EP0471757A1 - PERMEABLE MgO NOZZLE. - Google Patents
PERMEABLE MgO NOZZLE.Info
- Publication number
- EP0471757A1 EP0471757A1 EP19900907721 EP90907721A EP0471757A1 EP 0471757 A1 EP0471757 A1 EP 0471757A1 EP 19900907721 EP19900907721 EP 19900907721 EP 90907721 A EP90907721 A EP 90907721A EP 0471757 A1 EP0471757 A1 EP 0471757A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- housing
- channels
- nozzle body
- mesh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to ccarponents for foundry and steel mill applications, and more particularly to subanerged nozzles typically found in ladles and tundishes used for teeming molten metals.
- Ladles and tundishes used for teeming molten steel require an outlet or outlets at the bottom thereof to direct the flow of the molten metal into a subsequent stage, e.g. a tundish, inner mold, or continuous casting molds.
- Ihese outlets are typically formed by .special nozzles made of refractory material having good corrosion resistance.
- Control of the casting rates of the molten metal is generally carried out by means for either a stopper rod assembly or a slide gate system, both of which include similar refractory materials.
- Conventional nozzles are typically alumina-silica, chrome-alumina, alumrina-graphite or zirconia-graphite refractories.
- a problem with such materials is that they have an affinity for inpurities in steel, especially in aluminum killed steels.
- deposits are apt to chemically and/or mechanically attach to the inner bore surface of the nozzles and form deposits thereon. These deposits build-up to a point where they restrict flew, and s ⁇ netimes block the orifice to such a degree that flow stops.
- Permeable nozzles In an attempt to solve the blockage problems created by deposit build-ups, it has been known to use porous, gas permeable nozzles to introduce an inert gas into the bore.
- Permeable nozzles known heretofore generally include a refractory and a metal jacket or housing spaced therefrom, wherein an air space or manifold is defined therebetween. Gas is introduced into the space or manifold through a fitting in the metal jacket. Pressure builds up between the refractory and the jacket, until it reaches a pressure sufficient to overcome the resistance inherent in the permeable refractory, at which point the inert gas flows through the refractory into the nozzle bore.
- the introduction of the inert gas creates a gas film along the inner surface of the bore to retard deposit build-up.
- inert gas creates a positive pressure which prevents introduction of air into the molten metal. This prevents oxidation of the metal.
- these devices are not capable of directing greater gas flow to specific locations in the bore where the build-up of deposits is most prevelant.
- maintaining an inert gas film on the bore of the nozzle increases nozzle life by retarding the build-tip of deposits thereon, it does not completely eliminate the chemical and/or mechanical attraction between conventional nozzle refractory material and the impurities in the molten steel.
- magnesium oxide MgO
- MgO magnesium oxide
- its disfavor may be due to a perceived tendency to cracking.
- the present invention overccmnes these and other problems and provides a nozzle for teeming molten steel having a substantially reduced affinity for alumina and other impurities within the molten metal, which nozzle is porous and has a high degree of gas permeability and which provides greater gas flow to specific areas within the nozzle.
- an immersion nozzle for continuous metal casting which includes an elongated nozzle body formed from a porous, gas permeable refractory material.
- the nozzle body has a conduit extending longitudinally therethrough and an inner surface which defines the conduit.
- the nozzle body also includes an outer surface defining a predetermined body profile, and channel means formed along the nozzle body.
- a metallic housing encases the nozzle body.
- the housing has an inner surface dimensioned to substantially conform to the profile of the nozzle body.
- Means for securing the housing to the nozzle body are provided, which means for securing forms a rigid, relatively air-tight layer between the housing and the nozzle body, wherein the channel means form internal passages within the nozzle.
- Port means are provided on the housing in registry with the channel means in the nozzle body.
- the port means are connectable to a source of inert gas, which is operable to force the gas into the passages and into said porous refractory material.
- the elongated nozzle body is preferably formed of a mixture of magnesium oxide (MgO) particles of several different grain sizes, wherein the nozzle body has a "fine open porosity".
- Fine open porosity meaning that the passages or interstices between the magnesium oxide (MgO) particles are relatively snail such that inert gas passing tiir ⁇ ugh the nozzle body provides a uniform layer of microscopic gas bubbles along the inner surface of the nozzle bore.
- the fine porosity also requires a greater back pressure to force the inert gas through the small passages and interstices between the magnesium oxide (MgO) particles.
- this relatively-high back pressure also assists in maintaining a uniform, relatively thick layer of inert gas along the inner surface of the nozzle bore thereby deterring contact between the molten metal and the conduit surface.
- This uniform layer of inert gas together with the use of magnesium oxide (MgO) which has no affinity for alumina build-up and is generally mere inert to other impurities and alloying agents found in molten steel, produces an immersion nozzle which is less susceptible to deposit build-up along the inner surface thereof.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- the present invention provides means for directing the flew of the inert gas into the nozzle bore or conduit to areas in which impurity build-up would be most severe.
- channel means comprised of annular channels or grooves are formed in the outer surface of the nozzle body. Each channel is preferably located adjacent a site within the nozzle bore where impurity build-up is most severe, thereby providing a pressurized source of inert gas immediately adjacent a bore site susceptible to deposit build-ups. It has been found that with such an arrangement, increase flow of the inert gas occurs throtigh the nozzle wall adjacent the channel. Thus, with the present invention. increased flow of the inert gas may be directed to .specific locations within the nozzle bore by selective positioning of the channels along the outer surface of the nozzle body.
- the metal housing of the present invention is secured directly to the nozzle body.
- This direct attachment provides several advantages.
- the housing acts as a barrier or seal to prevent the inert gas from escaping outside the surface of the nozzle body, thereby confining and directing the gas flow through the wall of the refractory nozzle toward the conduit therein.
- the housing serves as a reinforcing sleeve to hold the refractory nozzle body together, preventing the opening of any thermctl-shock cracks which would allow steel to penetrate into the nozzle.
- the present invention therefore allows the use of materials such magnesium oxide (MgO) which have a tendency, or perceived tendency, for cracking.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- the direct housing-to-refractory nozzle arrangement facilitates the increased back-pressure requirements created fcy the fine open nozzle porosity preferred in the present invention.
- Conventionally known permeable nozzles having manifold (spacing) designs would be subjected to intrinsically higher hoop stresses which can cause the manifold jacket to rupture.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a nozzle as described above wherein the nozzle has a substantially reduced affinity for alumina, impurities or alloying agents in molten steel.
- a still further aspect of the present invention is to provide a nozzle as defined above wherein the nozzle is gas permeable and has a uniform and high degree of porosity.
- a still further aspect of the present invention is to provide a nozzle as described above wherein inert gas flew therethrough may be directed to areas of the nozzle bore which are more susceptible to the formation of deposits thereon.
- a still further aspect of the present invention is to provide a nozzle as described above wherein the nozzle is made primarily of magnesium oxide (MgO).
- MgO magnesium oxide
- a still further aspect of the present invention is to provide a nozzle as described above which is less susceptible to cracking.
- a still further aspect of the present invention is the provision of a method of forming a gas permeable component of magnesium oxide (MgO) for use in foundry and steel mill applications for teeming molten steel.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- FIG. 1 is a partially-sectioned, perspective view of a permeable tundish nozzle illustrating an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a nozzle 10 for use in a tundish for teeming molten metal.
- Nozzle 10 is generally comprised of a core 12 of porous refractory material surrounded by a housing 14.
- core 12 is generally cylindrical in shape and has an outer surface 16 and an elongated bore or opening 18 extending longitudinally therethrough along the axis thereof. Bore or opening 18 defines an inner surface 20.
- opening 18 is generally cylindrical in shape and includes a conical or flared portion 22 at the upper end of core 12. Conical portion 22 is provided to facilitate passage of the molten metal through opening 18.
- the cuter surface 16 of core 12 is provided with a plurality of axially-spaced, annular channels or grooves 24, 26 and 28 which extend about the periphery of core 12.
- a slightly larger vertical channel 30 connects channels 24, 26 and 28 to each other.
- the position of channels 24, 26 and 28 may vary depending upon the size, configuration and function of the nozzle itself, as will be better understood from the description of the operation of the invention set forth below.
- core 12 is comprised of magnesium oxide (MgO) particles.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- a chemical analysis of a nozzle according to the present invention manufactured from sea-water produced magnesium oxide (MgO) would be:
- the magnesium oxide (MgO) particles forming core 12 may be from naturally occurring material, or may be either fused or brine produced.
- nozzle core 12 is cra ⁇ prised of a combination of magnesium oxide (MgO) particles of several different sizes.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- the magnesium oxide (MgO) particles are thoroughly blended, then mixed with sufficient organic binder and/or water to retain a fixed shape after forming.
- the forming operation may be air-ramming, vibrationcasting, mechanical or isostatic pressing or other means well known to those skilled in the art of refractory fabrication.
- the formed article is then dried or cured and subsequently fired to a teitperature sufficiently high to sinter the magnesium oxide particles together to produce a strong shape.
- the drying and firing is also accomplished by conventionally known methods.
- core 12 may be machined or shaped to a desired dimension or shape. Channels 24, 26, 28 and 30 may be molded into core 12 during the forming process, but according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, are machined into core 12 after firing.
- core 12 is 14&1/2 inches in length and has an outer diameter which varies from 7&3/16 inches in diameter at one end to 7& 7/16 inches in diameter at the other end. Bore or opening 18 is approximately 3 inches in diameter.
- core 12 are not critical to the present invention which can find advantageous application in numerous and varied sizes and shapes. It being understood that the overall shape of nozzle 10 and/or core 12 is determined by the particular casting machine or system with which it is to be used. As indicated by the dimensions set forth above, core 12 is slightly conical in shape, i.e. flaring outwardly slightly from top to bottom. This shape is provided to facilitate assembly or nozzle 10 as will be described below, but is not critical to the present invention.
- Housing 14 is generally cylindrical in shape and has an inner surface 32 dimensioned to closely match and conform to the outer profile of core 12.
- a threaded fitting 34 is provided on housing 14.
- An aperture 36 extends through fitting 34 and housing 14.
- Housing 14 and core 12 are preferably dimensioned such that a uniformed space or gap 38 of approximately .06 to .20 inches is defined therebetween.
- a thin, uniform layer of a cementitious refractory mortar 40 is provided in space or gap 38 to secure housing 14 to refractory core 12.
- a conventionally known air-drying itortar or a phosphoric-acid containing mortar may be used.
- Fitting 34 is positioned on housing 14 such that when housing 14 is secured to core 12, aperture 36 is aligned with one of channels 24, 26, 28 or 30.
- Housing 14 basically encases core 12 and together with mortar 40 structurally reinforces core 12 as will be discussed in more detail below. Housing 14 and mortar 40 also produce a seal around core 12 and over the open portion of channels 24, 26, 28 and 30. In other words, housing 14 and mortar 40 form a generally air-tight barrier over each channel as best seen in FIG. 3.
- housing 14 is formed from a low carbon steel and has a uniform wall thickness of .05 inches. Housing 14 is 14&1/2 inches in length and has an outer diameter which varies from 7&1/2 inches on one end to 7&3/4 inches on the other.
- nozzle 10 An important aspect of the present invention is the assembly of nozzle 10.
- the simplest method of assembling nozzle 12 would be to coat nozzle 12 with mortar and slide housing 14 thereover.
- a problem with such process is that due to the relatively small gap between housing 14 and core 12, movement of housing 14 over core 12 creates a large hydraulic pressure in mortar 40 which tends to force the mortar into the channels 24, 26, 28 and 30 formed in nozzle 12.
- An elongated, T-shaped member (not shown) may be inserted in channel 30 as a bridging member to prevent tape 42 from being forced into channel 30.
- core 12 and inner surface 32 of housing 14 are slightly conical, as set forth above and as best seen in FIG. 3. After the assembly is completed, and refractory mortar 40 has set, aperture 36 is cleared by machining any mortar 40 or tape 42 which would obstruct its c ⁇ mraunication with channels 24, 26, 28, and 30.
- nozzle 10 is adapted for use in a tundish to direct the flow of molten metal to a subsequent stage of operation in a steel making process.
- Nozzle 10 may include flanges or other locating surfaces to facilitate assembly in the tundish in a conventionally known fashion. It being understood that present invention is not limited to a specifically shaped or sized nozzle.
- Fitting 34 is adapted to be secured to a source of inert gas in a conventionally known fashion.
- the inert gas flews through fitting 34 into channel 24, and into channels 26, 28 via channel 30.
- MgO impermeable magnesium oxide
- gas flows through the core 12 into the nozzle opening or bore 18.
- the usual flow rate of the inert gas in a nozzle as described above is approximately 15 Standard Cubic Feet per Hour (SCFH) with back pressures of between 5 to 10 psi.
- the flow of the inert gas may be directed to a specific desired site within nozzle opening 18 by locating the channels 24, 26 and 28 in the outer surface of core 12 at location adjacent the desired sites.
- the nozzle may be designed (i.e. the channels may be positioned on core 12) to direct the flow of the inert gas to areas in which impurity build-ups within bore or opening 18 would be most severe, m other words, the specific location of channels 24, 26, 28 and 30 in core 12 allows for a high degree of control of the regions in opening 18 where it is desirable to have the greatest gas pressure.
- a nozzle according to the present invention has been shewn to provide increased operational life and substantially improve the erosion resistance. Moreover, such a nozzle shows a significant improvement against the build-up of alumina, titania and/or other deposits.
- the remarkable characteristics of the present invention are the result of several factors.
- the application of magnesium oxide in forming the core provides a core having no affinity for alumina or other impurities found in steel.
- the excellent porosity characteristics of the core, i.e. the fine-open porosity is believed to generate small, fine bubbles which maintain a minuscule gas gap between the molten metal and surface 20 of bore 18.
- the relatively high back pressure helps maintain a uniform layer of gas bubbles between the molten metal and surface of the refractory.
- housing 14 holds the magnesium oxide (MgO) refractory material together much like a reinforcing band, thus preventing the opening of any cracks which may be produced in the refractory material as a result of thermal shock.
- MgO magnesium oxide
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34639789A | 1989-05-01 | 1989-05-01 | |
US346397 | 1989-05-01 | ||
PCT/US1990/002331 WO1990013379A1 (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1990-04-30 | PERMEABLE MgO NOZZLE |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0471757A1 true EP0471757A1 (en) | 1992-02-26 |
EP0471757A4 EP0471757A4 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
EP0471757B1 EP0471757B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
Family
ID=23359187
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90907721A Expired - Lifetime EP0471757B1 (en) | 1989-05-01 | 1990-04-30 | PERMEABLE MgO NOZZLE |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0471757B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04507377A (en) |
KR (1) | KR920702644A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE150348T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5661690A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2063994C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69030256T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0471757T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2101697T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2070474C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990013379A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9222453D0 (en) * | 1992-10-26 | 1992-12-09 | Shaw Richard D | Improved device for use in continuous casting |
FI121008B (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2010-06-15 | Metso Paper Inc | Method of rolling change in rolling process of fibrous web and roller changing device |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2157210A (en) * | 1984-04-03 | 1985-10-23 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory immersion nozzles |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4360190A (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1982-11-23 | Junichi Ato | Porous nozzle for molten metal vessel |
JPS57199550A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1982-12-07 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | Nozzle for casting |
JPS5945066A (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Immersion nozzle for continuous casting |
WO1984002670A1 (en) * | 1983-01-03 | 1984-07-19 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | Flow control nozzle for continuous casting |
EP0145715A1 (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1985-06-26 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Continuous casting apparatus and a method of using the same |
US4588112A (en) * | 1984-02-06 | 1986-05-13 | Akechi Ceramics Kabushiki Kaisha | Nozzle for continuous casting |
JPS61206548A (en) * | 1985-03-09 | 1986-09-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Porous mold for continuous casting |
JPH0224510Y2 (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1990-07-05 | ||
JPH07227B2 (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1995-01-11 | 黒崎窯業株式会社 | Immersion nozzle and manufacturing method thereof |
US4898226A (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1990-02-06 | Nkk Corporation | Immersion nozzle for continuous casting of steel |
-
1990
- 1990-04-30 AU AU56616/90A patent/AU5661690A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-30 JP JP2507798A patent/JPH04507377A/en active Pending
- 1990-04-30 DK DK90907721.6T patent/DK0471757T3/en active
- 1990-04-30 DE DE69030256T patent/DE69030256T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-30 CA CA002063994A patent/CA2063994C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-30 RU SU905010455A patent/RU2070474C1/en active
- 1990-04-30 EP EP90907721A patent/EP0471757B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-30 AT AT90907721T patent/ATE150348T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-30 WO PCT/US1990/002331 patent/WO1990013379A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-04-30 ES ES90907721T patent/ES2101697T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-30 KR KR1019910701975A patent/KR920702644A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2157210A (en) * | 1984-04-03 | 1985-10-23 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory immersion nozzles |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO9013379A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990013379A1 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
DE69030256T2 (en) | 1997-10-23 |
AU5661690A (en) | 1990-11-29 |
ES2101697T3 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
CA2063994A1 (en) | 1990-11-02 |
JPH04507377A (en) | 1992-12-24 |
DE69030256D1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
EP0471757B1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
DK0471757T3 (en) | 1997-09-22 |
EP0471757A4 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
CA2063994C (en) | 2001-06-12 |
KR920702644A (en) | 1992-10-06 |
ATE150348T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
RU2070474C1 (en) | 1996-12-20 |
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