms a butadienediyl radical together with R₈,
R₉ and R₁₀ are independently C₁-C₁₈ alkyl, phenyl or benzyl or R₉ and
R₁₀ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₅-C₁₂ spiro-cycloalkyl ring,
R₁₁ is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₈ alkyl and
R₁₂ is C₁-C₁₈ alkyl, or
R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached represent a C₅-C₁₂-cycloaliphatic radical,
R₁₃ is H, C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, -CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl) or -CH₂CH₂COO (C₄-C₁₈-alkyl),
R₁₄ and R₁₅ are independently H, C₁-C₁₈ alkyl or C₇-C₉ phenylalkyl, X₂, X₃ and X₄ are independently oxygen or sulfur; or X₄ the meaning of
Figure imgb0004

or from
Figure imgb0005

has, where r = 1 or 2 and R₁₇H or -CH₃;
R₁₆ C₁-C₂₄ alkyl or C₂-C₁₂ alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S- and / or -C (O) O-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₁₂alkyl; C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl or C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl which is substituted by C₁-C₄-alkyl; or C₇-C₁₃ aralkyl or C₇-C₁₃ aralkyl which is interrupted in the alkyl radical by -O- or -S- means a means the numbers 1 or 2, where in the case of a being 2 the radicals R₁ R are identical or different are or two radicals R₁₆ together form a dimethylene or trimethylene group or a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by at least one C₁-C₄ alkyl group;
and wherein M ⊕ represents an alkali metal cation, with the proviso that if a is 1, two different radicals M ⊕ are possible.

Stellen R₁, R₂ und R₁₆ C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl dar, so handelt es sich um geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkylreste, wie beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Isobutyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, 2-Methylpropyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Heptyl, Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Nonyl, Decyl, Undecyl, Dodecyl, Tetradecyl, Hexadecyl, Heptadecyl, Octadecyl oder Eicosyl. Bevorzugt sind Reste mit 3 bis 12 C-Atomen, besonders bevorzugt sind Reste mit 3 bis 8 C-Atomen.Represent R₁, R₂ and R₁₆ C₁-C₂₄-alkyl, it is straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl , 2-methylpropyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl. Residues with 3 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred, residues with 3 to 8 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.

Stellen R₃, R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄ und R₁₅ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl dar, so kann die Alkylgruppe gerakdkettig oder verzweigt sein und kann beispielsweise bedeuten: Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Isobutyl, t-Butyl, Pentyl, Isopentyl, Hexyl, Heptyl, 3-Heptyl, Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Nonyl, Decyl, Undecyl, Dodecyl, Tridecyl, Tetradecyl, Pentadecyl, Hexadecyl, Heptadecyl, Octadecyl, 2-Ethylbutyl, 1-Methylpentyl, 1,3-Dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl, 1-Methylhexyl, Isoheptyl, 1-Methylheptyl, 1,1,3-Trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylhexyl oder 1-Methylundecyl.If R₃, R₇, R₈, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄ and R₁₅ represent C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, the alkyl group can be straight-chain or branched and can mean, for example: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- Butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, 3-heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylbut 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylhexyl or 1-methylundecyl.

R₅ oder R₈' als C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl können lineares oder verzweigtes Alkyl sein und können z.B Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, n-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Nonyl, Decyl oder Dodecyl sein.R₅ or R₈ 'as C₁-C₁₂-alkyl can be linear or branched alkyl and can be, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl or dodecyl .

Alkylreste können als geradkettige oder verzweigte Reste vorliegen, wobei insbesondere die verzweigtkettigen Reste als Gemische ihrer Isomeren vorliegen können.Alkyl radicals can be present as straight-chain or branched radicals, in particular the branched-chain radicals can be present as mixtures of their isomers.

Stellt R₁₆ C₂-C₁₂-Alkyl dar, das durch -O-, -S- oder -C(O)O- unterbrochen ist, so kann das Heteroatom bzw. die C(O)O-Gruppe sich in jeder möglichen Position befinden, und der C₂-C₁₂-Alkylrest kann einfach oder mehrfach unterbrochen sein, wobei die Unterbrechung sowohl durch gleiche oder verschiedene Heteroatome als auch durch C(O)O-Gruppen erfolgen kann. Bevorzugt ist eine Unterbrechung.If R₁₆ represents C₂-C₁₂ alkyl which is interrupted by -O-, -S- or -C (O) O-, the hetero atom or the C (O) O group can be in any possible position, and the C₂-C₁₂ alkyl radical can be interrupted one or more times, the interruption can take place both through the same or different heteroatoms and through C (O) O groups. An interruption is preferred.

Stellen R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ und R₁₆ durch C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl dar, so kann der Phenylrest ein- oder mehrfach, bevorzugt jedoch ein- oder zweifach substituiert sein; bei C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl handelt es sich beispielsweise um Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Isobutyl, sec.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, geradkettiges oder verzweigtes Nonyl oder Dodecyl. Bevorzugt ist einfach substituiertes Phenyl, wobei der Alkylrest zweckmässig 3-12 C-Atome und bevorzugt 8-12 C-Atome aufweist. Besonders zweckmässig ist Nonylphenyl.If R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ and R₁₆ represent phenyl substituted by C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or C₇-C₁₈-alkylphenyl, the phenyl radical can be substituted one or more times, but preferably once or twice; C₁-C₁₂-alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, straight-chain or branched nonyl or dodecyl. Monosubstituted phenyl is preferred, the alkyl radical expediently having 3-12 C atoms and preferably 8-12 C atoms. Nonylphenyl is particularly useful.

Stellen R₁, R₂, R₃ und R₁₆ C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl dar, so handelt es sich beispielsweise um Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, Cycloheptyl, Cyclooctyl, Cyclononyl, Cyclodecyl, Cycloundecyl oder Cyclododecyl, vorzugsweise um Cyclohexyl.R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₁₆ C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl are, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl or cyclododecyl, preferably cyclohexyl.

Stellen R₁, R₂ und R₁₆ durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiertes C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl dar, so kann es sich um einfache oder mehrfache Substitution, bevorzugt jedoch um einfache Substitution, handeln, wie beispielsweise um Methylcyclohexyl, Trimethylcyclohexyl, Butylcyclohexyl oder Propylcyclopentyl.Represent R₁, R₂ and R₁₆ by C₁-C₄-alkyl substituted C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, it can be a single or multiple substitution, but preferably a simple substitution, such as methylcyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl or propylcyclopentyl.

R₃, R₁₄ und R₁₅ als C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl können z.B. Benzyl, 2-Phenylethyl, α-Methylbenzyl, 2-Phenylpropyl oder α,α-Dimethylbenzyl sein, vorzugsweise jedoch Benzyl.R₃, R₁₄ and R₁₅ as C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl can be, for example, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, α-methylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl or α, α-dimethylbenzyl, but preferably benzyl.

Stellt R₁₆ C₇-C₁₃-Aralkyl dar, so handelt es sich beispielsweise um Benzyl, 1- oder 2-Phenethyl, 3-Phenylpropyl, α,α-Dimethylbenzyl, 2-Phenylisopropyl, 2-Phenylhexyl, Benzhydryl oder Naphthylmethyl, vorzugsweise jedoch um Benzyl.R₁₆ C₇-C₁₃ aralkyl is, for example, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, α, α-dimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylisopropyl, 2-phenylhexyl, benzhydryl or naphthylmethyl, but preferably benzyl .

Stellt R₁₆ C₇-C₁₃-Aralkyl dar, das im Alkylrest durch -O- oder -S- unterbrochen ist, so ist ein typisches Beispiel dafür eine Phenoxyethylgruppe.R₁₆ C₇-C₁₃ aralkyl, which is interrupted in the alkyl radical by -O- or -S-, is a typical example of a phenoxyethyl group.

Stellen R₁ und R₂ oder zwei Reste R₁₆ zusammen eine Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe dar, die mit wenigstens einer C₁-C₄-Alkylgruppe substituiert ist, so trägt die Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe zweckmässig eine, zwei oder drei Alkylgruppen mit 1, 2, 3 oder 4 C-Atomen und bevorzugt eine oder zwei Alkylgruppen mit 1, 2 oder 4 C-Atomen.If R₁ and R₂ or two radicals R₁₆ together represent a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by at least one C₁-C₄ alkyl group, the dimethylene or trimethylene group expediently carries one, two or three alkyl groups with 1, 2, 3 or 4 C atoms and preferably one or two alkyl groups with 1, 2 or 4 C atoms.

Bedeuten R₃ und R₄ C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl, so sind Beispiele dafür Methoxyphenyl und Ethoxyphenyl.Mean R₃ and R₄ C₇-C₁₈ alkoxyphenyl, examples are methoxyphenyl and ethoxyphenyl.

Stellt X₄ beispielsweise

Figure imgb0006

oder
Figure imgb0007

dar, so bedeuten R₁₇H oder CH₃ und r 1 oder 2. Besonders bevorzugte Gruppen sind z.B. -S-CH₂-COO, -O-CH₂-COO, -S-CH₂-Ch₂COO, -O-CH₂-CH₂-COO,
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009
For example, X₄
Figure imgb0006

or
Figure imgb0007

is R₁₇H or CH₃ and r is 1 or 2. Particularly preferred groups are, for example, -S-CH₂-COO , -O-CH₂-COO , -S-CH₂-Ch₂COO , -O-CH₂-CH₂-COO ,
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0009

M stellt ein Alkalimetallkation dar, so z.B. Li, Na, K oder Rb#DIS#. Bevorzugte Metallkationen M sind Li, Na und K, insbesondere Na.M represents an alkali metal cation, for example Li , Na , K or Rb # DIS # . Preferred metal cations M are Li , Na and K , in particular Na .

R₁ und R₂ können gleich oder verschieden sein und sind bevorzugt gleich.R₁ and R₂ can be the same or different and are preferably the same.

Im Falle von a = 2 sind die Reste R₁₆ bevorzugt gleich.In the case of a = 2, the radicals R₁₆ are preferably the same.

Es ist im Umfang der vorliegenden Erfindung, dass in den Zusammensetzungen jeweils auch mehrere Verbindungen der Formeln I, II, III, IV und/oder V in beliebigem Gemisch untereinander angewendet werden können.It is within the scope of the present invention that a plurality of compounds of the formulas I, II, III, IV and / or V can also be used in the compositions in any mixture with one another.

Vorzugsweise bedeutet X₁ Schwefel.Preferably X₁ means sulfur.

Bevorzugt sind Zusammensetzungen, worin R₁ und R₂ unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, unsubstituiertes oder durch C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl, unsubstituiertes oder durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiertes C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl bedeuten, oder R₁ und R₂ zusammen eine Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe oder eine Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe, die durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiert ist, darstellen.Preferred are compositions in which R₁ and R₂ independently of one another are C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₄-alkyl C₅-C₆-cycloalkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together represent a dimethylene - Or trimethylene group or a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by C₁-C₄-alkyl.

Besonders bevorzugt sind Zusammensetzungen, worin R₁ und R₂ unabhängig voneinander C₃-C₁₂-Alkyl, durch C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder Cyclohexyl bedeuten, oder R₁ und R₂ zusammen eine Dimethylen- oder Trimethylengruppe, die durch C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiert ist, darstellen. Speziell bevorzugt sind Zusammensetzungen, worin X₁ Schwefel ist und R₁ und R₂ gleich sind und C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl, durch C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder Cyclohexyl bedeuten, insbesondere solche, worin R₁ und R₂ C₄-C₈-Alkyl, Nonylphenyl oder Cyclohexyl darstellen.Compositions are particularly preferred in which R₁ and R₂ independently of one another are C₃-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl or cyclohexyl substituted by C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together are a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by C₁-C₄-alkyl, represent. Particularly preferred are compositions in which X₁ is sulfur and R₁ and R₂ are the same and are C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl or cyclohexyl substituted by C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, especially those in which R₁ and R₂ are C₄-C₈-alkyl, nonylphenyl or cyclohexyl represent.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform betrifft Zusammensetzungen, worin c) eine Verbindung der Formel II ist, worin
R₃ C₁-C₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R₄ C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
R₅ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR₆ bedeutet,
R₆ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -CH₂COO(C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, insbesondere jedoch solche, worin R₃ und R₄ unabhängig voneinander Phenyl oder C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl bedeuten und R₅ Wasserstoff ist.
A further embodiment relates to compositions in which c) is a compound of the formula II in which
R₃ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₇-C₉-phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-alkylphenyl or naphthyl,
R₄ is C₁₀-C₁₈ alkylphenyl or phenyl,
R₅ is hydrogen, C₁-C₈-alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH₂SR₆,
R₆ is C₈-C₁₈-alkyl or -CH₂COO (C₈-C₁₈-alkyl), but especially those in which R₃ and R₄ are independently phenyl or C₁₀-C₁₈-alkylphenyl and R₅ is hydrogen.

Eine weitere interessante Ausführungsform sind Zusammensetzungen, worin die Verbindung der Formel II ein technisches Gemisch ist, erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, wie z.B. in der US-A 4,824,601 beschrieben, enthaltend

1 bis 5 Gew.-%
a) Diphenylamin
8 bis 18 Gew.-%
b) 4-tert-Butyldiphenylamin
21 bis 31 Gew.-%
c) einer oder mehrerer der Verbindungen
i) 4-tert-Octyldiphenylamin
ii) 4,4'-Di-tert-butyldiphenylamin
iii) 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin
20 bis 31 Gew.-%
d) einer oder mehrerer der Verbindungen
i) 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin
ii) 2,2'-oder 2,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin
iii) 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin und
15 bis 29 Gew.-%
e) der Verbindung
i) 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin oder der Verbindungen
i) 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin und
ii) 2,4-Di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin;

insbesondere ein Gemisch enthaltend
  • a) 3 % Diphenylamin,
  • b) 14 % 4-tert.Butyl-diphenylamin,
  • c) 30 % 4-tert.Octyl-diphenylamin, 4,4'-Di-tert.butyl-diphenylamin und 2,4,4'-Tri-tert.-butyl-diphenylamin,
  • d) 29 % 4-tert.Butyl-4'-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 2,2'- und 3,3'-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.butyl-4'-tert.octyl-diphenylamin,
  • e) 18 % 4,4'-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin,
  • f) 6 % 2,4-Di-tert.octyl-4'-tert.butyl-diphenylamin.
Another interesting embodiment are compositions in which the compound of the formula II is an industrial mixture obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene, as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,824,601
1 to 5% by weight
a) Diphenylamine
8 to 18% by weight
b) 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine
21 to 31% by weight
c) one or more of the compounds
i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine
ii) 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine
iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine
20 to 31% by weight
d) one or more of the compounds
i) 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine
ii) 2,2'-or 2,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and
15 to 29% by weight
e) the connection
i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine or the compounds
i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and
ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine;

in particular containing a mixture
  • a) 3% diphenylamine,
  • b) 14% 4-tert-butyl-diphenylamine,
  • c) 30% of 4-tert-octyl-diphenylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-diphenylamine and 2,4,4'-tri-tert-butyl-diphenylamine,
  • d) 29% 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert.octyl-diphenylamine, 2,2'- and 3,3'-di-tert.octyl-diphenylamine and 2,4-di-tert.butyl-4 ' -tert.octyl-diphenylamine,
  • e) 18% 4,4'-di-tert-octyl-diphenylamine,
  • f) 6% 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyl-diphenylamine.

Ebenfalls von Interesse sind Zusammensetzungen, worin c) eine Verbindung der Formel III ist, worin R₇ und R₈ unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeuten, und R₈' Wasserstoff ist oder zusammen mit R₈ einen Butadiendiyl-Rest bildet, und R₉ und R₁₀ unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl sind, oder R₉ und R₁₀ zusammen mit dem Kohlenstoffatom, an welches sie gebunden sind, einen C₅-C₇-Spiro-Cycloalkylring bilden, und R₁₁ Wasserstoff und R₁₂ C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl ist, oder R₁₁ und R₁₂ zusammen mit den beiden Kolenstoffatomen, an die sie gebunden sind, einen Cyclohexanrest bilden.Also of interest are compositions in which c) is a compound of formula III, wherein R₇ and R₈ are independently hydrogen or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, and R₈ 'is hydrogen or together with R₈ forms a butadiene diyl radical, and R₉ and R₁₀ are independently C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, or R₉ and R₁₀ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C₅-C₇ spiro-cycloalkyl ring, and R₁₁ is hydrogen and R₁₂ is C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, or R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the two carbon atoms to which they are attached form a cyclohexane radical.

Von besonderem Interesse sind Zusammensetzungen, worin R₇ Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl ist, R₈ Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Ethyl ist, R₈' Wasserstoff ist oder zusammen mit R₈ einen Butadiendiyl-Rest bildet und R₉ und R₁₀ Methyl oder Ethyl sind oder R₉ und R₁₀ zusammen mit dem Kohlenstoffatom, an welches sie gebunden sind, einen Spiro-Cyclohexylring bilden und R₁₁ Wasserstoff und R₁₂ Methyl oder Ethyl ist.Of particular interest are compositions in which R₇ is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, R₈ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R₈ 'is hydrogen or together with R₈ forms a butadiene diyl radical and R₉ and R₁₀ are methyl or ethyl or R₉ and R₁₀ together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a spiro-cyclohexyl ring and R₁₁ is hydrogen and R₁₂ is methyl or ethyl.

Ganz speziell bevorzugt als Verbindung der Formel III ist 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochinolin.2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is very particularly preferred as the compound of the formula III.

Weiter interessant sind Zusammensetzungen, worin c) eine Verbindung der Formel IV ist, worin R₁₃ Wasserstoff ist und R₁₄ und R₁₅ unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeuten, insbesondere worin die Verbindung der Formel IV 3,7-Di-tert. octyl-phenothiazin ist.Also of interest are compositions in which c) is a compound of the formula IV, wherein R₁₃ is hydrogen and R₁₄ and R₁₅ independently of one another are hydrogen or C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, in particular wherein the compound of formula IV 3,7-di-tert. is octyl-phenothiazine.

Bevorzugt sind ferner Zusammensetzungen, worin c) eine Verbindung der Formel V ist, worin X₂ Sauerstoff, X₃ Schwefel und X₄ Sauerstoff oder Schwefel, insbesondere jedoch Schwefel bedeuten.Also preferred are compositions in which c) is a compound of the formula V in which X₂ is oxygen, X₃ is sulfur and X₄ is oxygen or sulfur, but especially sulfur.

Besonders bevorzugt in den erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen sind Verbindungen der Formel V, worin R₁₆ C₃-C₁₂-Alkyl oder durch C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl, a die Zahl 2 und M Li Na oder K darstellen, insbesondere worin die beiden Reste R₁₆ unabhängig voneinander n-Butyl, 2-Methylpropyl, 2-Ethylhexyl oder Dodecyl bedeuten.Particularly preferred in the compositions according to the invention are compounds of the formula V in which R₁₆ C₃-C₁₂-alkyl or phenyl substituted by C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, a is the number 2 and M Li Na or K , in particular in which the two radicals R₁₆ are independently n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 2-ethylhexyl or dodecyl.

Ganz speziell bevorzugt sind Zusammensetzungen, worin die Verbindung der Formel V Natrium-0,0-dibutyldithiophosphat, Natrium-0,0-diisobutyldithiophosphat, Natrium-0,0-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphat oder Natrium-0,0-bis(dodecyl)dithiophosphat ist.Compositions in which the compound of the formula V sodium 0.0-dibutyldithiophosphate, sodium 0.0-diisobutyldithiophosphate, sodium 0.0-bis (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate or sodium 0.0-bis ( dodecyl) dithiophosphate.

Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Zusammensetzungen, worin b) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin R₁ und R₂je 2-Ethylhexyl sind und X₁ Schwefel ist und c) ein technisches Gemisch ist, erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, enthaltend

1 bis 5 Gew.-%
a) Diphenylamin
8 bis 18 Gew.-%
b) 4-tert-Butyldiphenylamin
21 bis 31 Gew.-%
c) einer oder mehrerer der Verbindungen
i) 4-tert-Octyldiphenylamin
ii) 4,4'-Di-tert-butylphenylamin
iii) 2,4,4'-Tris-tert-butyldiphenylamin,
20 bis 31 Gew.-%
d) einer oder mehrerer der Verbindungen
i) 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin
ii) 2,2'-oder 2,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin
iii) 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamin und
15 bis 29 Gew.-%
e) der Verbindung
i) 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin oder der Verbindungen
i) 4,4'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin und
ii) 2,4-D-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamin.
Compositions are very particularly preferred in which b) is a compound of the formula I, in which R₁ and R₂je are 2-ethylhexyl and X₁ is sulfur and c) is an industrial mixture obtained by reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene, containing
1 to 5% by weight
a) Diphenylamine
8 to 18% by weight
b) 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine
21 to 31% by weight
c) one or more of the compounds
i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine
ii) 4,4'-di-tert-butylphenylamine
iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine,
20 to 31% by weight
d) one or more of the compounds
i) 4-tert-Butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine
ii) 2,2'-or 2,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and
15 to 29% by weight
e) the connection
i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine or the compounds
i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and
ii) 2,4-D-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine.

Die Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formeln I und V sind an sich bekannt und können beispielsweise hergestellt werden, wie beschrieben in Houben-Weyl "Methoden der organischen Chemie", Band 12, Teil 2, 4. Auflage, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1964, auf den Seiten 226-274, sowie 587-689, oder in Kosolapoff-Maier "Organic Phosphorous Compounds", John Wiley and Sons, New York 1976, auf den Seiten 518-521.The compounds of the general formulas I and V are known per se and can be prepared, for example, as described in Houben-Weyl "Methods of Organic Chemistry", Volume 12, Part 2, 4th Edition, G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1964 pages 226-274 and 587-689, or in Kosolapoff-Maier "Organic Phosphorous Compounds", John Wiley and Sons, New York 1976, on pages 518-521.

Die Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel II sind an sich ebenfalls bekannt und können beispielsweise durch Alkylierung von Diphenylamin hergestellt werden. Ein bevorzugtes Verfahren zur Herstellung von besonders wertvollen technischen Gemischen von alkylierten Diphenylaminen, wie sie vorstehend beschrieben werden, ist gekennzeichnet durch die Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, wobei die Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit einem Ueberschuss an Diisobutylen in Anwesenheit eines aktiven Tonerde-Katalysators durchgeführt wird, die Konzentration an Diisobutylen über die Reaktionsdauer im wesentlichen konstant gehalten wird, die Reaktionstemperatur mindestens 160°C beträgt, die Reaktion solange durchgeführt wird, bis der Gehalt an 4,4'-Di-tert.-octyldiphenylamin, bezogen auf die Reaktionsmasse ohne Katalysator, unter 29 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise unter 25 Gew.-%, und der Gehalt an Diphenylamin unter 5 Gew.-% liegen, der Katalysator und nicht umgesetztes Diisobutylen entfernt werden und das entstehende flüssige Produkt isoliert wird. Das Verfahren ist ausführlich in der US-A 4,824,601 beschrieben.The compounds of the general formula II are also known per se and can be prepared, for example, by alkylating diphenylamine. A preferred process for the preparation of particularly valuable industrial mixtures of alkylated diphenylamines, as described above, is characterized by the reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene, the reaction of diphenylamine with an excess of diisobutylene being carried out in the presence of an active alumina catalyst, the concentration of diisobutylene is kept essentially constant over the reaction period, the reaction temperature is at least 160 ° C., the reaction is carried out until the content of 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, based on the reaction mass without catalyst, below 29% by weight, preferably below 25% by weight, and the diphenylamine content below 5% by weight, the catalyst and unreacted diisobutylene are removed and the resulting liquid product is isolated. The process is described in detail in US-A 4,824,601.

Die Verbindungen der Formel III sind an sich ebenfalls bekannt; ihre Herstellung erfolgt nach an sich bekannten und z.B. in der US-A 4,692,258 beschriebenen Methoden.The compounds of formula III are also known per se; they are manufactured according to known and e.g. methods described in US-A 4,692,258.

Die Verbindungen der Formel IV sind erhältlich beispielsweise durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Schwefel wie z.B. in der US-A 2,433,658 beschrieben.The compounds of formula IV can be obtained, for example, by reacting diphenylamine with sulfur, e.g. in US-A 2,433,658.

Die erfindungsgemässen Zusammensetzungen enthalten als weitere Komponente einen Schmierstoff oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit. Als Schmierstoffe können die an sich bekannten Produkte zur Anwendung gelangen.The compositions according to the invention contain a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid as a further component. The products known per se can be used as lubricants.

Die gesuchten Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemässen Zusätze kommen auch in den Hydraulikflüssigkeiten voll zum Tragen, wenn auch in diesem Falle der Asche- und Phosphorarmut oder -freiheit nicht die obenerwähnte Bedeutung zukommt.The sought-after properties of the additives according to the invention also have full effect in the hydraulic fluids, even if in this case the absence or lack of ash and phosphorus is not of the importance mentioned above.

Die in Frage kommenden Schmierstoffe und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten sind dem Fachmann geläufig und z.B. in Dieter Klamann "Schmierstoffe und verwandte Produkte", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982, in Schewe-Kobek, "Das Schmiermittel-Taschenbuch", Dr. Alfred Hüthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1974, oder in "Ullmanns Encyclopädie der technischen Chemie", Band 13, Seiten 85-94 (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1977) beschrieben.The lubricants and hydraulic fluids in question are familiar to the person skilled in the art and e.g. in Dieter Klamann "Lubricants and Related Products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982, in Schewe-Kobek, "The Lubricant Pocket Book", Dr. Alfred Hüthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1974, or in "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry", Volume 13, pages 85-94 (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1977).

Beispiele hierfür sind Schmierstoffe und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten auf Basis von Mineralölen, synthetischen Oelen oder Mischungen mineralischer und synthetischer Oele, oder synthetischer Schmierstoffe oder Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, beispielsweise solche, die Carbonsäure-Esterderivate darstellen und bei Temperaturen von 200°C und höher verwendet werden.Examples of this are lubricants and hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils, synthetic oils or mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils, or synthetic lubricants or hydraulic fluids, for example those which are carboxylic acid ester derivatives and are used at temperatures of 200 ° C. and higher.

Beispiele von synthetischen Schmierstoffen umfassen auch Schmierstoffe auf der Basis eines Diesters einer zweiwertigen Säure mit einem einwertigen Alkohol, wie z.B. Dioctylsebacat oder Dinonyladipat, eines Triesters von Trimethylolpropan mit einer einwertigen Säure oder mit einem Gemisch solcher Säuren, wie z.B. Trimethylolpropantripelargonat, Trimethylolpropan-tricaprylat oder Gemische davon, eines Tetraesters von Pentaerythrit mit einer einwertigen Säure oder mit einem Gemisch solcher Säuren, wie z.B. Pentaerythrit-tetracaprylat, oder eines komplexen Esters von einwertigen und zweiwertigen Säuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. ein komplexer Ester von Trimethylolpropan mit Capryl- und Sebacinsäure.Examples of synthetic lubricants also include lubricants based on a diester of a dihydric acid with a monohydric alcohol, e.g. Dioctyl sebacate or dinonyl adipate, a triester of trimethylolpropane with a monohydric acid or with a mixture of such acids, e.g. Trimethylolpropane tripelargonate, trimethylolpropane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, a tetraester of pentaerythritol with a monovalent acid or with a mixture of such acids, e.g. Pentaerythritol tetracaprylate, or a complex ester of monohydric and dihydric acids with polyhydric alcohols, e.g. a complex ester of trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic acid.

Besonders geeignet sind neben Mineralölen z.B. Poly-α-Olefine, Schmierstoffe auf Esterbasis, Phosphate, Glykole, Polyglykole und Polyalkylenglykole, sowie deren Mischungen mit Wasser.In addition to mineral oils, e.g. Poly-α-olefins, ester-based lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols, and mixtures thereof with water.

Die Verbindungen der Formel I sind gut in Schmierstoffen und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten löslich und sind deshalb als Zusätze zu Schmierstoffen und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten besonders geeignet, und es ist auf ihre überraschend gute antioxidative Wirkung hinzuweisen.The compounds of the formula I are readily soluble in lubricants and hydraulic fluids and are therefore particularly suitable as additives to lubricants and hydraulic fluids, and their surprisingly good antioxidant activity should be pointed out.

Insbesondere in Schmierstoffen für Verbrennungsmotoren, wie z.B. in Verbrennungsmotoren nach dem Otto-Prinzip, vermögen die Verbindungen der Formel I ihre überragenden antioxidativen Eigenschaften zu entfalten.In particular in lubricants for internal combustion engines, such as in internal combustion engines based on the Otto principle, the compounds of the formula I are able to develop their outstanding antioxidative properties.

Die Verbindungen der Formeln I, II, III, IV oder/und V wirken schon in sehr geringen Mengen als Additive in Schmierstoffen und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten. Sie werden den Schmierstoffen und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten zweckmässig in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,05 bis 3 Gew.-% und ganz besonders bevorzugt in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf den Schmierstoff oder die Hydraulikflüssigkeit, beigemischt.The compounds of the formulas I, II, III, IV or / and V act in very small amounts as additives in lubricants and hydraulic fluids. They are expediently added to the lubricants and hydraulic fluids in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 3% by weight and very particularly preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight. -%, each based on the lubricant or the hydraulic fluid, added.

Zweckmässig werden die Verbindungen der Formel I einerseits und die Verbindungen der Formeln II, III, IV oder/und V andererseits in ungefähr gleichen Gewichtsteilen zugegeben.The compounds of the formula I on the one hand and the compounds of the formulas II, III, IV or / and V on the other hand are expediently added in approximately equal parts by weight.

Daher betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ebenfalls ein Verfahren zur Stabilisierung von Schmierstoffen oder Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gegen oxidativen oder thermischen Abbau, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man dem Schmierstoff oder der Hydraulikflüssigkeit mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel I zusammen mit mindestens einer Verbindung der Formeln II, III, IV oder/und V zugibt.The present invention therefore also relates to a method for stabilizing lubricants or hydraulic fluids against oxidative or thermal degradation, characterized in that at least one compound of the formula I together with at least one compound of the formulas II, III, IV or / and V admits.

Die erfindungsgemässen Schmierstoffe und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten können zusätzlich andere Additive enthalten, die zugegeben werden, um die Grundeigenschaften von Schmierstoffen und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten noch weiter zu verbessern; dazu gehören: weitere Antioxidantien, Metallpassivatoren, Rostinhibitoren, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Stockpunkterniedriger, Dispergiermittel, Detergentien, weitere Hochdruck-Zusätze und Antiverschleiss-Additive.The lubricants and hydraulic fluids according to the invention can additionally contain other additives which are added in order to further improve the basic properties of lubricants and hydraulic fluids; these include: other antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, detergents, other high-pressure additives and anti-wear additives.

Beispielsweise ist eine Reihe solcher Verbindungen der nachfolgenden Auflistung zu entnehmen.For example, a number of such connections can be found in the list below.

Beispiele für phenolische AntioxidantienExamples of phenolic antioxidants 1. Alkylierte Monophenole1. Alkylated monophenols

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-Butylphenol.2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- (α-methylcyclohexyl ) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol.

2. Alkylierte Hydrochinone2. Alkylated hydroquinones

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-amylhydrochinon, 2,6-Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol.2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol.

3. Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether3. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ether

2,2'-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Thio-bis-(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol).2,2'-thio-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thio-bis- (4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis- (6-tert- butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thio-bis (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol).

4. Alkyliden-Bisphenole4. Alkylidene bisphenols

2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4- oder -5-iso-butylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-Methylen-bis-[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-Methylen-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butan, 2,6-Di-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-Tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutan, Ethylenglycol-bis-[3,3-bis-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrat], Bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadien, Bis-[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl]-terephthalat.2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis - [4-methyl-6- (α-methylcyclohexyl) phenol], 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (6-nonyl- 4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2 '-Ethylidene-bis- (6-tert-butyl-4- or -5-iso-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis- [6- (α-methylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 2.2 '-Methylene-bis- [6- (α, α-dimethylbenzyl) -4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylene-bis- (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene- bis- (6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) butane, 2,6-di- (3-tert-butyl -5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) -4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) -3-n-dodecyl mercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis- [3 , 3-bis- (3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) butyrate], bis (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) dicyclopentadiene, bis- [2- (3 ' -tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl) -6-tert-bu tyl-4-methylphenyl] terephthalate.

5. Benzylverbindungen5. Benzyl compounds

1,3,5-Tri-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzol, Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoessigsäure-isotridecylester, 3,5-Di-t ert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoessigsäure-isooctylester, Bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-dithiol-terephthalat, 1,3,5-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat, 1,3,5-Tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-isocyanurat, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonsäure-di-octadecylester, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonsäure-monoethylester, Calcium-salz1,3,5-tri (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, bis- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) - sulfide, isotridecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetic acid isooctyl ester, bis- (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithiol terephthalate, 1,3,5-tris - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris (4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 3.5 -Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid di-octadecyl ester, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester, calcium salt

6. Acylaminophenole6. Acylaminophenols

4-Hydroxy-laurinsäureanilid, 4-Hydroxy-stearinsäureanilid, 2,4-Bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazin, N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbaminsäureoctylester.4-hydroxy lauric anilide, 4-hydroxy stearic anilide, 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -s-triazine, N- (3,5-di tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) carbamic acid octyl ester.

7. Ester der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure7. Esters of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid

mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit
Methanol, Isooctanol, Diethylenglycol, Octadecanol, Triethylenglycol, 1,6-Hexandiol, Pentaerythrit, Neopentylglycol, Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat, Thiodiethylenglycol, Bis-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid.
with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as with
Methanol, isooctanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, bis-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.

8. Ester der β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionsäure8. Esters of β- (5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propionic acid

mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit
Methanol, Diethylenglycol, Octadecanol, Triethylenglycol, 1,6-Hexandiol, Pentaerythrit, Neopentylglycol, Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat, Thiodiethylenglykol, Di-hydroxyethyloxalsäurediamid.
with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as with
Methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.

9. Amide der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure,9. amides of β- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid,

wie z.B. N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylendiamin, N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylendiamin, N,N'-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazin.such as. N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hexamethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) trimethylene diamine, N, N'-bis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl) hydrazine.

Beispiele für aminische Antioxidantien:Examples of aminic antioxidants:

N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1 -ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1-methyl-heptyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Di-(naphthyl-2)-p-phenylendiamin, N-Isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1-Methyl-heptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, 4-(p-Toluol-sulfonamido)-diphenylamin, N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, 4-n-Butylaminophenol, 4-Butyrylamino-phenol, 4-Nonanoylamino-phenol, 4-Dodecanoylamino-phenol, 4-Octadecanoylamino-phenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methyl-phenol, 2,4'-Diamino-diphenylmethan, 4,4'-Diamino-diphenylmethan, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethan, 1,2-Di-[(2-methyl-phenyl)-amino]-ethan, 1,2-Di-(phenylamino)-propan, (o-Tolyl)biguanid, Di-[4-(1',3'-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl]amin, 2,3-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazin, N-Allylphenothiazin, N,N-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl-hexamethylendiamin, Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-piperidin-4-on, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol.N, N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylene diamine, N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylene diamine, N, N'-bis (1,4-dimethyl-pentyl) -p-phenylene diamine, N, N'-bis (1-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (1-methyl-heptyl) -p-phenylenediamine, N, N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N , N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene diamine, N, N'-di- (naphthyl-2) -p-phenylene diamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine, N- (1,3-dimethyl-butyl ) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N- (1-methyl-heptyl) -N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4- (p-toluenesulfonamido) diphenylamine, N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylamino-phenol, 4-nonanoylamino- phenol, 4-dodecanoylamino-phenol, 4-octadecanoylamino-phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methyl-phenol, 2,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 1,2-di - [(2-methylphenyl) amino] ethane, 1,2-di- (phenylamino) -propane, (o-tolyl) biguanide, di- [4- (1 ', 3'-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] amine, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine , N-allylphenothiazine, N, N-bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl-hexamethylenediamine, bis- (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-one, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol.

Beispiele für weitere Antioxidantien:Examples of other antioxidants:

Aliphatische oder aromatische Phosphite, Ester der Thiodipropionsäure oder der Thiodiessigsäure, oder Salze der Dithiocarbamid- oder Dithiophosphorsäure, 2,2,12,12-Tetramethyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithiatridecan und 2,2,15,15-Tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecan.Aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid, 2,2,12,12-tetramethyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithiatridecane and 2,2,15, 15-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecane.

Beispiele für Metall-Desaktivatoren, z.B. für Kupfer, sind:Examples of metal deactivators, e.g. for copper, are:

Triazole, Benztriazole und deren Derivate, Tolutriazole und deren Derivate, 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2-Mercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiazol, 5,5'-Methylenbisbenztriazol, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und dessen Salze, 1-[N,N-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-aminomethyl]-5(6)-methyl-1H-benztriazol-1-(1-Cyclohexyloxy butyl-5 (6)-methyl-1H-triazol, 1-[N,N-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol.Triazoles, benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts, 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -5 (6) -methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1- (1-cyclohexyloxy butyl-5 (6) -methyl -1H-triazole, 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl] -1H-1,2,4-triazole.

Beispiele für Rost-Inhibitoren sind:Examples of rust inhibitors are:

  • a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze und Anhydride, z.B.:
    N-Oleoyl-sarcosin, Sorbitan-mono-oleat, Blei-naphthenat, Alkenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, z.B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, Alkenylbernsteinsäure-Teilester und -Teilamide, 4-Nonylphenoxy-essigsäure, 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerin und dessen Salze, insbesondere Na- und Triethanolaminsalze.
    a) Organic acids, their esters, metal salts and anhydrides, for example:
    N-oleoyl-sarcosine, sorbitan mono-oleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic anhydride, e.g. dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, partial alkenylsuccinate and partial amides, 4-nonylphenoxy-acetic acid, 2- (2-carboxyethyl) -1-dodecyl- 3-methylglycerol and its salts, especially Na and triethanolamine salts.
  • b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    I. Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate, ferner 1-[N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol.
    II. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.:
    Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline.
    b) nitrogen-containing compounds, for example:
    I. Primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, for example oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates, furthermore 1- [N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] -3- (4-nonylphenoxy) propan-2-ol.
    II. Heterocyclic compounds, for example:
    Substituted imidazolines and oxazolines.
  • c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.
    c) phosphorus-containing compounds, for example:
    Amine salts of phosphoric acid partial esters or phosphonic acid partial esters, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates.
  • d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
    Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleum-sulfonate.
    d) sulfur-containing compounds, for example:
    Barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates, calcium petroleum sulfonates.
Beispiele für Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer sind:Examples of viscosity index improvers are:

Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Vinylpyrrolidon/Methacrylat-Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polybutene, Olefin-Copolymere, Styrol/Acrylat-Copolymere, Polyether.Polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.

Beispiele für Stockpunkterniedriger sind:Examples of pour point depressants are:

Polymethacrylat, alkylierte Naphthalinderivate.Polymethacrylate, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.

Beispiele für Dispergiermittel/Tenside sind:Examples of dispersants / surfactants are:

Polybutenylbernsteinsäureamide oder -imide, Polybutenylphosphonsäurederivate, basische Magnesium-, Calcium-, und Bariumsulfonate und -phenolate.Polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates and phenolates.

Beispiele für Verschleissschutz-Additive sind:Examples of wear protection additives are:

Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen, wie geschwefelte pflanzliche Oele, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate, Tritolylphosphat, chlorierte Paraffine, Akyl- und Aryldi- und tri-sulfide, Triphenylphosphorothionate, Diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazol, Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazol, 3-[(Bis-isopropyloxy-phosphinothioyl)thio]-propionsäure-ethylester, Gemische von Alkylphenylphosphorothioaten, Triphenylthiophosphat (Triphenylphosphorothioat), Dodecylaminsalz des 3-Hydroxy-1,3-thiaphosphetan-3-oxids, Trithiophosphorsäure-5,5,5-tris[isooctylacetat (2)], 1-[N,N-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl-2-mercapto- 1H-1,3-benzthiazol.Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen, such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethylethyltolyl) amine Bis-isopropyloxy-phosphinothioyl) thio] -propionic acid ethyl ester, mixtures of alkylphenylphosphorothioates, triphenylthiophosphate (triphenylphosphorothioate), dodecylamine salt of 3-hydroxy-1,3-thiaphosphetane-3-oxide, trithiophosphoric acid [5,5,5ylacetic acid [5,5,5] 2)], 1- [N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) aminomethyl-2-mercapto-1H-1,3-benzothiazole.

Anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele wird die Erfindung weiter erläutert. Alle Angaben in Prozenten oder Teilen beziehen sich auf das Gewicht, sofern nicht anders angegeben.The invention is explained further with the aid of the following examples. All percentages or parts are by weight unless otherwise stated.

Beispiel 1: Kupfer-0,0-di(isopropyl)dithiophosphat Example 1 : Copper 0.0-di (isopropyl) dithiophosphate

14,31 g (0,1 Mol) Kupfer-(I)-oxid werden in 300 ml i-Propanol suspendiert und unter Rühren eine Lösung von 45,0 g (0,21 Mol) Di-isopropyl-dithiophosphat in 100 ml i-Propanol zugetropft. Anschliessend wird das Gemisch 3 1/2 Stunden bei 60°C gerührt und nach Zusatz von Aktivkohle und Filterhilfe klarfiltriert. Das nach Abkühlen auskristallisierende Produkt wird abfiltriert, mit kaltem i-Propanol gewaschen und getrocknet.14.31 g (0.1 mol) of copper (I) oxide are suspended in 300 ml of i-propanol and a solution of 45.0 g (0.21 mol) of di-isopropyl dithiophosphate in 100 ml of i -Propanol added dropwise. The mixture is then stirred for 3 1/2 hours at 60 ° C. and, after the addition of activated carbon and filter aid, is filtered clear. The product which crystallizes out after cooling is filtered off, washed with cold i-propanol and dried.

Ausbeute: 49,5 g (89,3 % der Theorie) gelbe Kristalle der Formel

Figure imgb0010

mit einem Smp. von 113-114°C und einem

Kupfergehalt von
23,3 % gef.
22,95 % ber.
Yield: 49.5 g (89.3% of theory) of yellow crystals of the formula
Figure imgb0010

with a mp. of 113-114 ° C and a
Copper content of
23.3% found
22.95% calc.

Beispiel 2: Natrium-0,0-di(n-butyl)dithiophosphat Example 2 : Sodium 0.0-di (n-butyl) dithiophosphate

Eine Mischung aus 63,44 g (0,2 Mol) Dithiophosphorsäure-0,0-di-n-butylester und 80 ml Ethanol wird mit einer Lösung von 8,0 g (0,2 Mol) Natronlauge in 12 ml Wasser und 20 ml Ethanol unter Kühlen neutralisiert. Das Alkohol/Wasser-Gemisch wird im Vakuum bei 40°C Badtemperatur abdestilliert und das Produkt anschliessend mit Toluol azeotrop getrocknet (3 x 100 ml Toluol). Die erhaltende Kristallmasse wird mit Toluol verrieben, abgesaugt und im Vakuum getrocknet.A mixture of 63.44 g (0.2 mol) of dithiophosphoric acid 0.0-di-n-butyl ester and 80 ml of ethanol is mixed with a solution of 8.0 g (0.2 mol) of sodium hydroxide solution in 12 ml of water and 20 ml of ethanol neutralized with cooling. The alcohol / water mixture is distilled off in vacuo at a bath temperature of 40 ° C. and the product is then azeotropically dried with toluene (3 × 100 ml of toluene). The crystal mass obtained is triturated with toluene, suction filtered and dried in vacuo.

Ausbeute: 40,24 g (76,1 % der Theorie) farblose Kristalle der Formel

Figure imgb0011

mit einem Smp. von 129-131°C und einem

Natriumgehalt von
9,00 % gef.
8,70 % ber.
Yield: 40.24 g (76.1% of theory) of colorless crystals of the formula
Figure imgb0011

with a mp. of 129-131 ° C and a
Sodium content of
9.00% found
8.70% calc.

Beispiele 3-16: Analog zu der in den Beispielen 1 und 2 beschriebenen Methode werden die aus der Tabelle 1 ersichtlichen Verbindungen der Formel

Figure imgb0012

hergestellt, wobei Me für Cu oder ein Alkalimetall steht.
Figure imgb0013

  • 1) 50 % in Mineralöl ISO VG 32/S-Geh. 0,5 %
  • 2) 50 % in SHELLSOL-R
  • 3) 80 % in Toluol
  • 4) 75 % in Toluol
  • 5) 80 % in SHELLSOL-R
  • 6) 90 % in Toluol
Examples 3-16 : Analogous to the method described in Examples 1 and 2 are the compounds of the formula shown in Table 1
Figure imgb0012

prepared, where Me stands for Cu or an alkali metal.
Figure imgb0013
  • 1) 50% in mineral oil ISO VG 32 / S-Geh. 0.5%
  • 2) 50% in SHELLSOL-R
  • 3) 80% in toluene
  • 4) 75% in toluene
  • 5) 80% in SHELLSOL-R
  • 6) 90% in toluene

Beispiele 17-20: Thermische Stabilisierung eines synthetischen Oeles. Die thermische Alterung der Formulierungen wird in einem Druck-Differenz-Kalorimeter (Pressure-Differential-Scanning Calorimetry, PDSC) durchgeführt. Examples 17-20 : Thermal stabilization of a synthetic oil. The thermal aging of the formulations is performed in a pressure differential calorimeter (P ressure- D ifferential- S canning C alorimetry, PDSC).

Das Verfahren arbeitet nach dem folgenden Prinzip: Die PDSC-Zelle (Thermoanalysensystem 1090 von DuPont) besteht aus einem Heizblock aus Silber. In diesen Heizblock ist eine Konstantanplatte eingesetzt, welche die Thermoelemente (Chromel-Alumel) enthält. Auf die etwas erhöht angebrachten Thermoelemente werden Probepfännchen und Referenzpfännchen aus Aluminium gestellt. Der Innenraum der DSC-Zelle ist mit einem dünnen Goldfilm überzogen (Korrosionsschutz). Das Referenzpfännchen bleibt leer, in das Probepfännchen werden drei Tropfen der jeweiligen Formulierung eingefüllt. Bestimmt wird die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Proben- und Referenzpfännchen unter isothermen Bedingungen. Die Enthalpieänderung dH/dt wird jeweils in mW angegeben. Alle Messungen werden in Sauerstoff durchgeführt. Die Temperatur beträgt 180°C isotherm. Der Druck beträgt 10 bar. Als Basisöl wird jeweils Aral RL 136, ein kommerziell erhältliches "black sludge reference oil" eingesetzt. Um die Oxidationsanfälligkeit des Oeles zu verstärken, werden diesem Oel 40 ppm Fe3⊕ zugefügt.The process works according to the following principle: The PDSC cell (thermal analysis system 1090 from DuPont) consists of a heating block made of silver. A constantan plate containing the thermocouples (Chromel-Alumel) is inserted in this heating block. Sample pans and reference pans made of aluminum are placed on the slightly elevated thermocouples. The interior of the DSC cell is covered with a thin gold film (corrosion protection). The reference pan remains empty, and three drops of the respective formulation are poured into the sample pan. The temperature difference between sample and reference pans is determined under isothermal conditions. The enthalpy change dH / dt is given in mW. All measurements are carried out in oxygen. The temperature is 180 ° C isothermal. The pressure is 10 bar. Aral RL 136, a commercially available "black sludge reference oil", is used as the base oil. To increase the susceptibility to oxidation of the oil, 40 ppm Fe 3⊕ are added to this oil.

Während der thermischen Alterung nimmt die Konzentration der zugefügten Additive laufend ab. Bei einer kritischen Additivkonzentration steigt dH/dt an. Die Zeit, die verstreicht bis dieser Anstieg erfolgt, wird als Induktionszeit (onset) bezeichnet. Demnach deuten lange Induktionszeiten auf eine hohe Alterungsstabilität der Oele hin.During the thermal aging, the concentration of the additives added decreases continuously. With a critical additive concentration, dH / dt increases. The time that passes until this increase occurs is called the induction time (onset). Accordingly, long induction times indicate a high aging stability of the oils.

Es werden die folgenden aus der Tabelle 2 ersichtlichen Formulierungen hergestellt und gemessen.

Figure imgb0014
Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0016
The following formulations shown in Table 2 are prepared and measured.
Figure imgb0014
Figure imgb0015
Figure imgb0016

Beispiele 25-27: Mit der gleichen PDSC-Methode wie in den Beispielen 17-24 wird für eine Formulierung enthaltend eine Kombination der Verbindung gemäss Beispiel 6 und Beispiel 8 die Induktionszeit bestimmt. Die Resultate sind in Tabelle 3 wiedergegeben.

Figure imgb0017
Examples 25-27 : Using the same PDSC method as in Examples 17-24, the induction time is determined for a formulation comprising a combination of the compound according to Example 6 and Example 8. The results are shown in Table 3.
Figure imgb0017

Beispiel 28: Die Antioxidanswirkung wird mit einem kommerziellen Schwing-Reib-Verschleissgerät (SRV-Gerät) der Firma Optimol GmbH, München bestimmt. Example 28 : The antioxidant effect is determined using a commercial vibratory friction wear device (SRV device) from Optimol GmbH, Munich.

Das Verfahren ist ausführlich beschrieben in R. Schumacher, D. Landolt, H.J. Mathieu und H. Zinke, Surface Reaction of Isogeometrical Phosphorus Compounds, ASLE Transaction, 26 (1982) 94-101.The procedure is described in detail in R. Schumacher, D. Landolt, H.J. Mathieu and H. Zinke, Surface Reaction of Isogeometrical Phosphorus Compounds, ASLE Transaction, 26 (1982) 94-101.

Dieses Gerät basiert auf dem folgenden Prinzip: Eine Stahlkugel (100 Cr 6), auf die eine Kraft FN wirkt, oszilliert auf einem Stahlzylinder. Die Kugel ist in einer Halterung fixiert und für demnach eine oszillierende Gleitbewegung aus. Die Horizontal- und Vertikalkraft wird durch einen piezoelektrischen Kraftaufnehmer bestimmt. Unter den vorliegenden Versuchsbedingungen beträgt die maximale Hertz'sche Normalspannung 2740 N/mm², die maximale Schubspannung 850 N/mm². Kugel und Zylinder sind aus demselben Werkzeugstahl hergestellt worden.This device is based on the following principle: A steel ball (100 Cr 6), on which a force F N acts, oscillates on a steel cylinder. The ball is fixed in a holder and therefore has an oscillating sliding movement. The horizontal and vertical force is determined by a piezoelectric force transducer. Under the present test conditions, the maximum Hertzian normal stress is 2740 N / mm², the maximum shear stress is 850 N / mm². Ball and cylinder are made from the same tool steel.

Einige Tropfen Oel, welches das zu untersuchende Gemisch gelöst enthält, werden zwischen Zylinder und Kugel aufgebracht. Die folgenden Testbedingungen werden gewählt:A few drops of oil, which contains the mixture to be examined in solution, are applied between the cylinder and the ball. The following test conditions are chosen:

Prüfbedingungen:

Last
200 N
Temperatur
220°C
Frequenz
50 Hz
Amplitude
1000 µm
Prüfdauer
Bis zur Abschaltung des Geräts wegen Ueberbeanspruchung (Oelverdickung wegen oxidativem Abbau). Lange Prüfdauer bedeutet gute Antioxidans-Wirkung. Die Resultate sind in Tabelle 4 zusammengestellt.
Test conditions:
load
200 N
temperature
220 ° C
frequency
50 Hz
amplitude
1000 µm
Test duration
Until the device is switched off due to excessive stress (oil thickening due to oxidative degradation). Long test duration means good antioxidant effect. The results are summarized in Table 4.

Als Basisöl dient ein "low reference"-Oel für Dieselmotoren.

Figure imgb0018
A "low reference" oil is used as the base oil for diesel engines.
Figure imgb0018

Beispiele 29 und 30: Analog zu Beispiel 28 werden im gleichen Basisöl die aus der Tabelle 5 ersichtlichen Additivkombinationen geprüft, wobei die Prüftemperatur variiert.

Figure imgb0019
Examples 29 and 30 : Analogously to Example 28, the additive combinations shown in Table 5 are tested in the same base oil, the test temperature varying.
Figure imgb0019

Claims (14)

  1. A composition comprising
    a) a lubricant or a hydraulic fluid,
    b) at least one compound of the general formula I
    Figure imgb0025
    wherein R₁ and R₂ are each independently of the other C₁-C₂₄alkyl, unsubstituted or C₁-C₁₂alkyl-substituted phenyl or unsubstituted or C₁-C₄alkyl-substituted C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together are a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group, and X₁ is sulfur or oxygen; and
    c) at least one compound of the general formula II, III or IV or a mixture of such compounds and/or at least one compound of the general formula V,
    Figure imgb0026
    Figure imgb0027
    wherein R₃ is C₁-C₁₈alkyl, C₇-C₉phenylalkyl, C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl, phenyl, C₇-C₁₈alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
    R₄ is phenyl, C₇-C₁₈alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈alkoxyphenyl or naphthyl,
    R₅ is hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂alkyl, benzyl, allyl, methallyl, phenyl or a group -CH₂SR₆,
    R₆ is C₄-C₁₈alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈alkyl) or -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈alkyl),
    R₇ and R₈ are each independently of the other hydrogen, C₁-C₁₈alkyl or benzyl, and
    R₈' is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₂alkyl or, together with R₈, forms a butadienediyl radical,
    R₉ and R₁₀are each independently of the other C₁-C₁₈alkyl, phenyl or benzyl, or R₉ and R₁₀, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a C₅-C₁₂spirocycloalkyl ring,
    R₁₁ is hydrogen or C₁-C₁₈alkyl, and
    R₁₂ is C₁-C₁₈alkyl, or
    R₁₁ and R₁₂, together with both carbon atoms to which they are attached, are a C₅-C₁₂cycloaliphatic radical,
    R₁₃ is H, C₁-C₁₈alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈alkyl) or -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈alkyl),
    R₁₄ and R₁₅ are each independently of the other H, C₁-C₁₈alkyl or C₇-C₉phenylalkyl,
    X₂, X₃ and X₄ are each independently of the other oxygen or sulfur; or X₄ is
    Figure imgb0028
    or
    Figure imgb0029
    wherein r = 1 or 2 and R₁₇ is H or -CH₃;
    R₁₆ is C₁-C₂₄alkyl or C₂-C₁₂alkyl which is interrupted by -O-, -S- and/or -C(O)O-; unsubstituted or C₁-C₁₂alkyl-substituted phenyl; C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl or C₁-C₄alkyl-substituted C₅-C₁₂cycloalkyl; or C₇-C₁₃aralkyl or C₇-C₁₃aralkyl which is interrupted in the alkyl moiety by -O- or -S-, a is the number 1 or 2, with the proviso that, if a is 2, the radicals R₁₆ are identical or different or two radicals R₁₆ together form a dimethylene or trimethylene group or a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by at least one C₁-C₄alkyl group;
    and wherein M is an alkali metal cation, with the proviso that, if a is 1, two different radicals M are possible.
  2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein X₁ is sulfur.
  3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein R₁ and R₂ are each independently of the other C₁-C₁₈alkyl, unsubstituted or C₁-C₁₂alkyl-substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or C₁-C₄alkyl-substituted C₅-C₆cycloalkyl, or R₁ and R₂ together are a dimethylene or trimethylene group or a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by C₁-C₄alkyl.
  4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein R₁ and R₂ are each independently of the other C₃-C₁₂alkyl, C₁-C₁₂alkyl-substituted phenyl or cyclohexyl, or R₁ and R₂ together are a dimethylene or trimethylene group which is substituted by C₁-C₄alkyl.
  5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein X₁ is sulfur and R₁ and R₂ are identical and are C₄-C₁₂alkyl, C₄-C₁₂alkyl-substituted phenyl or cyclohexyl.
  6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein c) is a compound of the formula II, wherein R₃ is C₁-C₄alkyl, C₇-C₉phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈alkylphenyl or naphthyl,
    R₄ is C₁₀-C₁₈alkylphenyl or phenyl,
    R₅ is hydrogen, C₁-C₈alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH₂SR₆,
    R₆ is C₈-C₁₈alkyl or -CH₂COO(C₈-C₁₈alkyl).
  7. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the compound of the formula II is a technical mixture obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene and comprising
       1 to 5 % by weight of a) diphenylamine
       8 to 18 % by weight of b) 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine
       21 to 31 % by weight of c) one or more of the compounds
    i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine
    ii) 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine
    iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 20 to 31 % by weight of d) one or more of the compounds
    i) 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine
    ii) 2,2'- or 2,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
    iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 15 to 29 % by weight of e) the compound
    i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine or of the compounds
    i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and
    ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine.
  8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein c) is a compound of the formula III, wherein R₇ and R₈ are each independently of the other hydrogen or C₁-C₁₂alkyl, and R₈, is hydrogen or, together with R₈, forms a butadienediyl radical, and R₉ and R₁₀ are each independently of the other C₁-C₁₂alkyl, or R₉ and R₁₀, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a C₅-C₇spirocycloalkyl ring, and R₁₁ is hydrogen and R₁₂ is C₁-C₁₂alkyl, or R₁₁ and R₁₂, together with both carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a cyclohexane radical.
  9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein c) is a compound of the formula IV, wherein R₁₃ is hydrogen and R₁₄ and R₁₅ are each independently of the other hydrogen or C₄-C₁₂alkyl.
  10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein c) is a compound of the formula V, wherein X₂ is oxygen, X₃ is sulfur and X₄ is oxygen or sulfur.
  11. A composition according to claim 10, wherein R₁₆ is C₃-C₁₂alkyl or C₄-C₁₂alkyl-substituted phenyl, a is the number 2 and M is Li, Na or K.
  12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein b) is a compound of the formula 1, wherein R₁ and R₂ are each 2-ethylhexyl and X₁ is sulfur, and c) is a technical mixture obtained by reacting diphenylamine with diisobutylene and comprising
       1 to 5 % by weight of a) diphenylamine
       8 to 18 % by weight of b) 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine
       21 to 31 % by weight of c) one or more of the compounds
    i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine
    ii) 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine
    iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, 20 to 31 % by weight of d) one or more of the compounds
    i) 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine
    ii) 2,2'- or 2,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine
    iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine and 15 to 29 % by weight of e) the compound
    i) 4,4,-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine or of the compounds
    i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine and
    ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine.
  13. The use of at least one compound of the formula I according to claim 1 and of at least one compound of the formulae II, III, IV and/or V according to claim 1 as antioxidants in lubricants or hydraulic fluids.
  14. A method of stabilising a lubricant or hydraulic fluid against oxidative and/or thermal degradation, which comprises adding to the lubricant or hydraulic fluid at least one compound of the formula I according to claim 1 and at least one compound of the formulae II, III, IV and/or V according to claim 1.
EP91810770A 1990-10-08 1991-10-01 Lubricating composition Expired - Lifetime EP0480875B1 (en)

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US8466096B2 (en) 2007-04-26 2013-06-18 Afton Chemical Corporation 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane, 2-sulfide derivatives for use as anti-wear additives in lubricant compositions

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US4466895A (en) * 1983-06-27 1984-08-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Metal salts of lower dialkylphosphorodithioic acids
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