EP0461943A2 - Compression device, especially for filling a tank under pressure - Google Patents

Compression device, especially for filling a tank under pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461943A2
EP0461943A2 EP91401216A EP91401216A EP0461943A2 EP 0461943 A2 EP0461943 A2 EP 0461943A2 EP 91401216 A EP91401216 A EP 91401216A EP 91401216 A EP91401216 A EP 91401216A EP 0461943 A2 EP0461943 A2 EP 0461943A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pressure
compression
rod
cam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91401216A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0461943A3 (en
EP0461943B1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Bauer
Frédéric Leroy
Gérard Braque
André Charon
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LOreal SA
Original Assignee
LOreal SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0461943A2 publication Critical patent/EP0461943A2/en
Publication of EP0461943A3 publication Critical patent/EP0461943A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0461943B1 publication Critical patent/EP0461943B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/02Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical
    • F04B9/04Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms
    • F04B9/042Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being mechanical the means being cams, eccentrics or pin-and-slot mechanisms the means being cams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/0005Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons
    • F04B39/0016Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00 adaptations of pistons with valve arranged in the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/18Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by changing the effective cross-section of the working surface of the piston
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/1828Cam, lever, and slide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21Elements
    • Y10T74/2101Cams
    • Y10T74/2107Follower

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for compressing a fluid, in particular for filling a tank under pressure, of the type which includes a motor, a piston capable of moving linearly in a pump body, a means of transmission between the engine and the piston capable of transforming the rotary movement provided by the engine into a reciprocating translational movement of the piston, speed variation means suitable for communicating to the compressor piston a different speed depending on the resistance opposed to the engine during a complete intake-compression cycle, these speed variation means comprising a cam driven in rotation from the motor shaft and acting by its periphery against a roller linked to the piston, elastic means being provided to hold the roller pressing against the cam, the assembly being such that the resistive torque is substantially constant.
  • EP-A-0 286 792 relates to such a device for a liquid metering pump.
  • the pump plunger is moved by a spiral-shaped cam, more precisely in the form of an Archimedes' spiral whose polar radius has a length proportional to the polar angle. This makes it possible to obtain a substantially constant pushing force on the pusher during the advance travel of this pusher.
  • the return stroke of the pusher corresponds to a step of the cam and occurs in a very short time.
  • This arrangement improves the overall efficiency and reduces the nominal power of the required drive motor.
  • the liquid being incompressible, and being discharged under pressure substantially constant, the Archimedes spiral used to move the pusher achieves the desired result.
  • the compression of the liquid itself hardly creates any heating problem.
  • the invention relates to a device for compressing a gas, in particular air, for which the problems posed are different, by reason even of the differences in the nature of the fluids, since the gases are compressible fluids.
  • the compression of a gas is generally accompanied by a release of heat which is added to that caused by friction, except for adopting very low piston displacement speeds, which is particularly disadvantageous at the level the filling time of a tank loaded with compressed air.
  • the compression device according to the invention is more particularly intended for recharging a compressed air tank intended, in particular, for supplying pneumatic cylinders, for example associated with small robots, or for recharging with compressed air. aerosol cans.
  • the tank is loaded with compressed air up to a certain filling limit pressure; when this pressure is reached, the compression device is separated from the reservoir. After using the stored compressed air, the tank must be recharged.
  • the object of the invention is, above all, to provide a device for compressing a gas which makes it possible to improve the operating efficiency without having to use a more powerful engine.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a compact and modular compression device which makes it possible to obtain a greater flow rate by association of several compression modules.
  • n compression modules each of which comprises a low power motor, than to produce a single module with a motor power n times that of the motor of a module. . This avoids the multiplicity of different modules, depending on the power required.
  • the device provides operational reliability insofar as one can admit that one element in three or five, for example, is defective for a certain time.
  • the displacement frequency of the piston is less than 10 Hz and preferably less than 3 Hz.
  • the cam allows, at constant power, to achieve a compression of the gas which is substantially isothermal corresponding to an optimal energy yield.
  • the speed of rotation of the cam is constant; under these conditions, the contour of the cam is between two limit curves whose polar radii for an angle ⁇ are respectively 0.9 R and 1.1 R, the value R being determined by the following equation of the ideal theoretical curve :
  • R is the polar radius of a current point
  • R M is the maximum polar radius of the curve and R o the minimum polar radius of the curve
  • P o is the starting pressure of the gas, generally atmospheric pressure
  • P M is the maximum gas pressure
  • ⁇ M varies from 60 to 360 ° and preferably from 60 to 340 °.
  • the transmission means comprise a pinion fixed on the motor shaft, which meshes on a toothed wheel to form a reduction gear, the cam being fixed on an axis passing through the center of the toothed wheel, the roller being in contact with the periphery of the cam and fixed to the end of a balance pivoting about an intermediate axis, the other end of the balance being connected by a rod to the piston.
  • the piston has an orifice in the extension of the rod and the rod / piston connection is provided by a device with loss of movement so that in the phase of traction of the piston by the rod, the orifice is open, which allows suction while, in the pushing phase, the orifice is closed by the rod which allows compression.
  • the opening of the piston is coaxial with the piston and the loss-of-motion device comprises a block, linked to the piston, in which is provided an axial housing having a larger diameter along its length, while the rod has a larger diameter on part of its length, the part of larger diameter being located in the housing, the length of the part of larger diameter of the rod being less than the length of the housing of the block.
  • the pump body is a syringe body consisting of a cylindrical wall connected by a frustoconical wall to a nose, said syringe body being contained in an envelope provided at its end close to the nose of the syringe with a nozzle. connected by a hose to the tank.
  • the syringe body comprises a delivery valve, said delivery valve being constituted by a flexible sleeve placed around the nose of the syringe comprising at least one opening covered by this sleeve, so that the opening is opened during the compression phase and closed during the admission phase.
  • the endpiece is movable and mounted to slide in an end bore of the envelope.
  • the device comprises a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch and a cut-off pressure setting means controlled by a lever, said setting means comprising a setting rod between the microswitch and the lever, the lever being linked to one of its ends at the nozzle, at its other end by means of calibration and being pivotally mounted about an intermediate axis, so that when the pressure in the tank exceeds the setting pressure, the nozzle moves and generates the rotation of the lever, the displacement of the setting rod and the shutdown of the motor by the microswitch.
  • the compression device does not include a pressure switch and the end piece is fixed. There remains a dead volume in the syringe body which limits the pressure in the reservoir.
  • the elastic means provided for holding the roller in abutment against the cam consist of a return spring, in particular a tension spring, linked at one of its ends to the frame and at its other end. at a point on the balance in particular, in the case of a tension spring, at a point on the balance located between the articulation axis of the balance and the roller, the arrangement of the points of connection of the ends of the spring being such that the increase in the force of the spring when the roller moves away from the center of the cam is substantially compensated by a reduction in the lever arm of the spring, as regards the restoring torque.
  • the loss-of-movement device comprises a sphere fixed to the end of the rod, linked to the piston, in which is provided a housing of greater volume than that of the sphere, the sphere being located in the housing, a annular lip surrounding the orifice inside the housing.
  • the device comprises a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch and a cut-off pressure setting means, said setting means comprising a tube, in particular transparent and graduated, connected to the pipe going from the nozzle to the tank and in which moves, under the action of pressure of fluid, a piston retained by a tension spring so that when the pressure in the reservoir exceeds a predetermined limit pressure, the piston cuts the motor by the microswitch.
  • the tip is fixed.
  • said tube has an orifice located towards its end where the piston is located towards the end of its stroke, the assembly being such that the piston discovers this orifice which establishes a leak to the atmosphere when the predetermined limit pressure is reached in The reservoir.
  • This device can act as a safety valve to limit any pressure build-up.
  • the tube is open at its end close to the microswitch so that the piston leaves the tube when, in the tank, the predetermined limit pressure is exceeded.
  • the longitudinal axis of the spring of the calibration means extends substantially parallel to the axis of the syringe body, the various elements being supported by a frame, the motor being disposed between the longitudinal axis. of the spring of the calibration means and the syringe body, with its axis substantially orthogonal to the plane of the longitudinal axis of the spring of the calibration means and of the axis of the syringe body.
  • the invention also relates to a compression assembly, characterized in that it comprises compression devices arranged in parallelepipedic boxes and placed in parallel, large face against large face, the outlet nozzle, the lever and the end. of the calibration screw projecting on the same narrow face of the trunk.
  • the cut-off pressure setting means comprises a graduated transparent tube
  • the graduation of the tube is visible on a narrow side of the trunk.
  • the compression device comprises a motor 1, a compression means M and a transmission means T.
  • the compression means M consists of a piston 2 moving linearly and alternately in a syringe body 3.
  • the syringe body 3 comprises a cylindrical wall 4 connected by a frustoconical wall 5 to a nose 6.
  • Said body syringe 3 is contained in an envelope 7, belonging to a frame 36, provided with an outlet nozzle 8 at its end close to the nose 6 of syringe 3, the nozzle 8 being connected by a pipe 9 to a reservoir 9 a .
  • the outlet nozzle 8 is rotatably mounted in the casing 7.
  • the transmission means T comprises: a toothed pinion 10 fixed on the motor shaft 1, which meshes on a toothed wheel 11 to constitute a reduction gear; a cam 12 fixed on an axis A passing through the center of the toothed wheel 11; a roller 13 in contact with the periphery of the cam 12 and fixed to one end of a balance 14, the balance pivoting about an axis B.
  • the other end of the balance is connected to a rod 15, which controls the movement of the piston 2.
  • the cam 12 constitutes a means of speed variation and its profile has a substantially spiral shape, which is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the roller 13 is held in abutment against the cam 12 by an elastic means, consisting of a return spring 16 working in compression and bearing, at one end, against a shoulder 7 a of the casing 7 and, at its other end against a shoulder 15 b of the rod 15.
  • an elastic means consisting of a return spring 16 working in compression and bearing, at one end, against a shoulder 7 a of the casing 7 and, at its other end against a shoulder 15 b of the rod 15.
  • the compression device is intended to compress a gas, more particularly air.
  • P is the pressure of the gas in the chamber 4 a , of the cylindrical wall 4 of the syringe body, delimited by the piston 2.
  • V is the volume of this chamber 4 a where the gas is trapped during compression.
  • the speed of rotation of the cam 12 is chosen so that the frequency of the displacement of the piston limits the heating of the gas originating from a difference between the theoretical properties of the ideal gas and the properties of the real gas.
  • FIG. 2 represents a cam 12, according to the invention, intended to rotate, at such a constant speed, around its axis A and which acts on a roller 13 carried directly by one end of the rod 15 of the piston 2.
  • L the axis of the cylinder 4 passes through the center of the cam 12.
  • the geometrical configuration of FIG. 2 is substantially equivalent to that of FIG. 1 insofar as the axis B of the lever 14, in FIG. 1, is equidistant from the joints provided at each end of this lever.
  • V (x) is the volume of compressed gas when the piston 2 is at position x.
  • the corresponding volume of the compression chamber is designated by Vo.
  • P M denotes the maximum pressure, corresponding to the useful stroke L M (L M less than Lo) of the piston.
  • the profile 12 a of the spiral 12 is close to that determined by this equation, and lying between the two limits 12 b , 12 c shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, corresponding to curves with vector radii equal to 0.9 R and 1.1 R respectively.
  • the syringe body 3 has an O-ring seal 17 at the base of the nose 6.
  • the syringe body 3 has a discharge valve 18 consisting of a flexible sleeve 19 placed around the nose 6 of the syringe which is provided with an opening 20 covered by the sleeve 19.
  • the piston 2 has an orifice 21 in the extension of the rod 15, coaxial with the piston 2.
  • the rod-piston connection is provided by a device with loss of movement.
  • the loss-of-movement device comprises a block 22, linked to the piston 2, in which is provided an axial housing 23 having a larger diameter along its length, while the rod 15 has a larger diameter on a part 15 a of its length.
  • the part 15 has the largest diameter of the rod 15 is located in the housing 23, the length of the part 15 has the largest diameter of the rod 15 being less than the length of the housing 23 of the block 22.
  • the system at a loss movement constitutes an inlet valve 24 for the syringe body 3.
  • the compression device also includes a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch 25 and a cut-off pressure setting means 26 controlled by a lever 27.
  • the setting means 26 comprises a cylinder 28 integral with the frame 36.
  • the cylinder 28 has its axis parallel to that of the envelope 7 and is located towards the edge of the frame opposite to this envelope.
  • the frame 36 forms a sort of C, the mean plane of which is parallel to the axes of the cylinder 28 and of the casing 7, and orthogonal to the axis of the engine 1.
  • the wheel 11 is arranged in the concavity of the frame at C and the axis B is carried by one end of the open loop of the C.
  • the calibration means 26 also comprises a calibration spring 30, a nut 31, with a cylindrical outer surface, provided with a groove 32 and a calibration rod 33 threaded over a part of its length constituting a calibration screw 34.
  • the spring setting 30 is placed in the cylinder 28 and bears on the base of the cylinder 28 and on the nut 31.
  • the setting rod 33 passes through the interior of the cylinder, the threaded part 34 of the rod 33 being engaged with the thread of the nut 31.
  • the screw 29 is housed in the groove 32 of the nut 31 so as to prevent the rotation of the nut 31 in the cylinder 28.
  • the calibration screw 34 makes it possible to control, by rotation of the rod setting 33, moving the nut 31 in the cylinder 28 and modifying the compression of the setting spring 30.
  • the setting screw 34 therefore makes it possible to adjust the stiffness of the setting spring 30.
  • the setting rod 33 is supported against a blade 35 of the microswitch 25, at the end of the rod 33 opposite to that where the calibration screw 34 is located. At its other end, the rod 33 is in abutment against one end of the lever 27.
  • the rod 33 can slide and rotate in the cylinder 28.
  • the lever 27 is linked to the end piece 8, at its end remote from the rod 33 and is pivotally mounted about an intermediate axis D.
  • the compression device is placed in a parallelepiped trunk 37, the outlet nozzle 8, the lever 27 and the end of the setting screw 34 projecting from the same narrow face 40 of the trunk 37.
  • the center of the roller 13 is at a minimum distance from the axis A, this which corresponds to position I in FIG. 2.
  • the roller 13 bypasses the profile of the cam 12, as the shows positions II and III in Figure 2.
  • the center of the roller 13 then gradually moves away from the axis A, so that the balance 14 pivots about the axis B.
  • the rotation of the balance 14 generates the longitudinal displacement of the rod 15, as well as the compression of the return spring 16.
  • the rod 15 pushes the piston 2 into the syringe body 3 and closes the orifice 21 of the piston 2.
  • the compression being substantially isothermal, the heating is minimum and the yield is improved. Operation at constant power makes the most of the performance of the electric drive motor.
  • the intake phase is ensured by the relaxation of the return spring 16.
  • the center of the roller 13 passes from a position furthest from the axis A to a position most close to axis A, corresponding to the passage from position IV to position I in FIG. 2.
  • the piston 2 moves in the syringe body 3 at a higher speed than that of the compression phase.
  • the rod 15 pulls the piston 2, the orifice 21 of the piston 2 is then opened, which allows the suction of air into the syringe body 3.
  • the calibration means 26 maintains, by means of the lever 27, the nozzle 8 in abutment on the casing 7.
  • the nozzle 8 moves longitudinally towards the outside by about 1 mm and causes the lever 27 to rotate about the axis D.
  • the setting rod 33 then moves longitudinally, in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the end piece 8, causing the blade 35 of the microswitch 25 to move.
  • the motor 1 is then cut by the microswitch 25.
  • the compression device does not include a pressure gauge, the nozzle 8 is fixed and the piston 2 does not abut against the frustoconical wall 5 of the syringe body 3, so that it a dead volume remains in the syringe body 3.
  • the discharge valve 18 closes, without the engine 1 stopping.
  • the compression device is arranged for a compact presentation.
  • the motor 1 is arranged against a large face 39 of the trunk 37 and the calibration means 26 is located above the motor 1, with its axis orthogonal to that of the motor 1.
  • the transmission means T with the pinion 10, the wheel 11 and the cam 12, is arranged in the vicinity of the upper part of the other large face 39 of the trunk 37.
  • the syringe body 3 is disposed in the lower part of this large face 39, with its axis parallel to that of the setting means 26.
  • the lever 27 is inclined on the vertical.
  • the compression system consists of several compression modules placed in parallel, the large faces 39 pressing against each other, in order to accelerate the filling of the reservoir 9 a .
  • the outputs of the end pieces 8 of the modules are connected by a flexible tube 38. All the modules can be provided with an engine stop device, but this is not necessary. A single module fitted with the motor stop device may suffice, which simultaneously causes the stop of the other modules either directly or via a relay when the breaking capacity of the microswitch 25 risks being exceeded.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a compression device corresponding to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the elements of this device identical or playing roles analogous to elements described in connection with the preceding figures are designated by numerical references equal to the sum of the number 100 and the reference used previously. The description of these elements will not be repeated or will be done only briefly.
  • the elastic means provided for holding the roller 113 in abutment against the cam 112 consist of a return spring 116.
  • the return spring 116 is, in the example considered, constituted by a tension spring linked at one of its ends to an axis E secured to the frame 136 and, at its other end, to an axis F of the balance 114, the axis F being located between the axis of rotation B of the balance 114 and the roller 113.
  • the arrangement of the spring 116, of the connection points E, F of the ends of the spring is such that when the distance EF increases (and therefore when the force of the spring 116 increases), the distance from the axis of rotation B to the right EF decreases.
  • the lever arm of the force developed by the spring 116 relative to the axis B decreases, which compensates, at the level of the restoring torque, the increase in the force.
  • the straight line EF is tangent to the circumference centered on B and passing through F.
  • the inlet valve 124 of the syringe body 103 consists of a loss of movement device disposed in the piston 102.
  • the loss of movement device comprises a sphere 115 a fixed to the end of the rod 115, linked to the piston 102, in which is provided a housing 123 of greater volume than that of the sphere 115 a .
  • the sphere 115 a is located in the housing 123.
  • the piston 102 has an orifice 121 in the extension of the rod 115 and two intake orifices 121 a , 121 b .
  • Has an annular lip 123 surrounds the orifice 121 within the housing 123.
  • the outlet nozzle 108 is integral with the envelope 107 containing the syringe body 103 and comprises a pipe 109 connected to a reservoir (not shown).
  • the pressure switch On the line 109 is placed a pressure switch.
  • the pressure switch consists of a microswitch 125 and a cut-off pressure setting means 126.
  • the setting means 126 comprises a transparent and graduated tube 128 open at the end which is not linked to the pipe 109.
  • the tube 128 moves a piston 141 linked to a tension spring 130.
  • the face of the piston 141 faces outwards.
  • the control lever 135 of the microswitch 125 faces the open end of the tube 128.
  • the tube 128 has, towards its open end, an orifice 142 for venting to the open air.
  • the return spring 116 Before the compression phase, the return spring 116 is at its minimum elongation and the lever arm of the spring is maximum. At the end of the compression phase, that is to say when the roller 113 is in position IV in FIG. 2, the return spring 116 is at its maximum elongation and the lever arm of the spring is minimal ( position shown in dotted lines in Figure 5). It can thus be seen that the arrangement of the return spring 116 is such that the increase in the force of the spring 116 by extension is substantially compensated, at the level of the return torque, by a reduction in the lever arm of the spring, so that the the energy absorbed by the spring 116 and requested from the motor 101 is substantially constant during the compression phase. This accumulated energy is returned to ensure the admission phase.
  • the sphere 115 a rests on the inner annular lip 123 a and closes the orifice 121, the annular lip 123 a ensuring the sealing of the orifice 121 the greater the pressure in the syringe body 103 is stronger.
  • the sphere 115 a makes it possible to maintain the tightness of the orifice 121 despite the variable obliquity of the control rod 115.
  • the piston 102 is in abutment against the frustoconical wall 105 of the body of syringe 103, so that the dead volume of the syringe body is minimal.
  • the pressure When the reservoir rises in pressure, the pressure also rises in the tube 128 and moves, by pushing, the piston 141 towards the open end of the tube, the tension spring 130 controlling the displacement of the piston as a function of the pressure in the tube 128.
  • the piston 141 pushes the lever 135 of the microswitch 125 and controls the stopping of the motor 101.
  • the piston 141 discovers the orifice 142 of the tube 128 which establishes a leak to the atmosphere and causes a drop in pressure in the tank.
  • the parallelepiped trunk 137 has on an narrow face 140 an opening 143.
  • the opening 143 shows the graduation of the tube 128 which marks the position of the piston 141 and makes it possible to evaluate the pressure inside the tank.
  • the profile of the cam 112 is determined, like that of the cam 12, to ensure compression of the substantially isothermal gas, at constant power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The gas compression device comprises a motor (1), a piston (2) capable of moving linearly in a pump body, a means of transmission (T) between the motor (1) and the piston (2) capable of converting the rotary movement supplied by the motor (1) into a reciprocating translational movement of the piston (2). Means of varying the speed, comprising a cam (12) are provided for imparting a different speed to the piston (2) of the compressor according to the resistance offered to the motor (1) during a complete admission-compression cycle, in such a way that the load moment is essentially constant and the motor (1) functions at its maximum torque and therefore at its maximum efficiency. The profile of the cam (12) is determined so as to ensure an essentially isothermic compression of the gas. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de compression d'un fluide, en particulier pour le remplissage sous pression d'un réservoir, du genre de ceux qui comprennent un moteur, un piston propre à se déplacer linéairement dans un corps de pompe, un moyen de transmission entre le moteur et le piston propre à transformer le mouvement rotatif fourni par le moteur en un mouvement de translation alternatif du piston, des moyens de variation de vitesse propres à communiquer au piston du compresseur une vitesse différente selon la résistance opposée au moteur au cours d'un cycle complet admission-compression, ces moyens de variation de vitesse comprenant une came entraînée en rotation à partir de l'arbre du moteur et agissant par sa périphérie contre un galet lié au piston, des moyens élastiques étant prévus pour maintenir le galet en appui contre la came, l'ensemble étant tel que le couple résistant soit sensiblement constant.The invention relates to a device for compressing a fluid, in particular for filling a tank under pressure, of the type which includes a motor, a piston capable of moving linearly in a pump body, a means of transmission between the engine and the piston capable of transforming the rotary movement provided by the engine into a reciprocating translational movement of the piston, speed variation means suitable for communicating to the compressor piston a different speed depending on the resistance opposed to the engine during a complete intake-compression cycle, these speed variation means comprising a cam driven in rotation from the motor shaft and acting by its periphery against a roller linked to the piston, elastic means being provided to hold the roller pressing against the cam, the assembly being such that the resistive torque is substantially constant.

EP-A-0 286 792 concerne un dispositif de ce genre pour une pompe de dosage de liquide. Selon la réalisation de la figure 4, le poussoir de la pompe est déplacé par une came en forme de spirale, plus précisément en forme de spirale d'Archimède dont le rayon polaire a une longueur proportionnelle à l'angle polaire. Ceci permet d'obtenir une force de poussée sensiblement constante sur le poussoir lors de la course d'avance de ce poussoir. La course de retour du poussoir correspond à un gradin de la came et se produit en un temps très bref.EP-A-0 286 792 relates to such a device for a liquid metering pump. According to the embodiment of Figure 4, the pump plunger is moved by a spiral-shaped cam, more precisely in the form of an Archimedes' spiral whose polar radius has a length proportional to the polar angle. This makes it possible to obtain a substantially constant pushing force on the pusher during the advance travel of this pusher. The return stroke of the pusher corresponds to a step of the cam and occurs in a very short time.

Cette disposition permet d'améliorer le rendement global et de réduire la puissance nominale du moteur d'entraînement nécessaire.This arrangement improves the overall efficiency and reduces the nominal power of the required drive motor.

Pratiquement, le liquide étant incompressible, et étant refoulé à pression sensiblement constante, la spirale d'Archimède utilisée pour déplacer le poussoir permet d'atteindre le résultat souhaité. De plus, la compression du liquide proprement dit ne crée pratiquement pas de problème d'échauffement.Practically, the liquid being incompressible, and being discharged under pressure substantially constant, the Archimedes spiral used to move the pusher achieves the desired result. In addition, the compression of the liquid itself hardly creates any heating problem.

L'invention concerne un dispositif de compression d'un gaz, en particulier d'air, pour lequel les problèmes posés sont différents, en raison même des différences de nature des fluides, puisque les gaz sont des fluides compressibles.The invention relates to a device for compressing a gas, in particular air, for which the problems posed are different, by reason even of the differences in the nature of the fluids, since the gases are compressible fluids.

En particulier, la compression d'un gaz s'accompagne généralement d'un dégagement de chaleur qui vient s'ajouter à celui provoqué par les frottements, sauf à adopter des vitesses de déplacement du piston très faibles, ce qui est pénalisant notamment au niveau du temps de remplissage d'un réservoir chargé en air comprimé.In particular, the compression of a gas is generally accompanied by a release of heat which is added to that caused by friction, except for adopting very low piston displacement speeds, which is particularly disadvantageous at the level the filling time of a tank loaded with compressed air.

Or, le dispositif de compression selon l'invention est plus particulièrement prévu pour la recharge d'un réservoir d'air comprimé destiné, notamment, à alimenter des vérins pneumatiques, par exemple associés à de petits robots, ou à la recharge en air comprimé de bidons aérosols. D'une manière générale le réservoir est chargé en air comprimé jusqu'à une certaine pression limite de remplissage ; lorsque cette pression est atteinte, le dispositif de compression est séparé du réservoir. Après utilisation de l'air comprimé stocké, le réservoir doit être rechargé.However, the compression device according to the invention is more particularly intended for recharging a compressed air tank intended, in particular, for supplying pneumatic cylinders, for example associated with small robots, or for recharging with compressed air. aerosol cans. In general, the tank is loaded with compressed air up to a certain filling limit pressure; when this pressure is reached, the compression device is separated from the reservoir. After using the stored compressed air, the tank must be recharged.

L'invention a pour but, surtout, de fournir un dispositif de compression d'un gaz qui permet d'améliorer le rendement de fonctionnement sans avoir à utiliser un moteur plus puissant.The object of the invention is, above all, to provide a device for compressing a gas which makes it possible to improve the operating efficiency without having to use a more powerful engine.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de compression compact et modulaire qui permet d'obtenir un plus grand débit par association de plusieurs modules de compression.Another object of the invention is to propose a compact and modular compression device which makes it possible to obtain a greater flow rate by association of several compression modules.

Dans cette réalisation, il est plus économique et plus souple d'utilisation d'associer n modules de compression dont chacun comprend un moteur de faible puissance, que de réaliser un seul module avec un moteur de puissance n fois celle du moteur d'un module. Ceci évite la multiplicité des modules différents, selon la puissance requise.In this embodiment, it is more economical and more flexible to use n compression modules, each of which comprises a low power motor, than to produce a single module with a motor power n times that of the motor of a module. . This avoids the multiplicity of different modules, depending on the power required.

Le dispositif apporte une fiabilité de fonctionnement dans la mesure où l'on peut admettre qu'un élément sur trois ou cinq, par exemple, soit défectueux pendant un certain temps.The device provides operational reliability insofar as one can admit that one element in three or five, for example, is defective for a certain time.

Selon l'invention, un dispositif de compression, en particulier pour le remplissage sous pression d'un réservoir, du genre défini précédemment, est caractérisé par le fait :

  • que le fluide comprimé est un gaz ;
  • que la came a un profil déterminé de manière telle que les déplacements du piston, commandés par cette came, permettent de comprimer le gaz, à puissance constante, selon une variation de pression dans le cylindre de compression répondant sensiblement à la relation PV = constante, de la compression isotherme d'un gaz parfait, P étant la pression du gaz et V le volume de ce gaz,
  • et que la vitesse de rotation de la came et donc la fréquence de déplacement du piston sont choisies de manière à limiter l'échauffement du gaz provenant d'un écart entre les propriétés théoriques du gaz parfait et les propriétés du gaz réel et des frottements, en assurant une compression sensiblement isotherme.
According to the invention, a compression device, in particular for filling under pressure of a reservoir, of the kind defined above, is characterized by the fact:
  • that the compressed fluid is a gas;
  • that the cam has a profile determined in such a way that the displacements of the piston, controlled by this cam, make it possible to compress the gas, at constant power, according to a pressure variation in the compression cylinder responding substantially to the relation PV = constant, the isothermal compression of an ideal gas, P being the pressure of the gas and V the volume of this gas,
  • and that the speed of rotation of the cam and therefore the frequency of displacement of the piston are chosen so as to limit the heating of the gas originating from a difference between the theoretical properties of the ideal gas and the properties of real gas and friction, ensuring a substantially isothermal compression.

La fréquence de déplacement du piston est inférieure à 10 Hz et de préférence inférieure à 3 Hz.The displacement frequency of the piston is less than 10 Hz and preferably less than 3 Hz.

Selon l'invention, la came permet, à puissance constante, de réaliser une compression du gaz sensiblement isotherme correspondant à un rendement énergétique optimal.According to the invention, the cam allows, at constant power, to achieve a compression of the gas which is substantially isothermal corresponding to an optimal energy yield.

Généralement, la vitesse de rotation de la came est constante ; dans ces conditions, le contour de la came est compris entre deux courbes limites dont les rayons polaires pour un angle ϑ sont respectivement 0,9 R et 1,1 R, la valeur R étant déterminée par l'équation suivante de la courbe théorique idéale :

Figure imgb0001
Generally, the speed of rotation of the cam is constant; under these conditions, the contour of the cam is between two limit curves whose polar radii for an angle ϑ are respectively 0.9 R and 1.1 R, the value R being determined by the following equation of the ideal theoretical curve :
Figure imgb0001

Dans cette expression R est le rayon polaire d'un point courant, RM est le rayon polaire maximal de la courbe et Ro le rayon polaire minimal de la courbe, Po est la pression de départ du gaz, généralement la pression atmosphérique, et PM est la pression maximale du gaz.In this expression R is the polar radius of a current point, R M is the maximum polar radius of the curve and R o the minimum polar radius of the curve, P o is the starting pressure of the gas, generally atmospheric pressure, and P M is the maximum gas pressure.

ϑMvarie de 60 à 360° et de préférence de 60 à 340°.ϑ M varies from 60 to 360 ° and preferably from 60 to 340 °.

De façon préférentielle, les moyens de transmission comprennent un pignon fixé sur l'arbre du moteur, qui engrène sur une roue dentée pour constituer un réducteur, la came étant fixée sur un axe passant par le centre de la roue dentée, le galet étant en contact avec la périphérie de la came et fixé à l'extrémité d'un balancier pivotant autour d'un axe intermédiaire, l'autre extrémité du balancier étant reliée par une tige au piston.Preferably, the transmission means comprise a pinion fixed on the motor shaft, which meshes on a toothed wheel to form a reduction gear, the cam being fixed on an axis passing through the center of the toothed wheel, the roller being in contact with the periphery of the cam and fixed to the end of a balance pivoting about an intermediate axis, the other end of the balance being connected by a rod to the piston.

Avantageusement, le piston comporte un orifice dans le prolongement de la tige et la liaison tige/piston est assurée par un dispositif à perte de mouvement de sorte que dans la phase de traction du piston par la tige, l'orifice est ouvert, ce qui permet l'aspiration tandis que, dans la phase de poussée, l'orifice est fermé par la tige ce qui permet la compression.Advantageously, the piston has an orifice in the extension of the rod and the rod / piston connection is provided by a device with loss of movement so that in the phase of traction of the piston by the rod, the orifice is open, which allows suction while, in the pushing phase, the orifice is closed by the rod which allows compression.

L'orifice du piston est coaxial au piston et le dispositif à perte de mouvement comprend un bloc, lié au piston, dans lequel est prévu un logement axial ayant un plus grand diamètre sur sa longueur, tandis que la tige comporte un plus grand diamètre sur une partie de sa longueur, la partie de plus grand diamètre étant située dans le logement, la longueur de la partie de plus grand diamètre de la tige étant inférieure à la longueur du logement du bloc.The opening of the piston is coaxial with the piston and the loss-of-motion device comprises a block, linked to the piston, in which is provided an axial housing having a larger diameter along its length, while the rod has a larger diameter on part of its length, the part of larger diameter being located in the housing, the length of the part of larger diameter of the rod being less than the length of the housing of the block.

De préférence, le corps de pompe est un corps de seringue constitué d'une paroi cylindrique reliée par une paroi tronconique à un nez, ledit corps de seringue étant contenu dans une enveloppe munie à son extrémité voisine du nez de la seringue d'un embout relié par un tuyau au réservoir.Preferably, the pump body is a syringe body consisting of a cylindrical wall connected by a frustoconical wall to a nose, said syringe body being contained in an envelope provided at its end close to the nose of the syringe with a nozzle. connected by a hose to the tank.

Avantageusement, le corps de seringue comporte une soupape de refoulement, ladite soupape de refoulement étant constituée d'un manchon souple placé autour du nez de la seringue comportant au moins une ouverture recouverte par ce manchon, de sorte que l'ouverture soit ouverte pendant la phase de compression et fermée pendant la phase d'admission.Advantageously, the syringe body comprises a delivery valve, said delivery valve being constituted by a flexible sleeve placed around the nose of the syringe comprising at least one opening covered by this sleeve, so that the opening is opened during the compression phase and closed during the admission phase.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation, l'embout est mobile et monté coulissant dans un alésage d'extrémité de l'enveloppe.In a first embodiment, the endpiece is movable and mounted to slide in an end bore of the envelope.

Le dispositif comporte un manocontact constitué d'un microrupteur et d'un moyen de tarage de pression de coupure commandé par un levier, ledit moyen de tarage comprenant une tige de tarage entre le microrupteur et le levier, le levier étant lié à une de ses extrémités à l'embout, à son autre extrémité au moyen de tarage et étant monté pivotant autour d'un axe intermédiaire, de telle sorte que lorsque la pression dans le réservoir dépasse la pression de tarage, l'embout se déplace et engendre la rotation du levier, le déplacement de la tige de tarage et la coupure du moteur par le microrupteur.The device comprises a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch and a cut-off pressure setting means controlled by a lever, said setting means comprising a setting rod between the microswitch and the lever, the lever being linked to one of its ends at the nozzle, at its other end by means of calibration and being pivotally mounted about an intermediate axis, so that when the pressure in the tank exceeds the setting pressure, the nozzle moves and generates the rotation of the lever, the displacement of the setting rod and the shutdown of the motor by the microswitch.

Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, le dispositif de compression ne comporte pas de manocontact et l'embout est fixe. Il subsiste un volume mort dans le corps de seringue qui limite la pression dans le réservoir.In a second embodiment, the compression device does not include a pressure switch and the end piece is fixed. There remains a dead volume in the syringe body which limits the pressure in the reservoir.

Dans un troisième mode de réalisation, les moyens élastiques prévus pour maintenir le galet en appui contre la came sont constitués par un ressort de rappel, en particulier un ressort de traction, lié à l'une de ses extrémités au bâti et à son autre extrémité à un point du balancier en particulier, dans le cas d'un ressort de traction, à un point du balancier situé entre l'axe d'articulation du balancier et le galet, la disposition des points de liaison des extrémités du ressort étant telle que l'augmentation de la force du ressort lorsque le galet s'écarte du centre de la came est sensiblement compensée par une réduction du bras de levier du ressort, en ce qui concerne le couple de rappel.In a third embodiment, the elastic means provided for holding the roller in abutment against the cam consist of a return spring, in particular a tension spring, linked at one of its ends to the frame and at its other end. at a point on the balance in particular, in the case of a tension spring, at a point on the balance located between the articulation axis of the balance and the roller, the arrangement of the points of connection of the ends of the spring being such that the increase in the force of the spring when the roller moves away from the center of the cam is substantially compensated by a reduction in the lever arm of the spring, as regards the restoring torque.

De préférence, le dispositif à perte de mouvement comprend une sphère fixée à l'extrémité de la tige, liée au piston, dans lequel est prévu un logement de volume plus grand que celui de la sphère, la sphère étant située dans le logement, une lèvre annulaire entourant l'orifice à l'intérieur du logement.Preferably, the loss-of-movement device comprises a sphere fixed to the end of the rod, linked to the piston, in which is provided a housing of greater volume than that of the sphere, the sphere being located in the housing, a annular lip surrounding the orifice inside the housing.

Le dispositif comporte un manocontact constitué d'un microrupteur et d'un moyen de tarage de pression de coupure, ledit moyen de tarage comprenant un tube, en particulier transparent et gradué, relié à la canalisation allant de l'embout au réservoir et dans lequel se déplace, sous l'action de la pression du fluide, un piston retenu par un ressort de traction de telle sorte que lorsque la pression dans le réservoir dépasse une pression limite prédéterminée, le piston coupe le moteur par le microrupteur. L'embout est fixe.The device comprises a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch and a cut-off pressure setting means, said setting means comprising a tube, in particular transparent and graduated, connected to the pipe going from the nozzle to the tank and in which moves, under the action of pressure of fluid, a piston retained by a tension spring so that when the pressure in the reservoir exceeds a predetermined limit pressure, the piston cuts the motor by the microswitch. The tip is fixed.

Avantageusement, ledit tube comporte un orifice situé vers son extrémité où se trouve le piston vers la fin de sa course, l'ensemble étant tel que le piston découvre cet orifice qui établit une fuite à l'atmosphère lorsque la pression limite prédéterminée est atteinte dans le réservoir. Ce dispositif peut jouer le rôle de soupape de sécurité pour limiter une éventuelle montée en pression.Advantageously, said tube has an orifice located towards its end where the piston is located towards the end of its stroke, the assembly being such that the piston discovers this orifice which establishes a leak to the atmosphere when the predetermined limit pressure is reached in The reservoir. This device can act as a safety valve to limit any pressure build-up.

De préférence, le tube est ouvert à son extrémité proche du microrupteur de telle sorte que le piston sorte du tube lorsque, dans le réservoir, la pression limite prédéterminée est dépassée.Preferably, the tube is open at its end close to the microswitch so that the piston leaves the tube when, in the tank, the predetermined limit pressure is exceeded.

Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, l'axe longitudinal du ressort du moyen de tarage s'étend sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du corps de seringue, les différents éléments étant supportés par un bâti, le moteur étant disposé entre l'axe longitudinal du ressort du moyen de tarage et le corps de seringue, avec son axe sensiblement orthogonal au plan de l'axe longitudinal du ressort du moyen de tarage et de l'axe du corps de seringue.Whatever the embodiment, the longitudinal axis of the spring of the calibration means extends substantially parallel to the axis of the syringe body, the various elements being supported by a frame, the motor being disposed between the longitudinal axis. of the spring of the calibration means and the syringe body, with its axis substantially orthogonal to the plane of the longitudinal axis of the spring of the calibration means and of the axis of the syringe body.

L'invention concerne également un ensemble de compression, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des dispositifs de compression disposés dans des coffres parallélépipédiques et placés en parallèle, grande face contre grande face, l'embout de sortie, le levier et l'extrémité de la vis de tarage faisant saillie sur une même face étroite du coffre.The invention also relates to a compression assembly, characterized in that it comprises compression devices arranged in parallelepipedic boxes and placed in parallel, large face against large face, the outlet nozzle, the lever and the end. of the calibration screw projecting on the same narrow face of the trunk.

Avantageusement, dans le cas du dispositif où le moyen de tarage de pression de coupure comporte un tube transparent gradué, la graduation du tube est apparente sur une face étroite du coffre.Advantageously, in the case of the device where the cut-off pressure setting means comprises a graduated transparent tube, the graduation of the tube is visible on a narrow side of the trunk.

Pour mieux faire comprendre l'objet de l'invention, on va en décrire maintenant, à titre d'exemple purement illustratif et non limitatif, un mode de réalisation représenté sur les dessins annexés.To better understand the object of the invention, we will now describe, by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting example, an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la figure 1 représente, en perpective, un schéma de principe du dispositif de compression selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente la came vue de face et le galet dans diverses positions de son mouvement, tandis qu'un cylindre et son piston sont schématiquement représentés ;
  • la figure 3 représente une coupe du dispositif selon un plan passant par l'axe de rotation de la roue dentée et l'axe du pignon du moteur ;
  • la figure 4 représente une vue en perspective d'un système de compression constitué de plusieurs modules de compression placés en parallèle ;
  • la figure 5 représente, en perspective, un schéma de principe d'un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif de compression selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 6, enfin, représente une autre vue en perspective d'un autre système de compression.
In these drawings:
  • Figure 1 shows, in perspective, a block diagram of the compression device according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 represents the cam seen from the front and the roller in various positions of its movement, while a cylinder and its piston are schematically represented;
  • Figure 3 shows a section of the device along a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the toothed wheel and the axis of the motor pinion;
  • FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of a compression system made up of several compression modules placed in parallel;
  • FIG. 5 represents, in perspective, a block diagram of another embodiment of the compression device according to the invention;
  • Figure 6, finally, shows another perspective view of another compression system.

En se référant à la figure 1, on voit que le dispositif de compression comprend un moteur 1, un moyen de compression M et un moyen de transmission T.Referring to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the compression device comprises a motor 1, a compression means M and a transmission means T.

Le moyen de compression M est constitué d'un piston 2 se déplaçant linéairement et de façon alternative dans un corps de seringue 3. Le corps de seringue 3 comprend une paroi cylindrique 4 reliée par une paroi tronconique 5 à un nez 6. Ledit corps de seringue 3 est contenu dans une enveloppe 7, appartenant à un bâti 36, munie d'un embout de sortie 8 à son extrémité voisine du nez 6 de la seringue 3, l'embout 8 étant relié par un tuyau 9 à un réservoir 9a. L'embout de sortie 8 est monté rotatif dans l'enveloppe 7.The compression means M consists of a piston 2 moving linearly and alternately in a syringe body 3. The syringe body 3 comprises a cylindrical wall 4 connected by a frustoconical wall 5 to a nose 6. Said body syringe 3 is contained in an envelope 7, belonging to a frame 36, provided with an outlet nozzle 8 at its end close to the nose 6 of syringe 3, the nozzle 8 being connected by a pipe 9 to a reservoir 9 a . The outlet nozzle 8 is rotatably mounted in the casing 7.

Le moyen de transmission T comprend : un pignon denté 10 fixé sur l'arbre du moteur 1, qui engrène sur une roue dentée 11 pour constituer un réducteur ; une came 12 fixée sur un axe A passant par le centre de la roue dentée 11 ; un galet 13 en contact avec la périphérie de la came 12 et fixé à une extrémité d'un balancier 14, le balancier pivotant autour d'un axe B. L'autre extrémité du balancier est reliée à une tige 15, qui commande le déplacement du piston 2. La came 12 constitue un moyen de variation de vitesse et son profil a sensiblement une forme de spirale, qui est représentée à la figure 2. Le galet 13 est maintenu en appui contre la came 12 par un moyen élastique, constitué d'un ressort de rappel 16 travaillant en compression et prenant appui, à une extrémité, contre un épaulement 7a de l'enveloppe 7 et, à son autre extrémité contre un épaulement 15b de la tige 15.The transmission means T comprises: a toothed pinion 10 fixed on the motor shaft 1, which meshes on a toothed wheel 11 to constitute a reduction gear; a cam 12 fixed on an axis A passing through the center of the toothed wheel 11; a roller 13 in contact with the periphery of the cam 12 and fixed to one end of a balance 14, the balance pivoting about an axis B. The other end of the balance is connected to a rod 15, which controls the movement of the piston 2. The cam 12 constitutes a means of speed variation and its profile has a substantially spiral shape, which is shown in FIG. 2. The roller 13 is held in abutment against the cam 12 by an elastic means, consisting of a return spring 16 working in compression and bearing, at one end, against a shoulder 7 a of the casing 7 and, at its other end against a shoulder 15 b of the rod 15.

Le dispositif de compression est destiné à comprimer un gaz, plus particulièrement de l'air.The compression device is intended to compress a gas, more particularly air.

La came 12 a un profil 12a (fig. 2) déterminé de manière telle que les déplacements du piston 2, commandés par cette came 12, permettent de satisfaire sensiblement à la relation PV = constante, de la compression isotherme d'un gaz parfait, à puissance constante. P est la pression du gaz dans la chambre 4a, de la paroi cylindrique 4 du corps de seringue, délimitée par le piston 2. V est le volume de cette chambre 4a où est emprisonné le gaz en cours de compression.The cam 12 has a profile 12 a (fig. 2) determined such that the displacements of the piston 2, controlled by this cam 12, make it possible to substantially satisfy the relation PV = constant, of the isothermal compression of an ideal gas , at constant power. P is the pressure of the gas in the chamber 4 a , of the cylindrical wall 4 of the syringe body, delimited by the piston 2. V is the volume of this chamber 4 a where the gas is trapped during compression.

La vitesse de rotation de la came 12 est choisie de manière à ce que la fréquence du déplacement du piston limite l'échauffement du gaz provenant d'un écart entre les propriétés théoriques du gaz parfait et les propriétés du gaz réel.The speed of rotation of the cam 12 is chosen so that the frequency of the displacement of the piston limits the heating of the gas originating from a difference between the theoretical properties of the ideal gas and the properties of the real gas.

Généralement, la vitesse de rotation de la came est constante. La figure 2, représente une came 12, selon l'invention, destinée à tourner, à une telle vitesse constante, autour de son axe A et qui agit sur un galet 13 porté directement par une extrémité de la tige 15 du piston 2. L'axe du cylindre 4 passe par le centre de la came 12. La configuration géométrique de la figure 2 est sensiblement équivalente à celle de la figure 1 dans la mesure où l'axe B du levier 14, sur la figure 1, est équidistant des articulations prévues à chaque extrémité de ce levier.Generally, the speed of rotation of the cam is constant. FIG. 2 represents a cam 12, according to the invention, intended to rotate, at such a constant speed, around its axis A and which acts on a roller 13 carried directly by one end of the rod 15 of the piston 2. L the axis of the cylinder 4 passes through the center of the cam 12. The geometrical configuration of FIG. 2 is substantially equivalent to that of FIG. 1 insofar as the axis B of the lever 14, in FIG. 1, is equidistant from the joints provided at each end of this lever.

La détermination du profil 12a de la came 12 en coordonnées polaires de centre A, et d'axe origine des angles polaires ϑ confondu avec l'axe du cylindre 4 passant par A s'effectue de la manière suivante.The determination of the profile 12 a of the cam 12 in polar coordinates with center A, and with the origin axis of the polar angles ϑ coinciding with the axis of the cylinder 4 passing through A is carried out as follows.

On exprime tout d'abord que l'on travaille à puissance constante

Figure imgb0002
soit :
Figure imgb0003

   C = couple développé, constant
   t = temps.We first express that we work at constant power
Figure imgb0002
is :
Figure imgb0003

C = developed, constant torque
t = time.

En désignant par S la section du piston 2, par x l'abscisse à l'instant t du piston et par P(x) la pression du gaz comprimé dans le cylindre 4, à la position x du piston, on peut écrire également

Figure imgb0004
By designating by S the section of the piston 2, by x the abscissa at the instant t of the piston and by P (x) the pressure of the compressed gas in the cylinder 4, at the position x of the piston, one can also write
Figure imgb0004

On exprime de plus que le produit : P(x)V(x) = constante

Figure imgb0005
We also express that the product: P (x) V (x) = constant
Figure imgb0005

V(x) est le volume du gaz comprimé lorsque le piston 2 est à la position x.V (x) is the volume of compressed gas when the piston 2 is at position x.

Ceci correspond à une compression isotherme d'un gaz parfait.This corresponds to an isothermal compression of an ideal gas.

La pression initiale, pour x = 0, est désignée par Po ; elle est égale à la pression atmosphérique. Le volume correspondant de la chambre de compression est désigné par Vo.The initial pressure, for x = 0, is designated by Po; it is equal to atmospheric pressure. The corresponding volume of the compression chamber is designated by Vo.

En désignant par Lo la longueur maximale du cylindre 4 de compression on a : Vo = SLo.

Figure imgb0006
By designating by Lo the maximum length of the compression cylinder 4 we have: Vo = SLo.
Figure imgb0006

On désigne par PM la pression maximale, correspondant à la course utile LM (L M inférieure à Lo) du piston.P M denotes the maximum pressure, corresponding to the useful stroke L M (L M less than Lo) of the piston.

La relation : PV = constante entraîne : PoVo = P x V x = P M V M

Figure imgb0007
The relation: PV = constant leads to: PoVo = P x V x = P M V M
Figure imgb0007

Comme Vx = S (Lo - x)
   on déduit : P x = P o Lo Lo - x

Figure imgb0008
As V x = S (Lo - x)
we deduce : P x = P o Lo Lo - x
Figure imgb0008

En désignant par Ro le rayon vecteur minimal de la came 12 pour ϑ = 0, et par RM son rayon vecteur maximal pour ϑM
   on a les relations : R = x + Ro   x = R - Ro

Figure imgb0009
   (R = rayon vecteur en un point courant)
et rayon maximal R M = L M + Ro → L M = R M - Ro
Figure imgb0010
By designating by Ro the minimum vector radius of cam 12 for ϑ = 0, and by R M its maximum vector radius for ϑ M
we have the relationships: R = x + Ro x = R - Ro
Figure imgb0009
(R = vector radius at a current point)
and maximum radius R M = L M + Ro → L M = R M - Ro
Figure imgb0010

En reprenant l'équation (1) et en utilisant les relations ci-dessus, on obtient C dt = S P(x) dx dt =S Po Lo Lo - x dx dt

Figure imgb0011
Using equation (1) and using the relationships above, we get VS from dt = SP (x) dx dt = S Po Lo Lo - x dx dt
Figure imgb0011

La résolution de cette équation différentielle, en tenant compte des conditions aux limites permet d'obtenir l'équation polaire :

Figure imgb0012
The resolution of this differential equation, taking into account the boundary conditions makes it possible to obtain the polar equation:
Figure imgb0012

En pratique, le profil 12a de la spirale 12 est voisin de celui déterminé par cette équation, et compris entre les deux limites 12b, 12c représentées en traits mixtes sur la figure 2, correspondant à des courbes dont les rayons vecteurs sont égaux respectivement à 0,9 R et 1,1 R.In practice, the profile 12 a of the spiral 12 is close to that determined by this equation, and lying between the two limits 12 b , 12 c shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2, corresponding to curves with vector radii equal to 0.9 R and 1.1 R respectively.

Le corps de seringue 3 comporte un joint torique 17 d'étanchéité à la base du nez 6. Le corps de seringue 3 comporte une soupape de refoulement 18 constituée d'un manchon 19 souple placé autour du nez 6 de la seringue qui est muni d'une ouverture 20 recouverte par le manchon 19.The syringe body 3 has an O-ring seal 17 at the base of the nose 6. The syringe body 3 has a discharge valve 18 consisting of a flexible sleeve 19 placed around the nose 6 of the syringe which is provided with an opening 20 covered by the sleeve 19.

Le piston 2 possède un orifice 21 dans le prolongement de la tige 15, coaxial au piston 2. La liaison tige-piston est assurée par un dispositif à perte de mouvement. Le dispositif à perte de mouvement comprend un bloc 22, lié au piston 2, dans lequel est prévu un logement axial 23 ayant un plus grand diamètre sur sa longueur, tandis que la tige 15 comporte un plus grand diamètre sur une partie 15a de sa longueur. La partie 15a de plus grand diamètre de la tige 15 est située dans le logement 23, la longueur de la partie 15a de plus grand diamètre de la tige 15 étant inférieure à la longueur du logement 23 du bloc 22. Le système à perte de mouvement constitue une soupape d'admission 24 pour le corps de seringue 3.The piston 2 has an orifice 21 in the extension of the rod 15, coaxial with the piston 2. The rod-piston connection is provided by a device with loss of movement. The loss-of-movement device comprises a block 22, linked to the piston 2, in which is provided an axial housing 23 having a larger diameter along its length, while the rod 15 has a larger diameter on a part 15 a of its length. The part 15 has the largest diameter of the rod 15 is located in the housing 23, the length of the part 15 has the largest diameter of the rod 15 being less than the length of the housing 23 of the block 22. The system at a loss movement constitutes an inlet valve 24 for the syringe body 3.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1, le dispositif de compression comporte également un manocontact constitué d'un microrupteur 25 et d'un moyen de tarage de pression de coupure 26 commandé par un levier 27. Le moyen de tarage 26 comprend un cylindre 28 solidaire du bâti 36. Le cylindre 28 a son axe parallèle à celui de l'enveloppe 7 et est situé vers le bord du bâti opposé à cette enveloppe. Le bâti 36 forme une sorte de C dont le plan moyen est parallèle aux axes du cylindre 28 et de l'enveloppe 7, et orthogonal à l'axe du moteur 1 . La roue 11 est disposée dans la concavité du bâti en C et l'axe B est porté par une extrémité de la boucle ouverte du C.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the compression device also includes a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch 25 and a cut-off pressure setting means 26 controlled by a lever 27. The setting means 26 comprises a cylinder 28 integral with the frame 36. The cylinder 28 has its axis parallel to that of the envelope 7 and is located towards the edge of the frame opposite to this envelope. The frame 36 forms a sort of C, the mean plane of which is parallel to the axes of the cylinder 28 and of the casing 7, and orthogonal to the axis of the engine 1. The wheel 11 is arranged in the concavity of the frame at C and the axis B is carried by one end of the open loop of the C.

Une vis 29 traverse radialement la paroi du cylindre 28 pour faire saillie à l'intérieur. Le moyen de tarage 26 comprend également un ressort de tarage 30, un écrou 31, à surface extérieure cylindrique, muni d'une rainure 32 et une tige de tarage 33 filetée sur une partie de sa longueur constituant une vis de tarage 34. Le ressort de tarage 30 est placé dans le cylindre 28 et prend appui sur la base du cylindre 28 et sur l'écrou 31. La tige de tarage 33 traverse l'intérieur du cylindre, la partie filetée 34 de la tige 33 étant engagée avec le filetage de l'écrou 31. La vis 29 loge dans la rainure 32 de l'écrou 31 de façon à empêcher la rotation de l'écrou 31 dans le cylindre 28. La vis de tarage 34 permet de commander, par rotation de la tige de tarage 33, le déplacement de l'écrou 31 dans le cylindre 28 et de modifier la compression du ressort de tarage 30. La vis de tarage 34 permet donc de régler la raideur du ressort de tarage 30. La tige de tarage 33 est en appui contre une lame 35 du microrupteur 25, à l'extrémité de la tige 33 opposée à celle où se trouve la vis de tarage 34. A son autre extrémité, la tige 33 est en appui contre une extrémité du levier 27. La tige 33 peut coulisser et tourner dans le cylindre 28. Le levier 27 est lié à l'embout 8, à son extrémité éloignée de la tige 33 et est monté pivotant autour d'un axe D intermédiaire.A screw 29 passes radially through the wall of the cylinder 28 to project inside. The calibration means 26 also comprises a calibration spring 30, a nut 31, with a cylindrical outer surface, provided with a groove 32 and a calibration rod 33 threaded over a part of its length constituting a calibration screw 34. The spring setting 30 is placed in the cylinder 28 and bears on the base of the cylinder 28 and on the nut 31. The setting rod 33 passes through the interior of the cylinder, the threaded part 34 of the rod 33 being engaged with the thread of the nut 31. The screw 29 is housed in the groove 32 of the nut 31 so as to prevent the rotation of the nut 31 in the cylinder 28. The calibration screw 34 makes it possible to control, by rotation of the rod setting 33, moving the nut 31 in the cylinder 28 and modifying the compression of the setting spring 30. The setting screw 34 therefore makes it possible to adjust the stiffness of the setting spring 30. The setting rod 33 is supported against a blade 35 of the microswitch 25, at the end of the rod 33 opposite to that where the calibration screw 34 is located. At its other end, the rod 33 is in abutment against one end of the lever 27. The rod 33 can slide and rotate in the cylinder 28. The lever 27 is linked to the end piece 8, at its end remote from the rod 33 and is pivotally mounted about an intermediate axis D.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif de compression est placé dans un coffre parallélépipédique 37, l'embout de sortie 8, le levier 27 et l'extrémité de la vis de tarage 34 faisant saillie sur une même face étroite 40 du coffre 37.According to the invention, the compression device is placed in a parallelepiped trunk 37, the outlet nozzle 8, the lever 27 and the end of the setting screw 34 projecting from the same narrow face 40 of the trunk 37.

On va expliquer, ci-après, le fonctionnement du dispositif de compression qui vient d'être décrit.We will explain, below, the operation of the compression device which has just been described.

Avant la phase de compression, le centre du galet 13 est à une distance minimale de l'axe A, ce qui correspond à la position I sur la figure 2. Lorsque la came 12 est entraînée en rotation par la roue dentée 11, dans le sens d'horloge selon la représentation des dessins, le galet 13 contourne le profil de la came 12, comme le montre les positions II et III sur la figure 2. Le centre du galet 13 s'éloigne alors progressivement de l'axe A, de sorte que le balancier 14 pivote autour de l'axe B. La rotation du balancier 14 engendre le déplacement longitudinal de la tige 15, ainsi que la compression du ressort de rappel 16. La tige 15 pousse le piston 2 dans le corps de seringue 3 et ferme l'orifice 21 du piston 2. A la fin de la phase de compression, le galet se trouve à la position IV sur la figure 2 ; le piston 2 est en butée contre la paroi tronconique 5 du corps de seringue 3, de telle sorte que le volume mort du corps de seringue soit minimal. L'air comprimé s'échappe par la soupape de refoulement 18 puis alimente le réservoir 9a par le tuyau 9.Before the compression phase, the center of the roller 13 is at a minimum distance from the axis A, this which corresponds to position I in FIG. 2. When the cam 12 is rotated by the toothed wheel 11, in the clockwise direction according to the representation of the drawings, the roller 13 bypasses the profile of the cam 12, as the shows positions II and III in Figure 2. The center of the roller 13 then gradually moves away from the axis A, so that the balance 14 pivots about the axis B. The rotation of the balance 14 generates the longitudinal displacement of the rod 15, as well as the compression of the return spring 16. The rod 15 pushes the piston 2 into the syringe body 3 and closes the orifice 21 of the piston 2. At the end of the compression phase, the roller found in position IV in Figure 2; the piston 2 abuts against the frustoconical wall 5 of the syringe body 3, so that the dead volume of the syringe body is minimal. The compressed air escapes through the discharge valve 18 and then feeds the reservoir 9 a through the pipe 9.

La compression étant sensiblement isotherme, l'échauffement est minimum et le rendement est amélioré. Le fonctionnement à puissance constante permet d'exploiter au mieux les performances du moteur électrique d'entraînement.The compression being substantially isothermal, the heating is minimum and the yield is improved. Operation at constant power makes the most of the performance of the electric drive motor.

La phase d'admission est assurée par la détente du ressort de rappel 16. Durant la détente du ressort de rappel 16, le centre du galet 13 passe d'une position la plus éloignée par rapport à l'axe A à une position la plus proche de l'axe A, correspondant au passage de la position IV à la position I sur la figure 2. Pendant la phase d'admission, le piston 2 se déplace dans le corps de seringue 3 à une vitesse plus élevée que celle de la phase de compression. La tige 15 tracte le piston 2, l'orifice 21 du piston 2 est alors ouvert, ce qui permet l'aspiration d'air dans le corps de seringue 3.The intake phase is ensured by the relaxation of the return spring 16. During the relaxation of the return spring 16, the center of the roller 13 passes from a position furthest from the axis A to a position most close to axis A, corresponding to the passage from position IV to position I in FIG. 2. During the admission phase, the piston 2 moves in the syringe body 3 at a higher speed than that of the compression phase. The rod 15 pulls the piston 2, the orifice 21 of the piston 2 is then opened, which allows the suction of air into the syringe body 3.

Tant que la pression dans le réservoir 9a n'atteint pas la pression limite de remplissage, le moyen de tarage 26 maintient, par l'intermédiaire du levier 27, l'embout 8 en appui sur l'enveloppe 7. Lorsque la pression du réservoir 9a atteint la pression limite de remplissage, l'embout 8 se déplace longitudinalement vers l'extérieur d'environ 1 mm et provoque la rotation du levier 27 autour de l'axe D. La tige de tarage 33 se déplace alors longitudinalement, dans le sens opposé au sens de déplacement de l'embout 8, provoquant le déplacement de la lame 35 du microrupteur 25. Le moteur 1 est alors coupé par le microrupteur 25.As long as the pressure in the reservoir 9 a does not reach the filling limit pressure, the calibration means 26 maintains, by means of the lever 27, the nozzle 8 in abutment on the casing 7. When the pressure of the tank 9 has reached the filling limit pressure, the nozzle 8 moves longitudinally towards the outside by about 1 mm and causes the lever 27 to rotate about the axis D. The setting rod 33 then moves longitudinally, in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the end piece 8, causing the blade 35 of the microswitch 25 to move. The motor 1 is then cut by the microswitch 25.

Lorsque le réservoir descend en pression, il y a une baisse de pression à l'intérieur de l'embout, de sorte que le ressort de tarage 30 ramène, par l'intermédiaire du levier 27, l'embout en butée sur l'enveloppe 7. La tige de tarage 33 subit un déplacement de telle façon que le microrupteur 25 provoque le démarrage du moteur 1.When the reservoir drops in pressure, there is a drop in pressure inside the end piece, so that the calibration spring 30 brings the end piece back, by means of the lever 27, to the casing 7. The setting rod 33 undergoes a displacement so that the microswitch 25 causes the engine 1 to start.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation plus simple, le dispositif de compression ne comporte pas de manomètre, l'embout 8 est fixe et le piston 2 ne vient pas en butée contre la paroi tronconique 5 du corps de seringue 3, de sorte qu'il subsiste un volume mort dans le corps de seringue 3.In another simpler embodiment, the compression device does not include a pressure gauge, the nozzle 8 is fixed and the piston 2 does not abut against the frustoconical wall 5 of the syringe body 3, so that it a dead volume remains in the syringe body 3.

Dès que la pression dans le réservoir 9a est égale à la pression dans le volume mort du corps de seringue 3 à la fin de la phase de compression, la soupape de refoulement 18 se ferme, sans que le moteur 1 s'arrête.As soon as the pressure in the reservoir 9 a is equal to the pressure in the dead volume of the syringe body 3 at the end of the compression phase, the discharge valve 18 closes, without the engine 1 stopping.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 3, le dispositif de compression est disposé pour une présentation compacte. Comme visible sur la figure 3, le moteur 1 est disposé contre une grande face 39 du coffre 37 et le moyen de tarage 26 est situé au-dessus du moteur 1, avec son axe orthogonal à celui du moteur 1. Le moyen de transmission T, avec le pignon 10, la roue 11 et la came 12, est disposé au voisinage de la partie haute de l'autre grande face 39 du coffre 37. Le corps de seringue 3 est disposé en partie basse de cette grande face 39, avec son axe parallèle à celui du moyen de tarage 26. Le levier 27 est incliné sur la verticale.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the compression device is arranged for a compact presentation. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the motor 1 is arranged against a large face 39 of the trunk 37 and the calibration means 26 is located above the motor 1, with its axis orthogonal to that of the motor 1. The transmission means T, with the pinion 10, the wheel 11 and the cam 12, is arranged in the vicinity of the upper part of the other large face 39 of the trunk 37. The syringe body 3 is disposed in the lower part of this large face 39, with its axis parallel to that of the setting means 26. The lever 27 is inclined on the vertical.

En se référant à la figure 4, on voit que le système de compression est constitué de plusieurs modules de compression placés en parallèle, les grandes faces 39 en appui les unes contre les autres, afin d'accélérer le remplissage du réservoir 9a. Les sorties des embouts 8 des modules sont reliées par un tube souple 38. Tous les modules peuvent être munis d'un dispositif d'arrêt du moteur, mais cela n'est pas nécessaire. Un seul module muni du dispositif d'arrêt du moteur peut suffire, qui engendre simultanément l'arrêt des autres modules soit directement, soit par l'intermédiaire d'un relais lorsque le pouvoir de coupure du microrupteur 25 risque d'être dépassé.Referring to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the compression system consists of several compression modules placed in parallel, the large faces 39 pressing against each other, in order to accelerate the filling of the reservoir 9 a . The outputs of the end pieces 8 of the modules are connected by a flexible tube 38. All the modules can be provided with an engine stop device, but this is not necessary. A single module fitted with the motor stop device may suffice, which simultaneously causes the stop of the other modules either directly or via a relay when the breaking capacity of the microswitch 25 risks being exceeded.

On a représenté sur les figures 5 et 6 un dispositif de compression correspondant à un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Les éléments de ce dispositif identiques ou jouant des rôles analogues à des éléments décrits à propos des figures précédentes sont désignés par des références numériques égales à la somme du nombre 100 et de la référence utilisée précédemment. La description de ces éléments ne sera pas reprise ou ne sera effectuée que succinctement.FIGS. 5 and 6 show a compression device corresponding to a third embodiment of the invention. The elements of this device identical or playing roles analogous to elements described in connection with the preceding figures are designated by numerical references equal to the sum of the number 100 and the reference used previously. The description of these elements will not be repeated or will be done only briefly.

En se référant à la figure 5, on voit que les moyens élastiques prévus pour maintenir le galet 113 en appui contre la came 112 sont constitués d'un ressort de rappel 116. Le ressort de rappel 116 est, dans l'exemple considéré, constitué par un ressort de traction lié à l'une de ses extrémités à un axe E solidaire du bâti 136 et, à son autre extrémité, à un axe F du balancier 114, l'axe F étant situé entre l'axe de rotation B du balancier 114 et le galet 113. La disposition du ressort 116, des points de liaison E,F des extrémités du ressort est telle que lorsque la distance EF augmente (et donc lorsque la force du ressort 116 augmente), la distance de l'axe de rotation B à la droite EF diminue. De ce fait, le bras de levier de la force développée par le ressort 116 relativement à l'axe B diminue, ce qui compense, au niveau du couple de rappel, l'augmentation de la force. De préférence, lorsque l'élongation du ressort 116 est minimale, la droite EF est tangente à la circonférence centrée sur B et passant par F.Referring to FIG. 5, it can be seen that the elastic means provided for holding the roller 113 in abutment against the cam 112 consist of a return spring 116. The return spring 116 is, in the example considered, constituted by a tension spring linked at one of its ends to an axis E secured to the frame 136 and, at its other end, to an axis F of the balance 114, the axis F being located between the axis of rotation B of the balance 114 and the roller 113. The arrangement of the spring 116, of the connection points E, F of the ends of the spring is such that when the distance EF increases (and therefore when the force of the spring 116 increases), the distance from the axis of rotation B to the right EF decreases. Therefore, the lever arm of the force developed by the spring 116 relative to the axis B decreases, which compensates, at the level of the restoring torque, the increase in the force. Preferably, when the elongation of the spring 116 is minimal, the straight line EF is tangent to the circumference centered on B and passing through F.

La soupape d'admission 124 du corps de seringue 103 est constituée d'un dispositif à perte de mouvement disposé dans le piston 102. Le dispositif à perte de mouvement comprend une sphère 115a fixée à l'extrémité de la tige 115, liée au piston 102, dans lequel est prévu un logement 123 de plus grand volume que celui de la sphère 115a. La sphère 115a est située dans le logement 123. Le piston 102 possède un orifice 121 dans le prolongement de la tige 115 et deux orifices d'admission 121a, 121b. Une lèvre annulaire 123a entoure l'orifice 121 à l'intérieur du logement 123.The inlet valve 124 of the syringe body 103 consists of a loss of movement device disposed in the piston 102. The loss of movement device comprises a sphere 115 a fixed to the end of the rod 115, linked to the piston 102, in which is provided a housing 123 of greater volume than that of the sphere 115 a . The sphere 115 a is located in the housing 123. The piston 102 has an orifice 121 in the extension of the rod 115 and two intake orifices 121 a , 121 b . Has an annular lip 123 surrounds the orifice 121 within the housing 123.

L'embout de sortie 108 est solidaire de l'enveloppe 107 contenant le corps de seringue 103 et comporte une canalisation 109 reliée à un réservoir (non représenté).The outlet nozzle 108 is integral with the envelope 107 containing the syringe body 103 and comprises a pipe 109 connected to a reservoir (not shown).

Sur la canalisation 109 est placé un manocontact. Le manocontact est constitué d'un microrupteur 125 et d'un moyen de tarage de pression de coupure 126. Le moyen de tarage 126 comprend un tube transparent et gradué 128 ouvert à l'extrémité qui n'est pas liée à la canalisation 109. Dans le tube 128 se déplace un piston 141 lié à un ressort de traction 130. La face du piston 141 est tournée vers l'extérieur. Le levier de commande 135 du microrupteur 125 fait face à l'extrémité ouverte du tube 128. Le tube 128 comporte vers son extrémité ouverte un orifice 142 de mise à l'air libre.On the line 109 is placed a pressure switch. The pressure switch consists of a microswitch 125 and a cut-off pressure setting means 126. The setting means 126 comprises a transparent and graduated tube 128 open at the end which is not linked to the pipe 109. In the tube 128 moves a piston 141 linked to a tension spring 130. The face of the piston 141 faces outwards. The control lever 135 of the microswitch 125 faces the open end of the tube 128. The tube 128 has, towards its open end, an orifice 142 for venting to the open air.

On va expliquer, ci-après, le fonctionnement du dispositif de compression qui vient d'être décrit.We will explain, below, the operation of the compression device which has just been described.

Avant la phase de compression, le ressort de rappel 116 est à son élongation minimale et le bras de levier du ressort est maximal. A la fin de la phase de compression, c'est-à-dire lorsque le galet 113 se trouve en position IV sur la figure 2, le ressort de rappel 116 est à son élongation maximale et le bras de levier du ressort est minimal (position représentée en pointillé sur la figure 5). On voit ainsi que la disposition du ressort de rappel 116 est telle que l'augmentation de la force du ressort 116 par extension est sensiblement compensée, au niveau du couple de rappel, par une réduction du bras de levier du ressort, de sorte que l'énergie absorbée par le ressort 116 et demandée au moteur 101 est sensiblement constante pendant la phase de compression. Cette énergie accumulée est restituée pour assurer la phase d'admission.Before the compression phase, the return spring 116 is at its minimum elongation and the lever arm of the spring is maximum. At the end of the compression phase, that is to say when the roller 113 is in position IV in FIG. 2, the return spring 116 is at its maximum elongation and the lever arm of the spring is minimal ( position shown in dotted lines in Figure 5). It can thus be seen that the arrangement of the return spring 116 is such that the increase in the force of the spring 116 by extension is substantially compensated, at the level of the return torque, by a reduction in the lever arm of the spring, so that the the energy absorbed by the spring 116 and requested from the motor 101 is substantially constant during the compression phase. This accumulated energy is returned to ensure the admission phase.

Pendant la phase de compression, la sphère 115a s'appuie sur la lèvre annulaire intérieure 123a et ferme l'orifice 121, la lèvre annulaire 123a assurant une étanchéité de l'orifice 121 d'autant plus grande que la pression dans le corps de seringue 103 est plus forte. La sphère 115a permet de maintenir l'étanchéité de l'orifice 121 malgré l'obliquité variable de la tige de commande 115. A la fin de la phase de compression, le piston 102 est en butée contre la paroi tronconique 105 du corps de seringue 103, de telle sorte que le volume mort du corps de seringue soit minimal.During the compression phase, the sphere 115 a rests on the inner annular lip 123 a and closes the orifice 121, the annular lip 123 a ensuring the sealing of the orifice 121 the greater the pressure in the syringe body 103 is stronger. The sphere 115 a makes it possible to maintain the tightness of the orifice 121 despite the variable obliquity of the control rod 115. At the end of the compression phase, the piston 102 is in abutment against the frustoconical wall 105 of the body of syringe 103, so that the dead volume of the syringe body is minimal.

Lorsque le réservoir monte en pression, la pression s'élève également dans le tube 128 et déplace, par poussée, le piston 141 vers l'extrémité ouverte du tube, le ressort de traction 130 contrôlant le déplacement du piston en fonction de la pression dans le tube 128. Lorsque la pression dans le réservoir atteint une pression limite prédéterminée, le piston 141 pousse le levier 135 du microrupteur 125 et commande l'arrêt du moteur 101.When the reservoir rises in pressure, the pressure also rises in the tube 128 and moves, by pushing, the piston 141 towards the open end of the tube, the tension spring 130 controlling the displacement of the piston as a function of the pressure in the tube 128. When the pressure in the reservoir reaches a predetermined limit pressure, the piston 141 pushes the lever 135 of the microswitch 125 and controls the stopping of the motor 101.

Si la pression du réservoir dépasse (accidentellement) la pression limite prédéterminée, le piston 141 découvre l'orifice 142 du tube 128 qui établit une fuite à l'atmosphère et provoque une baisse de pression dans le réservoir.If the tank pressure exceeds (accidentally) the predetermined limit pressure, the piston 141 discovers the orifice 142 of the tube 128 which establishes a leak to the atmosphere and causes a drop in pressure in the tank.

Si l'orifice 142 est bouché, le piston 141 continue son déplacement et sort du tube 128 pour provoquer la vidange rapide d'air comprimé.If the orifice 142 is blocked, the piston 141 continues its movement and leaves the tube 128 to cause the rapid emptying of compressed air.

En se référant à la figure 6, on voit que le coffre parallélépipédique 137 comporte sur une face étroite 140 une ouverture 143. L'ouverture 143 fait apparaître la graduation du tube 128 qui repère la position du piston 141 et permet d'évaluer la pression à l'intérieur du réservoir.Referring to FIG. 6, it can be seen that the parallelepiped trunk 137 has on an narrow face 140 an opening 143. The opening 143 shows the graduation of the tube 128 which marks the position of the piston 141 and makes it possible to evaluate the pressure inside the tank.

Bien entendu, le profil de la came 112 est déterminé, comme celui de la came 12, pour assurer une compression du gaz sensiblement isotherme, à puissance constante.Of course, the profile of the cam 112 is determined, like that of the cam 12, to ensure compression of the substantially isothermal gas, at constant power.

Claims (19)

1 - Dispositif de compression d'un fluide, en particulier pour le remplissage sous pression d'un réservoir, comprenant un moteur (1, 101), un piston (2, 102) propre à se déplacer linéairement dans un corps de pompe, un moyen de transmission (T) entre le moteur (1, 101) et le piston (2, 102) propre à transformer le mouvement rotatif fourni par le moteur (1, 101) en un mouvement de translation alternatif du piston (2, 102), des moyens de variation de vitesse (12, 13, 16 ; 112, 113, 116) propres à communiquer au piston (2, 102) du compresseur une vitesse différente selon la résistance opposée au moteur (1, 101) au cours d'un cycle complet admission-compression, de sorte que le couple résistant soit sensiblement constant, caractérisé par le fait : - que le fluide comprimé est un gaz ; - que la came (12, 112) a un profil (12a, 112a) déterminé de manière telle que les déplacements du piston (2, 102), commandés par cette came, permettent de comprimer le gaz à puissance constante, selon une variation de pression dans le cylindre de compression répondant sensiblement à la relation PV = constante, de la compression isotherme d'un gaz parfait, P étant la pression du gaz et V le volume de ce gaz, - et que la fréquence de déplacement du piston (2, 102) est choisie de manière à limiter l'échauffement du gaz provenant d'un écart entre les propriétés théoriques du gaz parfait et les propriétés du gaz réel et des frottements,en assurant une compression sensiblement isotherme. 1 - Device for compressing a fluid, in particular for filling a tank under pressure, comprising a motor (1, 101), a piston (2, 102) capable of moving linearly in a pump body, a transmission means (T) between the engine (1, 101) and the piston (2, 102) suitable for transforming the rotary movement provided by the engine (1, 101) into a reciprocating translational movement of the piston (2, 102) , speed variation means (12, 13, 16; 112, 113, 116) suitable for communicating to the piston (2, 102) of the compressor a different speed depending on the resistance opposed to the motor (1, 101) during a complete intake-compression cycle, so that the resisting torque is substantially constant, characterized by the fact: - that the compressed fluid is a gas; - that the cam (12, 112) has a profile (12 a , 112 a ) determined in such a way that the displacements of the piston (2, 102), controlled by this cam, make it possible to compress the gas at constant power, according to a pressure variation in the compression cylinder corresponding substantially to the relation PV = constant, of the isothermal compression of an ideal gas, P being the pressure of the gas and V the volume of this gas, - And that the frequency of displacement of the piston (2, 102) is chosen so as to limit the heating of the gas coming from a difference between the theoretical properties of the ideal gas and the properties of real gas and friction, by ensuring a substantially isothermal compression. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par le fait que la fréquence de déplacement du piston (2,102) est inférieure à 10 Hz. 2. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the displacement frequency of the piston (2.102) is less than 10 Hz. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 caractérisé par le fait que la fréquence de déplacement du piston (2, 102) est inférieure à 3 Hz. 3. Device according to claim 2 characterized in that the displacement frequency of the piston (2, 102) is less than 3 Hz. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3 dans lequel la vitesse de rotation de la came est constante caractérisé par le fait que te contour (12a) de la came (12) est compris entre deux courbes limites (12b, 12c) dont le rayon polaire pour un angle ϑ est respectivement 0,9 R et 1,1 R, la valeur R étant déterminée par l'équation suivante :
Figure imgb0013
où Ro, R sont les rayons polaires minimal et maximal, l'angle polaire ϑM correspondant au rayon R M , et Po, PM les pressions minimale et maximale.
4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the speed of rotation of the cam is constant, characterized in that the contour (12 a ) of the cam (12) is between two limit curves (12 b , 12 c ) whose polar radius for an angle ϑ is respectively 0.9 R and 1.1 R, the value R being determined by the following equation:
Figure imgb0013
where Ro, R are the minimum and maximum polar radii, the polar angle ϑ M corresponding to the radius R M , and Po, P M the minimum and maximum pressures.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens de transmission (T) comprennent un pignon denté (10, 110) fixé sur l'arbre du moteur, qui engrène sur une roue dentée (11, 111) pour constituer un réducteur, la came (12, 112) étant fixée sur un axe (A) passant par le centre de la roue dentée (11, 111), le galet (13, 113) étant en contact avec la périphérie de la came (12, 112) et fixé à l'extrémité d'un balancier (14, 114), le balancier (14, 114) pivotant autour d'un axe (B) intermédiaire, l'autre extrémité du balancier (14, 114) étant reliée par une tige (15, 115) au piston (2, 102). 5. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission means (T) comprise a toothed pinion (10, 110) fixed on the motor shaft, which meshes on a toothed wheel (11, 111) to constitute a reduction gear, the cam (12, 112) being fixed on an axis (A) passing through the center of the toothed wheel (11, 111), the roller (13, 113) being in contact with the periphery of the cam (12 , 112) and fixed to the end of a balance (14, 114), the balance (14, 114) pivoting about an intermediate axis (B), the other end of the balance (14, 114) being connected by a rod (15, 115) to the piston (2, 102). 6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 caractérisé par le fait que les moyens élastiques (116) sont constitués par un ressort de rappel, en particulier un ressort de traction, lié à l'une de ses extrémités au bâti (136) et à son autre extrémité à un point du balancier (114), en particulier dans le cas d'un ressort de traction à un point du balancier situé entre l'axe d'articulation (B) et le galet (113), la disposition des points de liaison des extrémités du ressort étant telle que l'augmentation de la force du ressort, lorsque le galet s'écarte du centre (A) de la came, est sensiblement compensée par une réduction du bras de levier du ressort 6. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the elastic means (116) consist of a return spring, in particular a tension spring, connected at one of its ends to the frame (136) and to its other end at a point of the pendulum (114), in particular in the case of a tension spring at a point on the balance located between the hinge pin (B) and the roller (113), the arrangement of the connection points of the ends of the spring being such that the increase in the force of the spring , when the roller moves away from the center (A) of the cam, is substantially compensated by a reduction in the lever arm of the spring 7. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le piston (2 ; 102) comporte un orifice (21 ; 121) dans le prolongement de la tige (15 ; 115), la liaison tige piston étant assurée par un dispositif à perte de mouvement (15a, 22, 23 ; 115a, 123) de sorte que dans la phase de traction du piston (2 ; 102) par la tige (15 ; 115), l'orifice (21 ; 121) soit ouvert, ce qui permet l'aspiration, tandis que dans la phase de poussée, l'orifice (21 ; 121) est fermé par la tige (15 ; 115), ce qui permet la compression. 7. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (2; 102) has an orifice (21; 121) in the extension of the rod (15; 115), the piston rod connection being ensured by a device with loss of movement (15 a , 22, 23; 115 a , 123) so that in the phase of traction of the piston (2; 102) by the rod (15; 115), the orifice (21; 121) is open , which allows suction, while in the pushing phase, the orifice (21; 121) is closed by the rod (15; 115), which allows compression. 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 caractérisé par le fait que l'orifice (21) du piston (2) est coaxial au piston, et le dispositif à perte de mouvement comprend un bloc (22), lié au piston (2), dans lequel est prévu un logement axial (23) ayant un plus grand diamètre sur sa longueur, tandis que la tige (15) comporte un plus grand diamètre sur une partie (15a) de sa longueur, la partie (15a) de plus grand diamètre de la tige (15) étant située dans le logement (23), la longueur de la partie (15a) de plus grand diamètre de la tige (15) étant inférieure à la longueur du logement (23) du bloc (22). 8. Device according to claim 7 characterized in that the orifice (21) of the piston (2) is coaxial with the piston, and the loss-of-movement device comprises a block (22), linked to the piston (2), in wherein is provided an axial housing (23) having a larger diameter over its length, while the rod (15) has a larger diameter over a portion (15 a) of its length, the portion (15a) of larger diameter of the rod (15) being located in the housing (23), the length of the part (15 a ) of larger diameter of the rod (15) being less than the length of the housing (23) of the block (22) . 9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif à perte de mouvement comprend une sphère (115a) fixée à l'extrémité de la tige (115), liée au piston (102), dans lequel est prévu un logement (123) de volume plus grand que celui de la sphère (115a), la sphère (115a) étant située dans le logement (123), une lèvre annulaire (123a) entourant l'orifice (121) à l'intérieur du logement (123). 9. Device according to claim 8 characterized in that the loss of movement device comprises a sphere (115 a ) fixed to the end of the rod (115), linked to the piston (102), in which is provided a housing (123) of greater volume than that of the sphere (115 a ), the sphere (115 a ) being located in the housing (123), an annular lip (123 a ) surrounding the orifice (121) inside the housing (123). 10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 caractérisé par le fait que le corps de pompe est un corps de seringue (3, 103) constitué d'une paroi cylindrique (4, 104) reliée par une paroi tronconique (5, 105) à un nez (6, 106), ledit corps de seringue (3, 103) étant contenu dans une enveloppe (7, 107) munie d'un embout (8, 108) à son extrémite voisine du nez (6, 106) de la seringue (3, 103), l'embout (8, 108) étant relié par un tuyau (9, 109) à un réservoir (9a). 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that the pump body is a syringe body (3, 103) consisting of a cylindrical wall (4, 104) connected by a frustoconical wall (5, 105) to a nose (6, 106), said syringe body (3, 103) being contained in an envelope (7, 107) provided with a tip (8, 108) at its end close to the nose (6, 106 ) of the syringe (3, 103), the nozzle (8, 108) being connected by a pipe (9, 109) to a reservoir (9 a ). 11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que le corps de seringue (3, 103) comporte une soupape de refoulement (18, 118), ladite soupape de refoulement (18, 118) étant constituée d'un manchon souple (19, 119) placé autour du nez (6, 106) de la seringue (3, 103), le nez (6, 106) de la seringue comportant au moins une ouverture (20, 120) recouverte par ce manchon (19, 119), de sorte que l'ouverture soit ouverte pendant la phase de compression et fermée pendant la phase d'admission. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the syringe body (3, 103) comprises a delivery valve (18, 118), said delivery valve (18, 118) consisting of a flexible sleeve ( 19, 119) placed around the nose (6, 106) of the syringe (3, 103), the nose (6, 106) of the syringe having at least one opening (20, 120) covered by this sleeve (19, 119 ), so that the opening is open during the compression phase and closed during the intake phase. 12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'embout (8) est mobile et monté coulissant dans un alésage d'extrémité de l'enveloppe (7). 12. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the end piece (8) is movable and slidably mounted in an end bore of the envelope (7). 13 - Dispositif selon la revendication 12 caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un manocontact constitué d'un microrupteur (25) et d'un moyen de tarage (26) de pression de coupure commandé par un levier (27), ledit moyen de tarage (26) comprenant une tige de tarage (33) entre le microrupteur (25) et le levier (27), le levier (27) étant lié à une de ses extrémités à l'embout, à son autre extrémité au moyen de tarage (26) et étant monté pivotant autour d'un axe intermédiaire (D), de telle sorte que lorsque la pression dans le réservoir (9a) dépasse la pression de tarage, l'embout (8) se déplace, engendrant la rotation du levier (27), le déplacement de la tige de tarage (33) et la coupure du moteur (1) par le microrupteur (25). 13 - Device according to claim 12 characterized in that it comprises a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch (25) and a setting means (26) of cut-off pressure controlled by a lever (27), said means calibration (26) comprising a calibration rod (33) between the microswitch (25) and the lever (27), the lever (27) being connected at one of its ends to the end piece, at its other end by means of calibration (26) and being mounted pivoting about an axis intermediate (D), so that when the pressure in the tank (9 a ) exceeds the setting pressure, the end piece (8) moves, causing the rotation of the lever (27), the displacement of the setting rod (33) and the shutdown of the motor (1) by the microswitch (25). 14. Dispositif selon la revendication 11 caractérisé par le fait que l'axe longitudinal du ressort du moyen de tarage s'étend sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du corps de seringue (3, 103), les différents éléments étant supportés par un bâti (36, 136), le moteur (1, 101) étant disposé entre l'axe longitudinal du ressort du moyen de tarage et le corps de seringue (3, 103), avec son axe sensiblement orthogonal au plan de l'axe longitudinal du ressort du moyen de tarage et de l'axe du corps de seringue (3, 103) 14. Device according to claim 11 characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the spring of the calibration means extends substantially parallel to the axis of the syringe body (3, 103), the various elements being supported by a frame ( 36, 136), the motor (1, 101) being arranged between the longitudinal axis of the spring of the calibration means and the syringe body (3, 103), with its axis substantially orthogonal to the plane of the longitudinal axis of the spring the calibration means and the axis of the syringe body (3, 103) 15 - Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un manocontact constitué d'un microrupteur (125) et d'un moyen de tarage de pression de coupure (126), ledit moyen de tarage (126) comprenant un tube (128), en particulier transparent et gradué, relié à la canalisation (109) allant de l'embout (108) au réservoir et dans lequel se déplace sous l'action de la pression du fluide, un piston (141) retenu par un ressort de traction (130) de telle sorte que lorsque la pression dans le réservoir dépasse une pression limite prédéterminée, le piston (141) coupe le moteur (101) par le microrupteur (125). 15 - Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises a pressure switch consisting of a microswitch (125) and a cut-off pressure setting means (126), said setting means (126) comprising a tube (128), in particular transparent and graduated, connected to the pipe (109) going from the nozzle (108) to the reservoir and in which moves under the action of the fluid pressure, a piston (141) retained by a tension spring (130) so that when the pressure in the reservoir exceeds a predetermined limit pressure, the piston (141) cuts the motor (101) by the microswitch (125). 16 - Dispositif selon la revendication 15 , caractérisé par le fait que le tube (128) comporte un orifice (142) situé vers l'extrémité du tube où se trouve le piston (141) vers la fin de sa course, l'ensemble étant tel que le piston découvre cet orifice qui établit une fuite à l'atmosphère lorsque la pression limite prédéterminée est atteinte dans le réservoir. 16 - Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the tube (128) has an orifice (142) located towards the end of the tube where the piston (141) is located towards the end of its stroke, the assembly being such that the piston discovers this orifice which establishes a leak to the atmosphere when the predetermined limit pressure is reached in the tank. 17 - Dispositif selon la revendication 15 ou 16 , caractérisé par le fait que le tube (128) est ouvert à son extrémité proche du microrupteur (125) de telle sorte que le piston (141) sorte du tube (128) lorsque, dans le réservoir, la pression limite prédéterminée est dépassée. 17 - Device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the tube (128) is open at its end close to the microswitch (125) so that the piston (141) comes out of the tube (128) when, in the tank, the predetermined limit pressure is exceeded. 18. Ensemble de compression, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des dispositifs de compression selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, disposés dans des coffres parallélépipèdiques (37) et placés en parallèle, grande face (39) contre grande face, l'embout de sortie (8), le levier (27) et l'extrémité de la vis de tarage (34) faisant saillie sur une même face étroite (40) du coffre (37). 18. Compression assembly, characterized in that it comprises compression devices according to one of claims 1 to 5, arranged in parallelepipedic boxes (37) and placed in parallel, large face (39) against large face, the outlet end piece (8), the lever (27) and the end of the setting screw (34) projecting on the same narrow face (40) of the trunk (37). 19 - Ensemble de compression, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend des dispositifs de compression selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, disposés dans des coffres parallélépipédiques (137) et placés en parallèle, grande face (139) contre grande face, la graduation du tube (128) étant apparente sur une face étroite (140) du coffre (137). 19 - Compression assembly, characterized in that it comprises compression devices according to one of claims 1 to 5, arranged in parallelepipedic boxes (137) and placed in parallel, large face (139) against large face, the graduation of the tube (128) being visible on a narrow face (140) of the trunk (137).
EP91401216A 1990-05-15 1991-05-07 Compression device, especially for filling a tank under pressure Expired - Lifetime EP0461943B1 (en)

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FR9006043 1990-05-15
FR909006043A FR2662215B1 (en) 1990-05-15 1990-05-15 COMPRESSION DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR PRESSURE FILLING OF A TANK.

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CA2042567C (en) 2001-07-10
DE69110769T2 (en) 1996-04-11
FR2662215B1 (en) 1994-10-21
EP0461943A3 (en) 1992-07-01
FR2662215A1 (en) 1991-11-22
ATE124499T1 (en) 1995-07-15
CA2042567A1 (en) 1991-11-16
JPH05172053A (en) 1993-07-09
DE69110769D1 (en) 1995-08-03
US5151015A (en) 1992-09-29
JP2969298B2 (en) 1999-11-02
EP0461943B1 (en) 1995-06-28

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