EP0461435B1 - Application of aromatic carboxylic esters as lubricant in refrigerant compressors - Google Patents

Application of aromatic carboxylic esters as lubricant in refrigerant compressors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461435B1
EP0461435B1 EP91108312A EP91108312A EP0461435B1 EP 0461435 B1 EP0461435 B1 EP 0461435B1 EP 91108312 A EP91108312 A EP 91108312A EP 91108312 A EP91108312 A EP 91108312A EP 0461435 B1 EP0461435 B1 EP 0461435B1
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Prior art keywords
esters
refrigerant
lubricants
lubricant
aromatic carboxylic
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EP91108312A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0461435A1 (en
Inventor
Boy Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Cornils
Jürgen Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Weber
Peter Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Lappe
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Springer
Ewald Dipl.-Ing. Preisegger
Rainer Dipl.-Ing. Henrici
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • C10M105/34Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32Esters
    • C10M105/36Esters of polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/282Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/284Esters of aromatic monocarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/285Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/34Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34Lubricating-sealants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36Release agents or mold release agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38Conveyors or chain belts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42Flashing oils or marking oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50Medical uses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of esters of aromatic carboxylic acids as lubricants for refrigerant compressors which are operated with chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons as refrigerants.
  • Refrigerant compressors are widely used to generate refrigeration in industrial, commercial and private areas. These devices work with mechanical compressors which compress the refrigerant, liquefy in the condenser by cooling with air, water or another medium and evaporate in the evaporator with the absorption of heat from the medium to be cooled.
  • the main refrigerants used are ammonia for large systems and chlorofluorocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane for large systems, commercial refrigeration systems and for household appliances.
  • Highly refined, white oil-like, generally naphthenic mineral oils are used to lubricate refrigerant compressors.
  • Alkylaromatics and also polyalpha-olefins are used as fully synthetic oils for refrigerant compressors.
  • the task of the lubricating oils is to lubricate the moving compressor parts, to dissipate the heat from the hot compressor parts and to seal the compression chamber and the valves. These tasks also determine the properties that the lubricating oils must meet. They must be able to withstand thermal loads and remain flowable even at the temperatures of the evaporator. Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that the lubricating oils come from the compression chamber discharged into the refrigerant circuit and cannot be completely removed by downstream oil separators. They must therefore be miscible with the refrigerant over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, so that the return of lubricating oil that has entered the refrigerant circuit is ensured in the compressor.
  • Chlorofluorocarbons have been suspected for some time of damaging the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere. Therefore, efforts are being made to limit their use to those cases in which they cannot be replaced. For the rest, one tries to replace them with substances that have the same effect but are harmless.
  • chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3, 3,3-hexafluoropropane and trifluoromethane can be used. These materials are characterized by high thermal stability and corresponding thermodynamic properties in the temperature ranges that occur during the operation of refrigerant compressors.
  • polyalkylene glycols can only be used as lubricants to a limited extent because they are highly hygroscopic. Drying them to a residual moisture of ⁇ 100 ppm requires a lot of effort. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that moisture is not absorbed again by completely excluding the air. They can therefore only be used in hermetically sealed, small refrigeration systems, e.g. Household refrigerators. In large refrigeration systems, where maintenance work with occasional interventions in the refrigerant circuit is required, considerable moisture absorption can be expected over time. The moisture bound to the polyalkylene glycol can no longer be removed with the help of filter dryers. This leads to problems with metallic materials in the system. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the polyalkylene glycols does not meet all requirements. Above around 180 ° C, such a temperature can occur in the compressor pressure valve under extreme operating conditions, they begin to decompose.
  • the invention thus consists in the use of esters of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid with straight-chain or branched, primary monohydric alcohols with 4 to 20 carbon atoms as lubricants for refrigerant compressors which are operated with chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons as refrigerants.
  • Carboxylic esters derived from aromatic carboxylic acids and monohydric alcohols are widely used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride.
  • the property profile required by the carboxylic acid esters for this application differs fundamentally from the features that lubricants for compression refrigeration machines must have. It was therefore not foreseeable that a class of compound that has proven itself particularly in the field of plastics can also be used successfully in a completely different area of technology.
  • Examples of the alcohol component of the esters used according to the invention are n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 2-methylpentanol, n-hexanol, heptanol (in the form of the isomer mixture), octanol (in Form of the isomer mixture), 2-ethylhexanol, n-octanol, i-nonanol, i-decanol, i-tridecanol, i-hexadecanol and i-octadecanol.
  • the branched-chain primary alcohols with at least 4 carbon atoms have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • the alcohols mentioned are obtained predominantly from olefins by oxosynthesis and subsequent hydrogenation of the aldehydes formed or by aldol condensation. All olefins are suitable for oxosynthesis. It usually leads to a mixture of isomeric alcohols. It is not necessary to separate these mixtures to prepare the esters.
  • Suitable esters for use as lubricants are e.g. Di-2-ethylhexl phthalate, di-isononyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, di-isodecyl terephthalate.
  • the esters of phthalic acid e.g. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-isononyl phthalate, di-isodecyl phthalate.
  • the esters are prepared in a known manner from the aforementioned acids and alcohols in the presence of acidic catalysts.
  • Mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and their acid salts, furthermore trialkyl or triaryl phosphates and p-toluenesulfonic acid are suitable as catalysts.
  • the lubricants used according to the invention have good miscibility with the chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons used as refrigerants, even at -40 ° C., that is to say in the temperature ranges which can occur in compression refrigeration systems.
  • Their viscosity at 40 ° C is between about 10 and 150 cSt and thus corresponds the requirements placed on the lubricant for the area of application described above.
  • They also have excellent thermal stability in the absence of atmospheric oxygen and moisture, that is to say under conditions which must be fulfilled in a refrigerant circuit.
  • the esters are not hygroscopic. They can therefore be dried without much effort. Residual moisture, which may not exceed 35 ppm according to the German standard DIN 51 503, can be easily achieved.
  • esters used as lubricants can be used in pure form, as a mixture of isomeric compounds and as a mixture of two or more esters of different chemical compositions.
  • esters are prepared in the following examples, and their physical properties are also listed insofar as they are important for the use of the esters as lubricants.
  • the scope of the invention is not limited to the described embodiments.
  • the crude ester is neutralized with 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution, then in the presence of 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution Distilled at 135 ° C and 150 mbar (15 kPa) over a period of 3 hours with steam and then washed with water. At a pressure of 150 mbar (15 kPa) and 135 ° C, the ester is dried in a stream of nitrogen for 3 hours. After filtration, 362 g of product are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 93%.
  • a mixture of 148 g (1 mol) of phthalic anhydride and 322 g (2.23 mol) of isononyl alcohol is mixed with 70 g of cyclohexane and in the presence of 0.59 g (0.006 mol) of concentrated sulfuric acid, diluted with 1.48 g of water, as Catalyst esterified at 135 ° C over a period of 12 hours.
  • the water of reaction is removed as an azeotrope.
  • the crude ester is first neutralized with 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution, then distilled over a period of 3 hours at 150 mbar (15 kPa) and 135 ° C. in the presence of 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution with steam.
  • the ester After washing with water until the neutral point has been reached, the ester is dried in a stream of nitrogen at a pressure of 150 mbar (15 kPa) and a temperature of 135 ° C. for 4 hours. After filtration, 388 g of DINP are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 93%.
  • a mixture of 148 g (1 mol) of phthalic anhydride and 152 g (2.05 mol) of n-butanol is 6 hours at 130 ° after adding 50 g of cyclohexane and 5.7 g (0.03 mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst C implemented.
  • the water of reaction released during the esterification is removed as an azeotrope.
  • the acidic catalyst contained in the crude ester is first neutralized. After repeated washing with water, the product is dried for 4 hours at a pressure of 150 mbar (15 kPa) and a temperature of 135 ° C. After filtration, 262 g of di (n-butyl) phthalate are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 94%.
  • esters described above as lubricants are their thermal behavior, their viscosity and their miscibility with refrigerants, prototypes are 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2 H-heptafluoropropane.
  • the thermal stability of the esters is tested in accordance with DIN 51593 in a U-tube at 250/40 ° C and 96 h.
  • the oil-filled leg of the U-tube is set to 250 ° C and is in contact with the vapor phase of the refrigerant, which is condensed into the second leg and then set to 40 ° C.
  • the evaluation is done optically (oil discoloration).
  • an aqueous extract of the vapor phase is checked for fluoride ions by an ion-sensitive electrode.
  • a gas chromatographic analysis of the gas phase provides information about possible gaseous decomposition products of the ester or refrigerant.
  • the chromatogram is compared with that of a blank sample.
  • the viscosity of the esters is measured in an Ubbelohde viscometer at 40 ° C.
  • esters a defined amount of esters (approx. 0.2 to 3 g) are placed in a glass tube of approx. 10 ml content. After immersion in liquid nitrogen, depending on the concentration to be set, between 6 and 3 g of the refrigerant are condensed. The glass tube is then evacuated, sealed by melting and passing through a temperature range of -40 ° C to + 80 ° C with the mixture of certain compositions.
  • the separation point i.e. a point can be determined on the limit curve of the mixture diagram. The totality of the separation points found then gives the limit curve of the mixture gap.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

According to the invention, esters of aromatic carboxylic acids and monohydric alcohols are used as lubricants for refrigerant compressors which are operated with chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons as refrigerant.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Estern aromatischer Carbonsäuren als Schmiermittel für Kältemittelverdichter, die mit chlorfreien, teilfluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen als Kältemittel betrieben werden.The invention relates to the use of esters of aromatic carboxylic acids as lubricants for refrigerant compressors which are operated with chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons as refrigerants.

Zur Kälteerzeugung im industriellen, gewerblichen wie auch im privaten Bereich werden in großem Umfang Kältemittelverdichter eingesetzt. Diese Vorrichtungen arbeiten mit mechanischen Verdichtern, die das Kältemittel komprimieren, im Verflüssiger durch Kühlen mit Luft, Wasser oder einem anderen Medium verflüssigen und im Verdampfer unter Wärmeaufnahme aus dem zu kühlenden Medium verdampfen. Als Kältemittel werden vorwiegend Ammoniak für Großanlagen und Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe wie Dichlordifluormethan, Chlortrifluormethan für Großanlagen, gewerbliche Kälteanlagen und für Haushaltsgeräte eingesetzt.Refrigerant compressors are widely used to generate refrigeration in industrial, commercial and private areas. These devices work with mechanical compressors which compress the refrigerant, liquefy in the condenser by cooling with air, water or another medium and evaporate in the evaporator with the absorption of heat from the medium to be cooled. The main refrigerants used are ammonia for large systems and chlorofluorocarbons such as dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane for large systems, commercial refrigeration systems and for household appliances.

Zur Schmierung von Kältemittelverdichtern verwendet man hochraffinierte, weißölähnliche, im allgemeinen naphthenbasische Mineralöle. Als vollsynthetische Öle für Kältemittelverdichter gelangen Alkylaromaten und daneben auch Polyalpha-olefine zum Einsatz.Highly refined, white oil-like, generally naphthenic mineral oils are used to lubricate refrigerant compressors. Alkylaromatics and also polyalpha-olefins are used as fully synthetic oils for refrigerant compressors.

Aufgabe der Schmieröle ist es, die beweglichen Verdichterteile zu schmieren, die Wärme von den heißen Verdichterteilen abzuführen und den Kompressionsraum sowie die Ventile abzudichten. Diese Aufgaben bestimmen auch die Eigenschaften, denen die Schmieröle genügen müssen. Sie müssen thermischen Belastungen gewachsen sein und auch bei den Temperaturen des Verdampfers fließfähig bleiben. Überdies ist zu berücksichtigen, daß die Schmieröle aus dem Kompressionsraum in den Kältemittelkreislauf ausgetragen werden und durch nachgeschaltete Ölabscheider nicht vollständig entfernt werden können. Sie müssen daher mit dem Kältemittel in weiten Temperatur- und Konzentrationsbereichen mischbar sein, so daß die Rückführung von Schmieröl, das in den Kältemittelkreislauf gelangt ist, in den Verdichter sichergestellt wird.The task of the lubricating oils is to lubricate the moving compressor parts, to dissipate the heat from the hot compressor parts and to seal the compression chamber and the valves. These tasks also determine the properties that the lubricating oils must meet. They must be able to withstand thermal loads and remain flowable even at the temperatures of the evaporator. Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that the lubricating oils come from the compression chamber discharged into the refrigerant circuit and cannot be completely removed by downstream oil separators. They must therefore be miscible with the refrigerant over a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, so that the return of lubricating oil that has entered the refrigerant circuit is ensured in the compressor.

Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe stehen seit einiger Zeit im Verdacht, die Ozonschicht der Erdatmosphäre zu schädigen. Daher ist man bestrebt, ihre Verwendung auf solche Fälle zu beschränken, in denen sie nicht ausgetauscht werden können. Im übrigen versucht man, sie durch gleichwirkende, jedoch unschädliche Stoffe zu ersetzen. Auf dem Gebiet der Kältemittel für Kälteanlagen werden zukünftig chlorfreie, teilfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethan, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluorpropan, Pentafluorethan, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluorpropan und Trifluormethan eingesetzt werden. Diese Stoffe zeichnen sich durch hohe thermische Stabilität und entsprechende thermodynamische Eigenschaften in den Temperaturbereichen aus, die beim Betrieb von Kältemittelverdichtern auftreten.Chlorofluorocarbons have been suspected for some time of damaging the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere. Therefore, efforts are being made to limit their use to those cases in which they cannot be replaced. For the rest, one tries to replace them with substances that have the same effect but are harmless. In the field of refrigerants for refrigeration systems, chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3, 3,3-hexafluoropropane and trifluoromethane can be used. These materials are characterized by high thermal stability and corresponding thermodynamic properties in the temperature ranges that occur during the operation of refrigerant compressors.

Nachteilig ist jedoch, daß diese chlorfreien, aliphatischen Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe nur sehr geringe Mischbarkeit mit den bisher verwendeten Schmiermitteln für Kälteanlagen aufweisen. In weiten Konzentrationsbereichen bilden die beiden Substanzklassen ein Zweiphasengemisch mit dem Ergebnis, daß die Rückführung des aus dem Verdichter ausgetragenen Schmiermittels vor allem bei tiefen Verdampfungstemperaturen erheblich behindert wird. Die bekannten Schmiermittel sind daher in Anlagen mit chlorfreien Kältemittel-Substituten im allgemeinen nicht mehr verwendbar.However, it is disadvantageous that these chlorine-free, aliphatic fluorohydrocarbons have very little miscibility with the lubricants used previously for refrigeration systems. In broad concentration ranges, the two classes of substances form a two-phase mixture with the result that the return of the lubricant discharged from the compressor is considerably hindered, especially at low evaporation temperatures. The known lubricants are therefore generally no longer usable in systems with chlorine-free refrigerant substitutes.

Man hat versucht, diese Schwierigkeiten durch Einsatz von Schmiermitteln auf Basis von Polyalkylenglykolen zu umgehen. Die meisten Polyalkylenglykol-Typen sind zwischen -40 und +50°C mit den genannten chlorfreien Kältemitteln vollständig mischbar. Erst bei Temperaturen oberhalb etwa 50°C treten Mischungslücken auf, die sich zu höheren Temperaturen hin auf einen großen Konzentrationsbereich ausweiten.Attempts have been made to circumvent these difficulties by using lubricants based on polyalkylene glycols. Most types of polyalkylene glycol are completely miscible between -40 and + 50 ° C with the chlorine-free refrigerants mentioned. Mixing gaps only occur at temperatures above about 50 ° C, which expand to higher temperatures over a large concentration range.

Dennoch ist zu erwarten, daß Polyalkylenglykole nur begrenzt als Schmiermittel eingesetzt werden können, weil sie stark hygroskopisch sind. Ihre Trocknung auf eine Restfeuchte von <100 ppm erfordert einen hohen Aufwand. Darüberhinaus ist durch völligen Luftabschluß dafür Sorge zu tragen, daß eine erneute Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme vermieden wird. Sie können daher nur in hermetisch geschlossenen, kleinen Kältesystemen, z.B. Haushaltskühlgeräten, verwendet werden. In großen Kälteanlagen, bei denen Wartungsarbeiten mit gelegentlichen Eingriffen in den Kältemittelkreislauf erforderlich sind, ist im Laufe der Zeit mit einer erheblichen Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme zu rechnen. Die an das Polyalkylenglykol gebundene Feuchtigkeit läßt sich auch mit Hilfe von Filtertrocknern nicht mehr entfernen. Probleme mit metallischen Werkstoffen im System sind daher die Folge. Überdies genügt die thermische Stabilität der Polyalkylenglykole nicht allen Anforderungen. Schon oberhalb etwa 180°C, eine solche Temperatur kann bei extremen Betriebsbedingungen im Druckventil des Verdichters auftreten, beginnen sie sich zu zersetzen.Nevertheless, it can be expected that polyalkylene glycols can only be used as lubricants to a limited extent because they are highly hygroscopic. Drying them to a residual moisture of <100 ppm requires a lot of effort. In addition, care must be taken to ensure that moisture is not absorbed again by completely excluding the air. They can therefore only be used in hermetically sealed, small refrigeration systems, e.g. Household refrigerators. In large refrigeration systems, where maintenance work with occasional interventions in the refrigerant circuit is required, considerable moisture absorption can be expected over time. The moisture bound to the polyalkylene glycol can no longer be removed with the help of filter dryers. This leads to problems with metallic materials in the system. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the polyalkylene glycols does not meet all requirements. Above around 180 ° C, such a temperature can occur in the compressor pressure valve under extreme operating conditions, they begin to decompose.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe Schmiermittel für Kältemittelverdichter bereitzustellen, die frei von den beschriebenen Mängeln bekannter Schmiermittel sind und die immer dann eingesetzt werden können, wenn chlorfreie, teilfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe als Kältemittel Anwendung finden.It was therefore the task of providing lubricants for refrigerant compressors which are free from the described shortcomings of known lubricants and which can be used whenever chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons are used as refrigerants.

Die Erfindung besteht somit in der Verwendung von Estern der Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure oder Terephthalsäure mit geradkettigen oder verzweigten, primären einwertigen Alkoholen mit 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen als Schmiermittel für Kältemittelverdichter, die mit chlorfreien, teilfluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen als Kältemittel betrieben werden.The invention thus consists in the use of esters of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid with straight-chain or branched, primary monohydric alcohols with 4 to 20 carbon atoms as lubricants for refrigerant compressors which are operated with chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons as refrigerants.

Carbonsäureester, die sich von aromatischen Carbonsäuren und einwertigen Alkoholen ableiten, werden in großem Umfang als Weichmacher für Polyvinylchlorid eingesetzt. Das für diese Anwendung von den Carbonsäureestern verlangte Eigenschaftsbild unterscheidet sich jedoch grundlegend von den Merkmalen, die Schmiermittel für Kompressionskältemaschinen aufweisen müssen. Es war daher nicht vorhersehbar, daß eine Verbindungsklasse, die sich vor allem auf dem Gebiet der Kunststoffe bewährt hat, auch in einem völlig anderen Bereich der Technik erfolgreich eingesetzt werden kann.Carboxylic esters derived from aromatic carboxylic acids and monohydric alcohols are widely used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. However, the property profile required by the carboxylic acid esters for this application differs fundamentally from the features that lubricants for compression refrigeration machines must have. It was therefore not foreseeable that a class of compound that has proven itself particularly in the field of plastics can also be used successfully in a completely different area of technology.

Beispiele für die Alkoholkomponente der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Ester sind n-Butanol, Isobutanol, n-Pentanol, 2-Methylbutanol, 3-Methylbutanol, 2-Ethylbutanol, 2-Methylpentanol, n-Hexanol, Heptanol (in Form des Isomerengemisches), Octanol (in Form des Isomerengemisches), 2-Ethylhexanol, n-Octanol, i-Nonanol, i-Decanol, i-Tridecanol, i-Hexadecanol und i-Octadecanol. Als besonders geeignet haben sich die verzweigtkettigen, primären Alkohole mit mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatomen erwiesen.Examples of the alcohol component of the esters used according to the invention are n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 2-methylpentanol, n-hexanol, heptanol (in the form of the isomer mixture), octanol (in Form of the isomer mixture), 2-ethylhexanol, n-octanol, i-nonanol, i-decanol, i-tridecanol, i-hexadecanol and i-octadecanol. The branched-chain primary alcohols with at least 4 carbon atoms have proven to be particularly suitable.

Man erhält die genannten Alkohole vorwiegend aus Olefinen durch Oxosynthese und anschließende Hydrierung der entstandenen Aldehyde oder durch Aldolkondensation. Für die Oxosynthese sind alle Olefine geeignet. Sie führt in der Regel zu einem Gemisch isomerer Alkohole. Zur Herstellung der Ester ist es nicht erforderlich, diese Gemische zu trennen.The alcohols mentioned are obtained predominantly from olefins by oxosynthesis and subsequent hydrogenation of the aldehydes formed or by aldol condensation. All olefins are suitable for oxosynthesis. It usually leads to a mixture of isomeric alcohols. It is not necessary to separate these mixtures to prepare the esters.

Für die Verwendung als Schmiermittel geeignete Ester sind z.B. Di-2-ethylhexlphthalat, Di-isononylphthalat und Di-isodecylphthalat, Di-n-butylphthalat, Di-2-ethylhexylterephthalat, Di-isodecylterephthalat. Besondere Bedeutung haben die Ester der Phthalsäure, z.B. Di-2-ethylhexylphthalat, Di-isononylphthalat, Di-isodecylphthalat.Suitable esters for use as lubricants are e.g. Di-2-ethylhexl phthalate, di-isononyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate, di-isodecyl terephthalate. The esters of phthalic acid, e.g. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-isononyl phthalate, di-isodecyl phthalate.

Die Ester werden in bekannter Weise aus den vorgenannten Säuren und Alkoholen in Gegenwart saurer Katalysatoren hergestellt. Als Katalysatoren eignen sich Mineralsäuren wie Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure, sowie deren saure Salze, ferner Trialkyl- oder Triarylphosphate und p-Toluolsulfonsäure. Um eine möglichst vollständige Umsetzung zu erzielen, empfiehlt es sich, einen der Reaktionspartner im Überschuß anzuwenden und/oder das Reaktionswasser destillativ, gegebenenfalls unter Zusatz eines Azeotropbildners wie Benzol oder Toluol, abzutrennen. Besondere Vorkehrungen zur Erzielung einer hohen Farbstabilität, wie sie bei der Verwendung der Ester als Weichmacher getroffen werden müssen, erübrigen sich bei ihrem Einsatz als Schmiermittel.The esters are prepared in a known manner from the aforementioned acids and alcohols in the presence of acidic catalysts. Mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and their acid salts, furthermore trialkyl or triaryl phosphates and p-toluenesulfonic acid are suitable as catalysts. In order to achieve the most complete possible reaction, it is advisable to use one of the reactants in excess and / or to separate the water of reaction by distillation, if appropriate with the addition of an azeotrope such as benzene or toluene. Special precautions to achieve high color stability, such as must be taken when using the esters as plasticizers, are unnecessary when used as a lubricant.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Schmiermittel besitzen gute Mischbarkeit mit den als Kältemitteln eingesetzten chlorfreien, teilfluorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen auch noch bei -40°C, also in den Temperaturbereichen, die in Kompressionskälteanlagen auftreten können. Ihre Viskosität liegt bei 40°C zwischen etwa 10 und 150 cSt und entspricht damit den Anforderungen, die an das Schmiermittel für das vorbeschriebene Einsatzgebiet gestellt werden. Sie weisen darüber hinaus unter Ausschluß von Luftsauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, also unter Bedingungen, die in einem Kältemittelkreislauf erfüllt sein müssen, ausgezeichnete thermische Stabilität auf. Die Ester sind nicht hygroskopisch. Sie können daher ohne großen Aufwand getrocknet werden. Restfeuchten, die nach der deutschen Norm DIN 51 503 35 ppm nicht überschreiten dürfen, lassen sich ohne weiteres erreichen.The lubricants used according to the invention have good miscibility with the chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons used as refrigerants, even at -40 ° C., that is to say in the temperature ranges which can occur in compression refrigeration systems. Their viscosity at 40 ° C is between about 10 and 150 cSt and thus corresponds the requirements placed on the lubricant for the area of application described above. They also have excellent thermal stability in the absence of atmospheric oxygen and moisture, that is to say under conditions which must be fulfilled in a refrigerant circuit. The esters are not hygroscopic. They can therefore be dried without much effort. Residual moisture, which may not exceed 35 ppm according to the German standard DIN 51 503, can be easily achieved.

Die als Schmiermittel verwendeten Ester können in reiner Form, als Gemisch isomerer Verbindungen und als Mischung von zwei oder mehr Estern unterschiedlicher chemischer Zusammensetzung eingesetzt werden.The esters used as lubricants can be used in pure form, as a mixture of isomeric compounds and as a mixture of two or more esters of different chemical compositions.

In den folgenden Beispielen wird die Herstellung der Ester beschrieben, außerdem werden ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften aufgeführt, soweit sie für die Verwendung der Ester als Schmiermittel bedeutsam sind. Selbstverständlich ist der Umfang der Erfindung nicht auf die geschilderten Ausführungsformen beschränkt.The preparation of the esters is described in the following examples, and their physical properties are also listed insofar as they are important for the use of the esters as lubricants. Of course, the scope of the invention is not limited to the described embodiments.

Beispiel 1: Herstellung von Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalat (DOP) Example 1: Preparation of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP)

148 g (1 mol) Phthalsäureanhydrid werden mit 292 g (2,2 mol) 2-Ethylhexanol versetzt und in Gegenwart von 65 g Cyclohexan als Schleppmittel sowie 0,59 g (0,006 mol) konzentrierter Schwefelsäure, verdünnt mit 1,48 g Wasser, als Katalysator über einen Zeitraum von 7 Stunden bei 135°C verestert. Das Reaktionswasser wird als Azeotrop entfernt.148 g (1 mol) of phthalic anhydride are mixed with 292 g (2.2 mol) of 2-ethylhexanol and in the presence of 65 g of cyclohexane as an entrainer and 0.59 g (0.006 mol) of concentrated sulfuric acid, diluted with 1.48 g of water, esterified as a catalyst at 135 ° C. over a period of 7 hours. The water of reaction is removed as an azeotrope.

Zur Aufarbeitung wird der Rohester mit 5 Gew.-%iger Natronlauge neutralisiert, darauf in Gegenwart 5 Gew.-%iger Natronlauge bei 135°C und 150 mbar (15 kPa) über einen Zeitraum von 3 Stunden mit Wasserdampf destilliert und anschließend mit Wasser gewaschen. Bei einem Druck von 150 mbar (15 kPa) und 135°C wird der Ester 3 Stunden im Stickstoffstrom getrocknet. Nach Filtration werden 362 g Produkt erhalten, entsprechend einer Ausbeute von 93 %.For working up, the crude ester is neutralized with 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution, then in the presence of 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution Distilled at 135 ° C and 150 mbar (15 kPa) over a period of 3 hours with steam and then washed with water. At a pressure of 150 mbar (15 kPa) and 135 ° C, the ester is dried in a stream of nitrogen for 3 hours. After filtration, 362 g of product are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 93%.

Beispiel 2: Herstellung von Di-(isononyl)-phthalat (DINP) Example 2: Preparation of di (isononyl) phthalate (DINP)

Eine Mischung aus 148 g (1 mol) Phthalsäureanhydrid und 322 g (2,23 mol) Isononylalkohol wird mit 70 g Cyclohexan versetzt und in Gegenwart von 0,59 g (0,006 mol) konzentrierter Schwefelsäure, verdünnt mit 1,48 g Wasser, als Katalysator über einen Zeitraum von 12 Stunden bei 135°C verestert. Das Reaktionswasser wird als Azeotrop entfernt.A mixture of 148 g (1 mol) of phthalic anhydride and 322 g (2.23 mol) of isononyl alcohol is mixed with 70 g of cyclohexane and in the presence of 0.59 g (0.006 mol) of concentrated sulfuric acid, diluted with 1.48 g of water, as Catalyst esterified at 135 ° C over a period of 12 hours. The water of reaction is removed as an azeotrope.

Zur Aufarbeitung wird der Rohester zunächst mit 5 Gew.-%iger Natronlauge neutralisiert, anschließend über einen Zeitraum von 3 Stunden bei 150 mbar (15 kPa) und 135°C in Gegenwart 5 Gew.-%iger Natronlauge mit Wasserdampf destilliert.For working up, the crude ester is first neutralized with 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution, then distilled over a period of 3 hours at 150 mbar (15 kPa) and 135 ° C. in the presence of 5% by weight sodium hydroxide solution with steam.

Nach Wäsche mit Wasser bis zum Erreichen des Neutralpunkts wird der Ester bei einem Druck von 150 mbar (15 kPa) und einer Temperatur von 135°C 4 Stunden im Stickstoffstrom getrocknet. Man erhält nach Filtration 388 g DINP, entsprechend einer Ausbeute von 93 %.After washing with water until the neutral point has been reached, the ester is dried in a stream of nitrogen at a pressure of 150 mbar (15 kPa) and a temperature of 135 ° C. for 4 hours. After filtration, 388 g of DINP are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 93%.

Beispiel 3: Herstellung von Di-(n-butyl)-phthalat (DBP) Example 3: Preparation of di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP)

Eine Mischung aus 148 g (1 mol) Phthalsäureanhydrid und 152 g (2,05 mol) n-Butanol wird nach Zugabe von 50 g Cyclohexan und 5,7 g (0,03 mol) p-Toluolsulfonsäure als Katalysator 6 Stunden bei 130°C umgesetzt. Das während der Veresterung freigesetzte Reaktionswasser wird als Azeotrop entfernt.A mixture of 148 g (1 mol) of phthalic anhydride and 152 g (2.05 mol) of n-butanol is 6 hours at 130 ° after adding 50 g of cyclohexane and 5.7 g (0.03 mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst C implemented. The water of reaction released during the esterification is removed as an azeotrope.

Durch Zugabe 5 Gew.-%iger NaOH wird zunächst der im Rohester enthaltene saure Katalysator neutralisiert. Nach anschließender mehrmaliger Wäsche mit Wasser trocknet man das Produkt 4 Stunden bei einem Druck von 150 mbar (15 kPa) und einer Temperatur von 135°C. Nach Filtration erhält man 262 g Di-(n-butyl)-phthalat, entsprechend einer Ausbeute von 94 %.By adding 5% by weight NaOH, the acidic catalyst contained in the crude ester is first neutralized. After repeated washing with water, the product is dried for 4 hours at a pressure of 150 mbar (15 kPa) and a temperature of 135 ° C. After filtration, 262 g of di (n-butyl) phthalate are obtained, corresponding to a yield of 94%.

Eigenschaften der in den Beispielen 1 bis 3 beschriebenen EsterProperties of the esters described in Examples 1 to 3

Als Kriterien, die für die Verwendung der vorstehend beschriebenen Ester als Schmiermittel wichtig sind, werden ihr thermisches Verhalten, ihre Viskosität und ihre Mischbarkeit mit Kältemitteln, Prototypen sind 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluorethan und 2 H-Heptafluorpropan, angegeben.The criteria that are important for the use of the esters described above as lubricants are their thermal behavior, their viscosity and their miscibility with refrigerants, prototypes are 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2 H-heptafluoropropane.

Die Prüfung der thermischen Stabilität der Ester erfolgt in Anlehnung an DIN 51593 in einem U-Rohr bei 250/40°C und 96 h. Der mit Öl gefüllte Schenkel des U-Rohrs wird auf 250°C eingestellt und steht in Kontakt mit der Dampfphase des Kältemittels, das in den zweiten Schenkel einkondensiert und dann auf 40°C eingestellt wird. Die Auswertung erfolgt optisch (Ölverfärbung). Ergänzend wird ein wäßriger Auszug der Dampfphase durch eine ionensensitive Elektrode auf Fluoridionen geprüft.The thermal stability of the esters is tested in accordance with DIN 51593 in a U-tube at 250/40 ° C and 96 h. The oil-filled leg of the U-tube is set to 250 ° C and is in contact with the vapor phase of the refrigerant, which is condensed into the second leg and then set to 40 ° C. The evaluation is done optically (oil discoloration). In addition, an aqueous extract of the vapor phase is checked for fluoride ions by an ion-sensitive electrode.

Eine gaschromatografische Analyse der Gasphase gibt Aufschluß über mögliche gasförmige Zersetzungsprodukte des Esters bzw. Kältemittels. Ein Vergleich des Chromatogramms erfolgt mit dem einer Blindprobe.A gas chromatographic analysis of the gas phase provides information about possible gaseous decomposition products of the ester or refrigerant. The chromatogram is compared with that of a blank sample.

Die Messung der Viskosität der Ester erfolgt in einem Ubbelohde-Viskosimeter bei 40°C.The viscosity of the esters is measured in an Ubbelohde viscometer at 40 ° C.

Zur Prüfung der Mischbarkeit der Ester mit den Kältemitteln gibt man eine definierte Menge Ester (etwa 0,2 bis 3 g) in ein Glasröhrchen von etwa 10 ml Inhalt. Nach Eintauchen in flüssigen Stickstoff kondensiert man je nach einzustellender Konzentration zwischen 6 und 3 g des Kältemittels dazu. Darauf evakuiert man das Glasröhrchen, verschließt es durch Abschmelzen und durchschreitet mit der Mischung bestimmter Zusammensetzung einen Temperaturbereich von -40°C bis +80°C. Bei Ausbildung zweier Phasen bzw. bei beginnender Trübung kann der Entmischungspunkt, d.h. ein Punkt auf der Grenzkurve des Mischungsdiagramms bestimmt werden. Die Gesamtheit der gefundenen Entmischungspunkte ergeben dann die Grenzkurve der Mischungslücke.To test the miscibility of the esters with the refrigerants, a defined amount of esters (approx. 0.2 to 3 g) are placed in a glass tube of approx. 10 ml content. After immersion in liquid nitrogen, depending on the concentration to be set, between 6 and 3 g of the refrigerant are condensed. The glass tube is then evacuated, sealed by melting and passing through a temperature range of -40 ° C to + 80 ° C with the mixture of certain compositions. When two phases are formed or when turbidity begins, the separation point, i.e. a point can be determined on the limit curve of the mixture diagram. The totality of the separation points found then gives the limit curve of the mixture gap.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalat (DOP) Di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP)

thermische Stabilität:thermal stability:
keine Zersetzungno decomposition
Viskosität:Viscosity:
ν = 27,3 mm²/sν = 27.3 mm² / s
Mischbarkeit:Miscibility:
Mischungslücke außerhalb des üblichen ArbeitsbereichesMixing gap outside the usual work area
Di-(isononyl)-phthalat (DINP) Di (isononyl) phthalate (DINP)

thermische Stabilität:thermal stability:
keine Zersetzungno decomposition
Viskosität:Viscosity:
ν = 37,1 mm²/sν = 37.1 mm² / s
Mischbarkeit:Miscibility:
Mischungslücke außerhalb des üblichen ArbeitsbereichesMixing gap outside the usual work area
Di-(n-butyl)-phthalat (DBP) Di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP)

Viskosität:Viscosity:
ν = 8,7 mm²/sν = 8.7 mm² / s
Mischbarkeit:Miscibility:
voll mischbarfully miscible

Claims (1)

  1. The use of esters of the phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid with straight-chain or branched primary monovalent alcohols having 4 to 20 carbon atoms as lubricants for refrigeration compressors, utilising chlorine-free, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons as refrigerants.
EP91108312A 1990-06-09 1991-05-23 Application of aromatic carboxylic esters as lubricant in refrigerant compressors Expired - Lifetime EP0461435B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4018562A DE4018562A1 (en) 1990-06-09 1990-06-09 USE OF ESTER AROMATIC CARBONIC ACIDS AS LUBRICANTS FOR REFRIGERANT COMPRESSORS
DE4018562 1990-06-09

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EP0461435B1 true EP0461435B1 (en) 1994-08-24

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US5452586A (en) * 1994-09-19 1995-09-26 Huls America, Inc. Method for flushing a refrigeration system
WO2000029520A1 (en) * 1998-11-12 2000-05-25 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lubricating oil compositions comprising phthalate esters
TW482761B (en) * 1999-07-19 2002-04-11 New Japan Chem Co Ltd Dicarboxylic acid diester, a process for preparation thereof and refrigerator lubricating oil containing the diester
AU2001251111A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-10-15 Ici Americas Inc. Lubricant and flushing compositions
TW201927998A (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-07-16 美商盧伯利索公司 Aromatic ester lubricant for use with low global warming potential refrigerants
US20200024537A1 (en) * 2018-02-22 2020-01-23 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Low viscosity low volatility benzoate monoester lubricating oil base stocks and methods of use thereof
JP2023073864A (en) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-26 出光興産株式会社 Refrigerating machine oil composition and mixed composition for refrigerating machine
WO2024155686A1 (en) 2023-01-18 2024-07-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricant including an ester of pyromellitic acid for refrigeration systems

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US2852470A (en) * 1954-10-15 1958-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration composition
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ES2063403T3 (en) 1995-01-01
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