EP0451619B1 - Method of manufacturing a composite polygonal panel for floors, panel made according to this method and a floor made from such panels - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a composite polygonal panel for floors, panel made according to this method and a floor made from such panels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0451619B1
EP0451619B1 EP91104843A EP91104843A EP0451619B1 EP 0451619 B1 EP0451619 B1 EP 0451619B1 EP 91104843 A EP91104843 A EP 91104843A EP 91104843 A EP91104843 A EP 91104843A EP 0451619 B1 EP0451619 B1 EP 0451619B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall elements
trough
panel
mineral
component
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EP91104843A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0451619A1 (en
Inventor
Sebald Dipl.-Ing. Pallhorn
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Pallhorn Sebald
Goldbach GmbH Holz Kunststoff und Metallverarbeitung
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Pallhorn Sebald
Goldbach GmbH Holz Kunststoff und Metallverarbeitung
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/40Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels
    • E04C2/405Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels composed of two or more hingedly connected parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a polygonal composite panel for raised or hollow floors arranged on supports according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Composite panels of this type are used in large quantities for floors, under which there is a cavity in which lines of all types are laid.
  • the individual slabs which are also referred to as “raised slabs", are laid in a regular grid dimension, the slabs being to be laid close to one another and the slabs also having to be secured against transverse displacement.
  • a main area of application for such panels is flooring in office rooms, in particular those in which data processing devices are located.
  • the various office facilities require a large number of lines, which are "hidden” under the raised floor slabs and can be led out directly under the connection point through the floor.
  • other supply lines can also be laid in the cavities, as can so-called underfloor heating systems.
  • Such panels have to meet a whole range of requirements: they have to be insensitive to impact and shock, punctiform and rolling heavy loads and to a large extent also resistant to high temperatures, with fire protection being the primary consideration here.
  • the plates must also be covered with a floor covering, either with a suitable plastic plate or with plates that form a so-called carpet.
  • DE-AS 23 07 815 discloses a method of the type specified at the outset and a floor slab produced by the method: in a profiled trough referred to as formwork, which can consist of metal as well as plastic or of a mineral or fiber material, a curable, originally mushy or viscous, preferably mineral mass is poured in and smoothed out.
  • the tub or bowl As far as the tub or bowl is made of metal, it has the disadvantage of undesirable good heat conduction and a different coefficient of expansion compared to the filled and hardened mineral mass. Furthermore, the complicated shape of the shell base with a concave curvature and cross-shaped depressions makes it necessary for the shell to be deep-drawn. This requires expensive deep-drawing tools, as well as the production and storage of different deep-drawing tools for different plate sizes.
  • the shell is made of plastic, mineral or fiber material, this also makes a mold, at least one casting mold or compression mold necessary, because the specified gluing of individual parts would be an extraordinarily labor-intensive process with the complicated shape, which is already eliminated from practical considerations .
  • a plate formed by folding is known, which should be as thin or flat as possible and should preferably be used as a decorative wall covering surface. Plywood is again indicated as a possible material for this. If the plate contains a cavity, this should be for Purposes of air pockets can be divided into individual sub-chambers by a spacer grille or spacer strips.
  • EP 0 295 417 A2 discloses a further double floor slab according to the generic term, which consists of an external reinforcement made of tensile material and a filling made of pressure-resistant material.
  • a tub made of sheet steel should be provided with a filling made of concrete or anhydrite.
  • the tub should be provided in the edge area with special stiffening elements, for example with inwardly folded wall parts or welded profile rails, in order to achieve the required strength, or the edge strength of the filling compound should be increased.
  • the production of a flat, firm connection between the tub and the filling compound is not disclosed.
  • the punches provided in the side walls cannot guarantee a flat connection.
  • the production is also very expensive.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method of the type described at the outset, which can be used in mass production, is based on simple to manufacture preliminary products and, even in the case of the production of such plates in different dimensions, does not require the storage of different molding tools for the shell or Tub required.
  • the composite panel is said to be considerably heat-resistant.
  • the flat plate according to feature a) is a preliminary product which, apart from the thickness and at least two layers, is not subject to any dimensioning regulations.
  • the tensile rigid component can consist of one of the numerous known curable mineral materials, such as gypsum, concrete, anhydrite and the like.
  • the tensile strength of such mineral materials can be achieved by fibrous or textile fillers, for example by glass or other mineral fibers, metal fibers, etc. With concessions to heat resistance, organic fibers or fabric inserts can also be used.
  • Laminates made of non-woven fabrics and fabric webs with mineral binders and chipboards with organic and inorganic binders such as cement and gypsum bindings can also be used.
  • the thickness should be at least 4 mm.
  • thin, soft metal foils are preferably used, for example aluminum foils, which not only have high corrosion resistance, but can also be folded with sharp edges without the risk of breakage.
  • aluminum foils which not only have high corrosion resistance, but can also be folded with sharp edges without the risk of breakage.
  • the foldable component can also be made from a plastic film with and without glass fleece reinforcement as well as coated glass and textile fabric.
  • the opening angle of the V-shaped notches is "approximately 90 degrees" is intended to express that, for example, the side walls of the tub need not be at an angle of 90 degrees to the floor area.
  • the outer surfaces of the side walls it is customary to arrange the outer surfaces of the side walls at an angle of between approximately 2 and 5 degrees to the normal direction on the composite panel delimited by plane-parallel surfaces. It goes without saying that the angle of the notches takes this special feature into account.
  • the unfolding of the individual wall elements according to feature d) is an extremely simple measure to carry out because it is foldable, flexible
  • the outer layer forms the hinges for the unfolding process.
  • the composite panel produced according to the invention is at least flame retardant and has an advantageous poor thermal conductivity.
  • the heat conduction observed when using metal trays does not take place from the underside of the plate to the top of the plate, on which a less heat-resistant material may be located.
  • the "rigid, non-metallic component" for the manufacture of the tub need not be a purely mineral component. It has already been stated above that organic fillers and binders can also be used. However, gypsum fiber boards, cement-bound or gypsum-bonded particle boards or similar material are preferred.
  • the rigid non-metallic component of the plate is provided with openings before it is combined with the flexible component, which openings are closed again on the outside by the combination with the flexible component.
  • the casting compound penetrates into the said openings, it being possible for ventilation of the cavities to be ensured by means of an optionally provided perforation.
  • the subsequent reclosing of the openings with the flexible component prevents the casting compound from escaping through said openings and possibly having to be smoothed out again.
  • the production of the composite panel according to the invention can be carried out in a manufacturing plant, whereupon the finished composite panels are then transported to a construction site and laid there.
  • the composite panels can also be taken up again individually. It is particularly useful to do this before laying the tubs to be provided with the necessary support elements, which are preferably height adjustable. In the latter case, the height adjustment is expediently carried out through the tub cavity.
  • the underside and the side walls of the tubs are not provided with openings in order to prevent the casting compound from flowing out.
  • the outer wall elements are expediently provided with particularly large openings in order to achieve as complete a filling of the tubs as possible.
  • the invention also relates to a polygonal composite panel for raised or hollow floors arranged on supports according to the preamble of patent claim 7.
  • Such a polygonal composite panel is in accordance with the invention to achieve essentially the same object characterized by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 7.
  • a composite panel 1 which has a square plan.
  • the plates can also be rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal.
  • the plate consists of a trough 2 arranged in the tensile stress area and made of a tensile material, which has a bottom area 3, inner wall elements 4 and outer wall elements 5.
  • inner and outer wall elements relates to their relative position within the blank shown in FIG. 2. To be more precise, it is essentially the Floor area 3 in the so-called tension area of the composite panel.
  • the blank 8 according to FIG. 2 was produced from a plate-shaped primary material, which consists of a tensile, rigid, non-metallic component 9 and a foldable, flexible component 10.
  • component 9 consists of plasterboard with glass fiber inlays.
  • the opening angle of the notches 6 and 7 is about 90 degrees, with deviations due to the later inclination of the inner wall elements 4.
  • the apex lines 6a and 7a of the notches 6 and 7 lie in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the uninterrupted flexible component 10, so that the apex lines 6a and 7a form the fold lines when the tray 2 shown in FIG. 1 is unfolded. In the final state, the fold lines form the lower and upper edges 11 and 12 of the composite panel 1.
  • the tub 2 has two fold-out wall elements 4 and 5 on each side of the circumference of its bottom region 3, the notches 6 and 7 being made in such a way that two are formed when the tub is formed Folding operations made can be.
  • the inner wall elements 4 are folded up by a little less than 90 degrees, and subsequently the outer wall elements 5 are folded around by a second folding process until they run parallel to the base region 3. This state is shown in Figure 1.
  • the inwardly directed end edges 13 of the outer wall elements form a polygonal opening which is used to introduce a hardenable casting compound 14.
  • the mineral component of the plate-shaped primary material is provided at least in the bottom area 3 with openings 15, which are also filled when poured through the casting compound 14, so that the casting compound 14 forms an intimate connection with the tub 2.
  • at least the outer wall elements 5 are also provided with openings 16, which, however, are not visible in the final state according to FIG. 1, because in this position they are covered by the flexible component 10 (dashed line).
  • the notches 6 and 7 respectively provided in pairs or their apex lines 6a and 7a each have the same distance from one another. So that the corners of the outer wall elements 5 do not interfere with each other, they are bevelled accordingly at their corners so that they abut on miter joints 17.
  • FIG. 1 also shows that a circumferential gap 18 is formed between the base region 3 and the outer wall elements 5 running parallel thereto, which is also filled by the cast material.
  • a composite panel produced in this way has a high strength against an impact or impact applied from above and against rolling movements of heavy objects.
  • the composite panel has a very low thermal conductivity, so that in the event of a fire, high temperatures occurring on one side of the composite panel cannot be transferred to the opposite side of the composite panel for a short time. If the flexible component is made of a metal foil or a thin sheet there is a simple way to discharge electrostatic charges by appropriately trained supports.
  • Such composite panels are usually placed in the area of their corners on supports which are preferably adjustable in height. With the exception of room corners and near walls, four corners meet each other in the area of a column if the panels are square or rectangular. Each corner then covers a quadrant of the column. However, it is also possible to provide a single support in the area of each corner of the composite panel. The result of this is that the composite panel is subjected to bending stress upon loading, the tensile forces being absorbed essentially by the base region 3 of the trough 2.
  • the originally outer wall elements 5 lie with their upper side in the upper surface of the finished composite panel and thus in the compressive stress range. This is also advantageous because it creates a high compressive strength. Finally, the part of the flexible component lying in the upper surface is particularly well suited for adhesive bonding with a surface covering, so that the risk of this surface covering becoming detached is considerably reduced.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of the object according to FIG. 1:
  • a grid frame 19 is embedded in the casting compound 14, the details of which are explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 5:
  • the lattice frame 19 consists of two rectangular or square congruent frame parts 20 and 21, the individual profile parts of which are L-shaped in cross section.
  • the one leg of each frame part lies in one plane, and the other legs run perpendicular to it.
  • a circumferential gap 23 is present between the legs 20a and 21a of both frame parts lying in one plane, in FIG to which a mesh 22 made of steel wire is fixed, for example by spot welding.
  • the two other legs 20b and 21b are directed away from each other, and their outer sides lie in four common planes which are perpendicular to the plane in which the mesh 22 is located.
  • the legs 20b pointing upwards in the position of use have a greater leg length than the legs 21b below. It is thereby achieved that the mesh in the position of use has a greater distance from the top of the casting compound 14 than from the bottom thereof, which has a common interface with the bottom region 13 of the trough 2. It is important that the mesh 22 is in the tension area of the composite panel. As a result, and in particular through the frame parts 20 and 21, the strength of the composite panel is increased significantly.
  • the mesh 22 can, as shown in Figure 5, consist of a steel wire fabric. However, perforated sheets, expanded metal or simply crossing bars can replace it. It is only important that those volumes of the casting compound 14 which are above and below the mesh are inseparably connected to one another through the mesh. In addition, it is of course necessary that the casting compound can pass through the mesh as freely as possible, regardless of whether the casting compound is filled through the polygonal opening of the top of the tub or through an opening in the bottom region 3 of the tub 2. It can it may be appropriate to fix the lattice frame 19 against the tub 2 before pouring the casting compound.
  • Figure 4 also shows that the special manufacturing process of the tub by folding leads to the additional advantage that a lattice frame of relatively large horizontal dimensions can be accommodated in a tub which has a relatively small filling opening for the casting compound. Nevertheless, it is possible - if necessary using special spacers - to embed the reinforcement in the casting compound in such a way that it is surrounded on all sides by the casting material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

In the manufacture of a composite polygonal panel (1) for floors, first of all a flat blank is produced from a laminated sheet, which comprises a tension-resistant rigid component (9) and a flexible component (10). The flexible component forms a foldable outer layer. This blank is provided within the rigid component at the points of the intended edges (11, 12) of the composite panel with in each case straight V-shaped notches, which have an included angle of about 90 DEG , delimit a base area (3) and several wall areas (4, 5) from one another and extend from the side facing away from the foldable outer layer. The vortex of the notches lies in the direct proximity of the uninterrupted foldable outer layer. Thereafter, the wall elements (4, 5) are folded up around the vortex lines to form a tray (2), which is filled with a curable casting compound (14). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer polygonalen Verbundplatte für auf Stützen angeordnete Doppel- oder Hohlböden nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for producing a polygonal composite panel for raised or hollow floors arranged on supports according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Derartige Verbundplatten werden in großen Stückzahlen für Fußböden verwendet, unter denen sich ein Hohlraum befindet, in dem Leitungen aller Art verlegt sind. Die einzelnen Platten, die auch als "aufgeständerte Platten" bezeichnet werden, werden dabei in einem regelmäßigen Rastermaß verlegt, wobei die Platten dicht nebeneinander verlegt werden sollen und die Platten auch gegen eine Querverschiebung gesichert sein müssen.Composite panels of this type are used in large quantities for floors, under which there is a cavity in which lines of all types are laid. The individual slabs, which are also referred to as "raised slabs", are laid in a regular grid dimension, the slabs being to be laid close to one another and the slabs also having to be secured against transverse displacement.

Ein Hauptanwendungsgebiet derartiger Platten sind Fußböden von Büroräumen, insbesondere von solchen, in denen sich Datenverarbeitungseinrichtungen befinden. Die verschiedenen Büroeinrichtungen bedingen eine große Zahl von Leitungen, die unter den aufgeständerten Fußbodenplatten "versteckt" verlegt und unmittelbar unter der Anschlußstelle durch den Fußboden herausgeführt werden können. In den Hohlräumen können aber außerdem auch noch andere Versorgungsleitungen verlegt sein, desgleichen auch sogenannte Fußbodenheizungen.A main area of application for such panels is flooring in office rooms, in particular those in which data processing devices are located. The various office facilities require a large number of lines, which are "hidden" under the raised floor slabs and can be led out directly under the connection point through the floor. However, other supply lines can also be laid in the cavities, as can so-called underfloor heating systems.

Derartige Platten müssen einer ganzen Reihe von Anforderungen gerecht werden: Sie müssen unempfindlich gegen Schlag und Stoß, gegen punktförmige und rollende schwere Lasten sowie in hohem Maße auch beständig gegen hohe Temperaturen sein, wobei hier vornehmlich an einen Brandschutz gedacht ist. Die Platten müssen außerdem noch mit einem Bodenbelag beklebbar sein, sei es mit einer entsprechenden Kunststoffplatte, sei es mit Platten, die einen sogenannten Teppichboden bilden.Such panels have to meet a whole range of requirements: they have to be insensitive to impact and shock, punctiform and rolling heavy loads and to a large extent also resistant to high temperatures, with fire protection being the primary consideration here. The plates must also be covered with a floor covering, either with a suitable plastic plate or with plates that form a so-called carpet.

Durch die DE-AS 23 07 815 sind ein Verfahren der eingangs angegebenen Gattung sowie eine durch das Verfahren hergestellte Fußbodenplatte bekannt: In eine als Schalung bezeichnete profilierte Wanne, die sowohl aus Metall als auch aus Kunststoff oder aus einem Mineral- oder Faserwerkstoff bestehen kann, wird eine aushärtbare, ursprünglich breiige oder zähflüssige, vorzugsweise mineralische Masse eingefüllt und glatt gestrichen.DE-AS 23 07 815 discloses a method of the type specified at the outset and a floor slab produced by the method: in a profiled trough referred to as formwork, which can consist of metal as well as plastic or of a mineral or fiber material, a curable, originally mushy or viscous, preferably mineral mass is poured in and smoothed out.

Soweit die Wanne oder Schale aus Metall besteht, hat sie den Nachteil einer unerwünschten guten Wärmeleitung und eines unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten gegenüber der eingefüllten und erhärteten mineralischen Masse. Weiterhin macht es die komplizierte Form des Schalenbodens mit einer konkaven Wölbung und kreuzweise angeordneten Vertiefungen erforderlich, daß die Schale tiefgezogen wird. Dies erfordert teure Tiefziehwerkzeuge, desgleichen die Anfertigung und Vorratshaltung unterschiedlicher Tiefziehwerkzeuge für unterschiedliche Plattengrößen.As far as the tub or bowl is made of metal, it has the disadvantage of undesirable good heat conduction and a different coefficient of expansion compared to the filled and hardened mineral mass. Furthermore, the complicated shape of the shell base with a concave curvature and cross-shaped depressions makes it necessary for the shell to be deep-drawn. This requires expensive deep-drawing tools, as well as the production and storage of different deep-drawing tools for different plate sizes.

Soweit die Herstellung der Schale aus Kunststoff, Mineral- oder Faserwerkstoff erfolgt, macht dies gleichfalls ein Formwerkzeug, mindestens eine Gießform oder Preßform erforderlich, denn das gleichfalls angegebene Verkleben von Einzelteilen wäre bei der komplizierten Form ein außerordentlich arbeitsintensiver Vorgang, der bereits aus praktischen Erwägungen ausscheidet.As far as the shell is made of plastic, mineral or fiber material, this also makes a mold, at least one casting mold or compression mold necessary, because the specified gluing of individual parts would be an extraordinarily labor-intensive process with the complicated shape, which is already eliminated from practical considerations .

Auch das angesprochene "Aufbiegen der Ränder" ist nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen möglich, nämlich dann, wenn der Bodenbereich bereits durch einen Formungsvorgang profiliert worden ist und die Schale entweder aus einem biegsamen Metall besteht oder sich noch in einem plastisch verformbaren Zustand befindet, was bei Kunststoffen durch die Wahl entsprechender Verarbeitungstemperaturen möglich ist, bei mineralischen Stoffen aber nur solange, wie sich das Material der Schale noch in einem formbaren Zustand befindet.Also the mentioned "bending of the edges" is only possible under certain conditions, namely, if the floor area has already been profiled by a molding process and the shell is either made of a flexible metal or is still in a plastically deformable state, which is possible for plastics by choosing the appropriate processing temperatures, but only as long as this is possible with mineral materials Shell material is still in a malleable condition.

Durch die US-A-2 756 463 ist eine Leichtbauplatte bekannt, die zumindest weitgehend feuerbeständig sein soll, dabei aber ein kleinstmögliches Gewicht haben soll. Dies geschieht durch eine Füllung mit mineralischen Fasern, die Luft einschließen, wodurch im Falle eines Brandes ein steiler Temperaturgradient erzeugt würde. Durch die fehlende Wärmekapazität würde sich die dem Feuer zugekehrte Wand noch stärker aufheizen, die aus Sperrholz besteht und daher rasch verkohlen würde. Hieran ändert auch der mögliche Einbau einer Metallschicht nur wenig. Die Füllung mit mineralischen Fasern trägt auch nichts zur Festigkeitssteigerung bei, wie sie für eine freitragende Verwendung bei Doppel- oder Hohlböden erforderlich ist, die gewissermaßen eine Brückenfunktion haben. Eine solche Verwendung ist aber nicht offenbart.From US-A-2 756 463 a lightweight building board is known which is said to be at least largely fire-resistant, but should have the lowest possible weight. This is done by filling with mineral fibers that trap air, which would create a steep temperature gradient in the event of a fire. Due to the lack of heat capacity, the wall facing the fire, which is made of plywood, would heat up even more. The possible installation of a metal layer changes this only slightly. The filling with mineral fibers also does nothing to increase the strength, as is required for self-supporting use in double or hollow floors, which have a bridge function to a certain extent. However, such use is not disclosed.

Durch die US-A- 3 654 053 ist eine durch Faltung gebildete Platte bekannt, die möglichst dünn bzw. flach ausgebildet sein und bevorzugt als dekorative Wandverkleidungsfläche verwendet werden soll. Als ein möglicher Werkstoff hierfür ist wiederum Sperrholz angegeben. Sofern die Platte einen Hohlraum enthält, soll dieser zum Zwecke von Lufteinschlüssen teilweise durch ein Abstandsgitter oder Abstandsleisten in einzelne Teilkammern unterteilt sein.From US-A-3 654 053 a plate formed by folding is known, which should be as thin or flat as possible and should preferably be used as a decorative wall covering surface. Plywood is again indicated as a possible material for this. If the plate contains a cavity, this should be for Purposes of air pockets can be divided into individual sub-chambers by a spacer grille or spacer strips.

Durch die EP 0 295 417 A2 ist eine weitere Doppelbodenplatte gemäß dem Gattungsbegriff bekannt, die aus einer äußeren Bewehrung aus zugfestem Material und einer Füllung aus druckfestem Material besteht. Bevorzugt soll eine aus Stahlblech bestehende Wanne mit einer Füllung aus Beton oder Anhydrit versehen werden. Die Wanne soll im Randbereich mit besonderen Versteifungselementen, beispielsweise mit einwärts gefalzten Wandteilen oder angeschweißten Profilschienen versehen werden, um die geforderte Festigkeit zu erzielen, oder es soll die Randfestigkeit der Füllmasse erhöht werden. Die Herstellung einer flächigen, festen Verbindung zwischen Wanne und Füllmasse ist nicht offenbart. Die in den Seitenwänden vorgesehenen Punzen können eine flächige Verbindung nicht gewährleisten. Die Herstellung ist außerdem sehr kostenintensiv.EP 0 295 417 A2 discloses a further double floor slab according to the generic term, which consists of an external reinforcement made of tensile material and a filling made of pressure-resistant material. Preferably, a tub made of sheet steel should be provided with a filling made of concrete or anhydrite. The tub should be provided in the edge area with special stiffening elements, for example with inwardly folded wall parts or welded profile rails, in order to achieve the required strength, or the edge strength of the filling compound should be increased. The production of a flat, firm connection between the tub and the filling compound is not disclosed. The punches provided in the side walls cannot guarantee a flat connection. The production is also very expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Gattung anzugeben, das in der Massenproduktion angewendet werden kann, von einfach herzustellenden Vorprodukten ausgeht und auch für den Fall der Herstellung solcher Platten in unterschiedlichen Abmessungen nicht die Vorratshaltung unterschiedlicher Formwerkzeuge für die Schale bzw. Wanne erforderlich macht. Außerdem soll die Verbundplatte in beträchtlichem Maße hitzebeständig sein.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method of the type described at the outset, which can be used in mass production, is based on simple to manufacture preliminary products and, even in the case of the production of such plates in different dimensions, does not require the storage of different molding tools for the shell or Tub required. In addition, the composite panel is said to be considerably heat-resistant.

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe erfolgt bei dem eingangs beschriebenen Verfahren erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1.In the method described at the outset, the object is achieved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Bei der ebenen Platte nach Merkmal a) handelt es sich um ein Vorprodukt, das außer der Dicke und einer mindestens zweischichtigen Ausbildung keinerlei Dimensionierungsvorschriften unterliegt. Die zugfeste biegesteife Komponente kann dabei aus einer der zahlreichen bekannten aushärtbaren mineralischen Massen bestehen, wie beispielsweise aus Gips, Beton, Anhydrit und dergleichen mehr. Die Zugfestigkeit kann bei derartigen mineralischen Stoffen durch fasrige oder textile Füllstoffe erzielt werden, beispielsweise durch Glas- oder andere Mineralfasern, Metallfasern etc. Bei Zugeständnissen an die Hitzebeständigkeit können auch organische Fasern oder Gewebeeinlagen verwendet werden. Auch Laminate aus Faservliesen und Gewebebahnen mit mineralischen Bindemitteln und Spanplatten mit organischen und anorganischen Bindemitteln wie Zement- und Gipsbindung kommen als Einsatzmaterial in Frage. Die Dicke sollte dabei mindestens 4 mm betragen.The flat plate according to feature a) is a preliminary product which, apart from the thickness and at least two layers, is not subject to any dimensioning regulations. The tensile rigid component can consist of one of the numerous known curable mineral materials, such as gypsum, concrete, anhydrite and the like. The tensile strength of such mineral materials can be achieved by fibrous or textile fillers, for example by glass or other mineral fibers, metal fibers, etc. With concessions to heat resistance, organic fibers or fabric inserts can also be used. Laminates made of non-woven fabrics and fabric webs with mineral binders and chipboards with organic and inorganic binders such as cement and gypsum bindings can also be used. The thickness should be at least 4 mm.

Als flexible, faltbare Komponente kommen vorzugsweise dünne, weiche Metall-Folien in Frage, beispielsweise Aluminiumfolien, die nicht nur eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit aufweisen, sondern auch ohne Bruchgefahr scharfkantig faltbar sind. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, die plattenförmige mineralische Komponente mit einer selbstklebenden Bahn aus einer Aluminiumfolie zu vereinigen. Die faltbare Komponente kann aber auch aus einer Kunststoff-Folie mit und ohne Glasvliesarmierung sowie aus beschichtetem Glas- und Textilgewebe bestehen.As a flexible, foldable component, thin, soft metal foils are preferably used, for example aluminum foils, which not only have high corrosion resistance, but can also be folded with sharp edges without the risk of breakage. For example, it is possible to combine the plate-shaped mineral component with a self-adhesive sheet made of aluminum foil. The foldable component can also be made from a plastic film with and without glass fleece reinforcement as well as coated glass and textile fabric.

Sowohl die Herstellung des Zuschnitts nach Merkmal b) als auch die Einkerbung dieses Zuschnitts nach Merkmal c) ist auf computergesteuerten Säge- und Fräsmaschinen möglich, wobei die räumliche Lage der Einkerbungen bzw. Faltlinien und damit der Bearbeitungsweg des hierfür vorgesehenen Werkzeugs programmiert werden kann.Both the production of the blank according to feature b) and the notching of this blank according to feature c) is possible on computer-controlled sawing and milling machines, the spatial position of the notches or folding lines and thus the machining path of the tool provided for this purpose being programmable.

Es ist auf diese Weise möglich, ohne die Vorratshaltung besonderer Werkzeuge eine praktisch unbegrenzte Zahl von Zuschnittgrößen und damit auch von Verbundplatten herzustellen. Die Zuschnitte können extrem raumsparend gestapelt werden, bis sie zur Weiterverarbeitung abgerufen werden.In this way it is possible to produce a practically unlimited number of blank sizes and thus also of composite panels without having to keep special tools in stock. The blanks can be stacked in an extremely space-saving manner until they are called up for further processing.

Die Angabe, daß der Öffnungswinkel der V-förmigen Einkerbungen "etwa 90 Grad" beträgt, soll zum Ausdruck bringen, daß beispielsweise die Seitenwände der Wanne nicht unter einem Winkel von 90 Grad zum Bodenbereich verlaufen müssen. Bei derartigen Verbundplatten ist es nämlich üblich, die Außenflächen der Seitenwände unter einem Winkel zwischen etwa 2 und 5 Grad zur Normalenrichtung auf die von planparallelen Flächen begrenzte Verbundplatte anzuordnen. Es versteht sich, daß der Winkel der Einkerbungen dieser Besonderheit Rechnung trägt.The statement that the opening angle of the V-shaped notches is "approximately 90 degrees" is intended to express that, for example, the side walls of the tub need not be at an angle of 90 degrees to the floor area. In the case of composite panels of this type, it is customary to arrange the outer surfaces of the side walls at an angle of between approximately 2 and 5 degrees to the normal direction on the composite panel delimited by plane-parallel surfaces. It goes without saying that the angle of the notches takes this special feature into account.

Auch das Auffalten der einzelnen Wandelemente nach Merkmal d) ist eine außerordentlich einfach durchzuführende Maßnahme, weil nämlich die faltbare, flexible Außenschicht hierbei gewissermaßen die Scharniere für den Auffaltvorgang bildet. Es ist insbesondere nicht erforderlich, die einzelnen Wandelemente, die über die faltbare Außenschicht mit dem Bodenbereich verbunden sind, in einer bestimmten Raumlage festzuhalten, bis ein etwa eingesetzter Kleber oder dergleichen abgebunden hat.The unfolding of the individual wall elements according to feature d) is an extremely simple measure to carry out because it is foldable, flexible The outer layer forms the hinges for the unfolding process. In particular, it is not necessary to hold the individual wall elements, which are connected to the floor area via the foldable outer layer, in a specific spatial position until any adhesive or the like that has set has set.

Die erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Verbundplatte ist zumindest schwer entflammbar und hat eine vorteilhafte schlechte Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Insbesondere erfolgt nicht die bei Verwendung von Metallwannen zu beobachtende Wärmeleitung von der Plattenunterseite zur Plattenoberseite, auf der sich unter Umständen ein weniger hitzebeständiger Werkstoff befindet.The composite panel produced according to the invention is at least flame retardant and has an advantageous poor thermal conductivity. In particular, the heat conduction observed when using metal trays does not take place from the underside of the plate to the top of the plate, on which a less heat-resistant material may be located.

Die "biegesteife, nichtmetallische Komponente" für die Herstellung der Wanne braucht dabei keineswegs eine rein mineralische Komponente zu sein. Es wurde bereits weiter oben ausgeführt, daß auch organische Füllstoffe und Bindemittel verwendet werden können. In Frage kommen aber vorzugsweise Gipsfaserplatten, zementgebundene oder gipsgebundene Spanplatten oder ähnliches Material.The "rigid, non-metallic component" for the manufacture of the tub need not be a purely mineral component. It has already been stated above that organic fillers and binders can also be used. However, gypsum fiber boards, cement-bound or gypsum-bonded particle boards or similar material are preferred.

Bei Verwendung einer Metallfolie für die faltbare und flexible Außenschicht entsteht der weitere Vorteil, daß auf diese Weise elektrostatische Aufladungen von der Oberseite der Platte her zur Unterseite der Platte abgeleitet werden können.When using a metal foil for the foldable and flexible outer layer there is the further advantage that in this way electrostatic charges can be dissipated from the top of the plate to the underside of the plate.

Bezüglich des Füllmaterials für das Ausfüllen des Hohlraums der Wanne besteht auch hier die Möglichkeit, verstärkende Einlagen einzubetten, beispielsweise Stäbe, Gitter, Streckmetall, wabenförmige Strukturen, Faservliese, Gewebe oder dergleichen. Dadurch kann die Tragfähigkeit derartiger Platten gezielt beeinflußt werden.With regard to the filling material for filling the cavity of the tub, there is also the possibility here to embed reinforcing inserts, for example rods, grids, expanded metal, honeycomb structures, non-woven fabrics, fabrics or the like. As a result, the load-bearing capacity of such plates can be influenced in a targeted manner.

Es ist dabei besonders vorteilhaft, so zu verfahren, daß man

  • a) die Platte auf jeder Seite ihres Umfangs mit zwei auffaltbaren Wandelementen versieht, von denen die zwischen dem Bodenbereich und den äußersten Wandelementen liegenden inneren Wandelemente an ihren Langseiten jeweils von parallelen Einkerbungen begrenzt sind, die für alle inneren Wandelemente gleichen Abstand voneinander haben, und daß man
  • b) die inneren und die äußeren Wandelemente, bezogen auf den vertikalen Querschnitt der fertigen Wanne, auf jeder Seite des Umfangs zweimal um etwa 90 Grad auffaltet, so daß der Bodenbereich und die äußeren Wandelemente parallel zueinander verlaufen, wobei die nach innen gerichteten Endkanten der äußeren Wandelemente eine polygonale Öffnung begrenzen.
It is particularly advantageous to proceed in such a way that
  • a) provides the plate on each side of its circumference with two foldable wall elements, of which the inner wall elements lying between the floor area and the outermost wall elements are each delimited on their long sides by parallel notches which have the same distance from one another for all inner wall elements, and that one
  • b) the inner and outer wall elements, based on the vertical cross section of the finished tub, unfolded twice on each side of the circumference by about 90 degrees, so that the bottom region and the outer wall elements run parallel to one another, the inward end edges of the outer Wall elements limit a polygonal opening.

Ein solches Verfahren ist Gegenstand des weiter unten noch näher erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiels.Such a method is the subject of the exemplary embodiment explained in more detail below.

Es ist dabei weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn man die biegesteife nichtmetallische Komponente der Platte vor ihrer Vereinigung mit der flexiblen Komponente mit Durchbrechungen versieht, die durch die Vereinigung mit der flexiblen Komponente wieder auf der Außenseite verschlossen werden. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine gegenüber Scherkräften äußerst beständige Verzahnung oder Verkrallung zwischen der Wanne und dem in diese eingefüllten Gußwerkstoff. Die Gußmasse dringt hierbei in die besagten Durchbrechungen ein, wobei durch eine gegebenenfalls angebrachte Perforation für eine Entlüftung der Hohlräume Sorge getragen werden kann. Durch das nachträgliche Wiederverschließen der Durchbrechungen mit der flexiblen Komponente, z.B. mit der Aluminiumfolie, wird verhindert, daß die Gußmasse durch die besagten Durchbrechungen austritt und gegebenenfalls wieder glattgestrichen werden muß.It is also advantageous if the rigid non-metallic component of the plate is provided with openings before it is combined with the flexible component, which openings are closed again on the outside by the combination with the flexible component. In this way an opposite arises Shear forces extremely stable interlocking or clawing between the trough and the cast material filled into it. The casting compound penetrates into the said openings, it being possible for ventilation of the cavities to be ensured by means of an optionally provided perforation. The subsequent reclosing of the openings with the flexible component, for example with the aluminum foil, prevents the casting compound from escaping through said openings and possibly having to be smoothed out again.

Die erfindungsgemäße Herstellung der Verbundplatte kann in einem Fabrikationsbetrieb durchgeführt werden, worauf die fertigen Verbundplatten alsdann auf eine Baustelle transportiert und dort verlegt werden.The production of the composite panel according to the invention can be carried out in a manufacturing plant, whereupon the finished composite panels are then transported to a construction site and laid there.

Es ist aber mit besonderem Vorteil möglich, die Vorform der Wanne in flach gelegtem aber faltbarem Zustand auf die Baustelle zu transportieren, dort die Wanne durch Auffalten zu bilden und eine Vielzahl noch ungefüllter Wannen im Rastermaß auf einem Boden auszulegen, vorzugsweise unter Zwischenschaltung höhenverstellbarer Stützelemente, gegebenenfalls die Wannen in eine gleichmäßige Höhenlage zu bringen und anschließend die Hohlräume aller Wannen in situ mit der Gußmasse auszufüllen und die Gußmasse aushärten zu lassen.However, it is particularly advantageous to transport the preform of the tub to the construction site in a flat but foldable state, to form the tub there by unfolding and to lay out a large number of still unfilled tubs on a floor, preferably with the interposition of height-adjustable support elements, If necessary, bring the trays to a uniform height and then fill the cavities of all trays in situ with the casting compound and allow the casting compound to harden.

In einem solchen Falle können die Verbundplatten nachträglich auch einzeln wieder aufgenommen werden. Es ist dabei besonders zweckmäßig, die Wannen vor der Verlegung mit den erforderlichen Stützelementen zu versehen, die vorzugsweise höhenverstellbar sind. In dem zuletzt genannten Fall erfolgt die Höheneinstellung zweckmäßig durch den Wannenhohlraum hindurch.In such a case, the composite panels can also be taken up again individually. It is particularly useful to do this before laying the tubs to be provided with the necessary support elements, which are preferably height adjustable. In the latter case, the height adjustment is expediently carried out through the tub cavity.

Es versteht sich, daß bei einem Ausfüllen der Wannen auf der Baustelle bzw. bei der Verlegung dieser Wannen über einem Hohlraum die Unterseite und die Seitenwände der Wannen nicht mit Durchbrechungen versehen sind, um ein Ausfließen der Gußmasse zu verhindern. Statt dessen werden die äußeren Wandelemente zweckmäßig mit ganz besonders großen Durchbrechungen versehen, um eine möglichst restlose Füllung der Wannen zu erreichen.It goes without saying that when the tubs are filled at the construction site or when these tubs are laid over a cavity, the underside and the side walls of the tubs are not provided with openings in order to prevent the casting compound from flowing out. Instead, the outer wall elements are expediently provided with particularly large openings in order to achieve as complete a filling of the tubs as possible.

Man kann aus entweder vorgefertigten oder in situ hergestellten Verbundplatten auch einen durchgehenden Fußboden erzeugen, dann nämlich, wenn man auf die mit der Gußmasse gefüllten Verbundplatten noch einen über alle Verbundplatten durchgehenden Estrich aufbringt.It is also possible to produce a continuous floor from either prefabricated or in situ manufactured composite panels, namely if a screed that is continuous over all composite panels is applied to the composite panels filled with the casting compound.

Die Füllung der Wannen "in situ" bringt den zusätzlichen Vorteil mit sich, daß die Vorprodukte der Wannen ein verhältnismäßig geringes Gewicht haben, so daß sie leichter zu transportieren und zu verlegen sind.Filling the tubs "in situ" has the additional advantage that the preliminary products of the tubs are relatively light, so that they are easier to transport and to lay.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine polygonale Verbundplatte für auf Stützen angeordnete Doppel- oder Hohlböden nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 7.The invention also relates to a polygonal composite panel for raised or hollow floors arranged on supports according to the preamble of patent claim 7.

Zur Lösung im wesentlichen der gleichen Aufgabe ist eine solche polygonale Verbundplatte erfindungsgemäß gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 7.Such a polygonal composite panel is in accordance with the invention to achieve essentially the same object characterized by the features in the characterizing part of patent claim 7.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes ergeben sich aus den übrigen Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the remaining subclaims.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes wird nachfolgend anhand der Figuren 1 bis 5 näher erläutert.An embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer etwa in der Mitte durchgeschnittenen fertigen Verbundplatte nach der Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine Innenansicht des bereits mit sämtlichen V-förmigen Einkerbungen versehenen Zuschnitts vor dem Auffalten,
Figur 3
einen Teilschnitt durch den Gegenstand von Figur 2 entlang der Linie III-III in vergrößertem Maßstab,
Figur 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht analog Figur 1, jedoch mit einem eingebetteten Gitterrahmen, und
Figur 5
den Gitterrahmen nach Figur 4 vor dem Einbetten.
Show it:
Figure 1
2 shows a perspective view of a finished composite panel according to the invention, cut approximately in the middle,
Figure 2
an interior view of the blank already provided with all the V-shaped notches before unfolding,
Figure 3
3 shows a partial section through the object of FIG. 2 along the line III-III on an enlarged scale,
Figure 4
a perspective view analogous to Figure 1, but with an embedded grid frame, and
Figure 5
the grid frame according to Figure 4 before embedding.

In Figur 1 ist eine Verbundplatte 1 dargestellt, die einen quadratischen Grundriß besitzt. Dieser Grundriß ist jedoch nicht die einzig mögliche Form; vielmehr können die Platten auch rechteckig, sechs- oder achteckig ausgebildet sein. Die Platte besteht aus einer im Zugspannungsbereich angeordneten Wanne 2 aus einem zugfesten Werkstoff, die einen Bodenbereich 3, innere Wandelemente 4 und äußere Wandelemente 5 besitzt. Die Angabe "innere" und "äußere Wandelemente" bezieht sich auf deren relative Lage innerhalb des in Figur 2 dargestellten Zuschnitts. Genauer gesagt, befindet sich im wesentlichen der Bodenbereich 3 im sogenannten Zugspannungsbereich der Verbundplatte.In Figure 1, a composite panel 1 is shown, which has a square plan. However, this layout is not the only possible form; rather, the plates can also be rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal. The plate consists of a trough 2 arranged in the tensile stress area and made of a tensile material, which has a bottom area 3, inner wall elements 4 and outer wall elements 5. The specification “inner” and “outer wall elements” relates to their relative position within the blank shown in FIG. 2. To be more precise, it is essentially the Floor area 3 in the so-called tension area of the composite panel.

Bodenbereich 3 und Wandelemente 4 bzw. 5 sind durch geradlinig verlaufende, V-förmige Einkerbungen 6 und 7 voneinander abgegrenzt, wobei die auf derselben Seite des Bodenbereichs liegenden Einkerbungen 6 und 7 parallel zueinander verlaufen und jeweils ein inneres Wandelement 4 zwischen sich einschließen. Der Zuschnitt 8 nach Figur 2 wurde aus einem plattenförmigen Vormaterial hergestellt, das aus einer zugfesten biegesteifen, nichtmetallischen Komponente 9 und einer faltbaren, flexiblen Komponente 10 besteht. In diesem Fall besteht die Komponente 9 aus Gipskarton mit Glasfasereinlagen.Floor area 3 and wall elements 4 and 5 are delimited from one another by rectilinear, V-shaped notches 6 and 7, the notches 6 and 7 lying on the same side of the floor area running parallel to one another and each enclosing an inner wall element 4 between them. The blank 8 according to FIG. 2 was produced from a plate-shaped primary material, which consists of a tensile, rigid, non-metallic component 9 and a foldable, flexible component 10. In this case, component 9 consists of plasterboard with glass fiber inlays.

Gemäß Figur 3 beträgt der Öffnungswinkel der Einkerbungen 6 und 7 etwa 90 Grad, wobei Abweichungen durch die spätere Schrägstellung der inneren Wandelemente 4 bedingt sind. Die Scheitellinien 6a bzw. 7a der Einkerbungen 6 und 7 liegen in unmittelbarer Nähe der Oberfläche der ununterbrochenen flexiblen Komponente 10, so daß die Scheitellinien 6a und 7a beim Auffalten zu der in Figur 1 gezeigten Wanne 2 deren Faltlinien bilden. Im Endzustand bilden die Faltlinien die unteren und oberen Kanten 11 bzw. 12 der Verbundplatte 1.According to Figure 3, the opening angle of the notches 6 and 7 is about 90 degrees, with deviations due to the later inclination of the inner wall elements 4. The apex lines 6a and 7a of the notches 6 and 7 lie in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the uninterrupted flexible component 10, so that the apex lines 6a and 7a form the fold lines when the tray 2 shown in FIG. 1 is unfolded. In the final state, the fold lines form the lower and upper edges 11 and 12 of the composite panel 1.

Wie aus den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 hervorgeht, besitzt die Wanne 2 auf jeder Seite des Umfangs ihres Bodenbereichs 3 jeweils zwei auffaltbare Wandelemente 4 und 5, wobei die Einkerbungen 6 und 7 in der Weise vorgenommen wurden, daß bei der Bildung der Wanne zwei Faltvorgänge vorgenommen werden können. Zunächst werden die inneren Wandelemente 4 um etwas weniger als 90 Grad hochgefaltet, und nachfolgend werden durch einen zweiten Faltvorgang die äußeren Wandelemente 5 soweit herumgefaltet, bis sie parallel zum Bodenbereich 3 verlaufen. Dieser Zustand ist in Figur 1 dargestellt.As can be seen from FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the tub 2 has two fold-out wall elements 4 and 5 on each side of the circumference of its bottom region 3, the notches 6 and 7 being made in such a way that two are formed when the tub is formed Folding operations made can be. First, the inner wall elements 4 are folded up by a little less than 90 degrees, and subsequently the outer wall elements 5 are folded around by a second folding process until they run parallel to the base region 3. This state is shown in Figure 1.

Im Endzustand bilden die nach innen gerichteten Endkanten 13 der äußeren Wandelemente eine polygonale Öffnung, die zum Einbringen einer aushärtbaren Gußmasse 14 dient.In the final state, the inwardly directed end edges 13 of the outer wall elements form a polygonal opening which is used to introduce a hardenable casting compound 14.

Es ist umgekehrt und mit besonderem Vorteil auch möglich, die Wanne mit der polygonalen Öffnung auf eine ebene, glatte Unterlage zu legen und die Gußmasse durch eine mittige Öffnung im Bodenbereich einzufüllen. Besonders gut eignet sich hierfür dünnflüssiger Fließestrich auf Anhydrit-Basis. Der Durchmesser der Öffnung beträgt vorzugsweise etwa 10 bis 15 cm.It is the other way round and, with particular advantage, it is also possible to place the trough with the polygonal opening on a flat, smooth surface and to fill in the casting compound through a central opening in the base area. Low viscosity liquid screed based on anhydrite is particularly suitable for this. The diameter of the opening is preferably about 10 to 15 cm.

Die mineralische Komponente des plattenförmigen Vormaterials ist dabei mindestens im Bodenbereich 3 mit Durchbrechungen 15 versehen, die beim Ausgießen durch die Gußmasse 14 gleichfalls ausgefüllt werden, so daß die Gußmasse 14 eine innige Verbindung mit der Wanne 2 eingeht. Vorzugsweise sind dabei auch mindestens die äußeren Wandelemente 5 mit Durchbrechungen 16 versehen, die im Endzustand nach Figur 1 jedoch nicht sichtbar sind, weil sie in dieser Stellung durch die flexible Komponente 10 verdeckt sind (gestrichelte Darstellung).The mineral component of the plate-shaped primary material is provided at least in the bottom area 3 with openings 15, which are also filled when poured through the casting compound 14, so that the casting compound 14 forms an intimate connection with the tub 2. Preferably, at least the outer wall elements 5 are also provided with openings 16, which, however, are not visible in the final state according to FIG. 1, because in this position they are covered by the flexible component 10 (dashed line).

Damit die Verbundplatte 1 auf ihrem gesamten Umfang die gleiche Höhe aufweist, haben die jeweils paarweise vorgesehenen Einkerbungen 6 und 7 bzw. deren Scheitellinien 6a und 7a jeweils den gleichen Abstand voneinander. Damit sich die Ecken der äußeren Wandelemente 5 nicht gegenseitig behindern, sind sie an ihren Ecken entsprechend abgeschrägt, so daß sie an Gehrungsfugen 17 aneinanderstoßen.So that the composite panel 1 has the same height over its entire circumference, the notches 6 and 7 respectively provided in pairs or their apex lines 6a and 7a each have the same distance from one another. So that the corners of the outer wall elements 5 do not interfere with each other, they are bevelled accordingly at their corners so that they abut on miter joints 17.

Um die Wanne 2 für den Füllvorgang räumlich fixieren zu können, ist es entweder möglich die aufgefaltete Wanne durch eine einstellbare Haltevorrichtung (nicht dargestellt) festzulegen, oder aber, die miteinander in Berührung kommenden Flächen der Einkerbungen 6 und 7 sowie die Gehrungsfugen 17 mit einem Kleber zu bestreichen, der kurzfristig abbindet.In order to be able to fix the trough 2 spatially for the filling process, it is either possible to fix the unfolded trough by means of an adjustable holding device (not shown), or else the surfaces of the notches 6 and 7 that come into contact with one another and the miter joints 17 with an adhesive to brush that sets at short notice.

Figur 1 ist noch zu entnehmen, daß zwischen dem Bodenbereich 3 und den hierzu parallel verlaufenden äußeren Wandelementen 5 ein umlaufender Spalt 18 gebildet wird, der gleichfalls durch den Gußwerkstoff ausgefüllt ist.FIG. 1 also shows that a circumferential gap 18 is formed between the base region 3 and the outer wall elements 5 running parallel thereto, which is also filled by the cast material.

Eine derart hergestellte Verbundplatte hat eine hohe Festigkeit gegenüber einem von oben aufgebrachten Schlag oder Stoß sowie gegenüber rollenden Bewegungen schwerer Gegenstände. Die Verbundplatte besitzt eine sehr geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit, so daß sich im Brandfalle auf einer Seite der Verbundplatte auftretende hohe Temperaturen nicht kurzfristig auf die gegenüberliegende Seite der Verbundplatte übertragen können. Sofern die flexible Komponente aus einer Metallfolie oder einem dünnen Blech besteht, kann auf einfache Weise durch entsprechend ausgebildete Stützen eine Ableitung elektrostatischer Aufladungen erfolgen.A composite panel produced in this way has a high strength against an impact or impact applied from above and against rolling movements of heavy objects. The composite panel has a very low thermal conductivity, so that in the event of a fire, high temperatures occurring on one side of the composite panel cannot be transferred to the opposite side of the composite panel for a short time. If the flexible component is made of a metal foil or a thin sheet there is a simple way to discharge electrostatic charges by appropriately trained supports.

Üblicherweise werden derartige Verbundplatten im Bereich ihrer Ecken auf Stützen aufgelegt, die vorzugsweise in der Höhe verstellbar sind. Mit Ausnahme von Raumecken sowie in der Nähe von Wänden stoßen alsdann im Bereich einer Stütze jeweils vier Ecken aneinander, wenn es sich um quadratische oder rechteckige Verbundplatten handelt. Jede Ecke deckt alsdann einen Quadranten der Stütze ab. Es ist allerdings auch möglich, im Bereich einer jeden Ecke der Verbundplatte eine einzelne Stütze vorzusehen. Daraus ergibt sich, daß die Verbundplatte bei Belastung auf Biegung beansprucht wird, wobei die Zugkräfte im wesentlichen durch den Bodenbereich 3 der Wanne 2 aufgefangen werden.Such composite panels are usually placed in the area of their corners on supports which are preferably adjustable in height. With the exception of room corners and near walls, four corners meet each other in the area of a column if the panels are square or rectangular. Each corner then covers a quadrant of the column. However, it is also possible to provide a single support in the area of each corner of the composite panel. The result of this is that the composite panel is subjected to bending stress upon loading, the tensile forces being absorbed essentially by the base region 3 of the trough 2.

Es ist weiterhin möglich, die erfindungsgemäße Verbundplatte noch nachträglich zu bearbeiten, beispielsweise auf kleinere Maße zuzuschneiden oder mit Ausschnitten zu versehen, um beispielsweise Leitungsdurchführungen, Steckverbindungen und/oder Luftanschlüsse zur Belüftung des Hohlraums anbringen zu können. Bearbeitungswerkzeuge, mit denen die Einkerbungen 6 und 7 erzeugt bzw. die vorstehend genannten Bearbeitungen vorgenommen werden können, sind Stand der Technik.It is also possible to subsequently process the composite panel according to the invention, for example to cut it to smaller dimensions or to provide it with cutouts, in order, for example, to be able to provide cable bushings, plug-in connections and / or air connections for ventilating the cavity. Machining tools with which the notches 6 and 7 can be produced or the above-mentioned machining operations can be carried out are state of the art.

Durch die Verwendung eines Laminats für den Zuschnitt wird auch im Hinblick auf die fertige Verbundplatte eine hohe Stoßfestigkeit im Bereich der Kanten 11 und 12 erzeugt. Dieser Vorteil ist - gegenüber rein mineralischen Platten - nicht zu unterschätzen, da die betreffenden Platten beim Transport, bei der Verlegung und gegebenenfalls auch beim Gebrauch einer harten Belastung ausgesetzt sind.The use of a laminate for the cutting also results in a high impact resistance in the area of the edges 11 and 12 with regard to the finished composite panel generated. This advantage should not be underestimated - compared to purely mineral slabs - since the slabs in question are exposed to hard loads during transport, installation and, if necessary, use.

Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel liegen die ursprünglich äußeren Wandelemente 5 mit ihrer Oberseite in der oberen Oberfläche der fertigen Verbundplatte und damit im Druckspannungsbereich. Auch dies ist von Vorteil, weil dadurch eine hohe Druckfestigkeit erzeugt wird. Schließlich eignet sich auch der in der oberen Oberfläche liegende Teil der flexiblen Komponente besonders gut zum haftfesten Verkleben mit einem Oberflächenbelag, so daß die Gefahr eines Ablösens dieses Oberflächenbelages erheblich vermindert wird.In the illustrated embodiment, the originally outer wall elements 5 lie with their upper side in the upper surface of the finished composite panel and thus in the compressive stress range. This is also advantageous because it creates a high compressive strength. Finally, the part of the flexible component lying in the upper surface is particularly well suited for adhesive bonding with a surface covering, so that the risk of this surface covering becoming detached is considerably reduced.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Variante des Gegenstandes nach Figur 1: Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist in die Gußmasse 14 ein Gitterrahmen 19 eingebettet, dessen Einzelheiten anhand von Figur 5 näher erläutert werden:
Der Gitterrahmen 19 besteht aus zwei rechteckigen oder quadratischen kongruenten Rahmenteilen 20 und 21, deren einzelne Profilteile im Querschnitt L-förmig ausgebildet sind. Dabei liegen jeweils die einen Schenkel eines jeden Rahmenteils in einer Ebene, und die jeweils anderen Schenkel verlaufen senkrecht hierzu. Zwischen den jeweils in einer Ebene liegenden Schenkeln 20a und 21a beider Rahmenteile ist ein umlaufender Spalt 23 vorhanden, in dem ein Maschengitter 22 aus Stahldraht festgelegt ist, beispielsweise durch Punktschweißen.
FIG. 4 shows a variant of the object according to FIG. 1: In this exemplary embodiment, a grid frame 19 is embedded in the casting compound 14, the details of which are explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 5:
The lattice frame 19 consists of two rectangular or square congruent frame parts 20 and 21, the individual profile parts of which are L-shaped in cross section. The one leg of each frame part lies in one plane, and the other legs run perpendicular to it. A circumferential gap 23 is present between the legs 20a and 21a of both frame parts lying in one plane, in FIG to which a mesh 22 made of steel wire is fixed, for example by spot welding.

Die beiden jeweils anderen Schenkel 20b und 21b sind voneinander weg gerichtet, und ihre Außenseiten liegen in vier gemeinsamen Ebenen, die senkrecht zu der Ebene verlaufen, in der das Maschengitter 22 liegt. Die in Gebrauchslage nach oben weisenden Schenkel 20b haben eine größere Schenkellänge als die darunterliegenden Schenkel 21b. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß das Maschengitter in Gebrauchslage einen größeren Abstand von der Oberseite der Gußmasse 14 hat als von deren Unterseite, die mit dem Bodenbereich 13 der Wanne 2 eine gemeinsame Grenzfläche hat. Es ist wichtig, daß das Maschengitter 22 im Zugspannungsbereich der Verbundplatte liegt. Hierdurch sowie insbesondere durch die Rahmenteile 20 und 21 wird die Festigkeit der Verbundplatte ganz wesentlich erhöht.The two other legs 20b and 21b are directed away from each other, and their outer sides lie in four common planes which are perpendicular to the plane in which the mesh 22 is located. The legs 20b pointing upwards in the position of use have a greater leg length than the legs 21b below. It is thereby achieved that the mesh in the position of use has a greater distance from the top of the casting compound 14 than from the bottom thereof, which has a common interface with the bottom region 13 of the trough 2. It is important that the mesh 22 is in the tension area of the composite panel. As a result, and in particular through the frame parts 20 and 21, the strength of the composite panel is increased significantly.

Das Maschengitter 22 kann, wie in Figur 5 dargestellt, aus einem Stahldraht-Gewebe bestehen. An seine Stelle können jedoch Lochbleche, Streckmetall oder einfach sich kreuzende Gitterstäbe treten. Wichtig ist dabei lediglich, daß diejenigen Volumina der Gußmasse 14, die oberhalb und unterhalb des Maschengitters liegen, durch die Maschen hindurch untrennbar miteinander verbunden sind. Außerdem ist es natürlich erforderlich, daß bei der Herstellung die Gußmasse möglichst ungehindert durch die Maschen hindurchtreten kann, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob nun die Gußmasse durch die polygonale Öffnung der Oberseite der Wanne eingefüllt wird oder durch eine Öffnung im Bodenbereich 3 der Wanne 2. Es kann gegebenenfalls zweckmäßig sein, den Gitterrahmen 19 vor dem Eingießen der Gußmasse gegenüber der Wanne 2 festzulegen.The mesh 22 can, as shown in Figure 5, consist of a steel wire fabric. However, perforated sheets, expanded metal or simply crossing bars can replace it. It is only important that those volumes of the casting compound 14 which are above and below the mesh are inseparably connected to one another through the mesh. In addition, it is of course necessary that the casting compound can pass through the mesh as freely as possible, regardless of whether the casting compound is filled through the polygonal opening of the top of the tub or through an opening in the bottom region 3 of the tub 2. It can it may be appropriate to fix the lattice frame 19 against the tub 2 before pouring the casting compound.

Figur 4 ist noch zu entnehmen, daß das spezielle Herstellverfahren der Wanne durch Faltung zu dem zusätzlichen Vorteil führt, daß ein Gitterrahmen verhältnismäßig großer horizontaler Abmessungen in einer Wanne untergebracht werden kann, die eine relativ kleine Einfüllöffnung für die Gußmasse hat. Dennoch ist es möglich - gegebenenfalls durch besondere Abstandshalter -, die Armierung so in die Gußmasse einzubetten, daß sie allseitig vom Gußwerkstoff umgeben ist.Figure 4 also shows that the special manufacturing process of the tub by folding leads to the additional advantage that a lattice frame of relatively large horizontal dimensions can be accommodated in a tub which has a relatively small filling opening for the casting compound. Nevertheless, it is possible - if necessary using special spacers - to embed the reinforcement in the casting compound in such a way that it is surrounded on all sides by the casting material.

Claims (11)

  1. A method of manufacturing a polygonal composite panel (1) for double or cavity floors arranged on supports, by filling a trough (2), which is tension-proof and arranged in the area of tensile stress of the panel (1), with a hardening mineral pouring substance (14), characterized in that
    a) for the manufacture of the trough (2) is used a level panel with a tension-proof bending-resistant component (9) of a hardening mineral substance, if appropriate with fibrous or textile filler materials of the groups fibre glass, mineral fibres, metal fibres, organic fibres or fabric inserts, or of a laminate of fibre fleece or fabric lengths with mineral binding agents, or of chipboards with inorganic binding agents and with a flexible component (10) which forms a foldable external layer;
    b) from this panel is made a pattern (8) according to the unfolded layout of the trough;
    c) this pattern (8) is provided within the bending-resistant component (9) and at points of provided edges (11, 12) of the panel with respective straight V-shaped grooves (6, 7) having an opening angle of approximately 90 degrees, which define a base area (3) and a plurality of wall elements (4, 5) relative to each other, extending from the side facing away from the foldable external layer and the vertex lines (6a, 7a) of which are positioned in the immediate vicinity of the continuous foldable external layer;
    d) the wall elements (4, 5) which are defined by the grooves (6, 7) are unfolded around the vertex lines (6a, 7a) to form a trough (2) with a filler opening for the mineral pouring substance (14), and the trough is fixed in its unfolded state; and
    e) the trough (2) is filled with the mineral pouring substance (14), and the pouring substance (14) is allowed to harden whilst being joined with the trough (2).
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that
    a) the panel is provided on each side of its periphery with two wall elements (4, 5), which can be unfolded and of which the inner wall elements (4) located between the base area (3) and the outermost wall elements (5) are at their longitudinal sides defined by respective parallel grooves (6, 7) which are at the same distance from each other for all inner wall elements (4); and that
    b) the inner and the outer wall elements (4, 5) are, relative to the vertical cross-section of the finished trough (2), are unfolded twice by approximately 90 degrees on each side of the periphery, so that the base area (3) and the external wall elements (5) extend parallel to each other, and that the inwardly oriented end edges of the external wall elements define a polygonal opening.
  3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bending-resistant non-metallic component (9) of the panel is, prior to being joined with the flexible component, provided with passages (15, 16) which are resealed by being joined with the flexible component (10).
  4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a glue is applied to the walls of the grooves (6, 7) before the wall elements (4, 5) are unfolded.
  5. A method of manufacturing a floor, using a plurality of composite panels manufactured according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of empty troughs (2) is placed gridlike on the ground, preferably with height-adjustable support elements thereinbetween, if appropriate placing the troughs (2) at a regular height, and thereafter the cavities of all troughs (2) are filled in situ with the pouring substance (14), and the pouring substance(14) is left to harden.
  6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that a plaster which covers all composite panels is applied to the composite panels (1) which are filled with the pouring substance.
  7. Polygonal composite panel (1) for double or cavity floors arranged on supports, comprising a tension-proof trough (2), arranged in the tensional area of the panel and with a filling (14) of hardened mineral pouring material, and that the trough is composed of a base area (3) and of wall elements (4, 5) forming a sash, and that
    a) the wall elements (5, 6) are set up, around linear bending edges (11, 12) located in a folded component (10) of the trough, at least once at approximately 90 degrees (±10 degrees) to the sash; and
    b) the wall elements (4, 5) are joined with the mineral pouring material (14),
    characterized in that
    c) the trough (2) is made of a composite material which is composed of a laminate of at least one tension-proof and bending-resistant component (9) of a hardening mineral substance, if appropriate with fibrous or textile filler materials of the group glass fibres, mineral fibres, metal fibres, organic fibres or fabric inserts, or of a laminate of fibre fleece or fabric lengths with mineral binding agents, or of chipboards with inorganic binding agents and at least one externally placed folded component (10).
  8. A composite panel according to claim 7, characterized in that when the first and second wall elements (4 or 5) are folded twice, the bending edges (11, 12) of two directly adjoining first and second wall elements (4, 5) extend in parallel to each other, and that the base area (3) and the respective second wall elements (5) are positioned parallel to each other to include between them a gap (18) which is filled with hardened pouring material (14).
  9. A composite panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the bending-resistant non-metallic component (9) of the trough (2) is provided with passages (15, 16), which are externally covered by the folded component (10) and filled with the hardened pouring material (14).
  10. A composite panel according to claim 7, characterized in that the folded component (10) is made of a metal foil.
  11. A composite panel according to claim 7, characterized in that into the pouring material (14) is embedded a reinforcement, comprising metallic frame sections (20, 21) and a mesh grid (22) positioned in the frame opening, and that the reinforcement is also surrounded on all sides by the pouring material (14).
EP91104843A 1990-04-09 1991-03-27 Method of manufacturing a composite polygonal panel for floors, panel made according to this method and a floor made from such panels Expired - Lifetime EP0451619B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4011393 1990-04-09
DE4011393A DE4011393C1 (en) 1990-04-09 1990-04-09

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EP0451619A1 EP0451619A1 (en) 1991-10-16
EP0451619B1 true EP0451619B1 (en) 1995-01-25

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EP91104843A Expired - Lifetime EP0451619B1 (en) 1990-04-09 1991-03-27 Method of manufacturing a composite polygonal panel for floors, panel made according to this method and a floor made from such panels

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EP (1) EP0451619B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE117755T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4011393C1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1039096C2 (en) * 2011-10-10 2013-04-11 Innovation Invest B V METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING BUILDING ELEMENTS AND OF A BUILDING UNIT USING SUCH BUILDING ELEMENTS.
DE202016100187U1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2017-04-20 Siegfried und André Schelbach L GbR (vertretungsberechtigte Gesellschafter: Siegfried und André Schelbach, 32758 Detmold) furniture board

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2756463A (en) * 1952-12-31 1956-07-31 Clements Macmillan Insulated roof and floor panel
US3654053A (en) * 1969-11-19 1972-04-04 Re Flect O Lite Corp Decorative panel plate board or the like and method of fabricating same
DE2307815B2 (en) * 1973-02-16 1976-01-02 Guenter H. 1000 Berlin Kiss Sound and heat insulating floor panel
DE3410197A1 (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-09-26 Bison-Werke Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3257 Springe Wall element
DE3720238A1 (en) * 1987-06-19 1989-01-05 Mero Werke Kg COMPOSITE BUILDING PANEL, ESPECIALLY FOR DOUBLE FLOORS

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DE59104356D1 (en) 1995-03-09
DE4011393C1 (en) 1991-09-12
ATE117755T1 (en) 1995-02-15
EP0451619A1 (en) 1991-10-16

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