EP0455555B1 - System of aerosol injection for making composite layers by pyrolysis - Google Patents

System of aerosol injection for making composite layers by pyrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0455555B1
EP0455555B1 EP91401149A EP91401149A EP0455555B1 EP 0455555 B1 EP0455555 B1 EP 0455555B1 EP 91401149 A EP91401149 A EP 91401149A EP 91401149 A EP91401149 A EP 91401149A EP 0455555 B1 EP0455555 B1 EP 0455555B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aerosol
injection
chamber
additional air
case
Prior art date
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EP91401149A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0455555A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Chazee
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Priority claimed from FR909005525A external-priority patent/FR2661623B1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to installations and apparatuses which make it possible to produce composite layers which are deposited on substrates.
  • said substrates are heated and pass through the muffle of an oven where they are placed in the presence of an aerosol of droplets containing a solute which constitutes the precursor of the final product with which they are coated.
  • the invention relates more precisely still, the system which makes it possible to inject this aerosol inside the furnace in which the substrates to be coated pass.
  • the aerosol of liquid droplets containing, as solute, the precursor of the product to be deposited is formed and transported in a gaseous phase injected at the same time as the aerosol in the oven, and it is when it arrives in the immediate vicinity (a few millimeters for example) of the heated substrates that the two phenomena occur which allow them to be coated. Firstly, the droplets and the solute vaporize under the influence of heat and, secondly, the heat radiated by these same substrates cause thermal decomposition or pyrolysis of the precursor solute, the useful part of which the coating is then deposited directly on the substrate itself.
  • This technique therefore makes it possible to deposit products by pyrolysis of a chemical compound in solution in a solvent, even if the precursor solute of the deposition product has a vapor pressure too low to be vaporizable directly at room temperature.
  • FIG. 1 which is a perspective view of a pyrolysis oven, the muffle 2, of elongated parallelepiped shape, in which a conveyor belt 4 supporting the substrates 6 to be coated runs.
  • the diagram in FIG. 1 shows the furnace at the level of one of its aerosol injection devices 8 essentially consisting of a box, also of parallelepiped shape, which fits onto the muffle 2.
  • the injection box 8 contains essentially an injection nozzle 10 proper, which will moreover be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2, and, at its top, an inlet 12 for additional air.
  • a plate 14 perforated with holes makes it possible to homogenize and distribute the additional air entering through the pipe 12 throughout the volume of the injection box 8.
  • the injector 10 receives at its ends 16 and 18 ' aerosol to be injected into the box 8, which aerosol escapes into the injection box 8 through orifices 20 of the injector 10 located at the top of the latter.
  • This aerosol contains in its liquid droplets, a solute which is used as a body precursor to be deposited on the heated substrates 6 and which will appear, after vaporization of this aerosol under the effect of pyrolysis which occurs on contact with hot substrates 6 and aerosol vapor.
  • deflector plates such as 22 serving to homogenize and regulate the flow of the vapor phase in a manner known to those skilled in the art and which not important to describe here for the understanding of the invention.
  • a suction nozzle 24 of generally frustoconical shape which allows to adjust the flow rate and suction of the residual vapor phase.
  • the injection nozzle 10 of FIG. 1 is shown, with its two inlets 16 and 18 for the aerosol entrained by its carrier gas as well as an annular casing 26 intended to receive a thermostatic liquid which enters at one end 28 in this chamber 26 to exit therefrom at the other end 30.
  • the orifices 20 which are located at the top and through which escapes according to the paths visualized by arrows l ' aerosol entrained by its carrier gas.
  • the operating temperature of the nozzle 10 is most often regulated by the liquid which circulates in the peripheral annular zone 26 at a temperature of the order of 50 to 60 ° C.
  • the vaporization, the pyrolysis and the deposition take place in a very narrow zone subjected to complex heat exchanges, which requires a delicate adjustment of different parameters especially if one wants to vary the speed of movement of the substrates in the furnace or gas injection rates for specific manufacturing requirements.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a new aerosol injection system for developing composite layers by pyrolysis which solves the above problems by adding to the latter autonomous heating means and eliminating the injection nozzle as such. .
  • This new aerosol injection system thus makes it possible to improve and very precisely control the evolution of the aerosol and of the gaseous phase which drives it from the top of the injection box to its base. by the various means associated with it.
  • the injection chamber located at the top plays the role of condensation chamber in which the aerosols entrained by their carrier gas eventually get rid of the condensates which can occur, thanks to the plate pierced with holes whose various orifices are equipped with chimneys which allow only the aerosol to pass through while any condensate is collected on the plate and evacuated outside.
  • the aerosol passage surface both at the outlet of the supply openings and at the level of the various vertical chimneys of the plate pierced with holes leads to a distribution surface of the order of ten times greater than what was that of the conventional nozzle of the prior art which reduces the speed of passage of the gases by ensuring them a good homogeneity of distribution, even at high flow rates.
  • the vaporization chamber which has in its walls autonomous heating resistors in several adjustable groups allows an easy and very precise control of the thermal gradient within this chamber in the vertical direction and consequently a total control of the conditions of passage of the state aerosol in the vapor state.
  • This provision is essential, because this avoids the undesirable formation of various solid particles and has, in addition, the great advantage of not cooling the substrates which run on the heating strip in line with the injection system, since the heat of vaporization of the aerosol is no longer taken from the thermal radiation of the substrates themselves.
  • the vapor phase outlet injector allows, for example using a thermocouple, to accurately determine the temperature of the vapor phase and gas outlet, that is to say to prepare the conditions optimal pyrolysis which will take place in an area very close to heated substrates.
  • the aerosol and the additional air are introduced into the supply opening (s) of the chamber. injection via two concentric conduits, the central conduit of which carries the aerosol and the peripheral annular conduit of additional air.
  • the diameter of the feed openings being incommensurate with that of the holes of the injection nozzle according to the prior art, allows much more favorable injection conditions.
  • the injection chamber is provided with two supply openings situated with a transverse offset on two side walls facing each other.
  • This arrangement allows a better distribution of the gaseous threads in the injection chamber by avoiding the harmful turbulence which would not fail to occur if the supply openings, being two in number, were located face to face on two opposite side walls .
  • the number of groups of independent heating resistors provided in the walls of the vaporization chamber can be obviously any, but most often experience has shown that three groups of independently adjustable resistors allow sufficiently precise control of the temperature gradient of injection of the vapor phase.
  • the outlet injector of the aerosol injection system may comprise one or two unidirectional outlet slots; when there are two of them, the unidirectional outlet slots are symmetrical with respect to the box and directed for one in the direction of travel of the strip and for the other in the opposite direction.
  • FIG 3 there is shown an aerosol injection system 32 according to the invention.
  • This aerosol injection system is fixed like those of the prior art to the upper part of the muffle 2 of a heating oven in which a conveyor belt 34 containing samples 6 passes in the form of substrate to be coated.
  • the injection system 32 essentially comprises from top to bottom, three parts, namely: at the top, an injection chamber 36 followed on the common path of the aerosol and the gaseous phase by a vaporization chamber 38 and an outlet injector 40.
  • the aerosol injection system 32 serves, like the injection system of the prior art, to convey the aerosol, its carrier gas and the air additional, up to the immediate vicinity of the substrates 6 to be coated by pyrolysis of a precursor solute of the product to be deposited on the substrate 6.
  • This injection chamber comprises in its upper part, two aerosol supply openings 39 and 39a connected to tubes for supplying the aerosol transported by its carrier gas, respectively 42 and 44.
  • the axes of the pipes 42 and 44 are offset transversely and the two gas jets penetrate into the injection chamber 36 without meeting directly.
  • the injection of the additional air necessary for the transfer of the gaseous phase and / or for the reaction takes place along annular zones 46 and 48 of the inlet conduits 42 and 44, these zones 46 and 48 being each supplied by an additional air inlet pipe, respectively 50 and 52.
  • the injection chamber 36 is terminated at its lower part by a plate 54 pierced with a number of holes each of which is equipped with a short tubular element such as 56 which opens out in the manner of a vertical chimney in the upper part of the injection chamber 36.
  • These chimneys 56 constitute free passages of the aerosol and of the gaseous phase towards the vaporization chamber 38 immediately below; on the other hand, the plate 54 serves to collect all the undesirable condensation products which may form from the gas phase and which flow on the walls of the chamber 36, then on the surface of the plate 54, are finally evacuated towards the outside by a rejection tube 58 thus avoiding their passage in the vaporization chamber 38.
  • this vaporization chamber 38 which follows on the path of aerosols and the vapor phase to the previous injection chamber 36.
  • this vaporization chamber 38 is provided with a double wall 60 containing over the entire height a certain number of groups - here three in number - of heating resistors 62, 64 and 66, each of these groups being powered and adjustable independently.
  • This is precisely one of the essential means of the invention, by which one adjusts and optimizes, as a function of the flow rates or of the solvent used, the outlet temperature of the vapor phase at the level of the subsequent outlet injector 40.
  • the lower part of the injection system object of the invention consisting of the outlet injector 40 of the aerosol in the vapor phase, is produced by means of a slot 68 extending along a line segment 70 of general direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the substrates 6 on the strip 34; the opening of this slot 68 is oriented so as to ensure the routing of the vapor phase as parallel as possible to the strip 34 and to the surface of the moving substrates 6. It is in the immediate vicinity of the surface of these hot substrates that the pyrolysis and deposition operation takes place. As the vapor phase produced in the vaporization chamber 38 is free of any liquid or solid impurity, these deposits are thus produced under excellent conditions of cleanliness and homogeneity.
  • This bidirectional injector system makes it possible to practically quadruple the quantities deposited on the substrate and in any case the presence of an extraction - not shown - on either side of this injection system, allows a much more favorable arrangement for gas flows inside the injection system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention se rapporte d'une manière générale aux installations et appareils qui permettent de réaliser des couches composites que l'on dépose sur des substrats. Dans une telle installation, lesdits substrats sont chauffés et défilent dans le moufle d'un four où ils sont mis en présence d'un aérosol de gouttelettes contenant un soluté qui constitue le précurseur du produit final dont on les revêt.The present invention relates generally to installations and apparatuses which make it possible to produce composite layers which are deposited on substrates. In such an installation, said substrates are heated and pass through the muffle of an oven where they are placed in the presence of an aerosol of droplets containing a solute which constitutes the precursor of the final product with which they are coated.

L'invention concerne de façon plus précise encore, le système qui permet d'injecter cet aérosol à l'intérieur du four dans lequel défilent les substrats à revêtir.The invention relates more precisely still, the system which makes it possible to inject this aerosol inside the furnace in which the substrates to be coated pass.

Dans de telles installations, connues par exemple de WO-A-84/03720 l'aérosol de gouttelettes liquides contenant, comme soluté, le précurseur du produit à déposer est formé et véhiculé dans une phase gazeuse injectée en même temps que l'aérosol dans le four, et c'est lors de son arrivée au voisinage immédiat (quelques millimètres par exemple) des substrats chauffés que se produisent les deux phénomènes permettant le revêtement de ceux-ci. Tout d'abord dans un premier temps, les gouttelettes et le soluté se vaporisent sous l'influence de la chaleur et, dans un deuxième temps, la chaleur rayonnée par ces mêmes substrats provoquent la décomposition thermique ou pyrolyse du soluté précurseur dont la partie utile au revêtement se dépose alors directement sur le substrat lui-même.In such installations, known for example from WO-A-84/03720, the aerosol of liquid droplets containing, as solute, the precursor of the product to be deposited is formed and transported in a gaseous phase injected at the same time as the aerosol in the oven, and it is when it arrives in the immediate vicinity (a few millimeters for example) of the heated substrates that the two phenomena occur which allow them to be coated. Firstly, the droplets and the solute vaporize under the influence of heat and, secondly, the heat radiated by these same substrates cause thermal decomposition or pyrolysis of the precursor solute, the useful part of which the coating is then deposited directly on the substrate itself.

Cette technique permet par conséquent de déposer des produits par pyrolyse d'un composé chimique en solution dans un solvant, même si le soluté précurseur du produit de dépôt a une pression de vapeur trop basse pour être vaporisable directement à la température ambiante.This technique therefore makes it possible to deposit products by pyrolysis of a chemical compound in solution in a solvent, even if the precursor solute of the deposition product has a vapor pressure too low to be vaporizable directly at room temperature.

Ce mode opératoire qui a permis la réalisation de dépôts d'excellente qualité est néanmoins d'un réglage délicat et d'une mise en oeuvre difficile pour plusieurs raisons qui tiennent à la fois au principe même des conditions dans lesquelles on réalise la pyrolyse et d'autre part aux difficultés propres au type d'injecteur utilisé dans les appareils industriels mis en oeuvre jusqu'à ce jour.
En se référant aux figures 1 et 2 ci-jointes, on va décrire maintenant un appareillage connu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de dépôt par pyrolyse à partir d'aérosols sur des substrats chauffés. La description de cet appareil connu et de son fonctionnement permettra de mieux comprendre certains des défauts spécifiques de l'art antérieur que la présente invention a précisément pour objet de corriger.
This procedure, which has made it possible to produce deposits of excellent quality, is nevertheless of delicate adjustment and difficult to implement for several reasons which are due both to the very principle of the conditions under which the pyrolysis is carried out and to on the other hand to the difficulties specific to the type of injector used in the industrial apparatuses used to date.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 attached, we will now describe a known apparatus for the implementation of the pyrolysis deposition process from aerosols on heated substrates. The description of this known device and of its operation will make it possible to better understand some of the specific faults of the prior art that the present invention specifically aims to correct.

Sur la figure 1, qui est une vue en perspective d'un four à pyrolyse dont on voit le moufle 2, de forme parallélépipédique allongée, dans lequel défile une bande transporteuse 4 supportant des substrats 6 à revêtir. Le schéma de la figure 1 montre le four au niveau d'un de ses dispositifs d'injection d'aérosols 8 constitué essentiellement d'un caisson de forme également parallélépipédique venant s'emboîter sur le moufle 2. Le caisson d'injection 8 renferme essentiellement une buse d'injection 10 proprement dite, qui sera d'ailleurs décrite plus en détail en se référant à la figure 2, et, à son sommet, une entrée 12 pour l'air additionnel. Entre les deux, une plaque 14 perforée de trous permet d'homogénéiser et de répartir l'air additionnel pénétrant par la canalisation 12 dans tout le volume du caisson d'injection 8. L'injecteur 10 reçoit à ses extrémités 16 et 18 l'aérosol à injecter dans le caisson 8, lequel aérosol s'échappe dans le caisson d'injection 8 par des orifices 20 de l'injecteur 10 situés à la partie supérieure de celui-ci. Cet aérosol, comme on l'a déjà expliqué, contient dans ses gouttelettes liquides, un soluté qui est utilisé comme précurseur du corps à déposer sur les substrats chauffés 6 et qui apparaîtra, après vaporisation de cet aérosol sous l'effet de la pyrolyse qui se produit au contact des substrats chauds 6 et de la vapeur d'aérosol. A l'intérieur du moufle 2 du four, se trouve un certain nombre de plaques déflectrices telles que 22 servant à homogénéiser et à régulariser le débit de la phase vapeur d'une manière connue de l'homme de métier et qu'il n'importe pas de décrire ici pour la compréhension de l'invention.In FIG. 1, which is a perspective view of a pyrolysis oven, the muffle 2, of elongated parallelepiped shape, in which a conveyor belt 4 supporting the substrates 6 to be coated runs. The diagram in FIG. 1 shows the furnace at the level of one of its aerosol injection devices 8 essentially consisting of a box, also of parallelepiped shape, which fits onto the muffle 2. The injection box 8 contains essentially an injection nozzle 10 proper, which will moreover be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 2, and, at its top, an inlet 12 for additional air. Between the two, a plate 14 perforated with holes makes it possible to homogenize and distribute the additional air entering through the pipe 12 throughout the volume of the injection box 8. The injector 10 receives at its ends 16 and 18 ' aerosol to be injected into the box 8, which aerosol escapes into the injection box 8 through orifices 20 of the injector 10 located at the top of the latter. This aerosol, as has already been explained, contains in its liquid droplets, a solute which is used as a body precursor to be deposited on the heated substrates 6 and which will appear, after vaporization of this aerosol under the effect of pyrolysis which occurs on contact with hot substrates 6 and aerosol vapor. Inside the muffle 2 of the oven, there are a number of deflector plates such as 22 serving to homogenize and regulate the flow of the vapor phase in a manner known to those skilled in the art and which not important to describe here for the understanding of the invention.

On a également représenté sur cette figure 1, une buse d'aspiration 24 de forme générale tronconique qui permet de régler le débit d'écoulement et d'aspiration de la phase vapeur résiduelle.Also shown in this Figure 1, a suction nozzle 24 of generally frustoconical shape which allows to adjust the flow rate and suction of the residual vapor phase.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté la buse d'injection 10 de la figure 1, avec ses deux entrées 16 et 18 pour l'aérosol entraîné par son gaz vecteur ainsi qu'une enveloppe annulaire 26 destinée à recevoir un liquide thermostatique qui entre à une extrémité 28 dans cette chambre 26 pour en sortir à l'autre extrémité 30. On retrouve sur cette buse à injection les orifices 20 qui sont situés à la partir supérieure et par lesquels s'échappe selon les trajets visualisés par des flèches l'aérosol entraîné par son gaz vecteur. La température de fonctionnement de la buse 10 est le plus souvent réglée par le liquide qui circule dans la zone annulaire périphérique 26 à une température de l'ordre de 50 à 60°C.In FIG. 2, the injection nozzle 10 of FIG. 1 is shown, with its two inlets 16 and 18 for the aerosol entrained by its carrier gas as well as an annular casing 26 intended to receive a thermostatic liquid which enters at one end 28 in this chamber 26 to exit therefrom at the other end 30. On this injection nozzle are found the orifices 20 which are located at the top and through which escapes according to the paths visualized by arrows l ' aerosol entrained by its carrier gas. The operating temperature of the nozzle 10 is most often regulated by the liquid which circulates in the peripheral annular zone 26 at a temperature of the order of 50 to 60 ° C.

En ce qui concerne le principe même de la méthode mise en oeuvre, il est clair que le réglage des paramètres qui conduisent à un dépôt d'excellente qualité est assez difficile, puisque l'aérosol de gouttelettes étant injecté verticalement au-dessus du four, c'est dans les tout derniers millimètres de son parcours qu'ont lieu les deux opérations essentielles et successives de vaporisation de l'aérosol et de pyrolyse du soluté ainsi vaporisé. De plus, c'est la chaleur irradiée par les substrats dans la zone 11 et elle seule à laquelle on emprunte l'énergie de vaporisation et l'énergie de pyrolyse, ce qui a pour conséquence un refroidissement notable des substrats au moment même où le produit à déposer prend contact avec ceux-ci.With regard to the very principle of the method used, it is clear that the adjustment of the parameters which lead to an excellent quality deposit is quite difficult, since the aerosol of droplets being injected vertically above the oven, it is in the very last millimeters of its course that the two essential and successive operations of vaporization of the aerosol and of pyrolysis of the solute thus vaporized take place. In addition, it is the heat irradiated by the substrates in zone 11 and it alone from which the vaporization energy and the pyrolysis energy are borrowed, which results in a notable cooling of the substrates at the very moment when the product to be deposited takes contact with them.

En d'autres termes, la vaporisation, la pyrolyse et le dépôt ont lieu dans une zone très étroite soumise à des échanges thermiques complexes, ce qui nécessite un ajustage délicat de différents paramètres surtout si l'on veut faire varier la vitesse de défilement des substrats dans le four ou les débits gazeux d'injection pour des impératifs particuliers de fabrication.In other words, the vaporization, the pyrolysis and the deposition take place in a very narrow zone subjected to complex heat exchanges, which requires a delicate adjustment of different parameters especially if one wants to vary the speed of movement of the substrates in the furnace or gas injection rates for specific manufacturing requirements.

Dans les dispositifs connus tels qu'ils viennent d'être schématiquement décrits, la seule source de chauffage permettant le passage de l'aérosol à l'état vapeur et la pyrolyse consécutive du soluté réside dans le rayonnement du mouffle du four lui-même ce qui est générateur d'inconvénients si l'on veut travailler avec des cadences de production industrielles sans qu'il y ait perte de la qualité du revêtement obtenu. En effet, dans un système connu selon la figure 1, on observe après un certain nombre d'heures de fonctionnement l'apparition de gouttes de condensats puis de particules solides à la sortie des orifices 20 de la buse 10 et ce d'autant plus que l'on recherche une cadence de production élevée. En effet, ces particules solides sont la conséquence des condensats qui se produisent de façon inévitable lorsqu'on augmente les débits et qui, ayant perdu leur solvant se concentrent pour passer d'abord à l'état pâteux puis à l'état solide. Ces particules sont entraînées d'une façon aléatoire dans le temps, tombent sur les substrats et dégradent ainsi la qualité des couches de revêtement que l'on cherche à fabriquer. Au bout d'un certain temps il n'est pas rare que l'on observe l'obstruction d'un certain nombre des trous d'injection 20 de la buse 10, ce qui compromet évidemment le rendement et la qualité de la production. A ce phénomène s'en ajoute un autre qui est consécutif aux variations thermiques de la buse lors de chaque redémarrage de l'installation après un arrêt. Tant que la température de celle-ci n'est pas bien stabilisée par le liquide thermostatique circulant dans l'enceinte 26, les aérosols et le gaz porteur donnent lieu à des dépôts solides qui sont entraînés et peuvent compromettre également de façon sérieuse la qualité des dépôts effectués sur les substrats 6.In the known devices as they have just been schematically described, the only source of heating allowing the passage of the aerosol to the vapor state and the subsequent pyrolysis of the solute resides in the radiation from the muffle of the oven itself. which generates disadvantages if you want to work with industrial production rates without there being a loss in the quality of the coating obtained. Indeed, in a known system according to FIG. 1, after a certain number of operating hours, the appearance of drops of condensate and then of solid particles at the outlet is observed. orifices 20 of the nozzle 10, all the more so when a high production rate is sought. In fact, these solid particles are the consequence of the condensates which inevitably occur when the flow rates are increased and which, having lost their solvent, concentrate first to pass into the pasty state and then to the solid state. These particles are entrained in a random fashion over time, fall on the substrates and thus degrade the quality of the coating layers that one seeks to manufacture. After a certain time it is not uncommon for the obstruction of a certain number of the injection holes 20 of the nozzle 10 to be observed, which obviously compromises the yield and the quality of the production. To this phenomenon is added another which is consecutive to the thermal variations of the nozzle during each restart of the installation after a stop. As long as the temperature thereof is not well stabilized by the thermostatic liquid circulating in the enclosure 26, the aerosols and the carrier gas give rise to solid deposits which are entrained and can also seriously compromise the quality of the deposits made on the substrates 6.

Les difficultés précédentes que l'on rencontre pour utiliser les dispositifs de production de couches composites par pyrolyse à l'aide des appareillages précédemment rappelés deviennent spécialement gênantes lorsque l'on veut à la fois augmenter les cadences de production industrielle et maintenir la qualité des revêtements obtenus, notamment leur homogénéité, leur propreté et leur aspect.The previous difficulties encountered in using the devices for producing composite layers by pyrolysis using the aforementioned apparatuses become particularly troublesome when it is desired both to increase the rates of industrial production and to maintain the quality of the coatings. obtained, in particular their homogeneity, their cleanliness and their appearance.

Les difficultés précédentes proviennent donc des conditions de vaporisation et de pyrolyse lorsque la seule source de chaleur est le rayonnement du four, ainsi que de l'injecteur du four qui conduit, dans ces conditions, à la production de particules solides indésirables.The above difficulties therefore arise from the vaporization and pyrolysis conditions when the only source of heat is the radiation from the oven, as well as from the injector of the oven which leads, under these conditions, to the production of undesirable solid particles.

La présente invention a précisément pour objet un nouveau système d'injection d'aérosol pour élaboration de couches composites par pyrolyse qui résout les problèmes précédents par adjonction à ce dernier de moyens de chauffage autonomes et suppression de la buse d'injection en tant que telle.The present invention specifically relates to a new aerosol injection system for developing composite layers by pyrolysis which solves the above problems by adding to the latter autonomous heating means and eliminating the injection nozzle as such. .

Ce système d'injection d'aérosols de gouttelettes véhiculées dans une phase gazeuse et contenant un soluté pour élaboration de couches composites par pyrolyse du soluté sur des substrats chauffés en défilement dans le moufle d'un four, comportant un caisson vertical de forme générale parallélépipédique, adaptable par sa base audit moufle, alimenté en aérosol et en air additionnel à son sommet, ledit caisson servant à canaliser l'aérosol depuis son arrivée au sommet jusqu'à sa base où il atteint les différents substrats chauffés, se caractérise en ce que ce caisson comporte trois parties, à savoir de haut en bas et sur le trajet commun de l'aérosol et de la phase gazeuse :

  • une chambre d'injection munie dans sa partie supérieure d'au moins une ouverture pour l'alimentation en aérosol et en air additionnel, et, dans sa partie inférieure, d'une plaque percée de trous dont chacun est équipé d'un élément tubulaire court à la manière d'une cheminée verticale débouchant dans la chambre d'injection, les différentes cheminées assurant le libre passage de l'aérosol et de l'air additionnel en direction de la base du caisson ;
  • une chambre de vaporisation des gouttelettes de l'aérosol munie d'une double paroi latérale contenant des résistances chauffantes réparties sur toute la hauteur en plusieurs groupes réglables chacun de façon autonome ;
  • un injecteur de sortie de l'aérosol en phase vapeur en continuité avec la paroi inférieure du caisson et équipé d'au moins une fente s'étendant selon un segment de droite de direction générale perpendiculaire à la direction de défilement des substrats à revêtir mais d'ouverture orientée de façon à assurer l'acheminement sur ceux-ci de cette phase vapeur aussi parallèlement que possible à leur surface.
This system for injecting aerosols of droplets conveyed in a gas phase and containing a solute for the preparation of composite layers by pyrolysis of the solute on heated substrates traveling in the muffle of an oven, comprising a vertical box of generally parallelepipedal shape , adaptable by its base to said muffle, supplied with aerosol and additional air at its top, said box serving to channel the aerosol from its arrival at the top to its base where it reaches the various heated substrates, is characterized in that this box has three parts, namely from top to bottom and on the common path of the aerosol and the gas phase:
  • an injection chamber provided in its upper part with at least one opening for supplying aerosol and additional air, and, in its lower part, with a plate pierced with holes, each of which is fitted with a tubular element runs like a vertical chimney opening into the injection chamber, the different chimneys ensuring the free passage of the aerosol and additional air towards the base of the box;
  • a spray chamber for aerosol droplets fitted with a double wall lateral containing heating resistors distributed over the entire height in several groups each adjustable independently;
  • a vapor phase aerosol outlet injector in continuity with the lower wall of the box and equipped with at least one slot extending along a line segment of general direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the substrates to be coated but d 'opening oriented so as to ensure the routing thereon of this vapor phase as parallel as possible to their surface.

Ce nouveau système d'injection d'aérosol permet ainsi d'améliorer et de contrôler de façon très précise l'évolution de l'aérosol et de la phase gazeuse qui l'entraîne depuis le sommet du caisson d'injection jusqu'à sa base par les différents moyens qui s'y trouvent associés.This new aerosol injection system thus makes it possible to improve and very precisely control the evolution of the aerosol and of the gaseous phase which drives it from the top of the injection box to its base. by the various means associated with it.

Tout d'abord, la chambre d'injection située à la partie supérieure joue le rôle de chambre de condensation dans laquelle les aérosols entraînés par leur gaz porteur se débarrassent éventuellement des condensats qui peuvent se produire, grâce à la plaque percée de trous dont les différents orifices sont équipés de cheminées qui ne laissent passer que l'aérosol alors que les condensats éventuels sont recueillis sur la plaque et évacués à l'extérieur. De plus, la surface de passage de l'aérosol à la fois à la sortie des ouvertures d'alimentation et au niveau des différentes cheminées verticales de la plaque percée de trous conduit à une surface de répartition de l'ordre de dix fois supérieure à ce qu'était celle de la buse classique de l'art antérieur ce qui réduit la vitesse de passage des gaz en leur assurant une bonne homogénéité de répartition, même à des débits élevés.First of all, the injection chamber located at the top plays the role of condensation chamber in which the aerosols entrained by their carrier gas eventually get rid of the condensates which can occur, thanks to the plate pierced with holes whose various orifices are equipped with chimneys which allow only the aerosol to pass through while any condensate is collected on the plate and evacuated outside. In addition, the aerosol passage surface both at the outlet of the supply openings and at the level of the various vertical chimneys of the plate pierced with holes leads to a distribution surface of the order of ten times greater than what was that of the conventional nozzle of the prior art which reduces the speed of passage of the gases by ensuring them a good homogeneity of distribution, even at high flow rates.

La chambre de vaporisation qui possède dans ses parois des résistances chauffantes autonomes en plusieurs groupes réglables permet un contrôle facile et très précis du gradient thermique au sein de cette chambre selon la direction verticale et par conséquent un contrôle total des conditions de passage de l'état d'aérosol à l'état de vapeur. Cette disposition est capitale, car ceci évite la formation indésirable de particules solides diverses et a, de plus, le gros avantage de ne pas refroidir les substrats qui défilent sur la bande chauffante au droit du système d'injection, puisque la chaleur de vaporisation de l'aérosol n'est plus prélevée sur le rayonnement thermique des substrats eux-mêmes.The vaporization chamber which has in its walls autonomous heating resistors in several adjustable groups allows an easy and very precise control of the thermal gradient within this chamber in the vertical direction and consequently a total control of the conditions of passage of the state aerosol in the vapor state. This provision is essential, because this avoids the undesirable formation of various solid particles and has, in addition, the great advantage of not cooling the substrates which run on the heating strip in line with the injection system, since the heat of vaporization of the aerosol is no longer taken from the thermal radiation of the substrates themselves.

Enfin, l'injecteur de sortie de la phase vapeur permet par exemple à l'aide d'un thermocouple, de déterminer avec précision la température de sortie de la phase vapeur et du gaz, c'est-à-dire de préparer les conditions optimales de la pyrolyse qui s'effectuera dans une zone toute proche des substrats chauffés.Finally, the vapor phase outlet injector allows, for example using a thermocouple, to accurately determine the temperature of the vapor phase and gas outlet, that is to say to prepare the conditions optimal pyrolysis which will take place in an area very close to heated substrates.

Selon un mode particulièrement intéressant de mise en oeuvre du système d'injection d'aérosol, objet de l'invention, l'aérosol et l'air additionnel sont introduits dans la (les) ouverture(s) d'alimentation de la chambre d'injection par deux conduits concentriques dont le conduit central véhicule l'aérosol et le conduit annulaire périphérique véhicule l'air additionnel. Bien entendu, le diamètre des ouvertures d'alimentation étant sans commune mesure avec celui des trous de la buse d'injection selon l'art antérieur, permet des conditions d'injection beaucoup plus favorables.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the aerosol injection system, object of the invention, the aerosol and the additional air are introduced into the supply opening (s) of the chamber. injection via two concentric conduits, the central conduit of which carries the aerosol and the peripheral annular conduit of additional air. Of course, the diameter of the feed openings being incommensurate with that of the holes of the injection nozzle according to the prior art, allows much more favorable injection conditions.

De façon préférentielle d'ailleurs, la chambre d'injection est munie de deux ouvertures d'alimentation situées avec un décalage transversal sur deux parois latérales se faisant face. Cette disposition permet une meilleurs répartition des filets gazeux dans la chambre d'injection en évitant les turbulences néfastes qui ne manqueraient pas de se produire si les ouvertures d'alimentation, étant au nombre de deux, étaient situées face à face sur deux parois latérales opposées.Preferably, moreover, the injection chamber is provided with two supply openings situated with a transverse offset on two side walls facing each other. This arrangement allows a better distribution of the gaseous threads in the injection chamber by avoiding the harmful turbulence which would not fail to occur if the supply openings, being two in number, were located face to face on two opposite side walls .

Le nombre de groupes de résistances chauffantes indépendantes prévues dans les parois de la chambre de vaporisation peut être évidemment quelconque, mais le plus souvent l'expérience a montré que trois groupes de résistances réglables de façon indépendante permettaient un contrôle suffisamment précis du gradient de température de l'injection de la phase vapeur.The number of groups of independent heating resistors provided in the walls of the vaporization chamber can be obviously any, but most often experience has shown that three groups of independently adjustable resistors allow sufficiently precise control of the temperature gradient of injection of the vapor phase.

Enfin, l'injecteur de sortie du système d'injection d'aérosol selon l'invention peut comporter une ou deux fentes de sortie unidirectionnelles ; lorsqu'elles sont au nombre de deux les fentes de sortie unidirectionnel les sont symétriques par rapport au caisson et dirigées pour l'une dans le sens de défilement de la bande et pour l'autre dans le sens opposé.Finally, the outlet injector of the aerosol injection system according to the invention may comprise one or two unidirectional outlet slots; when there are two of them, the unidirectional outlet slots are symmetrical with respect to the box and directed for one in the direction of travel of the strip and for the other in the opposite direction.

De toute façon l'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de plusieurs modes de mise en oeuvre, qui sera faite en se référant aux figures 3 à 5 sur lesquelles :

  • la figure 3 est une vue en élévation avec arrachement partiel de l'avant du caisson d'un système d'injection d'aérosol selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue éclatée en perspective de la chambre d'injection proprement dite du système d'injection d'aérosol, objet de l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 montre une variante de l'injecteur de sortie du système d'injection de la figure 3, dans laquelle cet injecteur de sortie comporte deux fentes unidirectionnelles symétriques dirigées de part et d'autre de l'axe du caisson.
In any case, the invention will be better understood on reading the following description of several modes of implementation, which will be made with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 in which:
  • Figure 3 is an elevational view with partial cutaway of the front of the box of an aerosol injection system according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the actual injection chamber of the aerosol injection system, object of the invention;
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the outlet injector of the injection system of FIG. 3, in which this outlet injector comprises two symmetrical unidirectional slots directed on either side of the axis of the box.

Sur la figure 3, on a représenté un système d'injection d'aérosol 32 conforme à l'invention. Ce système d'injection d'aérosol est fixé comme ceux de l'art antérieur à la partie supérieure du moufle 2 d'un four chauffant dans lequel défile une bande transporteuse 34 contenant des échantillons 6 sous forme de substrat à revêtir.In Figure 3, there is shown an aerosol injection system 32 according to the invention. This aerosol injection system is fixed like those of the prior art to the upper part of the muffle 2 of a heating oven in which a conveyor belt 34 containing samples 6 passes in the form of substrate to be coated.

Conformément à l'invention, le système d'injection 32 comporte essentiellement de haut en bas, trois parties, à savoir : à la partie supérieure, une chambre d'injection 36 suivie sur le trajet commun de l'aérosol et de la phase gazeuse par une chambre de vaporisation 38 et un injecteur de sortie 40. Le système d'injection de l'aérosol 32 sert, comme le système d'injection de l'art antérieur, à acheminer l'aérosol, son gaz vecteur et l'air additionnel, jusqu'au voisinage immédiat des substrats 6 à revêtir par pyrolyse d'un soluté précurseur du produit à déposer sur le substrat 6.According to the invention, the injection system 32 essentially comprises from top to bottom, three parts, namely: at the top, an injection chamber 36 followed on the common path of the aerosol and the gaseous phase by a vaporization chamber 38 and an outlet injector 40. The aerosol injection system 32 serves, like the injection system of the prior art, to convey the aerosol, its carrier gas and the air additional, up to the immediate vicinity of the substrates 6 to be coated by pyrolysis of a precursor solute of the product to be deposited on the substrate 6.

On commencera par décrire la chambre d'injection 36 en se référant à la figure 4 où elle est représentée plus en détail. Cette chambre d'injection comporte dans sa partie supérieure, deux ouvertures d'alimentation en aérosol 39 et 39a reliées à des tubulures d'amenée de l'aérosol véhiculé par son gaz vecteur, respectivement 42 et 44. Selon une particularité préférentielle de l'invention, les axes des conduites 42 et 44 sont décalées transversalement et les deux jets gazeux pénètrent dans la chambre d'injection 36 sans se rencontrer directement. Dans l'exemple décrit, l'injection de l'air additionnel nécessaire au transfert de la phase gazeuse et/ou à la réaction a lieu selon des zones annulaires 46 et 48 des conduits d'entrée 42 et 44, ces zones 46 et 48 étant alimentées chacune par une tubulure d'entrée de l'air additionnel, respectivement 50 et 52.We will begin by describing the injection chamber 36 with reference to Figure 4 where it is shown in more detail. This injection chamber comprises in its upper part, two aerosol supply openings 39 and 39a connected to tubes for supplying the aerosol transported by its carrier gas, respectively 42 and 44. According to a preferred feature of the invention, the axes of the pipes 42 and 44 are offset transversely and the two gas jets penetrate into the injection chamber 36 without meeting directly. In the example described, the injection of the additional air necessary for the transfer of the gaseous phase and / or for the reaction takes place along annular zones 46 and 48 of the inlet conduits 42 and 44, these zones 46 and 48 being each supplied by an additional air inlet pipe, respectively 50 and 52.

Selon l'invention, la chambre d'injection 36 est terminée à sa partie inférieure par une plaque 54 percée d'un certain nombre de trous dont chacun est équipé d'un élément tubulaire court tel que 56 qui débouche à la manière d'une cheminée verticale dans la partie supérieure de la chambre d'injection 36. Ces cheminées 56 constituent des passages libres de l'aérosol et de la phase gazeuse vers la chambre de vaporisation 38 immédiatement inférieure ; d'autre part, la plaque 54 sert à rassembler tous les produits de condensation indésirables qui peuvent se former à partir de la phase gazeuse et qui s'écoulant sur les parois de la chambre 36, puis à la surface de la plaque 54, sont finalement évacués vers l'extérieur par une tubulure de rejet 58 évitant ainsi leur passage dans la chambre de vaporisation 38. Cette structure particulière de la plaque percée de trous 54 de la chambre d'injection 36 élimine déjà une partie importante des difficultés de l'art antérieur concernant l'arrivée éventuelle de condensats indésirables sur les substrats à revêtir. Il faut noter d'ailleurs que cette élimination des condensats éventuels est parfaitement compatible grâce au nombre des cheminées de la plaque 54 et aux dimensions de leur diamètre avec un écoulement gazeux de fort débit, par exemple supérieur de 10 fois au débit gazeux que l'on ne pouvait dépasser, avec les dispositifs de l'art antérieur, sans mettre en cause la qualité des dépôts réalisés.According to the invention, the injection chamber 36 is terminated at its lower part by a plate 54 pierced with a number of holes each of which is equipped with a short tubular element such as 56 which opens out in the manner of a vertical chimney in the upper part of the injection chamber 36. These chimneys 56 constitute free passages of the aerosol and of the gaseous phase towards the vaporization chamber 38 immediately below; on the other hand, the plate 54 serves to collect all the undesirable condensation products which may form from the gas phase and which flow on the walls of the chamber 36, then on the surface of the plate 54, are finally evacuated towards the outside by a rejection tube 58 thus avoiding their passage in the vaporization chamber 38. This particular structure of the plate pierced with holes 54 of the injection chamber 36 already eliminates a significant part of the difficulties of the prior art concerning the possible arrival of undesirable condensates on the substrates to be coated. It should also be noted that this elimination of any condensate is perfectly compatible thanks to the number of chimneys of the plate 54 and to the dimensions of their diameter with a high flow gas flow, for example 10 times greater than the gas flow than the one could not exceed, with the devices of the prior art, without questioning the quality of the deposits made.

En revenant maintenant à la figure 3, on va décrire plus en détail la chambre de vaporisation 38 qui fait suite sur le trajet des aérosols et de la phase vapeur à la chambre d'injection 36 précédente. Conformément à l'invention, cette chambre de vaporisation 38 est munie d'une double paroi 60 contenant sur toute la hauteur un certain nombre de groupes - ici au nombre de trois - de résistances chauffantes 62, 64 et 66, chacun de ces groupes étant alimenté et réglable de façon autonome. C'est précisément l'un des moyens essentiels de l'invention, par lequel on règle et on optimise en fonction des débits ou du solvant utilisés, la température de sortie de la phase vapeur au niveau de l'injecteur de sortie 40 ultérieur. On peut également à l'aide de ces trois réglages thermiques sur plusieurs zones indépendantes, tolérer pour un même débit une vitesse d'aérosol augmentée d'un facteur dix par exemple par rapport à ce qu'il était possible d'accepter avec les injecteurs de l'art antérieur, simplement par le fait que l'on est maître des paramètres qui permettent d'obtenir un écoulement régulier et renouvelé et d'éviter ainsi, par stagnation dans certaines zones, la formation de phases solides indésirables possibles. En d'autres termes, à la sortie de la chambre de vaporisation 38, c'est-à-dire à l'entrée dans l'injecteur de sortie 40, les produits véhiculés sont entièrement en phase gazeuse et vapeur, à la température souhaitable pour que la pyrolyse consécutive s'effectue dans les meilleures conditions. Il faut noter une fois encore que ce résultat est obtenu grâce à l'apport thermique des résistances chauffantes 62, 64 et 66, c'est-à-dire sans aucun emprunt de rayonnement au substrat 6 qui défile sur la bande transporteuse 34.Returning now to Figure 3, we will describe in more detail the vaporization chamber 38 which follows on the path of aerosols and the vapor phase to the previous injection chamber 36. According to the invention, this vaporization chamber 38 is provided with a double wall 60 containing over the entire height a certain number of groups - here three in number - of heating resistors 62, 64 and 66, each of these groups being powered and adjustable independently. This is precisely one of the essential means of the invention, by which one adjusts and optimizes, as a function of the flow rates or of the solvent used, the outlet temperature of the vapor phase at the level of the subsequent outlet injector 40. It is also possible, with the aid of these three thermal settings in several independent zones, to tolerate an aerosol speed increased by a factor of ten for the same flow rate, for example compared to what it was possible to accept with the injectors. of the prior art, simply by the fact that one is in control of the parameters which make it possible to obtain a regular and renewed flow and thus to avoid, by stagnation in certain zones, the formation of possible undesirable solid phases. In other words, at the outlet of the vaporization chamber 38, that is to say at the inlet into the outlet injector 40, the products conveyed are entirely in the gaseous and vapor phase, at the desirable temperature. so that the subsequent pyrolysis takes place under the best conditions. It should be noted once again that this result is obtained thanks to the thermal contribution of the heating resistors 62, 64 and 66, that is to say without any borrowing of radiation from the substrate 6 which runs on the conveyor belt 34.

Enfin, la partie inférieure du système d'injection objet de l'invention, constituée de l'injecteur de sortie 40 de l'aérosol en phase vapeur, est réalisée au moyen d'une fente 68 s'étendant selon un segment de droite 70 de direction générale perpendiculaire à la direction de défilement des substrats 6 sur la bande 34 ; l'ouverture de cette fente 68 est orientée de façon à assurer l'acheminement de la phase vapeur aussi parallèlement que possible à la bande 34 et à la surface des substrats 6 en défilement. C'est au voisinage immédiat de la surface de ces substrats chauds qu'a lieu l'opération de pyrolyse et de dépôt. Comme la phase vapeur produite dans la chambre de vaporisation 38 est exempte de toute impureté liquide ou solide, ces dépôts sont ainsi réalisés dans d'excellentes conditions de propreté et d'homogénéité.Finally, the lower part of the injection system object of the invention, consisting of the outlet injector 40 of the aerosol in the vapor phase, is produced by means of a slot 68 extending along a line segment 70 of general direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the substrates 6 on the strip 34; the opening of this slot 68 is oriented so as to ensure the routing of the vapor phase as parallel as possible to the strip 34 and to the surface of the moving substrates 6. It is in the immediate vicinity of the surface of these hot substrates that the pyrolysis and deposition operation takes place. As the vapor phase produced in the vaporization chamber 38 is free of any liquid or solid impurity, these deposits are thus produced under excellent conditions of cleanliness and homogeneity.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 5, où l'on retrouve les mêmes éléments que sur la figure 4, on va décrire une variante de mise en oeuvre de l'injecteur de sortie de la phase vapeur dans laquelle celui-ci comporte deux fentes de sortie unidirectionnelles respectivement 72 et 74 qui sont orientées symétriquement par rapport à l'axe vertical du caisson de l'injecteur, mais dont l'une, 72, est dirigée dans le sens de défilement de la bande 34, et l'autre, 74, dans le sens opposé. L'homme de métier saura choisir dans chaque cas particulier et en fonction du résultat à atteindre, celui des deux injecteurs de sortie précédents qui convient le mieux.Referring now to Figure 5, where we find the same elements as in Figure 4, we will describe an alternative embodiment of the vapor phase outlet injector in which it has two slots unidirectional outlet 72 and 74 respectively which are oriented symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis of the injector box, but one of which, 72, is directed in the direction of travel of the strip 34, and the other, 74, in the opposite direction. Those skilled in the art will be able to choose in each particular case and depending on the result to be achieved, which of the two preceding output injectors is the most suitable.

Ce système d'injecteur bidirectionnel permet pratiquement de quadrupler les quantités déposées sur le substrat et de toute façon la présence d'une extraction - non représentée - de part et d'autre de ce système d'injection, permet une disposition beaucoup plus favorable aux écoulements gazeux à l'intérieur du système d'injection.This bidirectional injector system makes it possible to practically quadruple the quantities deposited on the substrate and in any case the presence of an extraction - not shown - on either side of this injection system, allows a much more favorable arrangement for gas flows inside the injection system.

D'une façon générale, et contrairement à ce qui était le cas avec les caissons d'injection de l'art antérieur, il y a une proportionalité réelle entre le débit gazeux et la quantité de revêtement déposé sur les substrats. Notamment, en doublant le débit gazeux on double pratiquenent la quantité de produit déposé ce qui n'était absolument pas possible avec le système d'injection de l'art antérieur.In general, and contrary to what was the case with the injection boxes of the prior art, there is a real proportionality between the gas flow rate and the amount of coating deposited on the substrates. In particular, by doubling the gas flow, the quantity of product deposited is practically doubled, which was absolutely not possible with the injection system of the prior art.

Claims (6)

  1. System for the injection of droplet aerosols travelling in a gaseous phase and containing a solute for the production of composite layers by the pyrolysis of the solute on heated substrates (6) travelling in the muffle (2) of a furnace, which has a generally parallelepipedic, vertical case (8), adaptable by its base to the said muffle and supplied with aerosol and additional air at its top, said case being used for channelling the aerosol from its arrival at the top down to its base, where it reaches the various heated substrates, characterized in that said case has three parts, namely from top to bottan and on the commo path of the aerosol and the gaseous phase:
    an injection chamber (36) provided in its upper part with at least one opening for the aerosol and additional air supply and, in its lower part, with a plate (54) having holes, each of which is provided with a short tubular element (56) in the manner of a vertical chimney stack issuing into the injection chamber, the different stacks (56) ensuring the free passage of the aerosol and the additional air in the direction of the base of the case;
    a chamber (38) for vaporizing the aerosol droplets and provided with a double side wall containing heating resistors (62, 64, 66) distributed over the entire height in several groups, each regulatable in an autonanous manner;
    a vapour phase aerosol discharge injector (40) continuous with the lower wall of the case and provided with at least one slot (68) extending along a straight segment (70) in a general direction perpendicular to the travel direction of the substrate (6) to be coated, but whose opening is oriented in such a way as to ensure the passing onto the same of the vapour phase as parallel as possible to their surface.
  2. Aerosol injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the aerosol and the additional air are introduced into the supply opening or openings of the injection chamber (36) by two concentric ducts, whereof the central duct (42, 44) carries the aerosol and the peripheral annular duct (46, 48) the additional air.
  3. Aerosol injection system according to either of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the injection chamber (36) is provided with two supply openings (39, 39a), which are positioned in a displaced manner on the two facing side walls.
  4. Aerosol injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vaporization chamber (38) has three groups of resistors, each of which is independently regulatable.
  5. Aerosol injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge injector (40) has a unidirectional discharge slot (68).
  6. Aerosol injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge injector (40) has two unidirectional discharge slots (72, 74) positioned symmetrically with respect to the case, one being directed in the travel direction of the belt and the other in the opposite diection.
EP91401149A 1990-05-02 1991-04-30 System of aerosol injection for making composite layers by pyrolysis Expired - Lifetime EP0455555B1 (en)

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FR909005525A FR2661623B1 (en) 1989-04-04 1990-05-02 AEROSOL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR PREPARING COMPOSITE LAYERS BY PYROLYSIS.
FR9005525 1990-05-02

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EP0455555A1 EP0455555A1 (en) 1991-11-06
EP0455555B1 true EP0455555B1 (en) 1994-06-29

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US4618508A (en) * 1983-03-21 1986-10-21 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Process for producing composite layers
GB2216903A (en) * 1988-04-06 1989-10-18 Ici Plc Transparent conductive zinc oxide layer

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US5190592A (en) 1993-03-02
CA2041631A1 (en) 1991-11-03
DE69102679D1 (en) 1994-08-04
EP0455555A1 (en) 1991-11-06
DE69102679T2 (en) 1995-01-12
JPH04228458A (en) 1992-08-18

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