EP0458774B1 - Hard metal, or ceramics, blank and method and tool for manufacture of same - Google Patents

Hard metal, or ceramics, blank and method and tool for manufacture of same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0458774B1
EP0458774B1 EP91890093A EP91890093A EP0458774B1 EP 0458774 B1 EP0458774 B1 EP 0458774B1 EP 91890093 A EP91890093 A EP 91890093A EP 91890093 A EP91890093 A EP 91890093A EP 0458774 B1 EP0458774 B1 EP 0458774B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
blank
straight
extrusion
polygon
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EP91890093A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0458774A1 (en
EP0458774B2 (en
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Per Björn Dr. Anderson
Peter Ing. Kammerhofer-Reischl
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Boehlerit GmbH and Co KG
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Bohlerit & Co KG GmbH
Boehlerit GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/14—Making other products
    • B21C23/147—Making drill blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/004—Article comprising helical form elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hard metal or ceramic blank for drilling, milling or reaming tools with at least one internal flushing channel running helically in the longitudinal direction.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a blank, wherein the hard metal or ceramic material is extruded through a nozzle of an extrusion tool and thereby rotated helically, and each flushing channel is formed in the blank with a pin protruding into the nozzle.
  • the invention relates to an extrusion tool for producing such a blank or for carrying out the method mentioned.
  • a blank, a method and an extrusion tool of the type specified are known from European patent application 223 909.
  • the blank in the nozzle is rotated by helically extending grooves or webs, which causes considerable shear forces, especially in the area of the groove or web base, and cracks and loosening in the extruded material can occur. Due to uneven compression during sintering, locally different shrinkages occur, which increases dimensional inaccuracies and the risk of breakage.
  • the grooves and webs provided only have poor dimensional accuracy or only imprecise further movement or twisting of the primary material, as a result of which the effort during reworking or the rejects is increased.
  • a method for the production of drill end mills and other cutting tools comprises the following steps: extrusion of hard metal powder to a spiral rod sintering of the rod forms a layer of iron powder around the rear end of the spiral rod Heating with cooling of the iron powder layer in such a way that cavities occur in the iron powder layer or in the shank of the tool and tensions are dissipated.
  • An extrusion tool for producing a drill blank with a helical flushing hole is known from DE-A1-38 14 687, the inner wall of the nozzle having a helical device and the raw material passing through the nozzle being twisted.
  • the nozzle consists of several adjacent disks, which are designed so as to be rotatable relative to one another in order to change the helix pitch.
  • the object of the invention is now to produce an extrusion green body or blank which has high accuracy of dimensions after sintering, has a homogeneous and high density, which reduces the risk of breakage and which can generally also be produced at room temperature.
  • the blank should have uniform shrinkage during sintering in order to ensure dimensional accuracy.
  • the blank of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the blank has the cross-sectional shape of a polygon with at least two corners, preferably at least three corners, in particular with at least five or more corners and with straight or at least partially straight and curved edges connecting the corners, has, this polygon assumes a particularly continuously rotated position over the course of the length of the blank around the axis of the blank or the surfaces running between the longitudinal edges of the blank are in particular continuously twisted.
  • Such a blank can be manufactured true to size and has a uniform shrinkage during the sintering process, since material irregularity in the blank mass is prevented by the rotational forces acting over its almost entire circumferential surface. The forces acting on all sides result in a homogeneous compression.
  • the blank is further processed in a simple manner, with only a relatively small number of projections having to be removed, since the edges of a polygon, in particular a regular polygon, project only slightly beyond the inscribed circle of the polygon.
  • the angle is from 20 to a maximum of 60 °.
  • the angle a which indicates the tapering of the compacting area 9, is between 30 to 50 °, in particular approximately 40 °.
  • the extrusion die or the die shown is advantageously made of hard metal or steel, in particular wear-resistant tool steel.
  • the nozzle is produced by creating a negative shape that takes into account the shrinkage in the event of any sintering of the press nozzle.
  • the mass for the press nozzle is introduced into this mold and is advantageously pressed isostatically. After dewaxing and pre-sintering and any processing, the press nozzle is sintered and finally finished.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a hard-metal or ceramic blank, and to a method and an extrusion tool for its manufacture. The invention provides that the blank is extruded through a die, the die (1) having on its inner wall surface (2) a number of sliding surfaces (3) which cross-sectionally complement one another to form a polygon (4), which sliding surfaces (3) follow a twisted path over the length of the die. The fabricated blank has a twisted shape corresponding to the shape of the die and is suitable for the production of rotating tools, for example drills.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hartmetall- oder Keramikrohling für Bohr-, Fräs-oder Reibwerkzeuge mit mindestens einem innenliegenden, schraubenförmig in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Spülkanal.The invention relates to a hard metal or ceramic blank for drilling, milling or reaming tools with at least one internal flushing channel running helically in the longitudinal direction.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Rohlings, wobei das Hartmetall- bzw. Keramikmaterial durch eine Düse eines Strangpreßwerkzeuges extrudiert und dabei wendelförmig verdreht wird und wobei jeder Spülkanal im Rohling mit einem in die Düse ragenden Stift ausgebildet wird.The invention further relates to a method for producing such a blank, wherein the hard metal or ceramic material is extruded through a nozzle of an extrusion tool and thereby rotated helically, and each flushing channel is formed in the blank with a pin protruding into the nozzle.

Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung ein Strangpreßwerkzeug zur Herstellung eines derartigen Rohlings bzw. zur Durchführung des genannten Verfahrens.Finally, the invention relates to an extrusion tool for producing such a blank or for carrying out the method mentioned.

Ein Rohling, ein Verfahren und ein Strangpreßwerkzeug der angegebenen Art sind aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung 223 909 bekannt. Gemäß dieser Druckschrift wird der Rohling in der Düse durch wendelförmig verlaufende Nuten oder Stege verdreht, wodurch beträchtliche Scherkräfte, insbesondere im Bereich der Nut- oder Stegbasis, auftreten sowie Risse und Lockerstellen im extrudierten Material entstehen können. Durch ungleichmäßige Verdichtungen beim Sintern treten örtlich unterschiedliche Schwindungen ein, wodurch maßliche Ungenauigkeiten und die Bruchgefahr erhöht werden. Darüber hinaus bieten die vorgesehenen Nuten und Stege eine nur schlechte Maßhaltigkeit bzw. eine nur ungenaue Weiterbewegung bzw. Verdrillung des Vormaterials, wodurch der Aufwand beim Nacharbeiten bzw. der Ausschuß vergrößert wird. Jedenfalls stellen Nuten oder Stege lokal begrenzte Unstetigkeiten in der Materialverteilung des Rohlings dar und wirken sich ungünstig auf die Sintereigenschaften des Rohlings aus; schließlich ist die Kraftübertragung der in der Düse ausgebildeten Nuten oder Stege auf die Materialmasse ungünstig, weil der Krafteintrag in die Masse für die Verdrillung nur in den relativ geringe Dimensionen besitzenden Nuten bzw. Stegen erfolgen kann und die Reibung der Masse an der übrigen Düseninnenwandfläche diesem Krafteintrag entgegenwirkt.A blank, a method and an extrusion tool of the type specified are known from European patent application 223 909. According to this publication, the blank in the nozzle is rotated by helically extending grooves or webs, which causes considerable shear forces, especially in the area of the groove or web base, and cracks and loosening in the extruded material can occur. Due to uneven compression during sintering, locally different shrinkages occur, which increases dimensional inaccuracies and the risk of breakage. In addition, the grooves and webs provided only have poor dimensional accuracy or only imprecise further movement or twisting of the primary material, as a result of which the effort during reworking or the rejects is increased. In any case, grooves or webs represent locally limited discontinuities in the material distribution of the blank and have an unfavorable effect on the sintering properties of the blank; finally, the force transmission of the grooves or webs formed in the nozzle to the material mass is unfavorable, because the force input into the mass for the twisting can only take place in the relatively small dimensions of the grooves or webs, and the friction of the mass on the remaining inner wall surface of this force input counteracts.

Aus der DE-AS 38 30 590 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bohrern Stirnfräsern und anderen Schneidwerkzeugen bekannt geworden, welches folgende Schritte umfaßt: Extrudieren von Hartmetallpulver zu einer spiralförmigen Stange-Sintern der Stange- Formen einer Eisenpulverschicht um das hintere Ende der spiralförmigen Stange- Erhitzen mit Abkühlen der Eisenpulverschicht derart, daß Hohlräume in der Eisenpulverschicht bzw. im Schaft des Werkzeuges auftreten und Spannungen abgeleitet werden. Ein Strangpreßwerkzeug zur Herstellung eines Bohrerrohlings mit wendelförmigem Spülloch ist aus der DE-A1-38 14 687 bekannt, wobei die Innenwand der Düse eine wendelförmige Einrichtung besitzt und das die Düse passierende Rohmaterial eine Verdrillung erfährt. Dabei besteht die Düse aus mehreren aneinanderliegenden Scheiben, die zur Veränderung der Wendelsteigung gegeneinander verdreht feststellbar ausgebildet sind.From DE-AS 38 30 590 a method for the production of drill end mills and other cutting tools has become known, which comprises the following steps: extrusion of hard metal powder to a spiral rod sintering of the rod forms a layer of iron powder around the rear end of the spiral rod Heating with cooling of the iron powder layer in such a way that cavities occur in the iron powder layer or in the shank of the tool and tensions are dissipated. An extrusion tool for producing a drill blank with a helical flushing hole is known from DE-A1-38 14 687, the inner wall of the nozzle having a helical device and the raw material passing through the nozzle being twisted. The nozzle consists of several adjacent disks, which are designed so as to be rotatable relative to one another in order to change the helix pitch.

Die Erfindung stellt sich nunmehr die Aufgabe, einen Strangpreßgrünling bzw. Rohling herzustellen, der hohe Genauigkeit der Abmessungen nach dem Sintern besitzt, eine homogene und hohe Dichte besitzt, wodurch die Bruchgefahr vermindert ist und der in der Regel auch bei Raumtempeatur herstellbar ist. Überdies soll der Rohling gleichmäßige Schwindung beim Sintern aufweisen, um die Maßhaltigkeit zu gewährleisten.The object of the invention is now to produce an extrusion green body or blank which has high accuracy of dimensions after sintering, has a homogeneous and high density, which reduces the risk of breakage and which can generally also be produced at room temperature. In addition, the blank should have uniform shrinkage during sintering in order to ensure dimensional accuracy.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Rohling der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rohling die Querschnittsform eines Polygons mit zumindest zwei Ecken, vorzugsweise zumindest drei Ecken, insbesondere mit zumindest fünf oder mehr Ecken sowie mit geraden oder zumindest teilweise geraden und gekrümmten, die Ecken verbindenden Kanten, besitzt, wobei dieses Polygon über den Verlauf der Länge des Rohlings um die Achse des Rohlings eine insbesondere kontinuierlich verdrehte Lage einnimmt bzw. die zwischen den Längskanten des Rohlings verlaufenden Flächen insbesondere kontinuierlich verdrillt sind. Ein derartiger Rohling ist maßhaltig herstellbar und besitzt beim Sintervorgang eine gleichmäßige Schwindung, da eine Materialverungleichmäßigung in der Rohlingsmasse durch die über seine nahezu gesamte Umfangsfläche einwirkenden Rotationskräfte verhindert ist. Durch die allseitig einwirkenden Kräfte erfolgt eine homogene Verdichtung. Die Weiterverarbeitung des Rohlings erfolgt in einfacher Weise, wobei nur relativ wenige Überstände abzunehmen sind, da die Kanten eines Polygons, insbesondere eines regelmäßigen Polygons, nur gering den eingeschriebenen Kreis des Polygons überragen.According to the invention, the blank of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the blank has the cross-sectional shape of a polygon with at least two corners, preferably at least three corners, in particular with at least five or more corners and with straight or at least partially straight and curved edges connecting the corners, has, this polygon assumes a particularly continuously rotated position over the course of the length of the blank around the axis of the blank or the surfaces running between the longitudinal edges of the blank are in particular continuously twisted. Such a blank can be manufactured true to size and has a uniform shrinkage during the sintering process, since material irregularity in the blank mass is prevented by the rotational forces acting over its almost entire circumferential surface. The forces acting on all sides result in a homogeneous compression. The blank is further processed in a simple manner, with only a relatively small number of projections having to be removed, since the edges of a polygon, in particular a regular polygon, project only slightly beyond the inscribed circle of the polygon.

Es ist erfindungsgemäß möglich, daß die Ekken des den Querschnitt des Rohlings darstellenden Polygons jeweils von zwei geraden Kanten bzw. Kantenstücken oder von einer(n) geraden und einer(m) gekrümmten Kante bzw. Kantenstück ausgebildet sind, bzw. daß das den Querschnitt des Rohlings darstellende Polygon ein regelmäßiges Vieleck, vorzugsweise mit mehr als vier Ecken, ist.It is possible according to the invention that the corners of the polygon representing the cross section of the blank are each formed by two straight edges or edge pieces or by one (n) straight and one (m) curved edge or edge piece, or that the cross section of the Blank representing polygon is a regular polygon, preferably with more than four corners.

Es ist durchaus möglich, daß das Poygon ein Zweieck mit gekrümmt verlaufenden Kantenabschnitten ist; vorteilhafterweise kann dem Polygon auch eine dem gewünschten Umfang des herzustellenden Gegenstandes entsprechende Vieleckform erteilt werden, sofern dieses Polygon eine ausreichend gute Verdrillung des Strangpreßmaterials ermöglicht.It is quite possible that the polygon is a triangle with curved edge sections; Advantageously, the polygon can also be given a polygonal shape corresponding to the desired extent of the object to be produced, provided that this polygon has a sufficiently good twist of the extrusion material than enables.

Ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strangpreßmaterial durch Abgleiten des Strangpreßmaterials an an der Innenseite der Düse ausgebildeten, wendel-bzw. spiralfömrig verlaufenden, sich im Querschnitt zu einem Polygon mit geraden oder zumindest teilweise geraden und gekrümmten, die Ecken verbindenden Kanten, ergänzenden Gleitflächen um die Längsmittelachse des Rohlings bzw. der Düse in Rotation versetzt wird und mit verdrillten Außenflächen, z.B. in Form eines verdrillten Prismas oder Parallelepipeds, aus der Düse vorzugsweise bei Raumtemperatur extrudiert wird. Es zeigte sich, daß auf Grund der erzielten besseren Rotierbarkeit des Strangpreßmaterials eine Verarbeitung der Strangpreßmateralien zumeist bei Raumtemperatur erfolgen kann und in einer Vielzahl von Fällen keine erhöhte Temperatur zur Extrusion vorgesehen werden muß. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorgangsweise ermöglicht die Druckeinbringung über den gesamten Umfang der - im Querschnitt gesehen vorteilhafterweise geradlinigen-Kanten bzw. der Flächen ins Innere des Strangpreßmaterials, wodurch hohe Dichtigkeit erreicht wird und Lockerstellen bzw. örtliche Undichtigkeiten vermieden werden. Es erfolgen eine Führung und Drehung des Materialstranges unter Zuhilfenahme der gesamten Oberfläche der Düse, wodurch Verungleichmäßigungen durch ungleiche Krafteinwirkungen vermieden werden. Es zeigte sich ferner, daß die gesamte Düse schlank gebaut werden kann und eine hohe Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit ermöglicht, wodurch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens gewährleistet wird.A method of the type mentioned is characterized according to the invention in that the extrusion material by sliding the extrusion material on helical or formed on the inside of the nozzle. spiral-shaped, cross-sectionally to a polygon with straight or at least partially straight and curved edges connecting the corners, additional sliding surfaces are set in rotation around the longitudinal central axis of the blank or nozzle and with twisted outer surfaces, e.g. in the form of a twisted prism or parallelepiped, from which the nozzle is preferably extruded at room temperature. It was found that, due to the improved rotatability of the extrusion material, processing of the extrusion materials can usually take place at room temperature and, in a large number of cases, no elevated temperature has to be provided for extrusion. The procedure according to the invention enables the pressure to be applied over the entire circumference of the edges which are advantageously straight in cross-section or the surfaces inside the extruded material, as a result of which high tightness is achieved and loosening points or local leaks are avoided. The strand of material is guided and rotated with the aid of the entire surface of the nozzle, as a result of which irregularities caused by unequal forces are avoided. It was also found that the entire nozzle can be made slim and allows a high extrusion speed, which ensures the economy of the process.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Strangpreßwerkzeug der eingangs genannten Art ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse an ihrer Innenwandfläche eine Anzahl von sich im Querschnitt zu einem Polygon mit geraden oder zu zumindest teilweise geraden und gekrümmten, die Ecken verbindenden Kanten, ergänzenden Gleitflächen aufweist, welche Gleitflächen einen über die Düsenlänge verdrillten Verlauf besitzen.An extrusion tool according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the nozzle has on its inner wall surface a number of additional sliding surfaces which have cross-sections to form a polygon with straight or at least partially straight and curved edges connecting the corners, which sliding surfaces provide a surface over the The nozzle length is twisted.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Gleitflächen der Düse ein gerades, verdrilltes, vorzugweise regelmäßiges Prisma, ein gerades, vorzugsweise regelmäßiges, verdrilltes Parallelepiped oder einen geraden verdrillten, vorzugsweise regelmäßigen, sich gegebenenfalls zum Düsenauslaß verjüngenden Pyramidenstumpf ausbilden.It is advantageous if the sliding surfaces of the nozzle form a straight, twisted, preferably regular prism, a straight, preferably regular, twisted parallelepiped or a straight twisted, preferably regular, truncated pyramid, possibly tapering towards the nozzle outlet.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß am Düsenkern und/oder in dem im Strangpreßwerkzeug vor der Düse gelegenen Bereich des Strangpreßwerkzeuges, vorzugsweise im Kompaktierungsbereich des Strangpreßwerkzeuges, zumindest eine dem Strangpreßmaterial eine Rotationsbewegung verleihende Leitschaufel, vorzugsweise ein Leitschaufelkranz und/oder Leitflügel, angeordnet ist. Es zeigte sich, daß bei einer derartigen Ausbildung des Werkzeuges eine Vergleichmäßigung der Materialverteilung bzw. eine Homogenisierung eintritt und eine riß- und Lunkerbildung weitgehend vermieden wird.In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that on the nozzle core and / or in the area of the extrusion tool located in the extrusion tool in front of the nozzle, preferably in the compacting area of the extrusion tool, at least one guide vane imparting a rotational movement to the extrusion material, preferably a guide vane ring and / or guide vane, is arranged. It was found that with such a design of the tool, the material distribution is homogenized or homogenized, and the formation of cracks and voids is largely avoided.

Zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, daß zumindest der düsennahe Bereich des Düsenkernes zur Unterstützung der Rotation des Strangpreßmaterials eine wendelförmige, im Querschnitt polygonale Ausbildung aufweist. Diese Ausbildungsform der Erfindung ist insbesondere für als schwer extrudierbare Materialien vorgesehen und lieferte beste Ergebnisse.In addition, it can be provided that at least the region of the nozzle core close to the nozzle has a helical configuration with a polygonal cross section to support the rotation of the extrusion material. This embodiment of the invention is intended in particular for materials which are difficult to extrude and has given the best results.

Üblicherweise sind der (die) Stift(e) zur Ausbildung des bzw. der Spülkanals(-kanäle) an dem Düsenkern befestigt; erfindungsgemäß können die Stifte zur Ausbildung der Spülkanäle an den Leitschaufeln oder Leitflügeln befestigt sein, insbesondere dann, wenn man auf einen Düsenkern verzichtet, was beim erfindungsgemäßen Fall ohne weiteres möglich ist, da durch die von den Leitflügeln unterstützte Rotationsbewegung die Anwesenheit eines Düsenkerns nicht unbedingt erforderlich ist.Usually, the pin (s) for forming the rinsing channel (s) are attached to the nozzle core; According to the invention, the pins for forming the flushing channels can be attached to the guide vanes or guide vanes, in particular if one dispenses with a nozzle core, which is readily possible in the case according to the invention, since the presence of a nozzle core is not absolutely necessary due to the rotational movement supported by the guide vanes is.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments and the drawings.

Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen schematisch Querschnitte durch einen Rohling. Fig. 3 bis 5 mögliche Querschnittsformen von Rohlingen, Fig. 6, 6a und 6b eine Ausführungsform einer Preßdüse, Fig. 7 bis 11 verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Preßdüsen und Fig. 12 eine Düse mit eingetragenen Abmessungen.1 and 2 schematically show cross sections through a blank. 3 to 5 possible cross-sectional shapes of blanks, FIGS. 6, 6a and 6b an embodiment of a press nozzle, FIGS. 7 to 11 different embodiments of press nozzles and FIG. 12 a nozzle with entered dimensions.

Fig. 6 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäß ausgebildetes Strangpreßwerkzeug, welches einen Düseneinlauf 13, einen Kompaktierungsteil 9 und eine Düse 1 aufweist. Der Düseneinlauf 13 verjüngt sich in Richtung Düse ebenso wie der Kompaktierungsteil 9. Auch die Düse selbst kann sich um einige Winkelminuten verjüngen.6 shows a longitudinal section through an extrusion tool designed according to the invention, which has a nozzle inlet 13, a compacting part 9 and a nozzle 1. The nozzle inlet 13 tapers in the direction of the nozzle, just like the compacting part 9. The nozzle itself can also taper by a few angular minutes.

Das Strangpreßwerkzeug kann einen Kern 7 umfassen, dessen vorzugsweise kegelige Verjüngungen im düsennahen Bereich und im düsenfernen Bereich sich in den Düseneinlauf 13 bzw. in den Kompaktierungsteil 9 erstrecken.The extrusion tool can comprise a core 7, the preferably conical tapering of which extends in the region near the nozzle and in the region remote from the nozzle into the nozzle inlet 13 and into the compacting part 9.

Gemäß Fig. 6 trägt der düsennahe Bereich 10 des Düsenkernes 7 elastisch verdrehbare Stifte 11, mit denen Spülkanäle 12 in dem Rohling ausgebildet werden, wenn dieser aus der Düse 1 extrudiert wird. Die Düse 1 weist im Querschnitt polygonale Form auf bzw. ihre Innenfläche bildet den Körper eines verdrillten Prismas oder eines verdrillten Parallelepipeds.According to FIG. 6, the region 10 of the nozzle core 7 near the nozzle carries elastically rotatable pins 11, with which rinsing channels 12 are formed in the blank when the latter is extruded from the nozzle 1. The nozzle 1 has a polygonal shape in cross section or its inner surface forms the body of a twisted prism or a twisted parallelepiped.

Der Mittelbereich des Düsenkernes 7 trägt Leitschaufeln 8, um das in Richtung des Pfeiles 14 eingedrückte Strangpreßmaterial bereits vor der Düse 1 in Rotation zu versetzen, um so den Materialtransport durch die Düse 1 zu vergleichmäßigen.The central region of the nozzle core 7 carries guide vanes 8, around which in the direction of the arrow 14 to press in the extruded material in front of the nozzle 1 in order to even out the material transport through the nozzle 1.

  • Fig. 6a zeigt einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A' in Fig. 6 und zeigt Leitschaufeln 8, welche sich vom Düsenkern 7 bis zur Innenwand des Düseneinlaufes 13 erstrecken und mit welchen der Düsenkern 7 in Lage gehalten ist.Fig. 6a shows a section along the line A-A 'in Fig. 6 and shows guide vanes 8 which extend from the nozzle core 7 to the inner wall of the nozzle inlet 13 and with which the nozzle core 7 is held in position.
  • Fig. 6b zeigt einen Schnitt längs der Linie B-B' in Fig. 6 durch die Düse 1 mit einem Strangpreßkörper 16, in dem bereits Spülkanäle 12 mit den Stiften 11 ausgebildet sind. Man erkennt den polygonalen Querschnitt der Düse 1, im vorliegenden Fall eines regelmäßigen Sechseckes. Der Abstand a zwischen dem von den Kanten des Sechseckes gebildeten Ecken 6 wird je nach den Maßen des anzufertigenden Rohlings gewählt. Die Kanten 5 des Polygons stellen horizontale Linien auf den Gleitflächen 3 dar, welche Gleitflächen 3 dem Strangpreßmaterial eine Rotationsbewegung um die Längsachse der Düse 1 erteilen, ohne das Material nachteilig örtlich aufzulockern.Fig. 6b shows a section along the line B-B 'in Fig. 6 through the nozzle 1 with an extruded body 16, in which rinsing channels 12 are already formed with the pins 11. One can see the polygonal cross section of the nozzle 1, in the present case a regular hexagon. The distance a between the corners 6 formed by the edges of the hexagon is chosen depending on the dimensions of the blank to be produced. The edges 5 of the polygon represent horizontal lines on the sliding surfaces 3, which sliding surfaces 3 give the extrusion material a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 1 without loosening the material locally.
  • Fig. 7 zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines Strangpreßwerkzeuges, bei dem die Gleitflächen 3 bis in den Kompaktierungsteil 9 hinein reichen. Im Düseneinlauf 13 befinden sich Leitschaufeln 8, die vom Kern 7 oder von der Innenwand des Düseneinlaufes 13 oder sowohl vom Düsenkern 7 als auch vom Düseneinlauf 13 getragen sind.7 shows an embodiment of an extrusion tool in which the sliding surfaces 3 extend into the compacting part 9. In the nozzle inlet 13 there are guide vanes 8 which are carried by the core 7 or by the inner wall of the nozzle inlet 13 or both by the nozzle core 7 and by the nozzle inlet 13.
  • Fig. 8 zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der Gleitflächen 3 auch vom düsennahen Bereich 10 des Düsenkerns 7 getragen sind. Es ist auch möglich, die Merkmale der in den Fig. 7 und 8 gezeigten Ausführungsformen zu kombinieren.8 shows an embodiment in which sliding surfaces 3 are also carried by the region 10 of the nozzle core 7 near the nozzle. It is also possible to combine the features of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • Fig. 8a zeigt einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A in Fig. 8 und man erkennt den in Form eines Fünfecks ausgebildeten Querschnitt des düsennahen Bereiches 10 des Düsenkerns 7. An sich ist es möglich, die Eckenzahl des Querschnittpolygons des Düsenkerns 7 und des Querschnittpolygons der Düse 1 unterschiedlich zu gestalten; dies erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von den gewählten Strangpreßmaterialien; davon wird auch die Anzahl und die Neigung der Leitschaufeln 8 abhängig gemacht.FIG. 8a shows a section along the line AA in FIG. 8 and the cross-section of the area 10 of the nozzle core 7 in the form of a pentagon can be seen. In itself, it is possible to determine the number of corners of the cross-section polygon of the nozzle core 7 and of the cross-section polygon of the nozzle 1 to be designed differently; this takes place depending on the extrusion materials selected; the number and the inclination of the guide vanes 8 are also made dependent on this.
  • Fig. 9 und 10 zeigen jeweils um 90 verdrehte Ansichten einer Ausführungsform, bei der die Leitflügel 8' vom Kompaktierungsteil 9 getragen sind. Diese Leitflügel 8' tragen die Stifte 11. Die Stifte 11 bestehen aus elastischem metallischen Material oder aus elastischem Kunststoff und sind in geeigneter Weise an den Leitflächen der Leitflügel 8' oder am Düsenkern 7 befestigt.9 and 10 each show views rotated by 90 of an embodiment in which the guide vanes 8 'are carried by the compacting part 9. These guide vanes 8 'carry the pins 11. The pins 11 consist of elastic metallic material or of elastic plastic and are fastened in a suitable manner to the guide surfaces of the guide vanes 8' or to the nozzle core 7.

Es ist möglich, an der Innenwand des Kompaktierungsteiles 9 Leitflügel 8' und gleichzeitig auch einen Düsenkern 7 mit Leitschaufeln 8 vorzusehen, wie in Fig. 11 dargestellt. Gegebenenfalls können noch Gleitflächen 3 im düsennahen Bereich 10 des Düsenkerns 7 vorgesehen werden. Vorteilhafterweise verlängern die Leitschaufeln die verdrillten Kanten zwischen den Gleitflächen 3 des Düseninnenraumes.It is possible to provide guide vanes 8 'on the inner wall of the compacting part 9 and at the same time also a nozzle core 7 with guide vanes 8, as shown in FIG. 11. If necessary, sliding surfaces 3 can also be provided in the region 10 of the nozzle core 7 near the nozzle. The guide vanes advantageously extend the twisted edges between the sliding surfaces 3 of the interior of the nozzle.

Fig. 7,8,9 und 10 zeigen Strangpreßwerkzeuge, die mehrteilig ausgebildet sind, wobei der Düseneinlauf 13, der Kompaktierungsteil 9, der die Leitschaufeln 8 tragende Abschnitt 17 des Düseneinlaufes oder der die Leitflügel 8' tragende Abschnitt 19 des Kompaktierungsteiles 9 und allenfalls ein Düseneinsatz 18 durch entsprechende Verbindungsbauteile 20 zusammengehalten und verbunden sind. Es ist allerdings auch möglich, eine Anzahl dieser Einzelteile zu Bauteilen zu integrieren.7, 8, 9 and 10 show extrusion tools which are designed in several parts, the nozzle inlet 13, the compacting part 9, the section 17 of the nozzle inlet carrying the guide vanes 8 or the section 19 of the compacting part 9 carrying the guide vanes 8 'and at most one Nozzle insert 18 are held together and connected by corresponding connecting components 20. However, it is also possible to integrate a number of these individual parts into components.

Fig. 12 zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Strangpreßwerkzeuges mit eingetragenen Parametern. Der Winkel areicht von 20 bis maximal 60°. Vorteilhafterweise liegt der Winkel a, welcher die Verjüngung des Kompaktierungsbereiches 9 angibt, zwischen 30 bis 50°, insbesondere bei etwa 40 °.12 shows an embodiment of an extrusion tool according to the invention with entered parameters. The angle is from 20 to a maximum of 60 °. Advantageously, the angle a, which indicates the tapering of the compacting area 9, is between 30 to 50 °, in particular approximately 40 °.

Der Winkel β gibt die Verjüngung des Düseneinlaufes 13 wieder und liegt vorteilhafterweise zwischen 15° und 50°, vorteilhafterweise zwischen 20 ° und 40 °, insbesondere etwa bei 30 °.The angle β reflects the tapering of the nozzle inlet 13 and is advantageously between 15 ° and 50 ° , advantageously between 20 ° and 40 °, in particular approximately 30 °.

Mit γ ist der düsenferne Kegelwinkel des Düsenkegels 7 bezeichnet, welcher Winkel zwischen 20 und 60°, vorzugsweise zwischen 30 und 50 °, insbesondere bei etwa 40 °, liegt.Γ denotes the cone angle of the nozzle cone 7 remote from the nozzle, which angle lies between 20 and 60 °, preferably between 30 and 50 °, in particular approximately 40 °.

Mit 5 ist der Kegelwinkel des düsennahen Bereiches 10 des Düsenkegels 7 bezeichnet, welcher Winkel vorteilhafterweise bis zu 10 größer ist als der Verjüngungswinkel a des Düseneinlaufes 13.5 denotes the cone angle of the area 10 of the nozzle cone 7 near the nozzle, which angle is advantageously up to 10 greater than the taper angle a of the nozzle inlet 13.

Die Länge L der Düse 1 beträgt mindestens das Zweifache des Durchmessers D der Düse, wobei als Durchmesser der Düse vorteilhafterweise der Durchmesser des Inkreises herangezogen wird, der dem Düsenpolygon eingeschrieben werden kann oder ein mittlerer Abstand der Kanten des verdrillten Düsenprismas von der Längsachse der Düse genommen wird. Vorteilhaft beträgt die Düsenlänge mindestens das Dreifache, insbesondere das Vierfache, des Düsendurchmessers.The length L of the nozzle 1 is at least twice the diameter D of the nozzle, with the diameter of the nozzle advantageously being the diameter of the incircle that can be inscribed in the nozzle polygon or an average distance between the edges of the twisted nozzle prism from the longitudinal axis of the nozzle becomes. The nozzle length is advantageously at least three times, in particular four times, the nozzle diameter.

Der Formwinkel ∈ gibt die Verjüngung der Düse 1 in Richtung ihres Auslaßendes an und beträgt einige Winkelminuten, vorzugsweise 2 bis 8, insbesondere 3 bis 6, vorteilhafterweise etwa 4 Winkelminuten.The shape angle ∈ indicates the taper of the nozzle 1 in the direction of its outlet end and is a few minutes of angle, preferably 2 to 8, in particular 3 to 6, advantageously about 4 minutes of angle.

Die Leitschaufeln 8 und/oder die Leitflügel 8' stehen vorteilhafterweise schräg in Drehrichtung des Materialstranges und stimmen bezüglich Richtung und Neigung mit der Verdrillung des Düsenkanals überein.The guide vanes 8 and / or the guide vanes 8 'are advantageously at an angle in the direction of rotation of the material strand and coincide with the twisting of the nozzle channel in terms of direction and inclination.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Querschnitt durch eine Düse 1 eines erfindungsgemäßen Werkzeuges, wobei die Düse 1 im Querschnitt die Form eines regelmäßigen Sechseckes besitzt. Fig. 2 zeigt einen Düsenquerschnitt, bei dem die Düse 1 die Form eines Zwölfecks besitzt und die Außenform des hergestellten Rohlings bereits nahezu Kreisform aufweist.1 shows the cross section through a nozzle 1 of a tool according to the invention, the cross section of the nozzle 1 being in the form of a regular hexagon. Fig. 2 shows a nozzle cross-section, in which the nozzle 1 has the shape of a dodecagon and the outer shape of the blank produced is almost circular.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Düse, welche die form eines stumpfwinkeligen Zweiecks besitzt und Fig. 4 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Düse 1, die die Form eines rechtwinkeligen Zweiecks besitzt.FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a nozzle which has the shape of an obtuse-angled triangle and FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a nozzle 1 which has the shape of a right-angled triangle.

Fig. 5 zeigt ein spezielles Polygon, bei dem jeweils kurze gerade Kanten mit gekrümmten Kanten kombiniert vorliegen. Das so entstandene unregelmäßige sechseckige Polygon entspricht in seinem Querschnitt dem Querschnitt eines Fräswerkzeuges; eine derartige verdrillte Ausbildung der Innenwand einer Düse erleichtert in beträchtlicher Weise die Rotation des Strangpreßmateriales, ohne allzu große Unregelmäßigkeiten in der Homogenität des ausgepreßten Rohlings zu verursachen.5 shows a special polygon in which short straight edges are combined with curved edges. The cross section of the resulting irregular hexagonal polygon corresponds to the cross section of a milling tool; such a twisted configuration of the inner wall of a nozzle considerably facilitates the rotation of the extrusion material without causing excessive irregularities in the homogeneity of the pressed blank.

Man kann erkennen, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei schonendster Materialbehandlung eine optimale Anpassung des Rohlings an seinen Verwendungszweck ermöglicht.It can be seen that the method according to the invention enables the blank to be optimally adapted to its intended use with the most gentle material treatment.

Das Strangpreßwerkzeug bzw. die dargestellte Preßdüse wird vorteilhafterweise aus Hartmetall oder aus Stahl, insbesondere verschleißfestem Werkzeugstahl, hergestellt. Die Düse wird hergestellt, indem eine negative Form erstellt wird, welche die Schwindung bei einer allfälligen Sinterung der Preßdüse berücksichtigt. In diese Form wird die Masse für die Preßdüse eingebracht und vorteilhafterweise isostatisch gepreßt. Nach dem Entwachsen und Vorsintern und einem allfälligen Bearbeiten erfolgt das Sintern der Preßdüse und schließlich deren Fertigbearbeitung.The extrusion die or the die shown is advantageously made of hard metal or steel, in particular wear-resistant tool steel. The nozzle is produced by creating a negative shape that takes into account the shrinkage in the event of any sintering of the press nozzle. The mass for the press nozzle is introduced into this mold and is advantageously pressed isostatically. After dewaxing and pre-sintering and any processing, the press nozzle is sintered and finally finished.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Rohlinge können mit einer oder mehreren Spülbohrungen, vorzugsweise zwei bis drei Spülbohrungen, jeweils mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 4 mm, hergestellt werden. Vorteilhafterweise besitzt der Rohling einen Außendurchmesser D nach seiner Fertigstellung von höchstens etwa 20 mm.The blanks according to the invention can be produced with one or more rinsing bores, preferably two to three rinsing bores, each with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm. The blank advantageously has an outer diameter D of at most about 20 mm after its completion.

Bei der Herstellung eines Werkzeuges kann derart vorgegangen werden, daß eine Masse aus Carbidpulver ( Wolframcarbid, Titancarbid, Tantalcarbid oder Niobcarbid) als Hartstoff und Kobaltpulver als Sinterhilfe mit Paraffin und Paraffinölen ( 4 bis 8 Gew.-%, annähernd 40 bis 80 Vol.-%) gemischt werden, welche Öle als Plastifizierungsmittel dienen. Diese Pulver-Ölmasse wird in einem Pressenzylinder evakuiert und vorgepreßt. Daraufhin erfolgt vorteilhafterweise bei Raumtemperatur ein Verpressen dieser Masse durch das erfindungsgemäße Strangpreßwerkzeug. Die dem Strangpreßwerkzeug entnommenen Grünlinge werden im Temperaturbereich von 100° bis 500 °C entwachst, und bei etwa 900 ° C vorgesintert. Der in diesem Zustand eine kreideähnliche Konsistenz besitzende Rohling wird daraufhin vorbearbeitet bzw. abgedreht bzw. es wird ihm die gewünschte Außenform, z.B. die eines Bohrers, verliehen.A tool can be manufactured in such a way that a mass of carbide powder (tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide or niobium carbide) as hard material and cobalt powder as sintering aid with paraffin and paraffin oils (4 to 8% by weight, approximately 40 to 80 vol. %) are mixed, which oils serve as plasticizers. This powder-oil mass is evacuated and pre-pressed in a press cylinder. This mass is then advantageously pressed at room temperature by the extrusion tool according to the invention. The green compacts removed from the extrusion tool are dewaxed in the temperature range from 100 ° to 500 ° C. and presintered at about 900 ° C. The blank, which has a chalk-like consistency in this state, is then pre-processed or turned off or given the desired external shape, for example that of a drill.

Der Sintervorgang erfolgt materialabhängig bei etwa 1350 bis 1450 ° C im Vakuum, wobei eine Volumskontraktion von etwa 40 bis 60 % bzw. eine Linearkontraktion von etwa 20 bis 25 % eintritt. Durch den Sintervorgang entsteht ein dichter, große Homogenität besitzender Sinteranteil, der rißfrei und bruchfest ist. Das Fertigbearbeiten dieses Teils , z.B. das Schleifen von Spankanten od. dgl. erfolgt mit entsprechenden Werkzeugen nach dem Sintern.Depending on the material, the sintering process takes place at about 1350 to 1450 ° C. in a vacuum, with a volume contraction of about 40 to 60% or a linear contraction of about 20 to 25%. The sintering process creates a dense, highly homogeneous sintered part that is crack-free and unbreakable. The finishing of this part, for example the grinding of chip edges or the like, is carried out with appropriate tools after sintering.

Claims (20)

1. Hard metal or ceramics blank for drilling, milling or friction tools having at least one internal helically longitudinally extending flushing channel, characterized in that the blank has the cross-sectional shape of a polygon with at least two corners, preferably with at least three corners, in particular with at least five or more corners as well as straight or at least partially straight and curved edges connecting the corners, said polygon occupying a continuously twisted position over the extension of the length of the blank around the axis of the blank and the surfaces extending between the longitudinal edges of the blank being continuously twisted.
2. The blank according to claim 1, wherein the corners of the polygon constituting the cross section of the blank are each formed of two straight edges or edge portions or one straight and one curved edge or edge portion.
3. The blank according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polygon constituting the cross section of the blank is a regular polygon, preferably having more than four corners.
4. A process for the production of a hard metal or ceramics blank for drilling, milling or friction tools, in particular according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, having an internal helically longitudinally extending flushing channel, the hard metal or ceramics material being extruded through a nozzle of an extrusion tool and being helically twisted thereby and each one of the flushing channels in the blank being formed with a pin projecting into the nozzle, characterized in that the extrusion material is caused to rotate by sliding of the extrusion material on sliding surfaces formed on the inside of the nozzle helically or spirally extending and complementing one another in cross section to form a polygon with straight or at least partially straight and curved edges connecting the corners, the material sliding on said sliding surfaces around the longitudinal central axis of the blank or the nozzle and being extruded from the nozzle, preferably at room temperature, with twisted outer surfaces, for instance in the form of a twisted prism or parallelepipede.
5. The process according to claim 4, wherein a post-compacting of the extrusion material occurs immediately prior to extrusion within the nozzle due to a restriction of the cross section of the nozzle.
6. The process according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the extrusion material is already set into a rotating motion, for instance by means of guide blades and/or guide vanes, prior to feeding into the nozzle, in particular during compacting.
7. An extrusion tool for producing a hard metal or ceramics blank for drilling, milling or friction tools having at least one internal helically longitudinally extending flushing channel , in particular according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, and for carrying out the process, in particular according to any one of the claims 4 to 6, the hard metal or ceramics material being extruded through a nozzle of the extrusion tool optionally provided with a nozzle core and being helically twisted thereby, each flushing channel being provided with a pin projecting into the nozzle (1), characterized in that the nozzle (1) is provided on its inner wall surface (2) with a number of complementing sliding surfaces (3) formed in cross section of a polygon (4) with straight or at least partially straight and curved edges (5) connecting the corners (6), said sliding surfaces (3) having a twisted extension over the entire length of the nozzle.
8. The tool according to claim 7, wherein the corners (6) of the polygon (4) constituting the cross section of the nozzle (1) are formed of two straight edges or edge portions or one straight edge or edge portion and one curved edge or edge portion.
9. The tool according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the polygon (4) constituting the cross section of the nozzle (1) is a regular polygon, preferably having more than four corners (6).
10. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 9, wherein the sliding surfaces (3) form a straight, twisted, preferably regular prism, a straight, preferably regularly twisted parallelepiped or a straight, twisted, preferably regular truncated pyramid optionally tapering towards the nozzle outlet.
11. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 10, wherein at least one guide blade (8), preferably a guide blade ring and or/guide vanes (8;8'), preferably a vane ring, imparting a rotating motion to the extrusion material is (are) disposed at the nozzle core (7) and/or in the extrusion tool in the area of the extrusion tool in front of the nozzle (1), preferably in the compacting area (9) of the extrusion tool.
12. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 11, wherein the profiled contour of the interior wall of the nozzle (1) with sliding surfaces (3) or the polygonal shape of the cross section of the nozzle (1) extends into the compacting area (9) of the extrusion tool or in particular at least up to the level of the portion (10) of the nozzle core (7) close to the nozzle.
13. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 11, wherein at least the portion (10) of the nozzle core (7) close to the nozzle has a helical or cross-sectionally polygonal shape for supporting the rotation of the extrusion material.
14. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 13, wherein the pins (11) forming the flushing channel(s) (12) are attached to the guide vanes (8').
15. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 14, wherein the extension of the guide blades and/or guide vanes (8; 8') is identically directed or preferably of the same inclination as the extension or the inclination of the edges of the prism or parallelepiped formed between the sliding surfaces (3) in the nozzle (1) or the compacting area (9) or at the nozzle core (7).
16. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 15, wherein the length (L) of the sliding surfaces amounts to at least twice, preferably at least three times, in particular at least four times, the nozzle diameter (D).
17. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 16, wherein the nozzle (1) has a form angle (E) or a taper of 2 to 8 angular minutes , preferably of 3 to 6 angular minutes, preferably of approximately 4 angular minutes.
18. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 17, wherein the cone angle (0) of the portion (10) of the nozzle core (7) close to the nozzle is at most by 10 percent greater than the angle (a) of the compacting area (9), the angle (a) of the compacting area (9) being smaller than 60 and preferably between 20 and 59°, in particular between 30 ° to 50 °, advantageously about 40 °.
19. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 18, wherein the nozzle inlet (13) is conically tapered, the tapering angle (ß) ranging between 15 ° to 50 °, preferably between 20 ° to 40 °, in particular at approximately 39 °.
20. The tool according to any one of the claims 7 to 19, wherein the tapering angle (y) remote from the nozzle of the nozzle core (7) ranges between 20 ° and 60° , preferably between 30 and 50°, in particular at approximately 40°.
EP91890093A 1990-05-22 1991-05-02 Hard metal, or ceramics, blank and method and tool for manufacture of same Expired - Lifetime EP0458774B2 (en)

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AT0113290A AT398286B (en) 1990-05-22 1990-05-22 HARD METAL OR CERAMIC BLANK AND METHOD AND TOOL FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
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EP0458774A1 (en) 1991-11-27
ES2077838T5 (en) 2000-03-16
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ES2077838T3 (en) 1995-12-01
ATA113290A (en) 1994-03-15
DE59106114D1 (en) 1995-09-07
EP0458774B2 (en) 1999-12-15
AT398286B (en) 1994-11-25

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