EP0454703A1 - Joining of composite materials - Google Patents
Joining of composite materialsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0454703A1 EP0454703A1 EP90901611A EP90901611A EP0454703A1 EP 0454703 A1 EP0454703 A1 EP 0454703A1 EP 90901611 A EP90901611 A EP 90901611A EP 90901611 A EP90901611 A EP 90901611A EP 0454703 A1 EP0454703 A1 EP 0454703A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- bundle
- contact
- carbon fibres
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3684—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
- B29C65/3696—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic with a coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
- B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
- B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
- B29C65/3616—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2071/00—Use of polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2079/00—Use of polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, not provided for in groups B29K2061/00 - B29K2077/00, as moulding material
- B29K2079/08—PI, i.e. polyimides or derivatives thereof
- B29K2079/085—Thermoplastic polyimides, e.g. polyesterimides, PEI, i.e. polyetherimides, or polyamideimides; Derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2081/00—Use of polymers having sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
- B29K2081/06—PSU, i.e. polysulfones; PES, i.e. polyethersulfones or derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
Definitions
- This invention relates to the joining of plastics materials by the use of inductive heating to effect melt ⁇ ing, fusing, bonding or welding of the materials at a contact between parts to be joined.
- thermopl stics for example polyethe ' r ether ketone (PEEK), polyether sulphone (PES) and polyamide i ide
- PEEK polyethe ' r ether ketone
- PES polyether sulphone
- polyamide i ide polyamide i ide
- thermoplastics as used herein * is taken to include thermosetting thermoplastic materials which exhibit thermoplastic characteristics up to a threshold temperature and thereafter exhibit thermosetting properties.
- thermosetting thermoplastic materials which exhibit thermoplastic characteristics up to a threshold temperature and thereafter exhibit thermosetting properties.
- a polyamide imide known by the trade mark "Torlon”.
- wires have been implanted in the plastics materials in the vicinity of the region to be melted. Whilst reasonable joints can be formed in this way, the use of wires is a severe disadvantage because the wires add parasitic weight, can cause corrosion, impair the safety of the component, for example by protruding through the component, can affect the electrical screening, of the component, and can cause problems due to altering the physical characteristics, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion, of the joint compared to the rest of the component.
- An object of the present invention is to use carbon fibres as an inductively heated source of heat.
- the joining method is characterised by the steps of providing in the vicinity of the contact, a layer comprising multidirectional discontinuous carbon fibres in the presence of thermoplastics material, at least some of the carbon fibres being oriented to provide resis ⁇ tive conducting paths for the flow of eddy currents, and electrically inducing eddy currents in the layer thereby to heat the thermoplastics material and* cause it to fuse at the contact and form a join between the two parts.
- the invention as claimed thus provides a method of joining plastics materials, and in particular joining reinforced plastics materials, by inductively heating a combination of carbon fibres and thermoplastics material, e.g. a bundle thereof.
- the bundle of carbon fibres comprises discontinuous fibres which preferably are twisted yarns.
- the bundle of carbon fibres comprises discontinuous carbon fibres co-mingled with thermoplastics fibres.
- the co-mingling of carbon fibres and thermoplastics fibres is achieved by stretch-breaking a tow of carbon fibres and thermoplastics fibres.
- the method of the invention enables one to achieve an acceptable join by inductively heating the multidirectional discontinuous carbon fibres by means of an electrical induction coi 1.
- Figure 1 shows schematically, one embodiment of equipment used for joining two laminated composite plastics materials in accordance with the method of this invention
- Figures 2 to 4 are graphs showing the results of bond strength tests on laminates joined on the equipment of Figure 1
- Figure 5 illustrates how the equipment of Figure 1 can be used for bonding two alternative plastics materials together in accordance with the method of the invention.
- composite materials 10 and 11 to be joined each comprise a mul i-layered core 12 flanked oy two skins 13, 14.
- Each core comprises a plurality of layers of continuous carbon fibre reinforced PEEK iden ⁇ tified herein as "material X".
- the fibres in each layer of the core are parallel to each other (but need no ⁇ , be) but layers can be assembled so that all fibres in the core are parallel or so that the fibres in the core are multidirec ⁇ tional .
- a number of laminates were constructed in which the skins 13, 14 were made of a stretch-oroken blended fibre yarn of carbon and PEEK fibres.
- This yarn is manufactured by Heltra Limited, a Courtaulds company and sold under their U.K. registered trade mark "Filmix”.
- the "Filmix” yarn was fabricated into various materials having different structural forms, namely a woven fabric, a braid, knitted fabrics, or tied multidirectional matting.
- the "Filmix” materials comprised approximately 55 per cent by volume of carbon fibres and had as an essential feature the fact that the carbon fibres were multidirectional and discon ⁇ tinuous. Further the PEEK fibres were intimately inter ⁇ mingled with the carbon fibres in the "Filmix” yarn.
- F-fabric - fabric made from "Filmix” yarn.
- F-braid - braid made from "Filmix yarn.
- the laminates L1 to L12 were manufactured as follows The various layers were stacked and sandwiched between two stainless steel sheets, each of which was pre-coated with a release agent. The layers were then pressed to a thickness of about 1 mm between pre-heated platens for a " period of 10 minutes. The platens were then quickl.y cooled and the hardened laminate so produced removed from between the stainless steel sheets.
- Samples measuring 100 mm x 25 mm by 1 mm thick we ' re removed from the laminates L1 to L3 and L5 to L10 such that in each case the unidirectional fibres in the cere were aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample.
- Samples removed from L4 and L5 were oriented such that t*.e first layer cf material X in each was oriented parallel to the sample longitudinal axis.
- Those cut from L11 were oriented such that the major fibre direction was parallel to the sample longitudinal axis.
- Those removed from L12 were oriented such that the warp or weft ibres ran paral ⁇ lel to the sample longitudinal axis.
- Pairs of identical samples removed as described above were then joined together in accordance with the method of the present invention by forming a single lap joint as shown in Figure 1.
- the sur ⁇ faces forming the contact of the proposed joint between the two parts were degreased using a grease solvent (e.g. Propan-2-ol ) .
- the overlap at the joint contact was 12.5 mm.
- the overlapping samples of materials 10 and 11 were joined using an induction welding machine 15.
- the specific machine used was a Stanelco 1000 Watt, 2.5 MHz unit with a flat coiled (pancake coil) induction coil 16.
- the induction coil 15 was coiled in a common plane to form a substantially square shape, when viewed in plan, measur ⁇ ing 25 mm x 25 mm.
- the alternating magnetic field produced by the induction coil 16 induced eddy currents in the carbon fibre reinforcement in the skins 13, 14.
- Two power settings namely 70 per cent and 80 per cent were used for laminates L1 , L2 and L3 and two different weld times at each power setting were used.
- 100 per cent power was applied for 240 seconds.
- Samples of laminate L5 were welded with a 30 second exposure at 80 per cent power.
- Samples from lamin ⁇ ates L7, L8 and L9 were heated using SO per cent power applied for approximately 60 seconds.
- induction heating can be used to weld carbon fibre reinforced PEEK composite materials and give bond strength of the order of 50 MPa providing that the multidirectional electrically conductive fibres are present at the interface to be joined. This compares with a bond strength of about 15 to 25 MPa obtained when using epoxy adhesives to join the parts together.
- An important feature of the present invention is that laminates with un directional fibres are difficult if not impossible to join using the induction heating process. In fact such laminates were unable to be joined successfully.
- FIG. 5 a further embodiment of the invention is illustrated.
- This embodiment differs from that described above with reference to Figure 1 in that the samples 10 and 11 are slightly different and a bonding insert 20 is employed.
- the apparatus is the same as that described above in respect of Figure 1.
- the samples 10 and 11 do not necessarily comprise laminates which have skins as described above and are thus shown just as single component layers 12A.
- the components to be bonded are electrically non-conductive materials such as plas ⁇ tics, ceramics, or glass, and the bonding insert 20 com- prises one or more layers of multidirectional discontinuous carbon fibres in the presence of a plastics material.
- the preferred material for the insert 20 is the previously discussed yarn sold under the Trade Mark "Filmix” which is fabricated into different structural forms, namely a woven fabric, a braid, knitted fabrics, or multidirectional matting.
- the "Filmix” material may have additional ther ⁇ moplastics coatings or skins applied to it if desired.
- the bonding insert 20 includes multidirectional discontinuous carbon fibres which act as receptors and heaters when located in the field of an electrical induction coil.
- the material for the bonding insert 20 could be produced as a long length which is cut into discrete lengths as required for insertion between the components to be bonded.
- An essential feature of the present invention is the use of a layer of multidirectionally oriented discontinuous carbon fibres at or near the surface of the plastics materials to be joined.
- the bundles of discontinuous carbon fibres produce a layer which is more "lossy" than that produced from continuous fibres because the resistivity along the length of a bundle of discontinuous fibres is greater than that for continuous fibres. Furthermore hairiness of the bundle (due to broken ends projecting from the bundle) may contribute by providing resistive conduction paths which enable a better circulation of eddy currents in the layer and between various adjacent layers.
- the regions where the warp yarns cross the weft yarns form conductive paths (or capacitive cou ⁇ plings) that create small "cells" around which the eddy currents flow.
- the inventor believes that the use of twisted tows of discontinuous carbon fibres to make yarn is advantageous because it may bring about preferred orienta ⁇ tion of the fibres in directions which improve contact between yarns and also improve the formation of circulating eddy currents in the plane of each layer.
Abstract
On décrit une méthode d'assemblage de matériaux plastiques par la formation d'un contact entre deux pièces (10, 11) à assembler, l'insertion d'une bobine d'induction électrique (16) adjacente au point de contact et le chauffage par induction électrique des pièces à proximité du point de contact. Une couche comprenant des fibres de carbone discontinues multidirectionnelles en présence du matériau thermoplastique se trouve à proximité du point de contact, au moins quelques fibres de carbone étant orientées de façon à fournir des voies de conduction résistives au passage de courants parasites. Des courants parasites d'induction électrique dans la couche (par l'intermédiaire de la bobine (16)) chauffent le matériau plastique et provoque sa fusion à l'endroit du contact et la formation d'une liaison entre les deux parties (10, 11).A method of assembling plastic materials is described by the formation of a contact between two parts (10, 11) to be assembled, the insertion of an electrical induction coil (16) adjacent to the point of contact and the heating. by electrical induction of the parts near the point of contact. A layer comprising multidirectional discontinuous carbon fibers in the presence of the thermoplastic material is located near the point of contact, at least a few carbon fibers being oriented so as to provide conduction paths that are resistive to the passage of parasitic currents. Parasitic electric induction currents in the layer (via the coil (16)) heat the plastic material and cause it to melt at the point of contact and the formation of a bond between the two parts (10, 11).
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8900518 | 1989-01-10 | ||
GB898900519A GB8900519D0 (en) | 1989-01-10 | 1989-01-10 | Bonding of materials |
GB8900519 | 1989-01-10 | ||
GB898900518A GB8900518D0 (en) | 1989-01-10 | 1989-01-10 | Joining of composite material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0454703A1 true EP0454703A1 (en) | 1991-11-06 |
Family
ID=26294819
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90901611A Withdrawn EP0454703A1 (en) | 1989-01-10 | 1990-01-10 | Joining of composite materials |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0454703A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH04504386A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4825890A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1990008027A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5248864A (en) * | 1991-07-30 | 1993-09-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for induction heating of composite materials |
WO1995017452A1 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-06-29 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for bonding polymeric articles |
DE102006040049B4 (en) * | 2006-08-26 | 2009-12-17 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Method and apparatus for preforming carbon fiber semi-finished products for the manufacture of fiber composite components |
JP4289426B2 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Manufacturing method of fused body |
JP5622929B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-11-12 | 帝人株式会社 | Manufacturing method of joined body |
WO2016029095A1 (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-02-25 | A&P Technology, Inc. | Braided structure with electrically conductive tows |
NL2017866B1 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-06-01 | Univ Delft Tech | Edge effect weakening by means of bypass-conductor during induction welding process |
JP2019108460A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-07-04 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | Adhesive sheet for electromagnetic induction heating, and bonded structure and manufacturing method of the same |
GB201807144D0 (en) | 2018-05-01 | 2018-06-13 | Rolls Royce Plc | Polymer matrix composite repair |
IT201800020521A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-20 | Leonardo Spa | COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND RELATIVE METHOD OF IMPLEMENTATION |
FR3099405A1 (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-02-05 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) | A method of assembling at least two parts of thermoplastic composite material comprising unidirectional fibers and assembling at least two parts thus obtained |
GB201916362D0 (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2019-12-25 | Ge Oil & Gas Uk Ltd | Splicing method and apparatus |
EP4000876A4 (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-11-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Fusion device and fusion method |
NL2029435B1 (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-05-16 | Kok & Van Engelen Composite Structures B V | Method for electromagnetic welding of molded parts and a heat sink for use in such method |
US11865791B2 (en) | 2021-12-30 | 2024-01-09 | Rohr, Inc. | Induction welding with an electromagnetic field concentrator |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1232040B (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1967-01-05 | Eltro Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of hulls |
US4707402A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-11-17 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Formation of laminated structures by selective dielectric heating of bonding film |
JPS63120786A (en) * | 1986-11-08 | 1988-05-25 | Michie Miyamoto | Method of executing bonding, crosslinkable resin composite used for said method and bonding device |
IT1196848B (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1988-11-25 | Fiat Auto Spa | PROCEDURE FOR JOINING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS WITH THE USE OF FIXING MEDIA OF SYNTHETIC THERMOPLASTIC RESIN PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND METHOD OF USE |
GB8704852D0 (en) * | 1987-03-02 | 1987-04-08 | Welding Inst | Bonding thermoplastic layers |
FR2620648B1 (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1990-03-09 | Pascal Roger | ASSEMBLY METHOD BY ADHESIVE USING A RESISTIVE ELEMENT INCORPORATED IN THE ADHESIVE |
JPH06239221A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1994-08-30 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Liquid pressure supply device |
-
1990
- 1990-01-10 WO PCT/GB1990/000034 patent/WO1990008027A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-01-10 JP JP2501789A patent/JPH04504386A/en active Pending
- 1990-01-10 AU AU48258/90A patent/AU4825890A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-01-10 EP EP90901611A patent/EP0454703A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9008027A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1990008027A1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
JPH04504386A (en) | 1992-08-06 |
AU4825890A (en) | 1990-08-13 |
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