EP0455564A1 - Instantaneous tripping unit for a circuit breaker - Google Patents
Instantaneous tripping unit for a circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0455564A1 EP0455564A1 EP91420127A EP91420127A EP0455564A1 EP 0455564 A1 EP0455564 A1 EP 0455564A1 EP 91420127 A EP91420127 A EP 91420127A EP 91420127 A EP91420127 A EP 91420127A EP 0455564 A1 EP0455564 A1 EP 0455564A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- overpressure
- contacts
- trigger
- poles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/50—Means for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/2418—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism
- H01H2071/2427—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism with blow-off movement tripping mechanism, e.g. electrodynamic effect on contacts trips the traditional trip device before it can unlatch the spring mechanism by itself
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
- H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
- H01H2077/025—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with pneumatic means, e.g. by arc pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
- H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a trip device of an electrical circuit breaker with molded housing having, by pole, a pair of contacts elastically biased in contact in the closed position of the circuit breaker and capable of separating under the action of electrodynamic repulsion forces when the current flowing the contacts exceed a predetermined threshold to generate a limitation of said current, said trip device having an overload and / or short-circuit fault detector which actuates a mechanism for controlling automatic opening of the circuit breaker on fault.
- a known trigger (US-A-3,631,369) of the kind mentioned, comprises a movable pallet, arranged in bimetallic strip and subjected to the action of the electromagnetic trigger. An extension of the pallet projects into the gas exhaust duct of the breaking chamber. During a cut, the gas flow drives the pallet to the trigger position. In the majority of circuit breakers, the gas exhaust pipe is distant from the trip device and the aforementioned device is therefore not applicable. The pallet is subjected to the pooling action of gases and its proper functioning is quickly hampered. Each pole must be equipped with such a trigger and a trigger selectivity is not conceivable because the actuator reacting to the flow of gases is integrated into the thermal and magnetic trigger.
- the object of the present invention is to produce a trigger ensuring both the limitation and the selectivity of triggering by simple, universal and reliable means.
- the trip device is characterized in that said actuator device constitutes a sealed assembly only in communication with the contact zone, and which has a limited actuation stroke.
- the pressure in the contact area in particular in the breaking chamber, is a direct function of the power of the arc, and it can quickly reach significant values, for example from 3 to 10 bars.
- This overpressure acts on a simple membrane or movable piston device which actuates the circuit breaker tripping mechanism.
- the rise in pressure and the transmission of this pressure to the detector are all the faster the higher the currents.
- the device is not sensitive to low currents, and an untimely tripping on a simple overload can easily be avoided by providing a return spring for the piston, or the measurement membrane.
- the actuator is a sealed or quasi-sealed assembly formed by the cylinder with the piston or the membrane and the connection conduit between the cylinder and the breaking chamber.
- This small section conduit can be relatively long and its housing in the housing is easy.
- the displacement of the piston requires only a tiny flow of gas in the conduit and this flow occurs almost entirely before the pollution of the gases by the action of the arc. The actuator is thus protected from these polluted gases.
- the present invention starts from the observation that a cut in a limiting circuit breaker always generates a large arcing voltage, and therefore a significant arcing energy resulting in an increase in the pressure in the breaking zone.
- This pressure increase is ultra-rapid, and the selectivity can be ensured by the use of a calibrated return spring so as to trigger at a predetermined pressure.
- each pole of a multipole circuit breaker comprises an overpressure actuator, so as to intervene as soon as an overpressure occurs in any of the poles, and carry out tripping as quickly as possible.
- the piston of the overpressure actuator can be common to the different poles, these being connected to the piston by conduits equipped with a non-return device.
- the different interrupting chambers are preferably connected to a common manifold with the interposition of a non-return valve, this manifold itself being connected by a conduit to the piston or to the membrane of the overpressure actuator, which acts on the circuit breaker trip bar.
- the trip on fault can be obtained by a standard thermal or electromagnetic trip, or by a static trip with polarized relay. All these trips and actuators act on the same trip bar which releases the mechanism of opening of the circuit breaker, in a way well known to specialists.
- the overpressure actuator can therefore include a piston of small surface area, of the order of one square centimeter, and this small size facilitates housing in a molded case, possibly of an existing device.
- a pole of a molded case circuit breaker 10 comprises a pair of contacts 11,12 arranged in a breaking chamber 13 equipped with deionization plates 14.
- the breaking chamber 13 is delimited by partitions 15 of which one is traversed by an arm 16 for supporting the movable contact 12.
- the breaking chamber 13 is almost leaktight and communicates via a channel 17 of restricted section with the outside of the molded housing 10.
- the movable contact arm 16 is pivotally mounted on a bar 18 belonging to a control mechanism 19, having a lever 20 for manually opening and closing the contacts 11,12 and a latch 21 for triggering the mechanism 19.
- the movable contact 12 is biased by a spring 22 in the closed position, being able to pivot counterclockwise under the force of electrodynamic repulsion generated by the current flowing through the contact arm 16 and the contacts 11,12.
- the hooking 21 is controlled by a trip bar 23 common to the different poles of the circuit breaker.
- the circuit breaker comprises a standard trip switch with bimetallic strip 24 and with an electromagnetic coil 25, both acting on the trip bar 23.
- Such a circuit breaker is well known to specialists and it is unnecessary to describe it in more detail. It suffices to recall that during a short circuit the repulsion of the contacts 11, 12 causes a rapid opening of these contacts, against the force of the spring 22, this rapid opening causing a limitation of the short-circuit current. .
- the opening of the contacts 11, 12 is confirmed by the intervention of the electromagnetic trip device 25 acting via the trip bar 23 on the latch 21, which opens the mechanism 19 of the circuit breaker.
- the circuit breaker comprises an overpressure actuator comprising a piston 26, cylinder 27 assembly cooperating with the trigger bar 23.
- the piston 26 mounted to slide in the cylinder 27 carries a rod 28 capable of striking the trigger bar 23.
- a return spring 29 maintains the piston 26 in the retracted position, shown in FIG. 2.
- the face opposite to the rod 28 of the piston 26 is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the chamber 30 which communicates via a conduit 31 with the interrupting chamber 13.
- the conduit 31 opens into the chamber 13 in the vicinity of the deionization plates 14, but the pressure test can be carried out in any location of the chamber 13, the uniformity of the pressure inside this chamber being almost instantaneous.
- the circuit breaker can be multipolar and in this case, each pole can be equipped with its own overpressure actuator 26,27 acting on the trip bar 23. During a short circuit, the most charged pole causes tripping by the 'increase in pressure in its breaking chamber 13, this triggering causing the opening of all the poles of the circuit breaker.
- three poles P1, P2, P3 of a three-pole circuit breaker communicate by conduits 31 with a collector 32, itself connected to the chamber 30 of the overpressure actuator 26 , 27.
- the opening of the conduits 31 in the collector 32 is capable of being closed by a non-return valve 33, preventing the passage of gases from one pole to the other.
- the pressure build-up in the breaking chamber of the first pole P1 is the fastest, and this pressure is transmitted by the conduit 31 and the manifold 32 to the overpressure actuator 26,27 , the valve 33 being open.
- the other two poles P2, P3 are isolated from the collector 32 by closing their corresponding valve 33, and the device actuator retains its quasi-tightness.
- the invention is applicable to circuit breakers with static tripping using current transformers for detecting overload or short circuit. These current transformers supply a signal to an electronic processing unit which delivers a tripping order to a polarized relay 34 when the predetermined thresholds are exceeded.
- the polarized relay 34 includes a plunger core 35 held in the retracted position by a permanent magnet 36, and biased in the control position of the trigger bar 23, by means of a pusher 38, by a spring 37.
- the tripping order is transmitted to a coil 39 which releases the core 35.
- the overpressure actuator 26,27 is adjacent to the polarized relay 34 and the rod 28 is arranged opposite the trigger bar 23 to activate the latter during an overpressure.
- the trigger bar 23 carries a lug 40 capable of cooperating with the rear face of the head of the pusher 38, leaving a clearance "j" sufficient for the displacement of the trigger bar 23 under the action of the overpressure actuator 26,27, without displacement of the core 35 of the relay 34.
- This tab 40 causes, after triggering of the mechanism 19, the disarming of the polarized relay 34.
- the curves in FIG. 5 show the mode of action of the trigger according to the invention.
- the curve “a” shows the separation distance of the contacts 11,12, during an opening on short circuit by electrodynamic repulsion of the movable contact 12.
- the curve “b” shows the variation of the arcing voltage corresponding to the opening of the contacts 11,12 .
- Curve “c” illustrates the growth of the presumed short-circuit current, while curve “d” corresponds to the current limited by the electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts 11,12.
- the curve “e” shows the variation of the pressure in the breaking chamber 13.
- the separation of the contacts 11,12 occurs at an instant "t1" and the overpressure actuator causes the opening of the mechanism 19, and therefore , that of the three poles of the circuit breaker at an instant "t2" confirming the opening of the contacts by electrodynamic repulsion.
- a piston 26, with a diameter of 10mm has made it possible to obtain forces largely sufficient to actuate the trigger bar 23.
- a piston of this size can easily be accommodated in the molded housing 10, and the conduit 31 of small section allows capturing the pressure at any location in the interrupting chamber 13.
- the usual sealing of the interrupting chambers 13 is largely sufficient to obtain the necessary overpressures, and it is unnecessary to provide additional means for sealing these chambers.
- the assembly is particularly simple and the selectivity is obtained by the use of return springs 29 of appropriate size.
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Abstract
Description
L'invention est relative à un déclencheur d'un disjoncteur électrique à boîtier moulé ayant par pôle une paire de contacts sollicités élastiquement au contact en position fermé du disjoncteur et susceptibles de se séparer sous l'action de forces électrodynamiques de répulsion lorsque le courant parcourant les contacts dépasse un seuil prédéterminé pour engendrer une limitation dudit courant, ledit déclencheur ayant un détecteur de défaut de surcharge et/ou de court-circuit qui actionne un mécanisme de commande d'ouverture automatique du disjoncteur sur défaut.The invention relates to a trip device of an electrical circuit breaker with molded housing having, by pole, a pair of contacts elastically biased in contact in the closed position of the circuit breaker and capable of separating under the action of electrodynamic repulsion forces when the current flowing the contacts exceed a predetermined threshold to generate a limitation of said current, said trip device having an overload and / or short-circuit fault detector which actuates a mechanism for controlling automatic opening of the circuit breaker on fault.
Un déclencheur connu (US-A-3,631,369) du genre mentionné, comporte une palette mobile, agencée en bilame et soumise à l'action du déclencheur électro-magnétique. Une extension de la palette fait saillie dans le conduit d'échappement des gaz de la chambre de coupure. Lors d'une coupure l'écoulement gazeux entraîne la palette vers la position de déclenchement. Dans la majorité des disjoncteurs le conduit d'échappement des gaz est éloigné du dispositif déclencheur et le dispositif précité n'est donc pas applicable. La palette est soumise à l'action pooluante des gaz et son bon fonctionnement est rapidement entravé. Chaque pôle est obligatoirement équipé d'un tel déclencheur et une sélectivité de déclenchement n'est pas concevable car l'actionneur réagissant à l'écoulement des gaz est intégré au déclencheur thermique et magnétique.A known trigger (US-A-3,631,369) of the kind mentioned, comprises a movable pallet, arranged in bimetallic strip and subjected to the action of the electromagnetic trigger. An extension of the pallet projects into the gas exhaust duct of the breaking chamber. During a cut, the gas flow drives the pallet to the trigger position. In the majority of circuit breakers, the gas exhaust pipe is distant from the trip device and the aforementioned device is therefore not applicable. The pallet is subjected to the pooling action of gases and its proper functioning is quickly hampered. Each pole must be equipped with such a trigger and a trigger selectivity is not conceivable because the actuator reacting to the flow of gases is integrated into the thermal and magnetic trigger.
Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser un déclencheur assurant à la fois la limitation et la sélectivité de déclenchement par des moyens simples, universels et fiables.The object of the present invention is to produce a trigger ensuring both the limitation and the selectivity of triggering by simple, universal and reliable means.
Le déclencheur est caractérisé en ce que ledit dispositif actionneur constitue un ensemble étanche uniquement en communication avec la zone de contacts, et qui présente une course d'actionnement limitée.The trip device is characterized in that said actuator device constitutes a sealed assembly only in communication with the contact zone, and which has a limited actuation stroke.
La pression dans la zone des contacts, notamment dans la chambre de coupure, est une fonction directe de la puissance de l'arc, et elle peut atteindre rapidement des valeurs importantes, par exemple de 3 à 10 bars. Cette surpression agit sur un simple dispositif à membrane ou à piston mobile qui actionne le mécanisme de déclenchement du disjoncteur. La montée en pression et la transmission de cette pression au détecteur sont d'autant plus rapides que les courants sont élevés. Le dispositif est par contre non sensible aux faibles courants, et un déclenchement intempestif sur une simple surcharge peut facilement être évité en prévoyant un ressort de rappel du piston, ou de la membrane de mesure.The pressure in the contact area, in particular in the breaking chamber, is a direct function of the power of the arc, and it can quickly reach significant values, for example from 3 to 10 bars. This overpressure acts on a simple membrane or movable piston device which actuates the circuit breaker tripping mechanism. The rise in pressure and the transmission of this pressure to the detector are all the faster the higher the currents. On the other hand, the device is not sensitive to low currents, and an untimely tripping on a simple overload can easily be avoided by providing a return spring for the piston, or the measurement membrane.
L'actionneur est un ensemble étanche ou quasi-étanche constitué par le cylindre avec le piston ou la membrane et le conduit de liaison entre le cylindre et la chambre de coupure. Ce conduit de faible section peut être relativement long et son logement dans le boîtier est aisé. Le déplacement du piston ne nécessite qu'un écoulement infime de gaz dans le conduit et cet écoulement intervient dans sa quasi-totalité avant la pollution des gaz par l'action de l'arc. L'actionneur est ainsi à l'abri de ces gaz pollués.The actuator is a sealed or quasi-sealed assembly formed by the cylinder with the piston or the membrane and the connection conduit between the cylinder and the breaking chamber. This small section conduit can be relatively long and its housing in the housing is easy. The displacement of the piston requires only a tiny flow of gas in the conduit and this flow occurs almost entirely before the pollution of the gases by the action of the arc. The actuator is thus protected from these polluted gases.
L'ouverture rapide d'un disjoncteur limiteur est difficilement compatible avec la sélectivité de déclenchement qui exige une ouverture du disjoncteur directement en amont du défaut, tandis que les autres disjoncteurs en amont restent fermés pour assurer la continuité de l'alimentation de la partie saine du réseau. On a essayé d'assurer les conditions de sélectivité entre deux disjoncteurs disposés en série, en coordonnant leur courbe de déclenchement, mais ces conditions sont difficiles à tenir car les temps impartis sont extrêmement courts. Les phénomènes de saturation masquent souvent la mesure des différences des courants à couper, et la sélectivité n'est pas toujours assurée.The rapid opening of a limiting circuit breaker is hardly compatible with tripping selectivity which requires opening of the circuit breaker directly upstream of the fault, while the other upstream circuit breakers remain closed to ensure continuity of supply to the healthy part of the network. We tried to ensure the conditions of selectivity between two circuit breakers arranged in series, by coordinating their tripping curve, but these conditions are difficult to maintain because the times allowed are extremely short. The saturation phenomena often mask the measurement of the differences in the currents to be cut, and the selectivity is not always guaranteed.
La présente invention part de la constatation, qu'une coupure dans un disjoncteur limiteur engendre toujours une tension d'arc importante, et de ce fait une énergie d'arc notable se traduisant par une augmentation de la pression dans la zone de coupure. Cette augmentation de pression est ultra-rapide, et la sélectivité peut être assurée par l'emploi d'un ressort de rappel taré de façon à déclencher à une pression prédéterminée.The present invention starts from the observation that a cut in a limiting circuit breaker always generates a large arcing voltage, and therefore a significant arcing energy resulting in an increase in the pressure in the breaking zone. This pressure increase is ultra-rapid, and the selectivity can be ensured by the use of a calibrated return spring so as to trigger at a predetermined pressure.
En effet, lorsque deux disjoncteurs de calibres différents sont traversés par le même courant de court-circuit, la pression dans le disjoncteur amont est nettement moins élevée que s'il avait coupé seul et on assure automatiquement une sélectivité d'une manière particulièrement simple, car seul le disjoncteur ayant le calibre le plus faible déclenche. Cette sélectivité est absolument indépendante du détecteur de défaut de surcharge et/ou de court-circuit, dont la conception peut être adaptée à son rôle d'intervention aux petits courants. L'action du détecteur de défaut peut être faiblement temporisée afin d'éviter toute interférence avec l'actionneur à surpression, qui assure la protection instantanée dès qu'il le faut.Indeed, when two circuit breakers of different ratings are crossed by the same short-circuit current, the pressure in the upstream circuit breaker is significantly lower than if it had cut on its own and selectivity is automatically ensured in a particularly simple way, because only the circuit breaker with the lowest rating trips. This selectivity is absolutely independent of the overload and / or short-circuit fault detector, the design of which can be adapted to its role in responding to small currents. The action of the fault detector can be slightly delayed in order to avoid any interference with the overpressure actuator, which provides instant protection as soon as necessary.
Selon un développement de l'invention, chaque pôle d'un disjoncteur multipolaire comporte un actionneur à surpression, de manière à intervenir dès l'apparition d'une surpression dans l'un quelconque des pôles, et réaliser le déclenchement le plus rapidement possible. Le piston de l'actionneur à surpression peut être commun aux différents pôles, ceux-ci étant reliés au piston par des conduits équipés d'un dispositif de non retour. Les différentes chambres de coupure sont de préférence connectées à un collecteur commun avec interposition d'un clapet de non retour, ce collecteur étant lui-même relié par un conduit au piston ou à la membrane de l'actionneur à surpression, qui agit sur la barre de déclenchement du disjoncteur. Le déclenchement sur défaut peut être obtenu par un déclencheur standard thermique ou électromagnétique, ou par un déclencheur statique à relais polarisé.Tous ces déclencheurs et actionneurs agissent sur la même barre de déclenchement qui libère le mécanisme d'ouverture du disjoncteur, d'une manière bien connue des spécialistes.According to a development of the invention, each pole of a multipole circuit breaker comprises an overpressure actuator, so as to intervene as soon as an overpressure occurs in any of the poles, and carry out tripping as quickly as possible. The piston of the overpressure actuator can be common to the different poles, these being connected to the piston by conduits equipped with a non-return device. The different interrupting chambers are preferably connected to a common manifold with the interposition of a non-return valve, this manifold itself being connected by a conduit to the piston or to the membrane of the overpressure actuator, which acts on the circuit breaker trip bar. The trip on fault can be obtained by a standard thermal or electromagnetic trip, or by a static trip with polarized relay. All these trips and actuators act on the same trip bar which releases the mechanism of opening of the circuit breaker, in a way well known to specialists.
Les surpressions sont importantes, et l'actionneur à surpression peut de ce fait comporter un piston de faible surface, de l'ordre de un centimètre carré, et ce faible encombrement facilite le logement dans un boîtier moulé, éventuellement d'un appareil existant.The overpressures are significant, and the overpressure actuator can therefore include a piston of small surface area, of the order of one square centimeter, and this small size facilitates housing in a molded case, possibly of an existing device.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre, d'un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'un pôle d'un disjoncteur équipé d'un actionneur à surpression selon l'invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue à échelle agrandie de l'actionneur à surpression selon la figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique de l'actionneur à surpression associé à un disjoncteur tripolaire;
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un actionneur à surpression associé à un relais polarisé d'un déclencheur statique;
- la figure 5 représente les courbes de variation des caractéristiques de déclenchement.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a pole of a circuit breaker equipped with an overpressure actuator according to the invention;
- Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the overpressure actuator according to Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the overpressure actuator associated with a three-pole circuit breaker;
- Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of an overpressure actuator associated with a polarized relay of a static release;
- FIG. 5 represents the variation curves of the triggering characteristics.
Sur la figure 1, un pôle d'un disjoncteur à boîtier moulé 10, comporte une paire de contacts 11,12 disposés dans une chambre de coupure 13 équipée de tôles de désionisation 14. La chambre de coupure 13 est délimitée par des cloisons 15 dont l'une est traversée par un bras 16 de support du contact mobile 12. La chambre de coupure 13 est quasi-étanche et communique par un canal 17 de section restreinte avec l'extérieur du boîtier moulé 10. Le bras de contact mobile 16 est monté à pivotement sur un barreau 18 appartenant à un mécanisme de commande 19, ayant une manette 20 d'ouverture et de fermeture manuelle des contacts 11,12 et un accrochage 21 de commande de déclenchement du mécanisme 19. Le contact mobile 12 est sollicité par un ressort 22 en position de fermeture, en étant capable de pivoter dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre sous la force de répulsion électrodynamique engendrée par le courant parcourant le bras de contact 16 et les contacts 11,12. L'accrochage 21 est commandé par une barre de déclenchement 23 commune aux différents pôles du disjoncteur. Le disjoncteur comporte un déclencheur standard à bilame 24, et à bobine électromagnétique 25, agissant tous deux sur la barre de déclenchement 23. Un tel disjoncteur est bien connu des spécialistes et il est inutile de le décrire plus en détail. Il suffit de rappeler que lors d'un court-circuit la répulsion des contacts 11,12 provoque une ouverture rapide de ces contacts, à l'encontre de la force du ressort 22, cette ouverture rapide provoquant une limitation du courant de court-circuit. L'ouverture des contacts 11,12 est confirmée par l'intervention du déclencheur électromagnétique 25 agissant par l'intermédiaire de la barre de déclenchement 23 sur l'accrochage 21, qui ouvre le mécanisme 19 du disjoncteur.In FIG. 1, a pole of a molded
Selon la présente invention, le disjoncteur comporte un actionneur à surpression comprenant un ensemble piston 26, cylindre 27 coopérant avec la barre de déclenchement 23. En se référant plus particulièrement à la figure 2, on voit que le piston 26 monté à coulissement dans le cylindre 27 porte une tige 28 susceptible de frapper la barre de déclenchement 23. Un ressort de rappel 29 maintient le piston 26 en position rétractée, représenté sur la figure 2. La face opposée à la tige 28 du piston 26 est soumise à la pression règnant dans la chambre 30 qui communique par un conduit 31 avec la chambre de coupure 13. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 1, le conduit 31 débouche dans la chambre 13 au voisinage des tôles de désionisation 14, mais la prise de pression peut être effectuée en un emplacement quelconque de la chambre 13, l'uniformisation de la pression à l'intérieur de cette chambre étant quasi-instantanée.According to the present invention, the circuit breaker comprises an overpressure actuator comprising a
Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur selon l'invention découle de l'exposé précédent. Lors d'une ouverture sur court-circuit des contacts 11,12, l'arc tiré entre ces contacts produit un échauffement du gaz contenu dans la chambre de coupure 13 et par conséquent une augmentation de la pression, fonction directe de l'énergie de l'arc. Cette augmentation de la pression est transmise par le conduit 31 à la chambre 30, et provoque dès que cette surpression dépasse la force du ressort de rappel 29, un coulissement vers la gauche du piston 26, et un actionnement de la barre de déclenchement 23 provoquant l'ouverture du mécanisme 19, confirmant la séparation des contacts 11,12. La détection d'un arc de courant fort est extrêmement rapide, tandis que l'actionneur à surpression 26,27 n'intervient pratiquement pas lors d'une coupure normale ou d'un faible courant, la surpression engendrée dans la chambre de coupure 13 étant insuffisante pour vaincre la force du ressort de rappel 29. Ce même ressort 29 permet d'assurer la sélectivité entre deux disjoncteurs de calibres différents traversés par le même courant de court-circuit car la pression développée sera moins élevée que s'il avait été seul à couper.The operation of the circuit breaker according to the invention follows from the preceding description. When the
Le disjoncteur peut être multipolaire et dans ce cas, chaque pôle peut être équipé de son propre actionneur à surpression 26,27 agissant sur la barre de déclenchement 23. Lors d'un court-circuit, le pôle le plus chargé provoque le déclenchement par l'augmentation de la pression dans sa chambre de coupure 13, ce déclenchement provoquant l'ouverture de l'ensemble des pôles du disjoncteur.The circuit breaker can be multipolar and in this case, each pole can be equipped with its
Selon une variante préférentielle de réalisation, illustrée par la figure 3, trois pôles P1,P2,P3 d'un disjoncteur tripolaire communiquent par des conduits 31 avec un collecteur 32, lui-même relié à la chambre 30 de l'actionneur à surpression 26,27. L'orifice de débouchement des conduits 31 dans le collecteur 32 est susceptible d'être obturé par un clapet de non retour 33, empêchant le passage des gaz d'un pôle vers l'autre. Dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 3, la montée en pression dans la chambre de coupure du premier pôle P1 est la plus rapide, et cette pression est transmise par le conduit 31 et le collecteur 32 à l'actionneur à surpression 26,27, le clapet 33 étant ouvert. Les deux autres pôles P2,P3 sont isolés du collecteur 32 par la fermeture de leur clapet correspondant 33, et le dispositif actionneur conserve sa quasi-étanchéité.According to a preferred alternative embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 3, three poles P1, P2, P3 of a three-pole circuit breaker communicate by
L'invention est applicable à des disjoncteurs à déclencheur statique utilisant des transformateurs de courant de détection de surcharge ou de court-circuit. Ces transformateurs de courant fournissent un signal à un ensemble de traitement électronique qui délivre un ordre de déclenchement à un relais polarisé 34 lors du dépassement de seuils prédéterminés. En se référant à la figure 4, on voit que le relais polarisé 34 comporte un noyau plongeur 35 maintenu en position de retrait par un aimant permanent 36, et sollicité en position de commande de la barre de déclenchement 23, par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir 38, par un ressort 37. L'ordre de déclenchement est transmis à une bobine 39 qui libère le noyau 35. L'actionneur à surpression 26,27 est adjacent au relais polarisé 34 et la tige 28 est disposée en regard de la barre de déclenchement 23 pour actionner cette dernière lors d'une surpression. La barre de déclenchement 23 porte une patte 40, susceptible de coopérer avec la face arrière de la tête du poussoir 38, en laissant subsister un jeu "j", suffisant pour le déplacement de la barre de déclenchement 23 sous l'action de l'actionneur à surpression 26,27, sans déplacement du noyau 35 du relais 34. Cette patte 40 provoque après déclenchement du mécanisme 19, le désarmement du relais polarisé 34.The invention is applicable to circuit breakers with static tripping using current transformers for detecting overload or short circuit. These current transformers supply a signal to an electronic processing unit which delivers a tripping order to a
Le fonctionnement du disjoncteur à déclencheur statique est bien entendu identique à celui décrit ci-dessus avec un déclencheur standard. Dans les deux cas, l'intervention ultra-rapide de l'actionneur à surpression autorise une faible temporisation du déclencheur sur défaut, cette temporisation pouvant être obtenue par un simple jeu entre le déclencheur électromagnétique et la barre de déclenchement, ou entre le relais polarisé 34 et cette barre de déclenchement 23. Tout autre moyen de retardement, par exemple du type à masselotte est utilisable.The operation of the circuit breaker with static release is of course identical to that described above with a standard release. In both cases, the ultra-rapid intervention of the overpressure actuator allows a short delay of the trip device on fault, this time delay can be obtained by a simple play between the electromagnetic trip device and the trip bar, or between the
Les courbes de la figure 5 montrent le mode d'action du déclencheur selon l'invention. La courbe "a" montre la distance de séparation des contacts 11,12, lors d'une ouverture sur court-circuit par répulsion électrodynamique du contact mobile 12. La courbe"b"montre la variation de la tension d'arc correspondant à l'ouverture des contacts 11,12. La courbe "c" illustre la croissance du courant de court-circuit présumé, tandis que la courbe "d" correspond au courant limité par la répulsion électrodynamique des contacts 11,12. La courbe "e" montre la variation de la pression dans la chambre de coupure 13. La séparation des contacts 11,12 intervient à un instant "t1" et l'actionneur à surpression provoque l'ouverture du mécanisme 19, et de ce fait, celle des trois pôles du disjoncteur à un instant "t2" confirmant l'ouverture des contacts par répulsion électrodynamique. Un piston 26, d'un diamètre de 10mm a permis d'obtenir des forces largement suffisantes pour actionner la barre de déclenchement 23. Un piston de cette taille peut facilement être logé dans le boîtier moulé 10, et le conduit 31 de faible section permet le captage de la pression en un emplacement quelconque de la chambre de coupure 13. L'étanchéité usuelle des chambre de coupure 13 est largement suffisante pour obtenir les surpressions nécessaires, et il est inutile de prévoir des moyens additionnels d'étanchéité de ces chambres. L'ensemble est particulièrement simple et la sélectivité est obtenue par l'emploi de ressorts de rappel 29 de dimension appropriée.The curves in FIG. 5 show the mode of action of the trigger according to the invention. The curve "a" shows the separation distance of the
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR9005870 | 1990-05-04 | ||
FR9005870A FR2661776B1 (en) | 1990-05-04 | 1990-05-04 | INSTANT TRIGGER OF A CIRCUIT BREAKER. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0455564A1 true EP0455564A1 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
EP0455564B1 EP0455564B1 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
Family
ID=9396495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP91420127A Expired - Lifetime EP0455564B1 (en) | 1990-05-04 | 1991-04-15 | Instantaneous tripping unit for a circuit breaker |
Country Status (13)
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US (1) | US5103198A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0455564B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3004387B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1047256C (en) |
BR (1) | BR9101760A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2040863C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69110540T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2075948T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2661776B1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1006890A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT97556B (en) |
TW (1) | TW208756B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA913343B (en) |
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US10535484B2 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2020-01-14 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Noncontact solenoid for miniature circuit breakers with a movable frame and magnetic coupling |
DE102017131442B4 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2023-11-23 | Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Single-pole or multi-pole circuit breaker and modular system comprising such a circuit breaker |
TWI686833B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-03-01 | 陳錫瑜 | High-voltage circuit breaker with self-powered tripping |
DE102019220433B4 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-03-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Reset element and electric switch with such a reset element |
CN112635265B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-02-15 | 南通理工学院 | Quick tripping high-voltage circuit breaker for fire early warning system |
CN115172109A (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-11 | 上海正泰智能科技有限公司 | Quick tripping device and circuit breaker |
CN115621091A (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2023-01-17 | 上海正泰智能科技有限公司 | Quick tripping device of circuit breaker and circuit breaker |
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- 1991-04-15 ES ES91420127T patent/ES2075948T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-15 DE DE69110540T patent/DE69110540T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-16 US US07/685,634 patent/US5103198A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-19 CA CA002040863A patent/CA2040863C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-26 JP JP3124979A patent/JP3004387B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-30 BR BR919101760A patent/BR9101760A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-03 PT PT97556A patent/PT97556B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-03 ZA ZA913343A patent/ZA913343B/en unknown
- 1991-05-03 CN CN91102771A patent/CN1047256C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US3631369A (en) * | 1970-04-27 | 1971-12-28 | Ite Imperial Corp | Blowoff means for circuit breaker latch |
FR2452175A1 (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-10-17 | Alsthom Unelec Sa | ELECTRICAL AIR CUT-OFF APPARATUS PROVIDED WITH A SHORT-CIRCUIT INDICATOR DEVICE |
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Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5933303A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1999-08-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for protection against overload of the switch contacts of a switching device |
WO1997000531A1 (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for protection against overload of the switching contacts of a switching device |
WO2001069638A2 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-20 | General Electric Company | Trip override for a rotary breaker |
WO2001069638A3 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2002-03-21 | Gen Electric | Trip override for a rotary breaker |
US6403909B1 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2002-06-11 | General Electric Company | Trip override for rotary breaker |
DE10013099A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-10-04 | Aeg Niederspannungstech Gmbh | Trip device for circuit breaker has build-up surface lever and associated with expulsion channel for deflecting lever to actuate trip element owing to pressure step |
DE10013099B4 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2004-08-26 | Aeg Niederspannungstechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Tripping device for a circuit breaker |
CN101461021B (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2011-08-31 | 埃伦贝格尔及珀恩斯根有限公司 | Protection switch |
RU2543997C2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2015-03-10 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Release device for electrical switching device |
WO2010112420A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Release for an electric switching arrangement |
DE102011084779A1 (en) | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-10 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Hydraulic head box for fiber web manufacturing machine, has throttling bushes rotated around longitudinal axis of manifold to regulate pressure loss of fiber suspension flow during turning of flow into manifold |
WO2013085578A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | Eaton Corporation | Trip mechanism and electrical switching apparatus including a trip member pushed by pressure arising from an arc in an arc chamber |
CN103975405A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-08-06 | 伊顿公司 | Trip mechanism and electrical switching apparatus including a trip member pushed by pressure arising from an arc in an arc chamber |
US8471657B1 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-25 | Eaton Corporation | Trip mechanism and electrical switching apparatus including a trip member pushed by pressure arising from an arc in an arc chamber |
EP3179498A1 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-14 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Circuit breakers, arc expansion chambers, and operating methods |
US9865418B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 | 2018-01-09 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Circuit breakers, arc expansion chambers, and operating methods |
EP3382731A1 (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-03 | LSIS Co., Ltd. | Molded case circuit breaker |
CN108666186A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2018-10-16 | Ls产电株式会社 | Breaker |
US10460898B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2019-10-29 | Lsis Co., Ltd. | Circuit breakers |
EP3557597A1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-23 | ABB S.p.A. | Low-voltage circuit breaker |
WO2019202152A1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Abb S.P.A. | Low-voltage circuit breaker |
US11804345B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2023-10-31 | Abb S.P.A. | Low-voltage circuit breaker |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69110540D1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
DE69110540T2 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
PT97556A (en) | 1993-05-31 |
CA2040863C (en) | 2000-06-13 |
JPH04229524A (en) | 1992-08-19 |
JP3004387B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 |
TW208756B (en) | 1993-07-01 |
EP0455564B1 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
FR2661776B1 (en) | 1996-05-10 |
FR2661776A1 (en) | 1991-11-08 |
HK1006890A1 (en) | 1999-03-19 |
BR9101760A (en) | 1991-12-17 |
ES2075948T3 (en) | 1995-10-16 |
US5103198A (en) | 1992-04-07 |
CN1047256C (en) | 1999-12-08 |
CN1056374A (en) | 1991-11-20 |
CA2040863A1 (en) | 1991-11-05 |
ZA913343B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
PT97556B (en) | 1999-04-30 |
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