EP0446089A1 - Method and apparatus for forming a circular lip around an opening - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for forming a circular lip around an opening Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0446089A1
EP0446089A1 EP91400409A EP91400409A EP0446089A1 EP 0446089 A1 EP0446089 A1 EP 0446089A1 EP 91400409 A EP91400409 A EP 91400409A EP 91400409 A EP91400409 A EP 91400409A EP 0446089 A1 EP0446089 A1 EP 0446089A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
roller
opening
lip
around
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Granted
Application number
EP91400409A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0446089B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Fournier
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Areva NP SAS
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Framatome SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
    • B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
    • B21C37/292—Forming collars by drawing or pushing a rigid forming tool through an opening in the tube wall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for forming a circular lip around an opening in a wall, in particular a ferrule, of great thickness, the thickness of the lip being relatively small compared to that of the wall, of the type in which a counterbore is machined around the opening, on the side opposite to the lip to be produced, then the metal forming the bottom of the latter is pushed axially against a die, on the side opposite the counterbore.
  • the object of the invention is to allow, according to an efficient and economical process, the production of lips that are relatively thin compared to the wall of the shell, the thickness of these lips being typically less than or equal to half the thickness of the wall, maintaining a geometry of the bore close to the cylinder, which allows to keep the most large possible the metal section available in the shell for the reinforcement of the opening.
  • the invention relates to a method of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the pushing operation is carried out by means of at least one roller mounted to rotate on an axis and driven in orbital motion around the axis of the opening, the angle that the leading surface of the roller forms with this axis being progressively reduced during at least part of the advance of the roller.
  • said angle reduction is obtained by reducing the angle that the axis of the roller forms with that of the opening, and / or by virtue of a convex profile of the roller.
  • the roller may in particular have a barrel profile or, alternatively, a conical profile.
  • the installation may further comprise rollers for supporting the ferrule with its vertical axis, these rollers being distributed over a circumference and oriented radially with respect to that -this.
  • the handling of the shell between a preheating / heating position and a machining position can then be done quickly and easily, by simply rotating the ferrule, without the intervention of an overhead crane.
  • Fig. 1 represents the meridian half-section of a cylindrical shell 1 of vertical axis XX, comprising at least one lateral circular opening 2, of axis YY perpendicular to the axis XX.
  • This opening is delimited by a substantially frustoconical inner surface, slightly converging towards the outside of the shell.
  • This ferrule, very thick a can in particular be part of the tank of a nuclear reactor.
  • the machining of the lip 3 has three phases illustrated in Figs. 2A to 2C respectively: cutting of a circular wafer of diameter b (Fig. 2A), machining on the interior side, around the periphery of the orifice thus obtained, of a counterbore 4 whose depth c is substantially equal to a / 2 (Fig. 2B); and extrusion by pushing back the lip 3 (Fig. 2C).
  • the lip 3 protrudes axially, along the axis YY, by a distance d relative to the external cylindrical wall of the shell. At its extremity, it has a radial thickness e and defines an entry opening of diameter f .
  • a 300 mm
  • c 150 mm
  • d 100 to 120 mm
  • e 100 mm
  • f 700 mm
  • the installation used for this operation comprises a ferrule support 5, a support block 6, a burnishing machine 7 and a heater 8.
  • the support 5 consists of a base 9 in which are mounted four rollers 10 of cylindrical shape regularly distributed over a circle C whose diameter corresponds to that of the ferrule and which are oriented radially.
  • the upper generatrix of the rollers 10 slightly exceeds the level of the base 9.
  • the block 6 is fixed on the base 9 outside the circle C, between two rollers 10. It has a cylindrical recess 11 coaxial with the circle C (Fig. 4), receiving a sector of the shell 1 when the latter is placed on the rollers 10. In this recess is formed a cylindrical cavity 12 (Fig. 3) whose axis coincides with the axis YY during the pushing operation described below.
  • the entrance to this cavity 12 is bordered by a circular support matrix 13, the profile of which corresponds to the external profile of the lip 3 to be produced.
  • the burnishing machine 7 is entirely disposed inside the circle C. It comprises a frame 14 itself comprising two vertical uprights 15 in a circular opening of which is mounted, slidingly and rotationally, a cylindrical jack body 16 of which the axis ZZ coincides with that of the cavity 12.
  • a first electric motor 17 carried by the frame can rotate, via a gear 18, a thrust screw 19 parallel to the axis XX, quid by the frame 14.
  • This screw acts by means of an end pad 20 on a vertical plate 21, perpendicular to the axis ZZ and guided in translation parallel to this axis, which is freely traversed by the cylinder 16.
  • the system screw-nut can be replaced by a hydraulic or pneumatic double-acting cylinder.
  • the plate 21 constitutes a support for a second electric motor 22 and bears outwards, that is to say towards the block 6, against a flange 23 secured to the cylinder 16, this by means of a bearing with balls 24.
  • the motor 22 comprises an output pinion 25, which meshes with a pinion 26 integral with the cylinder 16.
  • other motor-17-gear 18-screw 19 assemblies can be provided and regularly distributed around the ZZ axis.
  • the cylinder 16 forms a double-acting hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder body in which a piston 27 moves.
  • This body is extended towards the outside by a cylindrical roller carrier 28 consisting of three longitudinal members 29 parallel to the axis ZZ (Fig. 5) and connected at their outer end by a ring 30 (Fig. 3 and 4).
  • Three rollers 31 with a barrel profile are interposed between the longitudinal members 29 (Fig. 5), projecting radially with respect thereto.
  • the axis 12 of each roller converges towards the outside, is located in a plane passing through the axis ZZ and is articulated by its outer end to the crown 30 and by its inner end to the outer end of a respective link 33 which converges inward.
  • Each link 33 is articulated at its inner end on a sliding plate 34 fixed to the end of the piston rod 27.
  • the heater 8 (Fig. 4) is movable and comprises an inner convex part 36 and an outer concave part 37. It can be electric or with gas burners.
  • the device 8 is brought opposite one of the two openings, preheats the latter to approximately 500 ° C., then heats it to the extrusion temperature of the lip 3, between 950 and 1200 ° C.
  • the device 8 is then moved away, and the ferrule is rotated about its axis on the rollers 10 until the axis YY of the opening 2 thus heated coincides with the axis ZZ of the matrix 13 and of the cylinder 16.
  • a first forming-extrusion pass of the lip is then carried out by exerting a thrust, of the order of 100 to 1,000 tonnes, along the axis ZZ, by means of the motor 17, and by simultaneously rotating the cylinder 16 and the roller carrier 28 around their axis by means of the motor 22.
  • this angle of attack is a function of both the angle of inclination x and the angle made with the axis 32 the tangent to the outer surface of the roller at the point of attack, this angle also varying during the advance of the roller carrier taking into account the barrel shape of the rollers.
  • This process makes it possible to obtain the lip 3 while ensuring the continuity of the fibers of the metal of the ferrule.
  • the central heterogeneous zones of the thickness of the shell do not lead to the bore, which is favorable for the mechanical behavior of the assembly.
  • the connection by welding of pipes to the shell is made on the lips 3, which is advantageous from the point of view of the stresses undergone by the shell.
  • the apparatus 8 can be put in place opposite another opening 2 to be machined, as shown in FIG. 4, which reduces the total manufacturing time of the shell.
  • rollers 31 can be replaced by rollers having a different shape, in particular a frustoconical shape converging towards the outside.
  • the angle of attack of the rollers on the lip in formation depends only on the inclination x of the axes of the rollers.

Landscapes

  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

After having machined a spot facing (4), the bottom of this spot facing is pushed back by means of rollers (31) driven in an orbital movement, the angle which the attack surface of the rollers forms with the axis (Y-Y) of the opening (2) being progressively reduced in step with the advance of the roller carrier (28). <??>Application to the formation of connection lips around openings of a vessel shell ring (course) of a nuclear reactor. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé pour former une lèvre circulaire autour d'une ouverture d'une paroi, notamment d'une virole, de forte épaisseur, l'épaisseur de la lèvre étant relativement faible par rapport à celle de la paroi, du type dans lequel on usine un lamage autour de l'ouverture, du côté opposé à la lèvre à réaliser, puis on repousse axialement contre une matrice, du côté opposé au lamage, le métal formant le fond de celui-ci.The present invention relates to a method for forming a circular lip around an opening in a wall, in particular a ferrule, of great thickness, the thickness of the lip being relatively small compared to that of the wall, of the type in which a counterbore is machined around the opening, on the side opposite to the lip to be produced, then the metal forming the bottom of the latter is pushed axially against a die, on the side opposite the counterbore.

Dans certaines applications, on désire pourvoir une paroi de forte épaisseur d'au moins une ouverture entourée par une lèvre en saillie axiale. C'est notamment le cas pour les viroles des cuves de réacteurs nucléaires, auxquelles doivent être raccordées un certain nombre de conduites. Ces conduites peuvent en effet être reliées par soudage sur l'extrémité des lèvres en question, lesquelles remplacent avantageusement les tubulures d'attente rapportées décrites par exemple dans le FR-A-2 517 575.In certain applications, it is desired to provide a very thick wall with at least one opening surrounded by an axially projecting lip. This is particularly the case for the shells of nuclear reactor vessels, to which a certain number of pipes must be connected. These pipes can in fact be connected by welding to the end of the lips in question, which advantageously replace the attached waiting tubes described for example in FR-A-2,517,575.

Cependant, les techniques actuelles de formage de lèvres du type précité, basées sur le principe du poinçonnage (voir par exemple le FR-A- 1 198 440), ne donnent pas entière satisfaction en pratique. En effet, avec ces procédés, le rayon intérieur de raccordement de la lèvre est d'autant plus grand que l'on cherche à obtenir une saillie importante de cette dernière.However, the current lip forming techniques of the aforementioned type, based on the principle of punching (see for example FR-A-1 198 440), are not entirely satisfactory in practice. Indeed, with these methods, the internal radius of connection of the lip is all the greater when one seeks to obtain a significant projection of the latter.

L'invention a pour but de permettre, selon un procédé efficace et économique, la fabrication de lèvres relativement minces par rapport à la paroi de la virole, l'épaisseur de ces lèvres étant typiquement inférieure ou égale à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la paroi, en maintenant une géométrie de l'alésage voisine du cylindre, ce qui permet de conserver la plus grande possible la section de métal disponible dans la virole pour le renforcement de l'ouverture.The object of the invention is to allow, according to an efficient and economical process, the production of lips that are relatively thin compared to the wall of the shell, the thickness of these lips being typically less than or equal to half the thickness of the wall, maintaining a geometry of the bore close to the cylinder, which allows to keep the most large possible the metal section available in the shell for the reinforcement of the opening.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé du type précité, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue l'opération de repoussage au moyen d'au moins un galet monté rotatif sur un axe et entraîné en mouvement orbital autour de l'axe de l'ouverture, l'angle que la surface d'attaque du galet forme avec cet axe étant progressivement réduit au cours d'au moins une partie de l'avance du galet.To this end, the invention relates to a method of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the pushing operation is carried out by means of at least one roller mounted to rotate on an axis and driven in orbital motion around the axis of the opening, the angle that the leading surface of the roller forms with this axis being progressively reduced during at least part of the advance of the roller.

Suivant une autre caractéristique du procédé, ladite réduction d'angle est obtenue en réduisant l'angle que l'axe du galet forme avec celui de l'ouverture, et/ou grâce à un profil convexe du galet.According to another characteristic of the method, said angle reduction is obtained by reducing the angle that the axis of the roller forms with that of the opening, and / or by virtue of a convex profile of the roller.

L'invention a également pour objet une installation destinée à la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé. Cette installation est caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :

  • un porte-galets muni de moyens de déplacement suivant son axe ;
  • au moins un galet monté rotatif sur un axe qui est porté excentriquement par le porte-galets ;
  • des moyens pour entraîner le galet suivant un mouvement orbital autour de l'axe du porte-galets ; et
  • des moyens pour faire varier l'inclinaison de l'axe du galet par rapport à l'axe du porte-galets.
The invention also relates to an installation intended for the implementation of such a method. This installation is characterized in that it includes:
  • a roller carrier provided with means of displacement along its axis;
  • at least one roller mounted to rotate on an axis which is carried eccentrically by the roller holder;
  • means for driving the roller in an orbital movement around the axis of the roller holder; and
  • means for varying the inclination of the axis of the roller relative to the axis of the roller holder.

Le galet peut notamment avoir un profil en tonneau ou, en variante, un profil conique.The roller may in particular have a barrel profile or, alternatively, a conical profile.

De façon avantageuse, dans son application au formage d'une lèvre sur une virole, l'installation peut comprendre en outre des rouleaux de support de la virole avec son axe vertical, ces rouleaux étant répartis sur une circonférence et orientés radialement par rapport à celle-ci. La manutention de la virole entre une position de préchauffage/chauffage et une position d'usinage peut alors se faire rapidement et facilement, par simple rotation de la virole, sans intervention d'un pont roulant.Advantageously, in its application to the forming of a lip on a ferrule, the installation may further comprise rollers for supporting the ferrule with its vertical axis, these rollers being distributed over a circumference and oriented radially with respect to that -this. The handling of the shell between a preheating / heating position and a machining position can then be done quickly and easily, by simply rotating the ferrule, without the intervention of an overhead crane.

Un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention va maintenant être décrit en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est une demi-vue en coupe axiale d'une virole usinée conformément à l'invention ;
  • les Figs. 2A à 2C sont des vues partielles de détail illustrant les phases successives d'usinage conduisant à la virole de la Fig. 1 ;
  • la Fig. 3 représente schématiquement, en coupe verticale, une installation conforme à l'invention ;
  • la Fig. 4 est une vue en plan d'une partie de l'installation de la Fig. 3 ; et
  • la Fig. 5 est une vue partielle prise suivant la flèche V de la Fig. 3.
An example of implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 is a half-view in axial section of a ferrule machined in accordance with the invention;
  • Figs. 2A to 2C are partial detail views illustrating the successive machining phases leading to the shell of FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 schematically represents, in vertical section, an installation according to the invention;
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of part of the installation of FIG. 3; and
  • Fig. 5 is a partial view taken along the arrow V in FIG. 3.

La Fig. 1 représente la demi-section méridienne d'une virole cylindrique 1 d'axe X-X vertical, comportant au moins une ouverture circulaire latérale 2, d'axe Y-Y perpendiculaire à l'axe X-X. Cette ouverture est délimitée par une surface intérieure sensiblement tronconique, légèrement convergente vers l'extérieur de la virole. Cette virole, de forte épaisseur a, peut notamment faire partie de la cuve d'un réacteur nucléaire. Une lèvre circulaire 3, en saillie vers l'extérieur sur la virole, entoure l'ouverture 2. Cette lèvre est destinée au raccordement par soudage bout-à-bout d'une canalisation extérieure (non représentée) de même diamètre intérieur.Fig. 1 represents the meridian half-section of a cylindrical shell 1 of vertical axis XX, comprising at least one lateral circular opening 2, of axis YY perpendicular to the axis XX. This opening is delimited by a substantially frustoconical inner surface, slightly converging towards the outside of the shell. This ferrule, very thick a , can in particular be part of the tank of a nuclear reactor. A circular lip 3, projecting outwardly on the ferrule, surrounds the opening 2. This lip is intended for connection by butt welding of an external pipe (not shown) of the same internal diameter.

L'usinage de la lèvre 3 comporte trois phases illustrées aux Fig. 2A à 2C respectivement : découpage d'une galette circulaire de diamètre b (Fig. 2A), usinage côté intérieur, sur le pourtour de l'orifice ainsi obtenu, d'un lamage 4 dont la profondeur c est sensiblement égale à a/2 (Fig. 2B) ; et extrusion par repoussage de la lèvre 3 (Fig. 2C). La lèvre 3 fait saillie axialement, suivant l'axe Y-Y, d'une distance d par rapport à la paroi cylindrique exterieure de la virole. A son extrémite, elle possède une épaisseur radiale e et définit une ouverture d'entrée de diamètre f. Pour une lèvre sur laquelle doit être soudée une conduite de circuit primaire d'un réacteur nucléaire à eau sous pression, on a typiquement, en valeurs approximatives, a = 300 mm, c = 150 mm, d = 100 à 120 mm, e = 100 mm et f = 700 mm, avec une surface intérieure de l'ouverture 2 convergeant suivant un angle de 6° par rapport à l'axe Y-Y.The machining of the lip 3 has three phases illustrated in Figs. 2A to 2C respectively: cutting of a circular wafer of diameter b (Fig. 2A), machining on the interior side, around the periphery of the orifice thus obtained, of a counterbore 4 whose depth c is substantially equal to a / 2 (Fig. 2B); and extrusion by pushing back the lip 3 (Fig. 2C). The lip 3 protrudes axially, along the axis YY, by a distance d relative to the external cylindrical wall of the shell. At its extremity, it has a radial thickness e and defines an entry opening of diameter f . For a lip to which a primary circuit pipe of a pressurized water nuclear reactor must be welded, we typically have, in approximate values, a = 300 mm, c = 150 mm, d = 100 to 120 mm, e = 100 mm and f = 700 mm, with an internal surface of the opening 2 converging at an angle of 6 ° relative to the axis YY.

On décrira maintenant plus en détail l'étape d'extrusion de la lèvre 3, en regard des Fig. 3 à 5.We will now describe in more detail the step of extruding the lip 3, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

L'installation utilisée pour cette opération comprend un support de virole 5, un bloc d'appui 6, une machine de galetage 7 et un appareil de chauffage 8.The installation used for this operation comprises a ferrule support 5, a support block 6, a burnishing machine 7 and a heater 8.

Le support 5 est constitué d'un socle 9 dans lequel sont montés quatre rouleaux 10 de forme cylindrique régulièrement répartis sur un cercle C dont le diamètre correspond à celui de la virole et qui sont orientés radialement. La génératrice supérieure des rouleaux 10 dépasse légèrement le niveau du socle 9.The support 5 consists of a base 9 in which are mounted four rollers 10 of cylindrical shape regularly distributed over a circle C whose diameter corresponds to that of the ferrule and which are oriented radially. The upper generatrix of the rollers 10 slightly exceeds the level of the base 9.

Le bloc 6 est fixé sur le socle 9 à l'extérieur du cercle C, entre deux rouleaux 10. Il présente un évidement cylindrique 11 coaxial au cercle C (Fig. 4), recevant un secteur de la virole 1 lorsque celle-ci est posée sur les rouleaux 10. Dans cet évidement est ménagée une cavité cylindrique 12 (Fig. 3) dont l'axe coincide avec l'axe Y-Y pendant l'opération de repoussage décrite plus loin. L'entrée de cette cavité 12 est bordée d'une matrice d'appui circulaire 13 dont le profil correspond au profil extérieur de la lèvre 3 à réaliser.The block 6 is fixed on the base 9 outside the circle C, between two rollers 10. It has a cylindrical recess 11 coaxial with the circle C (Fig. 4), receiving a sector of the shell 1 when the latter is placed on the rollers 10. In this recess is formed a cylindrical cavity 12 (Fig. 3) whose axis coincides with the axis YY during the pushing operation described below. The entrance to this cavity 12 is bordered by a circular support matrix 13, the profile of which corresponds to the external profile of the lip 3 to be produced.

La machine de galetage 7 est entièrement disposée à l'intérieur du cercle C. Elle comprend un bâti 14 comprenant lui-même deux montants verticaux 15 dans une ouverture circulaire desquels est monté, à coulissement et à rotation, un corps de vérin cylindrique 16 dont l'axe Z-Z est confondu avec celui de la cavité 12. Un premier moteur électrique 17 porté par le bâti peut entraîner en rotation, via un engrenage 18, une vis de poussée 19 parallèle à l'axe X-X, quidé par le bâti 14. Cette vis agit par l'intermédiaire d'un patin d'extrémité 20 sur une plaque verticale 21, perpendiculaire à l'axe Z-Z et guidée en translation parallèlement à cet axe, qui est traversée librement par le cylindre 16. En variante, le système vis-écrou peut être remplacé par un vérin hydraulique ou pneumatique à double effet. La plaque 21 constitue un support pour un second moteur électrique 22 et prend appui vers l'extérieur, c'est-à-dire vers le bloc 6, contre une collerette 23 solidaire du cylindre 16, ceci par l'intermédiaire d'un roulement à billes 24. Le moteur 22 comporte un pignon de sortie 25, qui engrène avec un pignon 26 solidaire du cylindre 16. Bien entendu, d'autres ensembles moteur 17-engrenage 18-vis 19 peuvent être prévus et régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe Z-Z.The burnishing machine 7 is entirely disposed inside the circle C. It comprises a frame 14 itself comprising two vertical uprights 15 in a circular opening of which is mounted, slidingly and rotationally, a cylindrical jack body 16 of which the axis ZZ coincides with that of the cavity 12. A first electric motor 17 carried by the frame can rotate, via a gear 18, a thrust screw 19 parallel to the axis XX, quid by the frame 14. This screw acts by means of an end pad 20 on a vertical plate 21, perpendicular to the axis ZZ and guided in translation parallel to this axis, which is freely traversed by the cylinder 16. As a variant, the system screw-nut can be replaced by a hydraulic or pneumatic double-acting cylinder. The plate 21 constitutes a support for a second electric motor 22 and bears outwards, that is to say towards the block 6, against a flange 23 secured to the cylinder 16, this by means of a bearing with balls 24. The motor 22 comprises an output pinion 25, which meshes with a pinion 26 integral with the cylinder 16. Of course, other motor-17-gear 18-screw 19 assemblies can be provided and regularly distributed around the ZZ axis.

Le cylindre 16 forme un corps de vérin hydraulique ou pneumatique à double action dans lequel se déplace un piston 27. Ce corps est prolongé vers l'extérieur par un porte-galets cylindrique 28 constitué de trois longerons 29 parallèles à l'axe Z-Z (Fig. 5) et reliés à leur extrémité extérieure par une couronne 30 (Fig. 3 et 4).The cylinder 16 forms a double-acting hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder body in which a piston 27 moves. This body is extended towards the outside by a cylindrical roller carrier 28 consisting of three longitudinal members 29 parallel to the axis ZZ (Fig. 5) and connected at their outer end by a ring 30 (Fig. 3 and 4).

Trois galets 31 à profil en tonneau sont intercalés entre les longerons 29 (Fig. 5), en saillie radiale par rapport à ceux-ci. L'axe 12 de chaque galet converge vers l'extérieur, est situé dans un plan passant par l'axe Z-Z et est articulé par son extrémité extérieure à la couronne 30 et par son extrémité intérieure à l'extrémité extérieure d'une biellette respective 33 qui converge vers l'intérieur. Chaque biellette 33 est articulée à son extrémité intérieure sur une plaque coulissante 34 fixée à l'extrémité de la tige du piston 27.Three rollers 31 with a barrel profile are interposed between the longitudinal members 29 (Fig. 5), projecting radially with respect thereto. The axis 12 of each roller converges towards the outside, is located in a plane passing through the axis ZZ and is articulated by its outer end to the crown 30 and by its inner end to the outer end of a respective link 33 which converges inward. Each link 33 is articulated at its inner end on a sliding plate 34 fixed to the end of the piston rod 27.

La machine 7 permet ainsi de faire effectuer aux trois galets 31 les mouvements suivants :

  • Par actionnement du moteur 17, un mouvement de translation d'ensemble suivant l'axe Z-Z (flèche F1 de la Fig. 3). Le mouvement de retrait vers l'intérieur du cylindre 16 et du porte-galets s'obtient par action du patin 20 sur une deuxième collerette 35 prévue sur le corps de vérin 16 .
  • Par actionnement du moteur 22, une rotation d'ensemble, c'est-à-dire un mouvement orbital, des trois galets autour de l'axe Z-Z, suivant la flèche F2 de la Fig. 5. Lorsque les galets sont en appui sur la virole, ce mouvement provoque une rotation de chaque galet autour de son propre axe 32 (flèches F3 de la Fig. 5).
  • Par actionnement du vérin 16-27, modification de l'inclinaison x (Fig. 3) des axes 32 des galets par rapport à l'axe Z-Z du porte-galets.
The machine 7 thus makes it possible for the three rollers 31 to perform the following movements:
  • By actuation of the motor 17, an overall translational movement along the axis ZZ (arrow F1 in FIG. 3). The inward withdrawal movement of the cylinder 16 and of the roller carrier is obtained by action of the shoe 20 on a second flange 35 provided on the cylinder body 16.
  • By actuation of the motor 22, an overall rotation, that is to say an orbital movement, of the three rollers around the axis ZZ, along the arrow F2 of FIG. 5. When the rollers are in contact with the ferrule, this movement causes each roller to rotate around its own axis 32 (arrows F3 in Fig. 5).
  • By actuating the jack 16-27, modification of the inclination x (Fig. 3) of the axes 32 of the rollers relative to the axis ZZ of the roller holder.

L'appareil de chauffage 8 (Fig. 4) est mobile et comprend une partie convexe intérieure 36 et une partie concave extérieure 37. Il peut être électrique ou à brûleurs à gaz.The heater 8 (Fig. 4) is movable and comprises an inner convex part 36 and an outer concave part 37. It can be electric or with gas burners.

En fonctionnement, le cylindre 16 étant en position de retrait (vers la droite des Fig. 3 et 4), le piston 27 étant en position d'extension (c'est-à-dire l'angle x étant maximal) et l'appareil de chauffage 9 étant escamoté, on pose la virole sur les quatre rouleaux 10, avec son axe X-X vertical. On supposera que cette virole présente deux ouvertures 2 (Fig. 4), préparées avec un lamage 4 comme à la Fig. 2B.In operation, the cylinder 16 being in the retracted position (to the right of FIGS. 3 and 4), the piston 27 being in the extended position (that is to say the angle x being maximum) and the heater 9 being retracted, the ferrule is placed on the four rollers 10, with its vertical axis XX. It will be assumed that this shell has two openings 2 (FIG. 4), prepared with a countersink 4 as in FIG. 2B.

L'appareil 8 est amené en regard de l'une des deux ouvertures, préchauffe celle-ci à 500°C environ, puis la chauffe à la température d'extrusion de la lèvre 3, comprise entre 950 et 1200°C. L'appareil 8 est alors éloigné, et on fait tourner la virole autour de son axe sur les rouleaux 10 jusqu'à ce que l'axe Y-Y de l'ouverture 2 ainsi chauffée coincide avec l'axe Z-Z de la matrice 13 et du cylindre 16.The device 8 is brought opposite one of the two openings, preheats the latter to approximately 500 ° C., then heats it to the extrusion temperature of the lip 3, between 950 and 1200 ° C. The device 8 is then moved away, and the ferrule is rotated about its axis on the rollers 10 until the axis YY of the opening 2 thus heated coincides with the axis ZZ of the matrix 13 and of the cylinder 16.

On effectue ensuite une première passe de formage-extrusion de la lèvre en exerçant une poussée, de l'ordre de 100 à 1 000 tonnes, suivant l'axe Z-Z, au moyen du moteur 17, et en faisant simultanément tourner le cylindre 16 et le porte-galets 28 autour de leur axe au moyen du moteur 22.A first forming-extrusion pass of the lip is then carried out by exerting a thrust, of the order of 100 to 1,000 tonnes, along the axis ZZ, by means of the motor 17, and by simultaneously rotating the cylinder 16 and the roller carrier 28 around their axis by means of the motor 22.

Au début de cette poussée, comme indiqué plus haut, le piston 27 est en extension pour donner à l'angle x une valeur maximale. Au fur et à mesure de l'extrusion de la lèvre, cet angle est réduit, par retrait progressif du piston, ceci de manière que chaque galet attaque constamment la lèvre en formation suivant un angle aussi faible que possible. Il est à noter que cet angle d'attaque est fonction à la fois de l'angle d'inclinaison x et de l'angle que fait avec l'axe 32 la tangente à la surface extérieure du galet au point d'attaque, cet angle variant lui aussi au cours de l'avance du porte-galets compte tenu de la forme en tonneau des galets.At the start of this thrust, as indicated above, the piston 27 is extended to give the angle x a maximum value. As the lip is extruded, this angle is reduced, by progressive withdrawal of the piston, so that each roller constantly attacks the lip in formation at as small an angle as possible. It should be noted that this angle of attack is a function of both the angle of inclination x and the angle made with the axis 32 the tangent to the outer surface of the roller at the point of attack, this angle also varying during the advance of the roller carrier taking into account the barrel shape of the rollers.

On effectue plusieurs passes successives ; lorsque la température de l'ouverture en cours d'usinage descend jusqu'à une valeur basse prédéterminée, on fait pivoter la virole, on remet en place l'appareil 8, et on procède à un nouveau chauffage.Several successive passes are made; when the temperature of the opening during machining drops to a predetermined low value, the ferrule is pivoted, the device 8 is replaced, and a new heating is carried out.

Ce procédé permet d'obtenir la lèvre 3 en assurant la continuité des fibres du métal de la virole. En particulier, les zones hétérogènes centrales de l'épaisseur de la virole ne débouchent pas sur l'alésage, ce qui est favorable pour le comportement mécanique de l'ensemble. De plus, le raccordement par soudage de conduites à la virole s'effectue sur les lèvres 3, ce qui est avantageux du point de vue des contraintes subies par la virole.This process makes it possible to obtain the lip 3 while ensuring the continuity of the fibers of the metal of the ferrule. In particular, the central heterogeneous zones of the thickness of the shell do not lead to the bore, which is favorable for the mechanical behavior of the assembly. In addition, the connection by welding of pipes to the shell is made on the lips 3, which is advantageous from the point of view of the stresses undergone by the shell.

On remarque que pendant la dernière passe de formage, l'appareil 8 peut être mis en place en regard d'une autre ouverture 2 à usiner, comme représenté sur la Fig. 4, ce qui réduit la durée totale de fabrication de la virole.It is noted that during the last forming pass, the apparatus 8 can be put in place opposite another opening 2 to be machined, as shown in FIG. 4, which reduces the total manufacturing time of the shell.

En variante, on peut remplacer les galets 31 par des galets ayant une forme différente, en particulier une forme tronconique convergente vers l'extérieur. Dans ce cas, l'angle d'attaque des galets sur la lèvre en formation ne dépend que de l'inclinaison x des axes des galets.Alternatively, the rollers 31 can be replaced by rollers having a different shape, in particular a frustoconical shape converging towards the outside. In this case, the angle of attack of the rollers on the lip in formation depends only on the inclination x of the axes of the rollers.

Claims (10)

Procédé pour former une lèvre circulaire (3) autour d'une ouverture (2) d'une paroi, notamment d'une virole (1), de forte épaisseur, l'épaisseur de la lèvre étant relativement faible par rapport à celle de la paroi, du type dans lequel on usine un lamage (4) autour de l'ouverture, du côté opposé à la lèvre à réaliser, puis on repousse axialement contre une matrice, du côté opposé au lamage, le métal formant le fond de celui-ci, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue l'opération de repoussage au moyen d'au moins un galet (3) monté rotatif sur un axe (32) et entraîné en mouvement orbital autour de l'axe (X-X) de l'ouverture, l'angle que la surface d'attaque du galet forme avec cet axe étant progressivement réduit au cours d'au moins une partie de l'avance du galet.Method for forming a circular lip (3) around an opening (2) of a wall, in particular a ferrule (1), of great thickness, the thickness of the lip being relatively small compared to that of the wall, of the type in which a counterbore (4) is machined around the opening, on the side opposite to the lip to be produced, then it is pushed axially against a matrix, on the side opposite the counterbore, the metal forming the bottom thereof ci, characterized in that the pushing operation is carried out by means of at least one roller (3) rotatably mounted on an axis (32) and driven in orbital motion around the axis (XX) of the opening , the angle that the attack surface of the roller forms with this axis being progressively reduced during at least part of the advance of the roller. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite réduction d'angle est obtenue en réduisant l'angle (x) que l'axe (32) du galet (31) forme avec celui (X-X) de l'ouverture (2), et/ou grâce à un profil convexe du galet.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said angle reduction is obtained by reducing the angle (x) that the axis (32) of the roller (31) forms with that (XX) of the opening (2) , and / or thanks to a convex profile of the roller. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait agir simultanément plusieurs galets (31) régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe (X-X) de l'ouverture (2).Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that several rollers (31) are regularly acted regularly distributed around the axis (X-X) of the opening (2). Installation pour former une lèvre circulaire (3) autour d'une ouverture (2) d'une paroi, notamment d'une virole (1), de forte épaisseur, l'épaisseur de la lèvre étant relativement faible par rapport à celle de la paroi, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend : - un porte-galets (28) muni de moyens (17 à 19) de déplacement suivant son axe (Z-Z) ; - au moins un galet (31) monté rotatif sur un axe (32) qui est porté excentriquement par le porte-galets ; - des moyens (22, 25) pour entraîner le galet suivant un mouvement orbital autour de l'axe (Z-Z) du porte-galets ; et - des moyens ( 27 ) pour faire varier l'inclinaison (x) de l'axe (32) du galet par rapport à l'axe (Z-Z) du porte-galets. Installation for forming a circular lip (3) around an opening (2) of a wall, in particular a ferrule (1), of great thickness, the thickness of the lip being relatively small compared to that of the wall, characterized in that it comprises: - a roller carrier (28) provided with means (17 to 19) for displacement along its axis (ZZ); - at least one roller (31) rotatably mounted on an axis (32) which is carried eccentrically by the roller carrier; - Means (22, 25) for driving the roller in an orbital movement around the axis (ZZ) of the roller holder; and - Means (27) for varying the inclination (x) of the axis (32) of the roller relative to the axis (ZZ) of the roller holder. Installation suivant la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre une matrice d'appui (13) située en regard du porte-galets (28), le profil de cette matrice correspondant au profil extérieur de la lèvre (3) à réaliser.Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a support matrix (13) located opposite the roller carrier (28), the profile of this matrix corresponding to the external profile of the lip (3) to achieve. Installation suivant l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que le galet (31) a un profil en tonneau.Installation according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the roller (31) has a barrel profile. Installation suivant l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que le galet a un profil conique.Installation according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the roller has a conical profile. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le galet (31) est monté fou sur son axe (32), le porte-galets (28) étant muni de moyens (22, 25) d'entraînement en rotation autour de son axe (Z-Z).Installation according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the roller (31) is mounted idly on its axis (32), the roller holder (28) being provided with drive means (22, 25) rotating around its axis (ZZ). Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu plusieurs galets (31) régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe (Z-Z) du porte-galets (28), les axes (32) de tous les galets ayant la même inclinaison (x) par rapport à cet axe.Installation according to any one of Claims 4 to 8, characterized in that several rollers (31) are regularly provided around the axis (ZZ) of the roller holder (28), the axes (32) of all the rollers having the same inclination (x) relative to this axis. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, pour l'usinage d'une virole (1), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre des rouleaux (10) de support de la virole avec son axe (X-X) vertical, ces rouleaux étant répartis sur une circonférence (C) et orientés radialement par rapport à celle-ci.Installation according to any one of claims 4 to 9, for machining a ferrule (1), characterized in that it further comprises rollers (10) for supporting the ferrule with its axis (XX) vertical, these rollers being distributed over a circumference (C) and oriented radially with respect thereto.
EP91400409A 1990-03-06 1991-02-15 Method and apparatus for forming a circular lip around an opening Expired - Lifetime EP0446089B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9002817A FR2659481A1 (en) 1990-03-06 1990-03-06 METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR FORMING A CIRCULAR LIPSTICK AROUND AN OPENING.
FR9002817 1990-03-06

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EP0446089A1 true EP0446089A1 (en) 1991-09-11
EP0446089B1 EP0446089B1 (en) 1994-05-18

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US (1) US5129249A (en)
EP (1) EP0446089B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2806644B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100220308B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE105745T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ285565B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69101994T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2659481A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2004368C1 (en)
SK (1) SK280029B6 (en)

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EP0752289A2 (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-01-08 Enami Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Branch pipe forming tool and method of forming branch pipe on metal tube with the tool
GB2322819A (en) * 1997-03-03 1998-09-09 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Method for improving fatigue strength in branch hole part
US6000263A (en) * 1995-06-05 1999-12-14 Enami Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Branch pipe forming tool and method of forming branch pipe on metal tube with the tool
CN101804560A (en) * 2010-03-17 2010-08-18 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备有限公司 Processing method of safety injection tank tube nozzle

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US5599472A (en) * 1991-04-05 1997-02-04 The Boeing Company Resealable retort for induction processing of organic matrix composites or metals
US7610786B2 (en) * 2004-12-21 2009-11-03 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Apparatus for forming microscopic recesses on a cylindrical bore surface and method of forming the microscopic recesses on the cylindrical bore surface by using the apparatus
DE102018112845A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 ATG Automations-Technik Gröditz GmbH & Co. KG Generation of a departure on a hollow body

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US3151657A (en) * 1961-03-22 1964-10-06 United Sheet Metal Co Inc Sheet metal forming machines
FR1572835A (en) * 1968-06-25 1969-06-27
FR2337600A1 (en) * 1976-01-09 1977-08-05 Creusot Loire PROCEDURE AND INSTALLATION FOR MANUFACTURING A WAITING TUBING ON A VERY VERY THICKNESS WALL
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0752289A2 (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-01-08 Enami Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Branch pipe forming tool and method of forming branch pipe on metal tube with the tool
EP0752289A3 (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-11-26 Enami Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Branch pipe forming tool and method of forming branch pipe on metal tube with the tool
US5943773A (en) * 1995-06-05 1999-08-31 Enami Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Branch pipe forming tool and method of forming branch pipe on metal tube with the tool
US6000263A (en) * 1995-06-05 1999-12-14 Enami Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Branch pipe forming tool and method of forming branch pipe on metal tube with the tool
GB2322819A (en) * 1997-03-03 1998-09-09 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk Method for improving fatigue strength in branch hole part
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CN101804560A (en) * 2010-03-17 2010-08-18 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备有限公司 Processing method of safety injection tank tube nozzle
CN101804560B (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-05-09 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备股份有限公司 Processing method of safety injection tank tube nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5129249A (en) 1992-07-14
KR100220308B1 (en) 1999-09-15
JP2806644B2 (en) 1998-09-30
CZ285565B6 (en) 1999-09-15
DE69101994T2 (en) 1994-11-03
EP0446089B1 (en) 1994-05-18
FR2659481B1 (en) 1994-04-22
ATE105745T1 (en) 1994-06-15
JPH04224026A (en) 1992-08-13
DE69101994D1 (en) 1994-06-23
FR2659481A1 (en) 1991-09-13
CS9100583A3 (en) 1991-10-15
SK280029B6 (en) 1999-07-12
RU2004368C1 (en) 1993-12-15

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