EP0469332B1 - Method for changing valve timing in an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for changing valve timing in an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0469332B1
EP0469332B1 EP91111198A EP91111198A EP0469332B1 EP 0469332 B1 EP0469332 B1 EP 0469332B1 EP 91111198 A EP91111198 A EP 91111198A EP 91111198 A EP91111198 A EP 91111198A EP 0469332 B1 EP0469332 B1 EP 0469332B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camshaft
bore
valve
oil
combustion engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91111198A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0469332A1 (en
Inventor
Imre Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Szodfridt
Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Ampferer
Willi Schultz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Original Assignee
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0469332A1 publication Critical patent/EP0469332A1/en
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Publication of EP0469332B1 publication Critical patent/EP0469332B1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/34403Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using helically teethed sleeve or gear moving axially between crankshaft and camshaft
    • F01L1/34406Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using helically teethed sleeve or gear moving axially between crankshaft and camshaft the helically teethed sleeve being located in the camshaft driving pulley
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/10Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries
    • F01M9/102Lubrication of valve gear or auxiliaries of camshaft bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0475Hollow camshafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts
    • F01L1/053Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L2001/0537Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426Oil control valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L2001/34486Location and number of the means for changing the angular relationship
    • F01L2001/34496Two phasers on different camshafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/18DOHC [Double overhead camshaft]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • One possibility of changing the valve timing during the operation of the internal combustion engine is to preferably rotate the position of the intake camshaft in relation to the crankshaft driving it with the aid of a so-called phase converter.
  • a coupling member is axially displaced, which is arranged coaxially between the wheel driving the camshaft and the camshaft. It has two toothings, at least one of which is helically toothed, which each cooperate with a corresponding toothing on the camshaft or in the wheel, such as. B. is known from EP-0 335 083.
  • EP-0 245 791 discloses a phase converter whose coupling member is displaced from a first to a second end position and vice versa by means of a piston which is hydraulically acted upon on both sides.
  • the piston is surrounded by an annular space divided into two control chambers, the control chambers interacting with a control valve via oil-carrying bores.
  • this valve controls a pressure oil flow into one of the two control chambers in order to move the piston from one end position to the other, on the other hand it opens the oil return from the second, unpressurized control chamber into a tank.
  • This phase converter takes up additional installation space in the axial direction of the camshaft, since the displacement path of the piston is arranged completely outside the camshaft.
  • a phase converter is known from EP 0 335 083 already mentioned, in which the oil flows are controlled by a control element which is arranged in a flange shaft screwed onto the camshaft.
  • This control element is axially displaced by an electromagnet and leads the oil flows to and from the control chambers in an analogous manner to the EP-0 245 791 mentioned.
  • Flange shaft and electromagnet extend the camshaft and require additional installation space. Furthermore, this phase converter is complicated and expensive to manufacture.
  • a device for automatically controlled change of the valve timing of an internal combustion engine with at least one camshaft that can be rotated relative to a shaft (crankshaft) that drives it as a function of parameters of the internal combustion engine, and one that drives the camshaft , a first toothing wheel, which acts via a coupling element which is acted on as a hydraulic piston on both sides by an oil circuit and is axially displaceable in at least two end positions and acts on a second toothing which is connected to the camshaft via a hollow shaft, and with two chambers adjoining the coupling element , whose filling and emptying is controlled by at least one shut-off device, wherein in one end of the camshaft a cylindrical body (tube) in an axially extending, cylindrical recess separates an annular outer space, which in a first position of the para perrorgans (changeover valve) connects the first chamber for filling with a first bore of the camshaft connected
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for changing the valve timing of an internal combustion engine, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages and takes up as little space as possible and is simple in construction.
  • the invention enables a compact construction of the phase converter and a simple design of the drive end of the camshaft. This is achieved by releasing the shut-off device controlling the supply and removal of oil from the phase converter or the camshaft.
  • the shut-off device can be located at any point on the internal combustion engine, e.g. be arranged in the cylinder head and is also operated hydraulically.
  • a tube is held in an easy to manufacture, stepped, axially extending recess of the camshaft, which separates two spaces from one another, which, depending on the position of the shut-off device, enable the supply or the discharge of oil into the camshaft or the phase converter.
  • the spaces are connected to radial bores of the camshaft, which in turn interact with lines which open into annular spaces of the shut-off element designed as a changeover valve.
  • the radial bores can be arranged at any point on the camshaft.
  • the phase converter only slightly protrudes from the drive end of the camshaft and can be assembled as a complete unit. Shouldn't Phase converter are installed, the camshaft can still be used by attaching a modified sprocket.
  • the camshaft which is usually made of a hard material, does not require any toothing or thread.
  • the device requires only a small amount of oil, since only the oil displaced from the chambers adjoining the pistons has to be renewed for moving the piston from a first to a second end position.
  • the emptying of the chambers after the internal combustion engine has been switched off is avoided in that oil-carrying lines are designed as risers which prevent oil from flowing back.
  • the actuation circuit for changing the valve timing is part of the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine.
  • the lubrication circuit for the camshafts is connected to this actuation circuit in such a way that lubrication is retained in the event of failure of the phase converter or the shut-off device.
  • each of the two camshafts 1 serving as the inlet is a phase converter 2 at the drive end 3 assigned.
  • Each camshaft 1 is held in a plurality of bearings 4 which are connected to a lubrication circuit 5.
  • the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine comprises the lubrication circuit 5, an actuation circuit for adjusting the phase converter 2 and a lubrication circuit of the crankshaft 6.
  • a pump 8 conveys oil from a reservoir 9 through a filter 10.
  • a branch 11 leads to a switching valve 12, to the crankshaft 6 of the internal combustion engine and via an oil-supplying channel 14 to a switching valve 15 arranged parallel to this channel 14, as well as a downstream pressure reducing valve 16.
  • a pressure relief valve 17 is connected between the filter 10 and the crankshaft 6 and limits the oil pressure supplied by the pump 8 to a maximum pressure PM.
  • the lubrication circuit 5 branches off from the pressure reducing valve 16 and pressurizes the bearings 4 with a pressure P1 that is lower than the pressure PM.
  • the changeover valve 15 has integrated check valves 18, via which the channel 14 can be coupled to the phase converters 2.
  • a first and a second line 19 and 20 each lead from the changeover valve 15 to a separate bearing point 21 of the camshafts 1.
  • the phase converter 2 is essentially made up of the three commonly used elements, which mesh with one another via toothings. Firstly, from a wheel 31, which serves to drive the camshaft 1 and is designed as a chain wheel 30, into which an inner hub 32, which carries a first oblique toothing 33, is welded. The wheel 31 is connected via the first toothing 33 to a coupling member designed as a hydraulically loaded piston 34, which is axially displaceable in two end positions E1, E2 with respect to the axis N running longitudinally and centrally in the camshaft 1.
  • the piston 34 carries a second, oblique toothing 35 which engages in a corresponding toothing of a hollow shaft 36 which is connected to a flange 37 of the camshaft 1.
  • a cap 38 is pressed into the inner hub 32.
  • the piston 34 divides a volume enclosed between the flange 37 and the hollow shaft 36 into a first chamber 40 and a second chamber 41 1 and 2, the piston 34 is in a first end position E1, which is assumed when the internal combustion engine is operating in a first operating state, for example idling.
  • 1 shows a first embodiment
  • 1a shows the first embodiment with a modified camshaft 1 below the axis N.
  • a cylindrical, stepped recess 42 is provided, which extends from the end 3 in a rotationally symmetrical manner to the axis N. It has a first diameter D1 from the end 3 to immediately behind the first bore 23, then a second, smaller diameter D2 between the bores 23, 24 and from there to a further smaller diameter D3 until immediately behind the second bore 24.
  • a tube 43 is held as a cylindrical body, which is widened radially at the end 3 to the diameter D1 and otherwise has the diameter D2.
  • the tube 43 thus separates an annular outer space 44 within the recess 42, into which the first bore 23 opens and which is connected at the end 3 to the first chamber 40 via an almost radially extending connecting bore 45.
  • the second bore 24 intersects the recess 42 in the area of the diameter D3 and is connected to the interior 46 running within the tube 43.
  • a built, hollow camshaft 1 is shown, in which a bushing 47 is inserted.
  • the tube 43 extends in a straight line in the recess 42 and is held at the end 3 in a collar 50 of the separately formed flange 37, which is inserted into the camshaft 1 with a sleeve 51, and in the bushing 47.
  • the second bore 24 runs partially in the bush 47 and is in turn connected to the interior 46.
  • the outer space 44 formed between the tube 43 and the sleeve 51 or the recess 42 connects the first bore 23 to the first chamber 40.
  • the chain wheel 30 is axially fixed on the hollow shaft 36 by means of a prestressed spring ring 52. It is half in a semicircular groove 53 of the sprocket 30 and the other half in a recess 54 of the hollow shaft 36, the Depth is at least twice as large as that of the groove 53.
  • the spring ring 52 is accessible via a plurality of mounting openings 55. During assembly, the spring ring 52 is placed in the recess 54, in which it is half immersed due to its pretension.
  • the sprocket 30 is then pushed onto the hollow shaft 36, a molded bevel 56 completely pressing the spring ring 52 into the recess 54 before it lies halfway into this groove 53 when the recess 54 and groove 53 overlap.
  • the phase converter 2 is then attached as a structural unit to the flange 37 by means of screw connections 60.
  • the chain wheel 30 is axially secured to the hollow shaft 36 by means of screws 61.
  • These screws 61 are screwed into the thread of the hollow shaft 36 and are slidably guided in the oblong holes 63 of the chain wheel 30 by means of guide sleeves 62.
  • a small axial play A remains between the guide sleeve 62 and the wheel 31.
  • the phase converter 2 is held with screw connections 60 in elongated holes 64 of the flange 37 by means of crimp sleeves 65.
  • the elongated holes 64 allow the phase converter 2 to be installed in the correct position, regardless of the position of the camshaft 1 which is secured against rotation for the installation.
  • FIG. 2a The modification shown in FIG. 2a is identical to that of the first embodiment according to FIG. 1a.
  • the camshaft 1 is constructed from individual parts; the flange 37 is inserted separately and the recess 42 is axially delimited by a bushing 47.
  • the pump 8 delivers oil from the reservoir 9 through the filter 10 to the branching 11.
  • the switching valve 12 is switched on or off by an electronic control unit 70 depending on the parameters load and speed of the internal combustion engine. In the switched-off state, no oil gets from the branch 11 via the switching valve 12 to the switching valve 15. This is spring-loaded in a first position S1, which corresponds to the end position E1 of the piston 34.
  • the oil conveyed with pressure through the channel 14 along the arrows shown opens the check valves 18 so that the oil flows via first annular spaces 71 into the first lines 19 and from there into the first bores 23.
  • the pressure acts from the bore 23 through the outer space 44 and the connecting bore 45 to the first chamber 40 and holds the piston 34 in its first end position E1.
  • the control unit 70 switches the switching valve 12 on, so that oil flows from the branching 11 via the switching valve 12 to the switching valve 15 and shifts it into a second position S2, which corresponds to the end position E2 of the piston 34 corresponds.
  • the oil flowing into the second annular spaces 72 via the check valves 18 now reaches the second bores 24 via the second lines 20. From there, the pressure acts on the second chamber 41 through the interior 46.
  • the oil flows out of the open end of the tube 43 into a cavity 74 formed by a radial flange 73 and the cap 38 and from there via openings 75 in the piston 34 into the second chamber 41.
  • This piston 34 is axially displaced into the second end position E2, the two oblique teeth 33, 35 the sprocket 30 is rotated relative to the camshaft 1. Rotational displacements occur in the phase converters 2 between the components bordering on sliding surfaces F.
  • the oil volume displaced from the first chamber 40 during the displacement from the end position E1 to the end position E2 passes via the connecting bore 45, the outer space 44 and the first bore 23 into the annular channel 22 and from there via the first line 19.
  • the pump 8 When the internal combustion engine is operating at low speeds, the pump 8 does not deliver a maximum pressure PM. If it is nevertheless necessary to move the piston 34, the check valves 18 act batch filling of the annular spaces 71, 72. As a result, the piston 34 is shifted in stages from one end position to the other.
  • each camshaft 1 can each be assigned their own actuation circuit.
  • Each camshaft 1 is assigned a channel 14, a changeover valve 15 with a check valve 18 and a pressure reducing valve 16.
  • no separate bearing point 21 is required to ensure the supply and discharge of oil into the camshaft 1.
  • the radial first and second bores 23, 24 are arranged at locations on the camshaft 1 which are supported in the bearings 4.
  • the bearings 4 are each designed as an upper and lower half 4a, 4b in an upper part 80 and a lower part 81 of a bearing frame 82 for camshafts.
  • Channels 83, 84 run in the upper part 80 as part of the lubrication circuit 5. From the channel 83 located downstream of the pressure reducing valve 16 and parallel to the axis N in the upper part 80, channels 84 branch off at right angles in a transverse plane Q to each bearing 4.
  • Bores 85 receive screw connections 86 for fastening the upper part 80 to the lower part 81.
  • the channels 84 are guided in a ring around the bores 85 lying between the axis N and the channel 83, so that the oil with the pressure P1 adjacent to the transverse plane Q supplies the bearing 4 in its upper half 4a via two lubrication openings 87.
  • the supply of the outer space 44 and the inner space 46 takes place in an analogous manner to the first two embodiments of the invention, but the line 19 leading to the first bore 23 is arranged in a first bearing 4 and the line 20 leading to the second bore 24 is arranged in a second, adjacent to the first bearing 4.
  • the lower halves 4b each have a groove 88 which, according to FIG.
  • the bearing frame 82 is fastened on the side of a cylinder head 89 facing away from the combustion chambers, in which part of the lines 19, 20 of the actuation circuit are arranged.
  • the parts of the lubrication circuit 5 and the actuation circuit arranged in a bearing 4 and thus also the different oil pressures P1, PM are separated from one another.
  • the camshaft 1 can be used in the modified form according to FIGS. 1a and 2a.
  • the length of the bushing 47 is designed in accordance with the distance between two adjacent bearings 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, die Ventilsteuerzeiten einer Brennkraftmaschine ihrer Drehzahl anzupassen, um sie in einem möglichst breiten Drehzahlbereich optimal betreiben zu können. Hierdurch können Drehmoment, Leistung, Abgasemission, Leerlaufverhalten und Kraftstoffverbrauch verbessert werden.It is known to adapt the valve timing of an internal combustion engine to its speed in order to be able to operate it optimally in the widest possible speed range. This can improve torque, power, exhaust emissions, idling behavior and fuel consumption.

Eine Möglichkeit, die Ventilsteuerzeiten während des Betriebes der Brennkraftmaschine zu verändern, besteht darin, vorzugsweise die Einlaßnockenwelle in ihrer Lage relativ zu der sie antreibenden Kurbelwelle mit Hilfe eines sogenannten Phasenwandlers zu verdrehen. Dabei wird öldruckabhängig ein Koppelglied axial verschoben, welches koaxial zwischen dem die Nockenwelle antreibenden Rad und der Nockenwelle angeordnet ist. Es trägt zwei Verzahnungen, von denen mindestens eine schräg verzahnt ist, die mit je einer korrespondierenden Verzahnung auf der Nockenwelle bzw. in dem Rad zusammenwirken, wie z. B. aus der EP- 0 335 083 bekannt.One possibility of changing the valve timing during the operation of the internal combustion engine is to preferably rotate the position of the intake camshaft in relation to the crankshaft driving it with the aid of a so-called phase converter. Depending on the oil pressure, a coupling member is axially displaced, which is arranged coaxially between the wheel driving the camshaft and the camshaft. It has two toothings, at least one of which is helically toothed, which each cooperate with a corresponding toothing on the camshaft or in the wheel, such as. B. is known from EP-0 335 083.

In der EP- 0 245 791 ist ein Phasenwandler offenbart, dessen Koppelglied mittels eines beidseitig hydraulisch beaufschlagten Kolbens von einer ersten in eine zweite Endlage und umgekehrt verschoben wird. Der Kolben ist von einem in zwei Steuerkammern geteilten Ringraum umgeben, wobei die Steuerkammern über ölführende Bohrungen mit einem Steuerventil zusammenwirken. Dieses Ventil steuert einerseits einen Druckölstrom in eine der beiden Steuerkammern, um den Kolben von der einen in die andere Endstellung zu verschieben, andererseits öffnet es den Ölrücklauf von der zweiten, drucklosen Steuerkammer in einen Tank. Dieser Phasenwandler beansprucht in axialer Richtung der Nockenwelle zusätzlichen Bauraum, da der Verstellweg des Kolbens völlig außerhalb der Nockenwelle angeordnet ist.EP-0 245 791 discloses a phase converter whose coupling member is displaced from a first to a second end position and vice versa by means of a piston which is hydraulically acted upon on both sides. The piston is surrounded by an annular space divided into two control chambers, the control chambers interacting with a control valve via oil-carrying bores. On the one hand, this valve controls a pressure oil flow into one of the two control chambers in order to move the piston from one end position to the other, on the other hand it opens the oil return from the second, unpressurized control chamber into a tank. This phase converter takes up additional installation space in the axial direction of the camshaft, since the displacement path of the piston is arranged completely outside the camshaft.

Aus der bereits genannten EP- 0 335 083 ist ein Phasenwandler bekannt, in dem die Steuerung der Ölströme durch ein Steuerelement erfolgt, welches in einer an die Nockenwelle angeschraubten Flanschwelle angeordnet ist. Dieses Steuerelement wird durch einen Elektromagneten axial verschoben und führt die Ölströme zu und von den Steuerkammern in analoger Weise zur genannten EP- 0 245 791. Flanschwelle und Elektromagnet verlängern die Nockenwelle und benötigen zusätzlichen Bauraum. Weiterhin ist dieser Phasenwandler kompliziert und aufwendig zu fertigen.A phase converter is known from EP 0 335 083 already mentioned, in which the oil flows are controlled by a control element which is arranged in a flange shaft screwed onto the camshaft. This control element is axially displaced by an electromagnet and leads the oil flows to and from the control chambers in an analogous manner to the EP-0 245 791 mentioned. Flange shaft and electromagnet extend the camshaft and require additional installation space. Furthermore, this phase converter is complicated and expensive to manufacture.

Aus der gattungsgemäßen EP-0 361 980 A 1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur selbsttätig gesteuerten Änderung der Ventilsteuerzeiten einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, mit mindestens einer relativ zu einer sie antreibenden Welle (Kurbelwelle) in Abhängigkeit von Parametern der Brennkraftmaschine verdrehbaren Nockenwelle, und mit einem die Nockenwelle antreibenden, eine erste Verzahnung tragenden Rad, welches über ein aus einem Ölkreislauf beidseitig beaufschlagtes, axial mindestens in zwei Endlagen verschiebbares, als hydraulischer Kolben ausgebildetes Koppelglied auf eine zweite, mit der Nockenwelle über eine Hohlwelle verbundene Verzahnung wirkt, und mit zwei an das Koppelglied grenzenden Kammern, deren Befüllen und Entleeren von mindestens einem Absperrorgan gesteuert wird, wobei in einem Ende der Nockenwelle ein zylindrischer Körper (Rohr) in einer sich axial erstreckenden, zylindrischen Ausnehmung einen kreisringförmigen Außenraum abtrennt, der ein in einer ersten Stellung des Absperrorgans (Umschaltventil) die erste Kammer zum Befüllen mit einer ersten, an den Ölkreislauf angeschlossenen Bohrung der Nockenwelle verbindet.From EP-0 361 980 A 1 of the generic type, a device for automatically controlled change of the valve timing of an internal combustion engine is known, with at least one camshaft that can be rotated relative to a shaft (crankshaft) that drives it as a function of parameters of the internal combustion engine, and one that drives the camshaft , a first toothing wheel, which acts via a coupling element which is acted on as a hydraulic piston on both sides by an oil circuit and is axially displaceable in at least two end positions and acts on a second toothing which is connected to the camshaft via a hollow shaft, and with two chambers adjoining the coupling element , whose filling and emptying is controlled by at least one shut-off device, wherein in one end of the camshaft a cylindrical body (tube) in an axially extending, cylindrical recess separates an annular outer space, which in a first position of the para perrorgans (changeover valve) connects the first chamber for filling with a first bore of the camshaft connected to the oil circuit.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Änderung der Ventilsteuerzeiten einer Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen, die die vorgenannten Nachteile vermeidet und einen möglichst geringen Bauraum beansprucht sowie von einfachem Aufbau ist.The invention has for its object to provide a device for changing the valve timing of an internal combustion engine, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages and takes up as little space as possible and is simple in construction.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Weitere, die Erfindung vorteilhaft ausgestaltende Merkmale sind in den Unteransprüchen benannt.This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. Further features which advantageously design the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen kompakten Aufbau des Phasenwandlers und eine einfache Gestaltung des antriebsseitigen Endes der Nockenwelle. Dieses wird erreicht durch das Herauslösen des die Zufuhr und die Abfuhr von Öl steuernden Absperrorganes aus dem Phasenwandler bzw. der Nockenwelle. Das Absperrorgan kann an beliebiger Stelle der Brennkraftmaschine, z.B. im Zylinderkopf angeordnet werden und wird ebenfalls hydraulisch betätigt.The invention enables a compact construction of the phase converter and a simple design of the drive end of the camshaft. This is achieved by releasing the shut-off device controlling the supply and removal of oil from the phase converter or the camshaft. The shut-off device can be located at any point on the internal combustion engine, e.g. be arranged in the cylinder head and is also operated hydraulically.

In einer einfach zu fertigenden, stufigen, axial verlaufenden Ausnehmung der Nockenwelle ist ein Rohr gehalten, welches zwei Räume voneinander trennt, die je nach Stellung des Absperrorganes der Zufuhr oder der Abfuhr von Öl in die Nockenwelle bzw. den Phasenwandler ermöglichen. Die Räume sind mit radialen Bohrungen der Nockenwelle verbunden, die ihrerseits mit Leitungen zusammenwirken, die in Ringräumen des als Umschaltventil ausgebildeten Absperrorganes münden.
Die radialen Bohrungen können an beliebiger Stelle der Nockenwelle angeordnet sein.
Der Phasenwandler überragt das antriebsseitige Ende der Nockenwelle nur geringfügig und ist als komplette Baueinheit montierbar. Soll kein Phasenwandler montiert werden, ist die Nockenwelle durch Befestigen eines geänderten Kettenrades weiterhin verwendbar.
Die üblicherweise aus einem harten Werkstoff gefertigte Nockenwelle benötigt keinerlei Verzahnung oder Gewinde.
Die Vorrichtung benötigt nur eine kleine Ölmenge, da lediglich das aus den an den Kolben grenzenden Kammern verdrängte Öl für das Verschieben des Kolbens aus einer ersten in eine zweite Endlage erneuert werden muß.
A tube is held in an easy to manufacture, stepped, axially extending recess of the camshaft, which separates two spaces from one another, which, depending on the position of the shut-off device, enable the supply or the discharge of oil into the camshaft or the phase converter. The spaces are connected to radial bores of the camshaft, which in turn interact with lines which open into annular spaces of the shut-off element designed as a changeover valve.
The radial bores can be arranged at any point on the camshaft.
The phase converter only slightly protrudes from the drive end of the camshaft and can be assembled as a complete unit. Shouldn't Phase converter are installed, the camshaft can still be used by attaching a modified sprocket.
The camshaft, which is usually made of a hard material, does not require any toothing or thread.
The device requires only a small amount of oil, since only the oil displaced from the chambers adjoining the pistons has to be renewed for moving the piston from a first to a second end position.

Das Entleeren der Kammern nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine ist dadurch vermieden, daß ölführende Leitungen als Steigleitungen ausgeführt sind, die einen Ölrückfluß verhindern.
Der Betätigungskreislauf für die Änderung der Ventilsteuerzeiten ist Teil des Ölkreislaufes der Brennkraftmaschine. An diesem Betätigungskreislauf ist der Schmierkreislauf für die Nockenwellen so angeschloßen, daß bei Ausfall des Phasenwandlers oder des Absperrorganes die Schmierung erhalten bleibt.
The emptying of the chambers after the internal combustion engine has been switched off is avoided in that oil-carrying lines are designed as risers which prevent oil from flowing back.
The actuation circuit for changing the valve timing is part of the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine. The lubrication circuit for the camshafts is connected to this actuation circuit in such a way that lubrication is retained in the event of failure of the phase converter or the shut-off device.

Die Erfindung wird beispielhaft anhand von Figuren im folgenden näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to figures below.

Es zeigt:

Fig.1
einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform,
Fig.1a
die erste Ausführungsform mit einer modifizierten Nockenwelle,
Fig.2
einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform,
Fig.2a
die zweite Ausführungsform mit einer modifizierten Nockenwelle gemäß Figur 1a,
Fig.3
schematisch einen Ölkreislauf der Vorrichtung mit einem Absperrorgan in einer ersten Stellung,
Fig.4
schematisch einen Ölkreislauf der Vorrichtung mit einem Absperrorgan in einer zweiten Stellung,
Fig.5
die Nockenwelle einer dritten Ausführungsform,
Fig.6
einen Querschnitt durch einen Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine mit der dritten Ausführungsform und
Fig.7
einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VII - VII gemäß Fig.6
It shows:
Fig. 1
3 shows a cross section through a first embodiment,
Fig.1a
the first embodiment with a modified camshaft,
Fig. 2
3 shows a cross section through a second embodiment,
Fig.2a
the second embodiment with a modified camshaft according to Figure 1a,
Fig. 3
schematically an oil circuit of the device with a shut-off element in a first position,
Fig. 4
schematically an oil circuit of the device with a shut-off element in a second position,
Fig. 5
the camshaft of a third embodiment,
Fig. 6
a cross section through a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with the third embodiment and
Fig. 7
a section along the line VII - VII of Figure 6

In einer in einem Kraftfahrzeug angeordneten, nicht näher gezeigten Brennkraftmaschine mit vier obenliegenden Nockenwellen ist jeder der beiden dem Einlaß dienenden Nockenwellen 1 ein Phasenwandler 2 am antriebsseitigen Ende 3 zugeordnet. Jede Nockenwelle 1 ist in mehreren Lagern 4 gehalten, die an einen Schmierkreislauf 5 angeschlossen sind. Der Ölkreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine umfaßt den Schmierkreislauf 5, einen Betätigungskreislauf zur Verstellung der Phasenwandler 2 und einen Schmierkreislauf der Kurbelwelle 6.
Eine Pumpe 8 fördert Öl aus einem Vorratsbehälter 9 durch ein Filter 10. Von dort aus führt eine Verzweigung 11 zu einem Schaltventil 12, zu der Kurbelwelle 6 der Brennkraftmaschine und über einen ölzuführenden Kanal 14 zu einem parallel zu diesem Kanal 14 angeordneten Umschaltventil 15 sowie einem stromab gelegenen Druckminderventil 16.
Zwischen Filter 10 und Kurbelwelle 6 ist ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 17 geschaltet, welches den von der Pumpe 8 gelieferten Öldruck auf einen maximalen Druck PM begrenzt.
Von dem Druckminderventil 16 zweigt der Schmierkreislauf 5 ab, der die Lager 4 mit einem Druck P1 beaufschlagt, der kleiner ist als der Druck PM.
In an internal combustion engine with four overhead camshafts, which is arranged in a motor vehicle and is not shown in detail, each of the two camshafts 1 serving as the inlet is a phase converter 2 at the drive end 3 assigned. Each camshaft 1 is held in a plurality of bearings 4 which are connected to a lubrication circuit 5. The oil circuit of the internal combustion engine comprises the lubrication circuit 5, an actuation circuit for adjusting the phase converter 2 and a lubrication circuit of the crankshaft 6.
A pump 8 conveys oil from a reservoir 9 through a filter 10. From there, a branch 11 leads to a switching valve 12, to the crankshaft 6 of the internal combustion engine and via an oil-supplying channel 14 to a switching valve 15 arranged parallel to this channel 14, as well as a downstream pressure reducing valve 16.
A pressure relief valve 17 is connected between the filter 10 and the crankshaft 6 and limits the oil pressure supplied by the pump 8 to a maximum pressure PM.
The lubrication circuit 5 branches off from the pressure reducing valve 16 and pressurizes the bearings 4 with a pressure P1 that is lower than the pressure PM.

Das Umschaltventil 15 weist integrierte Rückschlagventile 18 auf, über die der Kanal 14 mit den Phasenwandlern 2 gekoppelt werden kann. Vom Umschaltventil 15 führen jeweils eine erste und eine zweite Leitung 19 und 20 zu einer gesonderten Lagerstelle 21 der Nockenwellen 1. Über in diesen Lagerstellen 21 verlaufende Ringkanäle 22 erfolgt eine Verbindung mit radial in den Nockenwellen 1 verlaufenden ersten und zweiten Bohrungen 23 und 24.The changeover valve 15 has integrated check valves 18, via which the channel 14 can be coupled to the phase converters 2. A first and a second line 19 and 20 each lead from the changeover valve 15 to a separate bearing point 21 of the camshafts 1. Via ring channels 22 running in these bearing points 21, a connection is made with first and second bores 23 and 24 running radially in the camshafts 1.

Der Phasenwandler 2 ist im wesentlichen aus den drei üblicherweise verwendeten, über Verzahnungen miteinander in Eingriff stehenden Elementen aufgebaut. Zum einen aus einem dem Antrieb der Nockenwelle 1 dienenden, als Kettenrad 30 ausgebildeten Rad 31, in das eine Innennabe 32, die eine erste schräge Verzahnung 33 trägt, eingeschweißt ist. Das Rad 31 ist über die erste Verzahnung 33 mit einem als hydraulisch beidseitig beaufschlagten Kolben 34 ausgebildeten Koppelglied verbunden, welches axial bezüglich der längs und mittig in der Nockenwelle 1 verlaufenden Achse N in zwei Endlagen E1, E2 verschiebbar ist. Der Kolben 34 trägt eine zweite, schräge Verzahnung 35, die in eine korrespondierende Verzahnung einer Hohlwelle 36 greift, die mit einem Flansch 37 der Nockenwelle 1 verbunden ist. In die Innennabe 32 ist eine Kappe 38 eingepreßt.
Der Kolben 34 unterteilt ein zwischen Flansch 37 und Hohlwelle 36 eingeschlossenes Volumen in eine erste Kammer 40 und eine zweite Kammer 41. In Fig.1 und Fig.2 befindet sich der Kolben 34 in einer ersten Endlage E1, die beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine in einem ersten Betriebszustand, z.B. dem Leerlauf, eingenommen wird.
The phase converter 2 is essentially made up of the three commonly used elements, which mesh with one another via toothings. Firstly, from a wheel 31, which serves to drive the camshaft 1 and is designed as a chain wheel 30, into which an inner hub 32, which carries a first oblique toothing 33, is welded. The wheel 31 is connected via the first toothing 33 to a coupling member designed as a hydraulically loaded piston 34, which is axially displaceable in two end positions E1, E2 with respect to the axis N running longitudinally and centrally in the camshaft 1. The piston 34 carries a second, oblique toothing 35 which engages in a corresponding toothing of a hollow shaft 36 which is connected to a flange 37 of the camshaft 1. A cap 38 is pressed into the inner hub 32.
The piston 34 divides a volume enclosed between the flange 37 and the hollow shaft 36 into a first chamber 40 and a second chamber 41 1 and 2, the piston 34 is in a first end position E1, which is assumed when the internal combustion engine is operating in a first operating state, for example idling.

In Fig.1 ist eine erste Ausführungsform dargestellt; unterhalb der Achse N zeigt Fig. 1a die erste Ausführungsform mit einer modifizierten Nockenwelle 1.
In die oberhalb der Achse N dargestellte Nockenwelle 1 ist eine zylindrische, vom Ende 3 aus rotationssymetrisch zur Achse N verlaufende, gestufte Ausnehmung 42 eingebracht. Sie weist von dem Ende 3 aus bis unmittelbar hinter die erste Bohrung 23 einen ersten Durchmesser D1 auf, anschließend zwischen den Bohrungen 23, 24 einen zweiten, kleineren Durchmesser D2 und von dort bis unmittelbar hinter die zweite Bohrung 24 einen nochmals kleineren Durchmesser D3. In der Ausnehmung 42 ist als ein zylindrischer Körper ein Rohr 43 gehalten, welches am Ende 3 auf den Durchmesser D1 radial aufgeweitet ist und im übrigen den Durchmesser D2 aufweist. Das Rohr 43 trennt somit einen kreisringförmigen Außenraum 44 innerhalb der Ausnehmung 42 ab, in den die erste Bohrung 23 mündet und der an dem Ende 3 über eine nahezu radial verlaufende Verbindungsbohrung 45 mit der ersten Kammer 40 verbunden ist. Die zweite Bohrung 24 schneidet die Ausnehmung 42 im Bereich des Durchmessers D3 und steht mit dem innerhalb des Rohres 43 verlaufenden Innenraum 46 in Verbindung.
1 shows a first embodiment; 1a shows the first embodiment with a modified camshaft 1 below the axis N.
In the camshaft 1 shown above the axis N, a cylindrical, stepped recess 42 is provided, which extends from the end 3 in a rotationally symmetrical manner to the axis N. It has a first diameter D1 from the end 3 to immediately behind the first bore 23, then a second, smaller diameter D2 between the bores 23, 24 and from there to a further smaller diameter D3 until immediately behind the second bore 24. In the recess 42, a tube 43 is held as a cylindrical body, which is widened radially at the end 3 to the diameter D1 and otherwise has the diameter D2. The tube 43 thus separates an annular outer space 44 within the recess 42, into which the first bore 23 opens and which is connected at the end 3 to the first chamber 40 via an almost radially extending connecting bore 45. The second bore 24 intersects the recess 42 in the area of the diameter D3 and is connected to the interior 46 running within the tube 43.

In einer in Fig. 1a gezeigten Modifikation ist eine gebaute, hohle Nockenwelle 1 gezeigt, in die eine Buchse 47 eingesetzt ist. Das Rohr 43 verläuft geradlinig in der Ausnehmung 42 und ist an dem Ende 3 in einem Bund 50 des separat ausgebildeten, mit einer Hülse 51 in die Nockenwelle 1 eingesetzten Flansches 37 sowie in der Buchse 47 gehalten. Die zweite Bohrung 24 verläuft teilweise in der Buchse 47 und ist wiederum mit dem Innenraum 46 verbunden. Der zwischen dem Rohr 43 und der Hülse 51 bzw. der Ausnehmung 42 gebildete Außenraum 44 verbindet die erste Bohrung 23 mit der ersten Kammer 40.In a modification shown in Fig. 1a, a built, hollow camshaft 1 is shown, in which a bushing 47 is inserted. The tube 43 extends in a straight line in the recess 42 and is held at the end 3 in a collar 50 of the separately formed flange 37, which is inserted into the camshaft 1 with a sleeve 51, and in the bushing 47. The second bore 24 runs partially in the bush 47 and is in turn connected to the interior 46. The outer space 44 formed between the tube 43 and the sleeve 51 or the recess 42 connects the first bore 23 to the first chamber 40.

In der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 1a ist das Kettenrad 30 mittels eines vorgespannten Federringes 52 auf der Hohlwelle 36 axial festgelegt. Er liegt zur Hälfte in einer halbkreisförmigen Nut 53 des Kettenrades 30 und zur anderen Hälfte in einer Eindrehung 54 der Hohlwelle 36, deren Tiefe mindestens doppelt so groß ist, wie die der Nut 53. Der Federring 52 ist über mehrere Montageöffnungen 55 zugänglich.
Bei der Montage wird der Federring 52 in die Eindrehung 54 gelegt, in die er aufgrund seiner Vorspannung zur Hälfte eintaucht. Anschließend wird das Kettenrad 30 auf die Hohlwelle 36 geschoben, wobei eine angeformte Schräge 56 den Federring 52 vollständig in die Eindrehung 54 preßt, bevor er sich bei Überdeckung von Eindrehung 54 und Nut 53 zur Hälfte in diese Nut 53 legt. Der Phasenwandler 2 wird anschließend als Baueinheit mittels Schraubverbindungen 60 am Flansch 37 befestigt.
In the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 1a, the chain wheel 30 is axially fixed on the hollow shaft 36 by means of a prestressed spring ring 52. It is half in a semicircular groove 53 of the sprocket 30 and the other half in a recess 54 of the hollow shaft 36, the Depth is at least twice as large as that of the groove 53. The spring ring 52 is accessible via a plurality of mounting openings 55.
During assembly, the spring ring 52 is placed in the recess 54, in which it is half immersed due to its pretension. The sprocket 30 is then pushed onto the hollow shaft 36, a molded bevel 56 completely pressing the spring ring 52 into the recess 54 before it lies halfway into this groove 53 when the recess 54 and groove 53 overlap. The phase converter 2 is then attached as a structural unit to the flange 37 by means of screw connections 60.

In einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung gemäß Fig. 2 und Fig. 2a ist das Kettenrad 30 axial mittels Schrauben 61 an der Hohlwelle 36 gesichert. Diese Schrauben 61 sind in Gewinde der Hohlwelle 36 eingeschraubt und mittels Führungshülsen 62 in Langlöchern 63 des Kettenrades 30 gleitend geführt. Zwischen der Führungshülse 62 und dem Rad 31 verbleibt dabei ein geringes Axialspiel A.
Der Phasenwandler 2 ist mit Schraubverbindungen 60 in Langlöchern 64 des Flansches 37 mittels Quetschhülsen 65 gehalten. Die Langlöcher 64 erlauben eine lagerichtige Montage des Phasenwandlers 2 unabhängig von der Stellung der für die Montage gegen Verdrehen gesicherten Nockenwelle 1.
In a second embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 2 and 2a, the chain wheel 30 is axially secured to the hollow shaft 36 by means of screws 61. These screws 61 are screwed into the thread of the hollow shaft 36 and are slidably guided in the oblong holes 63 of the chain wheel 30 by means of guide sleeves 62. A small axial play A remains between the guide sleeve 62 and the wheel 31.
The phase converter 2 is held with screw connections 60 in elongated holes 64 of the flange 37 by means of crimp sleeves 65. The elongated holes 64 allow the phase converter 2 to be installed in the correct position, regardless of the position of the camshaft 1 which is secured against rotation for the installation.

Die in Fig. 2a gezeigte Modifikation ist identisch mit der der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1a. Die Nockenwelle 1 ist hierbei aus Einzelteilen aufgebaut; der Flansch 37 ist separat eingesetzt und die Ausnehmung 42 axial durch eine Buchse 47 begrenzt.The modification shown in FIG. 2a is identical to that of the first embodiment according to FIG. 1a. The camshaft 1 is constructed from individual parts; the flange 37 is inserted separately and the recess 42 is axially delimited by a bushing 47.

Im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine fördert die Pumpe 8 Öl aus dem Vorratsbehälter 9 durch das Filter 10 an die Verzweigung 11. Das Schaltventil 12 wird von einem elektronischen Steuergerät 70 in Abhängigkeit der Parameter Last und Drehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine ein- oder ausgeschaltet.
Im ausgeschalteten Zustand gelangt kein Öl von der Verzweigung 11 über das Schaltventil 12 zum Umschaltventil 15. Dieses befindet sich federbelastet in einer ersten Stellung S1, die mit der Endlage E1 des Kolbens 34 korrespondiert. Das mit Druck durch den Kanal 14 entlang der eingezeichneten Pfeile geförderte Öl öffnet die Rückschlagventile 18, so daß das Öl über erste Ringräume 71 in die ersten Leitungen 19 und von dort in die ersten Bohrungen 23 strömt. Der Druck wirkt von der Bohrung 23 aus durch den Außenraum 44 und die Verbindungsbohrung 45 auf die erste Kammer 40 und hält den Kolben 34 in seiner ersten Endlage E1.
When the internal combustion engine is operating, the pump 8 delivers oil from the reservoir 9 through the filter 10 to the branching 11. The switching valve 12 is switched on or off by an electronic control unit 70 depending on the parameters load and speed of the internal combustion engine.
In the switched-off state, no oil gets from the branch 11 via the switching valve 12 to the switching valve 15. This is spring-loaded in a first position S1, which corresponds to the end position E1 of the piston 34. The oil conveyed with pressure through the channel 14 along the arrows shown opens the check valves 18 so that the oil flows via first annular spaces 71 into the first lines 19 and from there into the first bores 23. The pressure acts from the bore 23 through the outer space 44 and the connecting bore 45 to the first chamber 40 and holds the piston 34 in its first end position E1.

In einem zweiten Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine, z.B. einem mittleren Drehzahlbereich, schaltet das Steuergerät 70 das Schaltventil 12 ein, so daß von der Verzweigung 11 aus Öl über das Schaltventil 12 zum Umschaltventil 15 strömt und dieses in eine zweite Stellung S2 verschiebt, die mit der Endlage E2 des Kolbens 34 korrespondiert. Das über die Rückschlagventile 18 in zweite Ringräume 72 einströmende Öl gelangt nun über die zweiten Leitungen 20 zu den zweiten Bohrungen 24. Von dort aus wirkt der Druck durch den Innenraum 46 auf die zweite Kammer 41. Dabei strömt das Öl aus dem offenen Ende des Rohres 43 in einen durch einen Radialflansch 73 und die Kappe 38 gebildeten Hohlraum 74 und von dort über Öffnungen 75 im Kolben 34 in die zweite Kammer 41. Dabei wird dieser Kolben 34 axial in die zweite Endlage E2 verschoben, wobei über die beiden schrägen Verzahnungen 33, 35 das Kettenrad 30 relativ zur Nockenwelle 1 verdreht wird. Dabei treten in den Phasenwandlern 2 zwischen den an Gleitflächen F grenzenden Bauteilen rotatorische Verschiebungen auf.
Das während des Verschiebens von der Endlage E1 in die Endlage E2 aus der ersten Kammer 40 verdrängte Ölvolumen gelangt über die Verbindungsbohrung 45, den Außenraum 44 und die erste Bohrung 23 in den Ringkanal 22 und von dort über die erste Leitung 19 ab.
In a second operating state of the internal combustion engine, for example a medium speed range, the control unit 70 switches the switching valve 12 on, so that oil flows from the branching 11 via the switching valve 12 to the switching valve 15 and shifts it into a second position S2, which corresponds to the end position E2 of the piston 34 corresponds. The oil flowing into the second annular spaces 72 via the check valves 18 now reaches the second bores 24 via the second lines 20. From there, the pressure acts on the second chamber 41 through the interior 46. The oil flows out of the open end of the tube 43 into a cavity 74 formed by a radial flange 73 and the cap 38 and from there via openings 75 in the piston 34 into the second chamber 41. This piston 34 is axially displaced into the second end position E2, the two oblique teeth 33, 35 the sprocket 30 is rotated relative to the camshaft 1. Rotational displacements occur in the phase converters 2 between the components bordering on sliding surfaces F.
The oil volume displaced from the first chamber 40 during the displacement from the end position E1 to the end position E2 passes via the connecting bore 45, the outer space 44 and the first bore 23 into the annular channel 22 and from there via the first line 19.

In beiden Endlagen E1, E2 des Umschaltventiles 15 sind die aus den Phasenwandlern 2 rückströmendes Öl aufnehmenden Ringräume 71, 72 mit Steigleitungen 76 verbunden, die geodätisch oberhalb der Phasenwandler 2 in der Brennkraftmaschine münden, so daß nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine ein Entleeren des Betätigungskreislaufes verhindert ist.In both end positions E1, E2 of the changeover valve 15, the annular spaces 71, 72 receiving oil flowing back from the phase changers 2 are connected to risers 76 which open geodetically above the phase changers 2 in the internal combustion engine, so that after the internal combustion engine has been switched off, the actuation circuit is prevented from being emptied is.

Bei der Verstellung des Kolbens 34 von der Endlage E2 in die Endlage E1 strömt das aus der zweiten Kammer 41 verdrängte Öl durch die Öffnungen 75, den Hohlraum 74, den Innenraum 46 und die zweite Bohrung 24 in den Ringkanal 22 und von dort über die zweite Leitung 20 in den Ringraum 71.When the piston 34 is moved from the end position E2 to the end position E1, the oil displaced from the second chamber 41 flows through the openings 75, the cavity 74, the interior 46 and the second bore 24 into the annular channel 22 and from there via the second Line 20 into the annular space 71.

Bei einem Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine mit niedrigen Drehzahlen liefert die Pumpe 8 keinen maximalen Druck PM. Sollte dabei dennoch ein Verschieben des Kolbens 34 notwendig sein, so bewirken die Rückschlagventile 18 ein schubweises Befüllen der Ringräume 71, 72. Dadurch wird der Kolben 34 gestuft von einer Endlage in die andere verschoben.When the internal combustion engine is operating at low speeds, the pump 8 does not deliver a maximum pressure PM. If it is nevertheless necessary to move the piston 34, the check valves 18 act batch filling of the annular spaces 71, 72. As a result, the piston 34 is shifted in stages from one end position to the other.

Anstelle des für zwei Nockenwellen 1 zuständigen Umschaltventiles 15 kann den beiden Nockenwellen 1 je ein eigener Betätigungskreislauf zugeordnet sein. Dabei ist jeder Nockenwelle 1 ein Kanal 14, ein Umschaltventil 15 mit einem Rückschlagventil 18 sowie ein Druckminderventil 16 zugeordnet.Instead of the switching valve 15 responsible for two camshafts 1, the two camshafts 1 can each be assigned their own actuation circuit. Each camshaft 1 is assigned a channel 14, a changeover valve 15 with a check valve 18 and a pressure reducing valve 16.

In einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung gemäß Fig. 5 ist keine gesonderte Lagerstelle 21 erforderlich, um die Zufuhr und die Abfuhr von Öl in die Nockenwelle 1 zu gewährleisten. Die radialen ersten und zweiten Bohrungen 23, 24 sind an solchen Stellen der Nockenwelle 1 angeordnet, die in den Lagern 4 abgestützt sind.
Die Lager 4 sind jeweils als obere und untere Hälfte 4a, 4b in einem Oberteil 80 und einem Unterteil 81 eines Lagerrahmens 82 für Nockenwellen ausgebildet. In dem Oberteil 80 verlaufen Kanäle 83, 84 als Teil des Schmierkreislaufes 5. Von dem stromab des Druckminderventiles 16 gelegenen, parallel zur Achse N in dem Oberteil 80 verlaufenden Kanal 83 zweigen rechtwinkelig Kanäle 84 in einer Querebene Q zu jedem Lager 4 ab. Bohrungen 85 nehmen Schraubverbindungen 86 zur Befestigung des Oberteils 80 am Unterteil 81 auf. Die Kanäle 84 sind kreisringförmig um die zwischen der Achse N und dem Kanal 83 liegenden Bohrungen 85 geführt, so daß das Öl mit dem Druck P1 benachbart der Querebene Q über zwei Schmieröffnungen 87 das Lager 4 in dessen oberer Hälfte 4a versorgt.
Die Versorgung von Außenraum 44 und Innenraum 46 erfolgt in analoger Weise zu den ersten beiden Ausführungen der Erfindung, jedoch ist die zur ersten Bohrung 23 führende Leitung 19 in einem ersten Lager 4 angeordnet und die zur zweiten Bohrung 24 führende Leitung 20 in einem zweiten, benachbart zum ersten gelegenen Lager 4. Die unteren Hälften 4b weisen je eine Nut 88 auf die gemäß Fig. 7 symmetrisch zur Querebene Q zwischen den Schmieröffnungen 87 angeordnet ist. In diese Nut 88 mündet die erste Leitung 19, in der Nut 88 eines zweiten Lagers 4 die zweite Leitung 20.
Gemäß Fig. 6 ist der Lagerrahmen 82 auf der den Brennräumen abgewandten Seite eines Zylinderkopfes 89 befestigt, in dem ein Teil der Leitungen 19, 20 des Betätigungskreislaufes angeordnet sind.
In a third embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 5, no separate bearing point 21 is required to ensure the supply and discharge of oil into the camshaft 1. The radial first and second bores 23, 24 are arranged at locations on the camshaft 1 which are supported in the bearings 4.
The bearings 4 are each designed as an upper and lower half 4a, 4b in an upper part 80 and a lower part 81 of a bearing frame 82 for camshafts. Channels 83, 84 run in the upper part 80 as part of the lubrication circuit 5. From the channel 83 located downstream of the pressure reducing valve 16 and parallel to the axis N in the upper part 80, channels 84 branch off at right angles in a transverse plane Q to each bearing 4. Bores 85 receive screw connections 86 for fastening the upper part 80 to the lower part 81. The channels 84 are guided in a ring around the bores 85 lying between the axis N and the channel 83, so that the oil with the pressure P1 adjacent to the transverse plane Q supplies the bearing 4 in its upper half 4a via two lubrication openings 87.
The supply of the outer space 44 and the inner space 46 takes place in an analogous manner to the first two embodiments of the invention, but the line 19 leading to the first bore 23 is arranged in a first bearing 4 and the line 20 leading to the second bore 24 is arranged in a second, adjacent to the first bearing 4. The lower halves 4b each have a groove 88 which, according to FIG. 7, is arranged symmetrically to the transverse plane Q between the lubrication openings 87. The first line 19 opens into this groove 88, the second line 20 in the groove 88 of a second bearing 4.
6, the bearing frame 82 is fastened on the side of a cylinder head 89 facing away from the combustion chambers, in which part of the lines 19, 20 of the actuation circuit are arranged.

Durch die zuvor beschriebene Ausführungsform sind die in einem Lager 4 angeordneten Teile des Schmierkreislaufes 5 und des Betätigungskreislaufes und damit auch die unterschiedlichen Öldrücke P1, PM voneinander getrennt. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform kann die Nockenwelle 1 in der modifizierten Form gemäß der Figuren 1a und 2a verwendet werden. Die Länge der Buchse 47 ist dabei dem Abstand zweier benachbarter Lager 4 entsprechend ausgeführt.Due to the embodiment described above, the parts of the lubrication circuit 5 and the actuation circuit arranged in a bearing 4 and thus also the different oil pressures P1, PM are separated from one another. In this embodiment too, the camshaft 1 can be used in the modified form according to FIGS. 1a and 2a. The length of the bushing 47 is designed in accordance with the distance between two adjacent bearings 4.

Claims (14)

  1. Apparatus for the automatically controlled alteration of valve control times of an internal combustion engine, having at least one camshaft (1) which is rotatable relative to a crankshaft (6) driving it as a function of parameters of the internal combustion engine, and having a wheel (31) which drives the camshaft (1), carries a first toothing (33) and acts by way of a coupling member which is constructed as a hydraulic piston (34), which is acted upon on both sides from an oil cycle and which is axially displaceable at least into two end positions (El, E2), on a second toothing (35) connected to the camshaft (1) via a hollow shaft (36), and having two chambers (40, 41) which adjoin the coupling member and whereof filling and emptying is controlled by at least one shut-off element, at one end (3) of the camshaft (1) a cylindrical body constructed as a tube (43) delimiting in an axially extending cylindrical recess (42) an annular outer space (44) which in a first position (S1) of the changeover valve (15) connects the first chamber (40) to a first bore (23) of the camshaft (1) connected to the oil cycle, for filling, characterized in that in a second position (S2) of the changeover valve (15) the first chamber (40) is connected to the first bore (23), for emptying, and in both positions (S1 and S2) the second chamber (41) is connected by means of an inner space (46) surrounded by the tube (43) to a second bore (24) of the camshaft (1) connected to the oil cycle.
  2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the changeover valve (15) is arranged parallel to an oil-supplying channel (14) of the oil cycle and has annular spaces (71, 72) which in the first and second positions (S1 and S2) are connected respectively by means of first and second lines (19 and 20) to the first and second bores (23 and 24) respectively.
  3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that non-return valves (18) are arranged between the channel (14) and the annular spaces (71, 72).
  4. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (14) opens downstream of the changeover valve (15) into a pressure-reducing valve (16) which is connected by way of a lubricant cycle (5) to bearings (4) of the camshaft (1).
  5. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channel (14) has, upstream of the changeover valve (15), a branch point (11) which is connected to a pump (8), the changeover valve (15), a switching valve (12) and the lubricant cycle of the crankshaft (6) of the internal combustion engine.
  6. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching valve (12) displaces the changeover valve (15) from the one position (S1 or S2) to the other position (S2 or S1) as a function of the parameters by means of an electronic control device (70).
  7. Apparatus according to one or more of the preceding claims, having at least 2 camshafts, characterized in that there is associated with each camshaft a changeover valve (15) having a non-return valve (18) and a channel (14) having a pressure-reducing valve (16).
  8. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wheel (31) is held against the hollow shaft (36) axially by means of a radially pre-tensioned spring ring (52) (Fig. 1).
  9. Apparatus according to Claim 10, characterized in that the spring ring (52) is arranged with half in a groove (53) of the wheel (31) and half in a lathed recess (54) of the hollow shaft (36).
  10. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wheel (31) is held against the hollow shaft (36) axially by means of screws (61), these screws (61), together with guide sleeves (63), penetrating elongate holes (63) of the wheel (31) (Fig. 2).
  11. Apparatus according to Claim 10, characterized in that a slight axial play (A) remains between the guide sleeve (62) and the wheel (31).
  12. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the recess (42) has a first diameter (D1) from the end (3) along an axis (N) to behind the first bore (23), a second, smaller diameter (D2) between the bores (23, 24), and a third even smaller diameter (D3) from there to behind the second bore (24).
  13. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first and second bores (23 and 24) are arranged within a separate bearing point (21) of the camshaft (1).
  14. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first bore (23) opens into a groove (88) of a first bearing (4) of the camshaft (1), and in that the second bore (24) opens into a groove (88) of a second bearing (4) positioned adjacent to the first.
EP91111198A 1990-07-28 1991-07-05 Method for changing valve timing in an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0469332B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4024057A DE4024057C1 (en) 1990-07-28 1990-07-28
DE4024057 1990-07-28

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EP0469332A1 EP0469332A1 (en) 1992-02-05
EP0469332B1 true EP0469332B1 (en) 1994-02-16

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EP91111198A Expired - Lifetime EP0469332B1 (en) 1990-07-28 1991-07-05 Method for changing valve timing in an internal combustion engine

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US (1) US5138985A (en)
EP (1) EP0469332B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3199778B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4024057C1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3199778B2 (en) 2001-08-20
JPH04232316A (en) 1992-08-20
DE4024057C1 (en) 1991-09-19
EP0469332A1 (en) 1992-02-05
US5138985A (en) 1992-08-18
DE59101021D1 (en) 1994-03-24

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