EP0458825B1 - Apparatus for drying - Google Patents
Apparatus for drying Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0458825B1 EP0458825B1 EP90903027A EP90903027A EP0458825B1 EP 0458825 B1 EP0458825 B1 EP 0458825B1 EP 90903027 A EP90903027 A EP 90903027A EP 90903027 A EP90903027 A EP 90903027A EP 0458825 B1 EP0458825 B1 EP 0458825B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- paper
- drying
- sensor
- moisture content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material
- G03D15/02—Drying; Glazing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material
- G03D15/02—Drying; Glazing
- G03D15/022—Drying of filmstrips
Definitions
- FIG. 2 A circuit which may be used to control the apparatus of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2.
- the circuit comprises a central logic controller 24 which has inputs 26 and 28 from the sensors 14 and 22 (not shown), and outputs 30, 32, 34 and 36 which are connected to the fans 6, fan 16, transport rollers 12 and heaters 4, 4′ respectively (also not shown).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to the drying of materials, particularly, but not exclusively, sheet or web materials such as photographic paper and film.
- A number of methods are known for drying photographic paper, for example that shown in British Patent Specification GB-A-1561897. This method involves directing radiant heat only on to the non-image-bearing side of the photographic paper as it travels through a drying chamber and simultaneously causing a stream of air to flow over the image-bearing side of the paper.
- When drying photographic paper, it is as important to ensure that the paper is not either over-dried or under-dried. The disclosure of GB-A-1561897 does not in fact indicate that this is a factor to be taken into consideration.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for ensuring that the material being dried is not over- or under-dried.
- WO-A-88/08949 discloses apparatus and method for drying planar sheet materials, eg. wood sheets. The apparatus comprises a roll heater stage in which the material is dried using hot steam together with a pre-drying stage and a post-drying stage. The pre- and post-drying stages utilise infrared radiation for carrying out the required drying. The complete drying operation described in WO-A-88/08949 is carried out by first sensing the moisture content of the sheet material to be dried and then directing the material either to the roll heater if the moisture content is below a predetermined value or to the pre-drying stage if the moisture content of the material is above that predetermined value. After the pre-drying stage, the material is then transported to the roll heater. Once the material has left the roll heater, it is allowed to cool, the moisture content is sensed again and then material which is still too wet is directed to the post-drying stage prior to being transported on to the next fabrication stage. Material which is sensed as being dry is transported immediately on to the next fabrication stage.
- According to the present invention, there is provided apparatus for drying a photographic material to a desired final moisture content from an initial moisture content, the apparatus comprising:-
heater means for applying heat to at least one side of the material, said heater means comprising a first heater stage and a second heater stage;
sensor means for measuring the moisture content remaining in the material after it has received heat from the first heater stage; and
control means for controlling the second heater stage;
characterised in that the heater means consists of infrared heater means arranged so that the material being dried passes directly from the first heater stage to the second heater stage and in that the sensor means provides an output signal to the control means which controls the additional amount of drying required in the second heater stage to attain said desired final moisture content. - The apparatus may further comprise blower means for blowing air on to at least one side of the material, and each sensor may be also connected to the control means in order to control the power supplied to the blower means.
- Measurement of the moisture remaining in the material can be achieved by any convenient method. In one method, at least one of the sensors may be a capacitance sensor. Alternatively, contact conductive resistance sensors may be used.
- For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which:-
- Figure 1 is a side elevation of drying apparatus according to the present invention; and
- Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a circuit which may be used in controlling the apparatus of Figure 1.
- Although the following description is directed to the drying of photographic paper it is emphasised that it is equally applicable to the drying of any material, particularly in sheet or web form.
- Figure 1 illustrates drying apparatus in which a sheet or web of
photographic paper 2 is being dried. Thepaper 2 passes through the apparatus with its emulsion side uppermost. - Infra-
red heaters photographic paper 2, and are arranged in two stages. Theseheaters reflector 18 is positioned around eachheater photographic paper 2. - At the same time as heat is applied to the
paper 2 through its base, unheated air is blown on to the emulsion side of thepaper 2 by fans 6. This enables water vapour released from the surface of thepaper 2 to be carried away. - Squeegee rollers 8 are provided at the entry to the apparatus, the
paper 2 entering the apparatus between these rollers. The rollers 8 remove surface water which then passes out through a drain outlet 10. -
Transport rollers 12 are provided at the exit from the apparatus. Theserollers 12 direct the driedpaper 2 on to further processing stages, for example, to cutting apparatus which cuts the paper into individual prints. - The squeegee rollers 8 and
transport rollers 12 are driven (by means not shown) so as to direct thepaper 2 into and out of the drying apparatus. - A sensor 14 is positioned halfway along the path which the
paper 2 takes through the drying apparatus, that is betweenheater stages paper 2 as it passes that sensor (after passing through heaters 4). The sensor 14 uses a proportional capacitance technique to determine the amount of moisture remaining in the paper. - From the measurements made by the sensor 14, the power supplied to the
heaters 4′ which follow sensor 14 (in the direction of travel of the paper) is controlled so as to, in turn, control the amount of further drying that takes place. - Although only one sensor 14 is shown after the first two
heaters 4, further sensors could be provided at that position if desired. - A
fan 16 circulates air in thespace 40 to provide a small quantity of cooling air for the sensor 14 and the backs ofreflectors 18. - Wire guides 20 are provided to ensure that the
paper 2 is transported across theheaters transport rollers 12. - A
sensor 22 is positioned after thetransport rollers 12 so as to provide a final check on the amount of moisture in thepaper 2 as it leaves the apparatus. - A circuit which may be used to control the apparatus of Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2. The circuit comprises a
central logic controller 24 which hasinputs fan 16,transport rollers 12 andheaters - The present invention has the advantage that the power consumption is minimised and the danger of overheating the paper is avoided. Also, the amount of drying is controlled independently of the temperature or humidity of the air being used to dry the material.
- When the present invention is used in a dryer which operates with infra-red radiation and unheated air, it is very fast. In particular, a high level of power can be applied at the initial stage and then the need for any further drying determined as described above.
- The present invention can be used in processing machines to dry coated exposed and processed material. It can also be used in drying any web or material, for example in coating operations, or in drying chemical solids out of solutions or other materials.
- Although in the above described arrangement, use is made of non-contacting heaters, contact heating using a hot surface can also be employed where appropriate. For example, the wire guides 20 in contact with the base of the paper could be heated directly. Furthermore, recycled hot air can also be employed.
- Capacitance sensing is the preferred arrangement, although contact conductive resistance sensing can also be used.
- Other heating arrangements could also be employed, for example those using infra-red or microwave radiation.
- Although as described above the arrangement utilises heating the material from one side and blowing air from the other side, it is emphasised that any other suitable arrangement could be used as long as the material is heated from at least one side. For example, both the heating and the blowing of air could be on the same side of the material. The material could be heated from more than one side. Similarly, the air could be blown from more than one side.
- Although as described above, the paper can pass through two heating stages, it is emphasised that any suitable number of heating stages can be employed as desired.
- Furthermore, as an alternative to the heating stages being provided by physically successive heaters, they could be provided by the paper being exposed to the same heaters more than once by recycling the paper through the same heaters.
- The arrangement described above has the added advantage that it can be used under any climatic conditions without requiring further adjustment. Naturally, adjustment will need to be made to accommodate materials having different physical characteristics.
Claims (6)
- Apparatus for drying a photographic material (2) to a desired final moisture content from an initial moisture content, the apparatus comprising:-
heater means (4, 4′) for applying heat to at least one side of the material (2), said heater means comprising a first heater stage (4) and a second heater stage (4′);
sensor means (14) for measuring the moisture content remaining in the material (2) after it has received heat from the first heater stage (4); and
control means (24) for controlling the second heater stage (4′);
characterised in that the heater means (4, 4′) consists of infrared heater means arranged so that the material being dried passes directly from the first heater stage (4) to the second heater stage (4′) and in that the sensor means (14) provides an output signal to the control′means (24) which controls the additional amount of drying required in the second heater stage (4′) to attain said desired final moisture content. - Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising blower means (6) for blowing air on to at least one side of the material (2), the blower means (6) being controlled by the control means (24).
- Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensor means (14) is a capacitance sensor.
- Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensor means (14) is a contact conductive resistance sensor.
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, including further sensor means (22) for sensing the final moisture content of the material (2).
- Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (2) is in sheet or web form.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8903064 | 1989-02-10 | ||
GB898903064A GB8903064D0 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1989-02-10 | Drying |
PCT/GB1990/000191 WO1990009621A1 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1990-02-08 | Drying |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0458825A1 EP0458825A1 (en) | 1991-12-04 |
EP0458825B1 true EP0458825B1 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
Family
ID=10651502
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90301323A Pending EP0383484A1 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1990-02-08 | Drying |
EP90903027A Expired - Lifetime EP0458825B1 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1990-02-08 | Apparatus for drying |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90301323A Pending EP0383484A1 (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1990-02-08 | Drying |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0383484A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3107394B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR920701867A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE117102T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5090390A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2046912A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69016011T2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8903064D0 (en) |
MY (1) | MY106328A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990009621A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2249619A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-05-13 | Management & Guidance Services | Drying apparatus |
EP0508254A1 (en) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-14 | Van Brandwijk Systems Programming B.V. | Process and apparatus for heat treatment of a web having a fluid or paste-like composition applied to it |
DE4206048C1 (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-01-07 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen, De | |
ES2092222T3 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1996-11-16 | Hewlett Packard Co | HEATED BLOWER SYSTEM IN A COLOR INK JET PRINTER. |
US5296873A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1994-03-22 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Airflow system for thermal ink-jet printer |
US5399039A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-03-21 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Ink-jet printer with precise print zone media control |
DE69310994T2 (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1997-10-02 | Hewlett Packard Co | Thermal inkjet printer with a heating element, which is supplied with variable thermal energy for different printing media |
US5406316A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-04-11 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Airflow system for ink-jet printer |
US5479199A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1995-12-26 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Print area radiant heater for ink-jet printer |
GB9216334D0 (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1992-09-16 | Kodak Ltd | Film transport means for use in a film dryer |
US5461408A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-10-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Dual feed paper path for ink-jet printer |
US5581289A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1996-12-03 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Multi-purpose paper path component for ink-jet printer |
US5406321A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-04-11 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Paper preconditioning heater for ink-jet printer |
JP3417605B2 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 2003-06-16 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Photosensitive material drying control method and apparatus |
US5774141A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-06-30 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Carriage-mounted inkjet aerosol reduction system |
US7538299B2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2009-05-26 | Xerox Corporation | Media conditioner module |
DE102014111807B4 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2019-08-22 | Wolfgang Balga | Apparatus and method for processing film |
CN112540506B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-12-17 | 李晓光 | Film drying and placing box |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1023002B (en) * | 1954-11-20 | 1958-01-23 | Mahlo Heinz Dr Ing | Method and device for regulating drying machines, in particular fabric dryers, for constant moisture content of the draining dry goods |
DE2212227A1 (en) * | 1972-03-14 | 1973-09-27 | Agfa Gevaert Ag | DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF MOVING TRACKS |
GB1561897A (en) * | 1976-10-20 | 1980-03-05 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Photographic drying apparatus |
JPS5469689A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1979-06-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Mositure rate control system |
FI84658C (en) * | 1987-05-14 | 1991-12-27 | Ivoinfra Oy | FOERFARANDE OCH ANLAEGGNING FOER TORKNING AV ETT SKIVFORMIGT MATERIAL, TILL EXEMPEL ENKELT FANER. |
-
1989
- 1989-02-10 GB GB898903064A patent/GB8903064D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-02-08 KR KR1019910700877A patent/KR920701867A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-02-08 EP EP90301323A patent/EP0383484A1/en active Pending
- 1990-02-08 EP EP90903027A patent/EP0458825B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-08 CA CA002046912A patent/CA2046912A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-02-08 DE DE69016011T patent/DE69016011T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-08 WO PCT/GB1990/000191 patent/WO1990009621A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-02-08 JP JP02503191A patent/JP3107394B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-08 AU AU50903/90A patent/AU5090390A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-02-08 AT AT90903027T patent/ATE117102T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-08 MY MYPI90000207A patent/MY106328A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990009621A1 (en) | 1990-08-23 |
JPH04503244A (en) | 1992-06-11 |
DE69016011D1 (en) | 1995-02-23 |
MY106328A (en) | 1995-05-30 |
EP0383484A1 (en) | 1990-08-22 |
KR920701867A (en) | 1992-08-12 |
AU5090390A (en) | 1990-09-05 |
EP0458825A1 (en) | 1991-12-04 |
ATE117102T1 (en) | 1995-01-15 |
GB8903064D0 (en) | 1989-03-30 |
CA2046912A1 (en) | 1990-08-11 |
JP3107394B2 (en) | 2000-11-06 |
DE69016011T2 (en) | 1995-08-10 |
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