EP0442835A1 - Method and device for forming wire bobbins - Google Patents

Method and device for forming wire bobbins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0442835A1
EP0442835A1 EP91470003A EP91470003A EP0442835A1 EP 0442835 A1 EP0442835 A1 EP 0442835A1 EP 91470003 A EP91470003 A EP 91470003A EP 91470003 A EP91470003 A EP 91470003A EP 0442835 A1 EP0442835 A1 EP 0442835A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turns
well
electromagnets
force
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91470003A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0442835B1 (en
Inventor
André Faessel
Jean-Pierre Mazzocco
Claude Pochon
Jean-Claude Valetti
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Unimetal SA
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Unimetal SA
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Publication of EP0442835A1 publication Critical patent/EP0442835A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C47/00—Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
    • B21C47/02—Winding-up or coiling
    • B21C47/10—Winding-up or coiling by means of a moving guide
    • B21C47/14—Winding-up or coiling by means of a moving guide by means of a rotating guide, e.g. laying the material around a stationary reel or drum
    • B21C47/146—Controlling or influencing the laying pattern of the coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C47/00—Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only
    • B21C47/02—Winding-up or coiling
    • B21C47/10—Winding-up or coiling by means of a moving guide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for forming a coil of metal wire, in particular steel, of the type according to which preformed turns of said wire are dropped in a formation well, having a cylindrical wall with a vertical axis, and of internal diameter greater than the diameter of the turns and in which said turns accumulate to form the coil.
  • Devices of this type are notably used in installations for rolling metal wires to form coils which are then compacted and tied.
  • the wire is preformed into turns which are then arranged substantially flat and overlapping one on the other on a generally provided cooling conveyor, during the displacement of which the wire turns are cooled.
  • the wire turns fall one after the other in a well with a cylindrical wall and a vertical axis, of diameter slightly greater than that of the turns, where they stack to form a coil which is then extracted from the well to be compacted and bound before storage or use.
  • the turns although partially guided by an axial warhead placed inside the well, tend to deposit one on top of the other in a disorderly manner. It follows that the height of the coil thus formed is much greater than if the turns were well ordered.
  • the coils are then compacted, by exerting an axial pressure on them.
  • the turns being arranged in a disorderly manner, the wires cross in many places, and during compaction wire the risk of injury at these crossings is important.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve these problems and to propose a system for forming a coil which makes it possible to order the arrangement of the turns, to reduce the size of the coils and to avoid injuries to the wire.
  • the invention relates to a method of forming coils of wire of the type indicated at the beginning of this thesis, this method being characterized in that during the fall of the turns in the well, one exercises on these a radial force of attraction of the turns towards the wall of the well, the direction of this force being animated by a rotational movement around the axis of the well.
  • the invention also relates to a device for forming coils of metal wire previously shaped into turns, comprising a well for forming the coil having a cylindrical wall with a vertical axis.
  • the device is characterized in that it comprises means for exerting on said turns a centrifugal radial force animated by a rotational movement around the axis of the well.
  • the method and the device according to the invention make it possible to order the arrangement of the turns in the coil being formed, so that they are arranged in superimposed layers, the turns of each layer being angularly offset from each other.
  • each turn, or group of turns is substantially in contact with the wall of the well at a point and the respective contact points of two successive turns, or groups of turns, are regularly offset circumferentially.
  • the proliferation of turns is thus optimized during the formation of the coils. This results in a substantial gain, at constant wire length, on the height of the coils and therefore on the size thereof.
  • the turns being regularly arranged in the coils these hold better and are less likely to deform during handling. Since the coils thus formed are more compact, the subsequent compaction operations can be reduced or even eliminated, which can lead to the elimination of the compactors and therefore to the reduction of the time and cost of manufacture, or at least to the reduction of the risk. wire injury during compaction.
  • the method is applied to the formation of coils of metal wire which can be attracted by a magnet, and the force of attraction of the turns is generated by a rotating magnetic field, this magnetic field preferably being generated by inductors such as electromagnets regularly distributed around the periphery of the formation well and supplied cyclically with direct current.
  • the cyclic attraction of the metal turns towards the wall of the coil formation well can be carried out in a very simple manner without mechanical organs intervening inside the well.
  • the use of a magnetic field generated by electromagnets also makes it possible to easily adjust the intensity of the attraction force as well as the speed of rotation of the rotating field as a function of the diameter of the wire, the dimensions of the turns, and the speed of the conveyor for transporting the turns and also the speed of fall of the turns in the well.
  • electromagnets placed outside the well makes it possible to easily adapt the method according to the invention to existing installations, without significant modifications to the well, only the wall of the well at the height of the electromagnets having to be produced in a non-magnetic material.
  • Electromagnets 5, five in number in the example shown, are distributed circumferentially at the periphery of the intermediate ferrule 4 on which they are fixed.
  • the height of the electromagnets 5 is slightly less than that of the intermediate ferrule 4, so that substantially all of the lines of the magnetic field created by the electromagnets in operation pass through said intermediate ferrule.
  • a horizontal plate 6 movable vertically, its upper position being located at the level of the intermediate ferrule 4.
  • This plate is intended to support the coil 7, and is gradually lowered so that the upper part of the coil being formed remains permanently in the action zone of the field created by the electromagnets 5.
  • the device is shown at the start of training, the coil 7 then being formed only by a few turns of the wire 10 deposited on the plate 6 in the high position.
  • the plate 6 is annular and surrounds a central mandrel 8 which ends upwardly with a warhead 9 intended to provide additional guidance of the turns 10 of wire when they fall into the well 1 and in particular to prevent the turns falling obliquely and disrupt the formation of the coil.
  • the warhead 9 which is located at the level of the intermediate shell 4 is preferably made of non-magnetic material. This warhead is however not essential, in particular when winding large diameter wire, because the implementation of the method according to the invention has the effect of guiding the fall of the turns and of ordering their positioning in the coil. .
  • the electromagnets 5 are arranged "horizontally", that is to say so that the general direction of the field lines which extend between the two poles of the same electromagnet is in a horizontal plane.
  • the electromagnets can be shaped according to the schematic representation of FIG. 3, the magnetic yoke of these having a U shape and the poles formed by the ends of the branches of the U extend vertically over a height slightly less than that of the non-magnetic ferrule 4 and are attached to the outer surface thereof.
  • the electromagnets 5 and their means for supplying electric current are determined so that the effect on the turns of the field which each electromagnet generates, is essentially located in the part of the annular zone comprised between the intermediate ferrule 4 and the warhead 9 and located opposite said electromagnet.
  • the internal diameter of the well is greater than that of the turns.
  • the diameter of the well is 1150 mm and that of the turns about 1050 mm.
  • Each turn therefore has a possible horizontal clearance inside the well of approximately 100 mm.
  • the coil (s) in the process of falling which are at the height of the intermediate ferrule 4 may therefore be distant from the wall of this ferrule situated opposite said electromagnet by approximately 100 mm, or even more to account for the fact that the turns can be tilted relative to the horizontal.
  • the depth of penetration of the magnetic field into the well will have to be adapted in particular as a function of the diameters of the well and of the turns, and also as a function of the presence or absence of the warhead and of the diameter thereof. this.
  • the device comprises means, not shown, for cyclically supplying the electromagnets 5 with direct current.
  • These means make it possible to power the electromagnets according to several different cycles.
  • the electromagnets are respectively identified by the letters a, b, c, d, e
  • the direction of rotation can also be reversed.
  • the plate 6 is brought into its upper position shown in FIG. 1, at the height of the intermediate shell 4.
  • the first turns 10 fall into the well 1 and fall on the plate 6. It is specified that in the case where the device is adapted to an installation of the type described in the document FR 2 105 309 cited above, and to which reference will be made for possible additional information, the first turns can be deposited on retractable fingers which penetrate into the well and ensure the support of the coil awaiting return to the high position of the plate, these fingers then disappearing to allow the coil during formation to come to rest on the plate.
  • the wire turns are attracted by the electromagnets 5 and, due to the cyclic supply of these which creates a rotation of the magnetic field, the turns are distributed circumferentially in partial overlap as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the descent of the plate 6 is controlled so that the upper part of the coil being formed remains at the intermediate shell and thus remains subject to the action of the magnetic field.
  • the descent of the platform so to maintain the upper part of the coil near the bottom of the zone of influence of the electromagnets.
  • the field will have a predominant effect on the turns during the fall, the necessary attraction force of said turns then being relatively low.
  • the field will however still have an effect on the turns which have just deposited which will make it possible to avoid the possible displacement of them which could result for example from the elasticity of the turns.
  • the underlying turns being out of the field are not likely to move due to the pressure exerted on them by the upper turns.
  • the plate When all the turns are removed and the reel formed, the plate is lowered to the low position and the reel is evacuated.
  • the height of the coil is significantly reduced compared to that of the coils produced according to the prior art, in which the turns were distributed without any regularity. by randomly overlapping.
  • each electromagnet is supplied with direct current and operates at around 40,000 ampere-turns in the winding. Five electromagnets are used and successively supplied the created field rotating at a speed of about 0.25 revolutions per second.
  • the speed of rotation of the field can vary within large proportions, in particular as a function of the electromagnet supply cycle chosen, characteristics dimensions of the wire and the speed of fall of the turns. It also depends on the build-up time of the electromagnets, which implies a minimum supply time for them so that the magnetic field created can produce a sufficient attraction effect on the turns.
  • the electromagnets are preferably placed so that the adjacent poles of two neighboring electromagnets have the same polarity.
  • the invention is not limited to the device and to the method described above by way of example.
  • the number of magnets can be modified and these can be arranged so that the adjacent poles of two adjacent electromagnets are of the same polarity, or of reverse polarity. It will be noted that in the case of adjacent poles of the same polarity, the number of magnets will preferably be even to avoid a discontinuity in the distribution of the poles.
  • the rotating magnetic field can also be generated by any means known to a person skilled in the art in the field of electromagnetism using for example polyphase inductors or a yoke and windings similar to those of an electric motor stator, supplied with direct current or not.
  • the magnetic field may also be exerted over a greater or lesser height and at a level more or less close to the upper end of the well, the respective heights of the intermediate or upper ferrules being adapted accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Unwinding Of Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)

Abstract

According to this method, preformed turns (10) of the said wire are dropped into a forming pit (1) which has a substantially cylindrical wall with a vertical axis, where they are superposed in order to form a bobbin (7). As the turns (10) fall, a radial force of attraction towards the wall of the pit (1) is exerted on them, the direction of this force being stimulated by a movement of rotation about the axis of the pit. The attraction force is preferably generated by a rotating magnetic field. To this end, the device comprises means for exerting, on the turns (10), the said force stimulated by a rotational movement comprising inductors, such as electromagnets (5), uniformly distributed at the periphery of the pit and means for cyclically supplying these electromagnets with direct current. <??>The invention applies to the forming of wire bobbins in magnetic metal, particularly steel. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de formation d'une bobine de fil métallique, notamment en acier, du type selon lequel on fait chuter des spires préformées dudit fil dans un puits de formation, ayant une paroi cylindrique d'axe vertical, et de diamètre interne supérieur au diamètre des spires et dans lequel lesdites spires s'accumulent pour former la bobine.The present invention relates to a method and a device for forming a coil of metal wire, in particular steel, of the type according to which preformed turns of said wire are dropped in a formation well, having a cylindrical wall with a vertical axis, and of internal diameter greater than the diameter of the turns and in which said turns accumulate to form the coil.

Des dispositifs de ce type sont notamment utilisés dans les installations de laminage de fils metalliques pour former des bobines qui sont ensuite compactées et liées. Dans de telles installations, après laminage, le fil est préformé en spires qui sont ensuite disposées sensiblement à plat et en recouvrement l'une sur l'autre sur un convoyeur de refroidissement généralement prévu, pendant le déplacement duquel les spires de fil sont refroidies.Devices of this type are notably used in installations for rolling metal wires to form coils which are then compacted and tied. In such installations, after rolling, the wire is preformed into turns which are then arranged substantially flat and overlapping one on the other on a generally provided cooling conveyor, during the displacement of which the wire turns are cooled.

A l'extrémité du convoyeur, les spires de fil chutent l'une après l'autre dans un puits à paroi cylindrique et à axe vertical, de diamètre légèrement supérieur à celui des spires, où elles s'empilent pour former une bobine qui est ensuite extraite du puits pour être compactée et liée avant stockage ou utilisation.At the end of the conveyor, the wire turns fall one after the other in a well with a cylindrical wall and a vertical axis, of diameter slightly greater than that of the turns, where they stack to form a coil which is then extracted from the well to be compacted and bound before storage or use.

Une telle installation est notamment décrite dans les documents FR-A-1 383 950 ; FR-A-2 057 934 et FR-A-2 105 309.Such an installation is described in particular in documents FR-A-1 383 950; FR-A-2 057 934 and FR-A-2 105 309.

Dans de telles installations, les spires, bien que partiellement guidées par une ogive axiale placée à l'intérieur du puits, ont tendance à se déposer les unes sur les autres de manière désordonnée. Il en résulte que la hauteur de la bobine ainsi formée est beaucoup plus importante que si les spires étaient bien ordonnées.In such installations, the turns, although partially guided by an axial warhead placed inside the well, tend to deposit one on top of the other in a disorderly manner. It follows that the height of the coil thus formed is much greater than if the turns were well ordered.

Ainsi que cela a été dit précédemment, les bobines sont ensuite compactées, en exerçant une pression axiale sur celles-ci. Les spires étant disposées de manière désordonnée, les fils se croisent en de nombreux endroits, et lors du compactage du fil le risque de blessure au niveau de ces croisements est important.As mentioned above, the coils are then compacted, by exerting an axial pressure on them. The turns being arranged in a disorderly manner, the wires cross in many places, and during compaction wire the risk of injury at these crossings is important.

La présente invention a pour but de résoudre ces problèmes et de proposer un système de formation de bobine qui permette d'ordonner la disposition des spires, de réduire l'encombrement des bobines et d'éviter les blessures du fil.The object of the present invention is to solve these problems and to propose a system for forming a coil which makes it possible to order the arrangement of the turns, to reduce the size of the coils and to avoid injuries to the wire.

Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de formation de bobines de fil du type indiqué au début de ce mémoire, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que au cours de la chute des spires dans le puits, on exerce sur celles-ci une force radiale d'attraction des spires vers la paroi du puits, la direction de cette force étant animée d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe du puits.With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a method of forming coils of wire of the type indicated at the beginning of this thesis, this method being characterized in that during the fall of the turns in the well, one exercises on these a radial force of attraction of the turns towards the wall of the well, the direction of this force being animated by a rotational movement around the axis of the well.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un dispositif de formation de bobines de fil métallique préalablement conformé en spires, comprenant un puits de formation de la bobine ayant une paroi cylindrique d'axe vertical. Selon l'invention le dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens pour exercer sur lesdites spires une force radiale centrifuge animée d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe du puits.The invention also relates to a device for forming coils of metal wire previously shaped into turns, comprising a well for forming the coil having a cylindrical wall with a vertical axis. According to the invention, the device is characterized in that it comprises means for exerting on said turns a centrifugal radial force animated by a rotational movement around the axis of the well.

Comme on l'aura sans doute déjà compris, le procédé et le dispositif selon l'invention permettent d'ordonner l'arrangement des spires dans la bobine en cours de formation, de manière qu'elles soient disposées en couches superposées, les spires de chaque couche étant angulairement décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre. Autrement dit chaque spire, ou groupe de spires, est sensiblement en contact avec la paroi du puits en un point et les points de contact respectifs de deux spires, ou groupes de spires, successives sont régulièrement décalés circonférentiellement. Le foisonnement des spires est ainsi optimisé lors de la formation des bobines. Il en résulte un gain substantiel, à longueur de fil constant, sur la hauteur des bobines et donc sur l'encombrement de celles-ci. De plus, les spires étant régulièrement arrangées dans les bobines, celles-ci ont une meilleure tenue, et risquent moins de se déformer lors de leur manutention. Les bobines ainsi formées étant plus compactes, les opérations ultérieures de compactage peuvent être réduites, voire supprimées ce qui peut conduire à la suppression des compacteurs et donc à la réduction du temps et du coût de fabrication, ou tout au moins à la diminution du risque de blessure du fil lors du compactage.As will no doubt have already been understood, the method and the device according to the invention make it possible to order the arrangement of the turns in the coil being formed, so that they are arranged in superimposed layers, the turns of each layer being angularly offset from each other. In other words, each turn, or group of turns, is substantially in contact with the wall of the well at a point and the respective contact points of two successive turns, or groups of turns, are regularly offset circumferentially. The proliferation of turns is thus optimized during the formation of the coils. This results in a substantial gain, at constant wire length, on the height of the coils and therefore on the size thereof. In addition, the turns being regularly arranged in the coils, these hold better and are less likely to deform during handling. Since the coils thus formed are more compact, the subsequent compaction operations can be reduced or even eliminated, which can lead to the elimination of the compactors and therefore to the reduction of the time and cost of manufacture, or at least to the reduction of the risk. wire injury during compaction.

Selon une disposition particulière de l'invention, le procédé est appliqué à la formation de bobines de fil en métal pouvant être attiré par un aimant, et la force d'attraction des spires est générée par un champ magnétique tournant, ce champ magnétique étant préférentiellement engendré par des inducteurs tels que des électroaimants régulièrement répartis à la périphérie du puits de formation et alimentés cycliquement en courant continu.According to a particular arrangement of the invention, the method is applied to the formation of coils of metal wire which can be attracted by a magnet, and the force of attraction of the turns is generated by a rotating magnetic field, this magnetic field preferably being generated by inductors such as electromagnets regularly distributed around the periphery of the formation well and supplied cyclically with direct current.

Grâce à cette disposition, l'attraction cyclique des spires de métal vers la paroi du puits de formation de la bobine peut être réalisée de manière très simple sans organes mécaniques intervenant à l'intérieur du puits. L'utilisation d'un champ magnétique engendré par des électroaimants permet par ailleurs de régler aisément l'intensité de la force d'attraction ainsi que la vitesse de rotation du champ tournant en fonction du diamètre du fil, des dimensions des spires, et de la vitesse du convoyeur de transport des spires et aussi de la vitesse de chute des spires dans le puits.Thanks to this arrangement, the cyclic attraction of the metal turns towards the wall of the coil formation well can be carried out in a very simple manner without mechanical organs intervening inside the well. The use of a magnetic field generated by electromagnets also makes it possible to easily adjust the intensity of the attraction force as well as the speed of rotation of the rotating field as a function of the diameter of the wire, the dimensions of the turns, and the speed of the conveyor for transporting the turns and also the speed of fall of the turns in the well.

De plus l'utilisation d'électroaimants placés à l'extérieur du puits permet d'adapter aisément le procédé selon l'invention sur des installations existantes, sans modifications importantes du puits, seule la paroi du puits à hauteur des électroaimants devant être réalisée en un matériau amagnétique.In addition, the use of electromagnets placed outside the well makes it possible to easily adapt the method according to the invention to existing installations, without significant modifications to the well, only the wall of the well at the height of the electromagnets having to be produced in a non-magnetic material.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description qui va être faite à titre d'exemple d'un dispositif et du procédé selon l'invention appliqués à la formation de bobines de fil d'acier en fin de ligne d'un train de laminage de fil.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear in the description which will be given by way of example of a device and method according to the invention applied to the formation of coils of steel wire at the end of line of a wire rolling train.

On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique en coupe axiale d'un dispositif de formation de bobine conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus de ce dispositif ;
  • la figure 3 est une autre vue de dessus représentant schématiquement une disposition particulière des électroaimants.
Reference is made to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation in axial section of a coil forming device according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a top view of this device;
  • Figure 3 is another top view schematically showing a particular arrangement of the electromagnets.

Le dispositif représenté aux figures 1 et 2 comporte un puits 1 de formation de bobines de fil en acier dont la paroi est cylindrique d'axe vertical. Cette paroi comprend :

  • une virole supérieure 2, dont la partie supérieure peut être légèrement évasée pour former un réceptacle pour des spires de fil 10 qui y sont amenées par le convoyeur 11 entraîné selon la flèche 12 et sur lequel le fil est disposé en spires 10′ sensiblement à plat et en recouvrement partiel ;
  • une virole inférieure 3 qui sert de guide et de maintien pour la bobine de fil formée, et est pourvue de moyens non représentés permettant d'extraire la bobine du puits ;
  • une virole intermédiaire 4 en matériau amagnétique.
The device shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes a well 1 for forming coils of steel wire whose wall is cylindrical with a vertical axis. This wall includes:
  • an upper ferrule 2, the upper part of which can be slightly flared to form a receptacle for turns of wire 10 which are brought there by the conveyor 11 driven according to arrow 12 and on which the wire is arranged in turns 10 ′ substantially flat and in partial recovery;
  • a lower ferrule 3 which serves as a guide and support for the spool of wire formed, and is provided with means not shown enabling the spool to be extracted from the well;
  • an intermediate ferrule 4 made of non-magnetic material.

Des électroaimants 5, au nombre de cinq dans l'exemple représenté, sont répartis circonférentiellement à la périphérie de la virole intermédiaire 4 sur laquelle ils sont fixés. La hauteur des électroaimants 5 est légèrement inférieure à celle de la virole intermédiaire 4, de sorte que sensiblement toutes les lignes du champ magnétique crée par les électroaimants en fonctionnement traversent ladite virole intermédiaire.Electromagnets 5, five in number in the example shown, are distributed circumferentially at the periphery of the intermediate ferrule 4 on which they are fixed. The height of the electromagnets 5 is slightly less than that of the intermediate ferrule 4, so that substantially all of the lines of the magnetic field created by the electromagnets in operation pass through said intermediate ferrule.

A l'intérieur du puits 1 se trouve un plateau horizontal 6 mobile verticalement, sa position supérieure étant située au niveau de la virole intermédiaire 4. Ce plateau est destiné à supporter la bobine 7, et s'abaisse progressivement de manière que la partie supérieure de la bobine en cours de formation reste en permanence dans la zone d'action du champ créé par les électroaimants 5. Sur la figure 1, le dispositif est représenté au début de la formation, la bobine 7 n'étant alors constituée que par quelques spires du fil 10 déposées sur le plateau 6 en position haute.Inside the well 1 there is a horizontal plate 6 movable vertically, its upper position being located at the level of the intermediate ferrule 4. This plate is intended to support the coil 7, and is gradually lowered so that the upper part of the coil being formed remains permanently in the action zone of the field created by the electromagnets 5. In FIG. 1, the device is shown at the start of training, the coil 7 then being formed only by a few turns of the wire 10 deposited on the plate 6 in the high position.

Le plateau 6 est annulaire et entoure un mandrin central 8 qui se termine vers le haut par une ogive 9 destinée à assurer un guidage complémentaire des spires 10 de fil lors de leur chute dans le puits 1 et notamment à éviter que les spires tombent en biais et perturbent la formation de la bobine. L'ogive 9 qui se trouve à hauteur de la virole intermédiaire 4 est préférentiellement réalisée en matériau amagnétique. Cette ogive n'est toutefois pas indispensable, notamment lors du bobinage de fil de gros diamètre, du fait que la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention a pour effet de guider la chute des spires et d'ordonner leur positionnement dans la bobine.The plate 6 is annular and surrounds a central mandrel 8 which ends upwardly with a warhead 9 intended to provide additional guidance of the turns 10 of wire when they fall into the well 1 and in particular to prevent the turns falling obliquely and disrupt the formation of the coil. The warhead 9 which is located at the level of the intermediate shell 4 is preferably made of non-magnetic material. This warhead is however not essential, in particular when winding large diameter wire, because the implementation of the method according to the invention has the effect of guiding the fall of the turns and of ordering their positioning in the coil. .

Selon la disposition représentée à la figure 3, les électraimants 5 sont disposés "horizontalement", c'est-à-dire de manière que la direction générale des lignes de champ qui s'étendent entre les deux pôles d'un même électroaimant se trouve dans un plan horizontal. A cet effet les électroaimants peuvent être conformés selon la représentation schématique de la figure 3, la culasse magnétique de ceux-ci ayant une forme en U et les pôles formés par les extrémités des branches du U s'étendent verticalement sur une hauteur légèrement inférieure à celle de la virole amagnétique 4 et sont accolés à la surface extérieure de celle-ci.According to the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the electromagnets 5 are arranged "horizontally", that is to say so that the general direction of the field lines which extend between the two poles of the same electromagnet is in a horizontal plane. For this purpose the electromagnets can be shaped according to the schematic representation of FIG. 3, the magnetic yoke of these having a U shape and the poles formed by the ends of the branches of the U extend vertically over a height slightly less than that of the non-magnetic ferrule 4 and are attached to the outer surface thereof.

En variante, il est possible de disposer les électroaimants "verticalement", c'est-à-dire de manière que les lignes de champ aient une direction générale verticale.As a variant, it is possible to arrange the electromagnets "vertically", that is to say so that the field lines have a general vertical direction.

Les électroaimants 5 et leurs moyens d'alimentation en courant électrique sont déterminés de manière que l'effet sur les spires du champ que chaque électroaimant génère, soit essentiellement localisé dans la partie de la zone annulaire comprise entre la virole intermédiaire 4 et l'ogive 9 et située en regard dudit électroaimant.The electromagnets 5 and their means for supplying electric current are determined so that the effect on the turns of the field which each electromagnet generates, is essentially located in the part of the annular zone comprised between the intermediate ferrule 4 and the warhead 9 and located opposite said electromagnet.

Autrement dit, la force d'attraction exercée par un électroaimant sur la ou les spires qui se trouvent à son niveau au moment où il est alimenté en courant électrique ne s'exerce que sur la portion d'arc de cette ou de ces spires la plus proche dudit électroaimant.In other words, the attractive force exerted by an electromagnet on the turn or turns which are at its level when it is supplied with electric current is exerted only on the arc portion of this or these turn closer to said electromagnet.

Il est rappelé que dans ce type d'installation, le diamètre intérieur du puits est supérieur à celui des spires. Par exemple, le diamètre du puits est de 1150 mm et celui des spires d'environ 1050 mm. Chaque spire a donc un débattement horizontal possible à l'intérieur du puits d'environ 100 mm. Lorsqu'un des électroaimants est excité, la ou les spires en cours de chute qui se trouvent à hauteur de la virole intermédiaire 4 peuvent donc se trouver éloignées de la paroi de cette virole située en regard dudit électroaimant d'environ 100 mm, ou même plus pour tenir compte du fait que les spires peuvent être inclinées par rapport à l'horizontale. Pour que ces spires soient soumises à l'attraction exercée par cet électroaimant il est nécessaire que le champ généré par celui-ci pénètre à l'intérieur du puits sur une profondeur au moins égale à cette distance soit, dans le cas exemplifié ci-dessus, d'environ 150 mm.It is recalled that in this type of installation, the internal diameter of the well is greater than that of the turns. For example, the diameter of the well is 1150 mm and that of the turns about 1050 mm. Each turn therefore has a possible horizontal clearance inside the well of approximately 100 mm. When one of the electromagnets is excited, the coil (s) in the process of falling which are at the height of the intermediate ferrule 4 may therefore be distant from the wall of this ferrule situated opposite said electromagnet by approximately 100 mm, or even more to account for the fact that the turns can be tilted relative to the horizontal. In order for these turns to be subjected to the attraction exerted by this electromagnet it is necessary that the field generated by it penetrates inside the well over a depth at least equal to this distance, that is, in the case exemplified above. , about 150 mm.

On comprendra aisément que la profondeur de pénétration du champ magnétique dans le puits devra être adaptée notamment en fonction des diamètres du puits et des spires, et aussi en fonction de la présence ou de l'absence de l'ogive et du diamètre de celle-ci.It will be readily understood that the depth of penetration of the magnetic field into the well will have to be adapted in particular as a function of the diameters of the well and of the turns, and also as a function of the presence or absence of the warhead and of the diameter thereof. this.

Par ailleurs, afin de provoquer la rotation du champ magnétique autour de l'axe du puits, le dispositif comporte des moyens non représentés pour alimenter cycliquement les électroaimants 5 en courant continu. Ces moyens permettent d'alimenter les électroaimants suivant plusieurs cycles différents. Par exemple, en se référant à la figure 3 ou les électroaimants sont respectivement repérés par les lettres a, b, c, d, e, on pourra alimenter un seul électroaimant à la fois et réaliser un cycle d'alimentation dans l'ordre a, b, c, d, e, a... ou dans l'ordre a, c, e, b, d, a... On pourra également alimenter simultanément deux électroaimants, voisins de préférence, par exemple selon l'un des cycles suivants :Furthermore, in order to cause the magnetic field to rotate around the axis of the well, the device comprises means, not shown, for cyclically supplying the electromagnets 5 with direct current. These means make it possible to power the electromagnets according to several different cycles. For example, with reference to FIG. 3 where the electromagnets are respectively identified by the letters a, b, c, d, e, it is possible to supply only one electromagnet at a time and carry out a supply cycle in the order a , b , c , d , e , a ... or in the order a, c, e, b, d, a ... It is also possible to simultaneously power two electromagnets, preferably neighbors, for example according to one of the following cycles:

a+b, c+d, e+a, b+c, d+e,...a + b, c + d, e + a, b + c, d + e, ...

a+b, b+c, c+d, d+e, e+a,...
ou encore a+c, b+d, c+e, d+a, e+b, ...a + b, b + c, c + d, d + e, e + a, ...
or a + c, b + d, c + e, d + a, e + b, ...

Le sens de rotation peut également être inversé.The direction of rotation can also be reversed.

On va maintenant décrire la mise en oeuvre du dispositif pour la formation d'une bobine. Avant l'arrivée des premières spires transportées par le convoyeur 11, les électroaimants 5 sont alimentés selon l'un des cycles préalablement déterminés.We will now describe the implementation of the device for the formation of a coil. Before the arrival of the first turns transported by the conveyor 11, the electromagnets 5 are supplied according to one of the previously determined cycles.

Le plateau 6 est amené dans sa position supérieure représentée à la figure 1, à hauteur de la virole intermédiaire 4. Les premières spires 10 chutent dans le puits 1 et tombent sur le plateau 6. Il est précisé que dans le cas où le dispositif est adapté sur une installation du type de celle décrite dans le document FR 2 105 309 précité, et auquel on se reportera pour d'éventuels compléments d'informations, les premières spires peuvent se déposer sur des doigts rétractables qui pénétrent dans le puits et assurent le soutien de la bobine en attente du retour en position haute du plateau, ces doigts s'effaçant alors pour permettre à la bobine en cours de formation de venir reposer sur le plateau.The plate 6 is brought into its upper position shown in FIG. 1, at the height of the intermediate shell 4. The first turns 10 fall into the well 1 and fall on the plate 6. It is specified that in the case where the device is adapted to an installation of the type described in the document FR 2 105 309 cited above, and to which reference will be made for possible additional information, the first turns can be deposited on retractable fingers which penetrate into the well and ensure the support of the coil awaiting return to the high position of the plate, these fingers then disappearing to allow the coil during formation to come to rest on the plate.

Lors de leur chute, les spires de fil sont attirés par les électroaimants 5 et, du fait de l'alimentation cyclique de ceux-ci qui crée une rotation du champ magnétique, les spires se répartissent circonférentiellement en chevauchement partiel ainsi que cela est représenté à la figure 2. Au fur et à mesure du dépôt des spires et donc de l'accroissement de la hauteur de la bobine, la descente du plateau 6 est commandée de manière que la partie supérieure de la bobine en cours de formation demeure au niveau de la virole intermédiaire et reste ainsi soumise à l'action du champ magnétique.When they fall, the wire turns are attracted by the electromagnets 5 and, due to the cyclic supply of these which creates a rotation of the magnetic field, the turns are distributed circumferentially in partial overlap as shown in FIG. 2. As the coils are deposited and therefore as the height of the coil is increased, the descent of the plate 6 is controlled so that the upper part of the coil being formed remains at the intermediate shell and thus remains subject to the action of the magnetic field.

De préférence, on réglera la descente du plateau de manière à maintenir la partie supérieure de la bobine à proximité du bas de la zone d'influence des électroaimants. De la sorte le champ aura un effet prépondérant sur les spires en cours de chute, l'effort d'attraction nécessaire desdites spires étant alors relativement faible. Le champ aura cependant encore un effet sur les spires qui viennent juste de se déposer ce qui permettra d'éviter l'éventuel déplacement de r-elles-ci qui pourrait résulter par exemple de l'élasticité des spires. Les spires sous-jacentes se trouvant hors du champ, ne risquent cependant pas de se déplacer du fait de la pression exercée sur celles-ci par les spires supérieures.Preferably, we will adjust the descent of the platform so to maintain the upper part of the coil near the bottom of the zone of influence of the electromagnets. In this way the field will have a predominant effect on the turns during the fall, the necessary attraction force of said turns then being relatively low. The field will however still have an effect on the turns which have just deposited which will make it possible to avoid the possible displacement of them which could result for example from the elasticity of the turns. The underlying turns being out of the field, however, are not likely to move due to the pressure exerted on them by the upper turns.

Lorsque toutes les spires sont déposées et la bobine constituée, le plateau est descendu en position basse et la bobine est évacuée.When all the turns are removed and the reel formed, the plate is lowered to the low position and the reel is evacuated.

Comme on l'aura compris, c'est grâce à l'arrangement régulier des spires que la hauteur de la bobine se trouve notablement réduite par rapport à celles des bobines réalisées selon l'Art antérieur, dans lesquelles les spires se répartissaient sans aucune régularité en se superposant aléatoirement.As will be understood, it is thanks to the regular arrangement of the turns that the height of the coil is significantly reduced compared to that of the coils produced according to the prior art, in which the turns were distributed without any regularity. by randomly overlapping.

A titre d'exemple, dans le cas de l'installation décrite ci-dessus, utilisée en aval d'un laminoir produisant du fil de diamètre 5,5 mm préformé en spires de diamètre 1050 mm chutant dans le puits à une vitesse de l'ordre de 25 spires/seconde, chaque électroaimant est alimenté en courant continu et fonctionne sous environ 40 000 Ampère-tours dans le bobinage. Cinq électroaimants sont utilisés et alimentés successivement le champ créé tournant à une vitesse d'environ 0,25 tours par seconde.By way of example, in the case of the installation described above, used downstream of a rolling mill producing wire of diameter 5.5 mm preformed into turns of diameter 1050 mm dropping into the well at a speed of l '' order of 25 turns / second, each electromagnet is supplied with direct current and operates at around 40,000 ampere-turns in the winding. Five electromagnets are used and successively supplied the created field rotating at a speed of about 0.25 revolutions per second.

On a pu ainsi obtenir une réduction de la hauteur de la bobine de plus de 30 %.It was thus possible to obtain a reduction in the height of the coil by more than 30%.

Il est précisé que la vitesse de rotation du champ peut varier dans de grandes proportions, en fonction notamment du cycle d'alimentation des electroaimants choisi, des caractéristiques dimensionnelles du fil et de la vitesse de chute des spires. Elle dépend également du temps de montée en puissance des électroaimants, qui implique une durée minimale d'alimentation de ceux-ci pour que le champ magnétique créé puisse produire un effet d'attraction suffisant sur les spires.It is specified that the speed of rotation of the field can vary within large proportions, in particular as a function of the electromagnet supply cycle chosen, characteristics dimensions of the wire and the speed of fall of the turns. It also depends on the build-up time of the electromagnets, which implies a minimum supply time for them so that the magnetic field created can produce a sufficient attraction effect on the turns.

De plus il faudra tenir compte de l'aimantation rémanente des électroaimants qui entraîne un retard dans la disparition du champ magnétique par rapport au moment de coupure de leur alimentation électrique, il faudra donc prévoir une durée du cycle d'alimentation suffisante pour éviter que les effets du champ créé par différents électroaimants ne se perturbent ou même s'annulent.In addition, it will be necessary to take into account the remanent magnetization of the electromagnets which causes a delay in the disappearance of the magnetic field relative to the moment of interruption of their electrical supply, it will therefore be necessary to provide a sufficient duration of the supply cycle to prevent the effects of the field created by different electromagnets do not disturb or even cancel each other out.

A cet effet on disposera de préférence les électroaimants de manière que les pôles adjacents de deux électroaimants voisins aient la même polarité. Dans le même but on pourra préférer alimenter les électroaimants selon un cycle dans lequel on alimente un électroaimant puis, non pas l'électroaimant adjacent mais le suivant, et ainsi de suite.For this purpose, the electromagnets are preferably placed so that the adjacent poles of two neighboring electromagnets have the same polarity. For the same purpose, it may be preferable to supply the electromagnets according to a cycle in which an electromagnet is then supplied, not the adjacent electromagnet but the next one, and so on.

De même, pour réduire le temps de réponse des électroaimants, on pourra maintenir en permanence dans ceux-ci une certaine tension, par exemple d'environ 90 V, insuffisante pour créer l'effet d'attraction mais permettant de réduire le temps de montée en puissance lors de l'alimentation cyclique de ceux-ci sous la tension de travail, de l'ordre de 200 V dans ce cas.Likewise, to reduce the response time of the electromagnets, it is possible to permanently maintain in them a certain voltage, for example around 90 V, insufficient to create the attraction effect but making it possible to reduce the rise time. in power during the cyclic supply of these under the working voltage, of the order of 200 V in this case.

L'invention n'est pas limitée au dispositif et au procédé décrit ci-dessus à titre exemplatif.The invention is not limited to the device and to the method described above by way of example.

En particulier le nombre d'aimants pourra être modifié et ceux-ci pourront être disposés de manière que les pôles adjacents de deux électroaimants adjacents soient de même polarité, ou de polarité inverse. On notera que dans le cas de pôles adjacents de même polarité le nombre d'aimants sera préférentiellement pair pour éviter une discontinuité dans la répartition des pôles.In particular, the number of magnets can be modified and these can be arranged so that the adjacent poles of two adjacent electromagnets are of the same polarity, or of reverse polarity. It will be noted that in the case of adjacent poles of the same polarity, the number of magnets will preferably be even to avoid a discontinuity in the distribution of the poles.

Le champ magnétique tournant pourra également être généré par tous moyens connus de l'Homme du métier dans le domaine de l'électromagnétisme en utilisant par exemple des inducteurs polyphasés ou une culasse et des bobinages similaires à ceux d'un stator de moteur électrique, alimentés en courant continu ou non.The rotating magnetic field can also be generated by any means known to a person skilled in the art in the field of electromagnetism using for example polyphase inductors or a yoke and windings similar to those of an electric motor stator, supplied with direct current or not.

Le champ magnétique pourra également s'exercer sur une hauteur plus ou moins importante et à un niveau plus ou moins proche de l'extrémité supérieure du puits, les hauteurs respectives des viroles intermédiaires ou supérieures étant adaptées en conséquence.The magnetic field may also be exerted over a greater or lesser height and at a level more or less close to the upper end of the well, the respective heights of the intermediate or upper ferrules being adapted accordingly.

Claims (12)

1) Procédé de formation de bobines de fils métallique, notamment en acier, selon lequel on fait chuter des spires (10) préformées dudit fil dans un puits (1) de formation ayant une paroi (4) sensiblement cylindrique d'axe vertical où elles se superposent pour former une bobine (7), caractérisé en ce que au cours de la chute des spires, on exerce sur celles-ci une force radiale d'attraction vers la paroi du puits, la direction de cette force étant animée d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe du puits. 1) Method for forming coils of metallic son, in particular of steel, according to which the coils (10) preformed of said wire are dropped into a well (1) of formation having a wall (4) substantially cylindrical with a vertical axis where they are superimposed to form a coil (7), characterized in that during the fall of the turns, a radial force of attraction is exerted on them towards the wall of the well, the direction of this force being driven by a rotational movement around the axis of the well. 2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on l'applique à du fil en métal pouvant être attiré par un aimant et en ce que ladite force est générée par un champ magnétique tournant. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is applied to metal wire which can be attracted by a magnet and in that said force is generated by a rotating magnetic field. 3) Procédé selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que ledit champ est engendré par des électroaimants (5) régulièrement répartis à la périphérie du puits et alimentés cycliquement en courant continu. 3) Method according to claim 2 characterized in that said field is generated by electromagnets (5) regularly distributed around the periphery of the well and supplied cyclically with direct current. 4) Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que on alimente un seul électroaimant à la fois. 4) Method according to claim 3, characterized in that only one electromagnet is supplied at a time. 5) Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que on alimente simultanément deux électroaimants, de préférence voisins. 5) Method according to claim 3, characterized in that two electromagnets, preferably neighboring, are simultaneously supplied. 6) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que on exerce ladite force au niveau de la partie supérieure de la bobine en cours de formation. 6) Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said force is exerted at the upper part of the coil during formation. 7) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que on exerce ladite force sur les spires (10) en cours de chute, au-dessus du niveau supérieur de la bobine en cours de formation. 7) Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said force is exerted on the turns (10) during the fall, above the upper level of the coil during formation. 8) Dispositif de formation de bobines de fil métallique, notamment en acier, préalablement conformé en spires (10), comprenant un puits (1) de formation de la bobine (7) ayant une paroi cylindrique d'axe vertical, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens pour exercer sur lesdites spires une force radiale centrifuge animée d'un mouvement de rotation autour de l'axe du puits. 8) Device for forming coils of metal wire, in particular steel, previously shaped into turns (10), comprising a well (1) for forming the coil (7) having a cylindrical wall with vertical axis, characterized in that it comprises means for exerting on said turns a centrifugal radial force driven by a rotational movement around the axis of the well. 9) Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens générateurs de force comprenent des inducteurs générant un champ magnétique tournant. 9) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said force generating means comprise inductors generating a rotating magnetic field. 10) Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits inducteurs sont constitués par des électroaimants (5) régulièrement répartis à la périphérie du puits (1) et en ce qu'il comprend des moyens pour alimenter cycliquement ces électroaimants en courant continu. 10) Device according to claim 9, characterized in that said inductors are constituted by electromagnets (5) regularly distributed around the periphery of the well (1) and in that it comprises means for cyclically supplying these electromagnets with direct current. 11) Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour exercer la force radiale sur les spires sont placés à un niveau correspondant à la partie supérieure de la bobine en cours de formation et/ou au-dessus de ce niveau. 11) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the means for exerting the radial force on the turns are placed at a level corresponding to the upper part of the coil during formation and / or above this level. 12) Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la paroi du puits au niveau des inducteurs est en matériau amagnétique. 12) Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the wall of the well at the level of the inductors is made of non-magnetic material.
EP91470003A 1990-02-12 1991-01-31 Method and device for forming wire bobbins Expired - Lifetime EP0442835B1 (en)

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FR9001713A FR2658100B1 (en) 1990-02-12 1990-02-12 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FORMING WIRE COILS.
FR9001713 1990-02-12

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FR2371372A1 (en) * 1976-11-22 1978-06-16 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD AND DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY STORING A FLEXIBLE ELONGATED ELEMENT IN A ROTATING BASKET WITH A VERTICAL AXLE
JPS55145972A (en) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-13 Toyota Motor Corp Convolving holding method of wire material
AU575476B2 (en) * 1986-04-30 1988-07-28 Daiwa Can Company Limited Inserting and feeding wire into and from container

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GB759575A (en) * 1953-08-18 1956-10-17 Continental Can Co Improvements in or relating to a method of packaging wire and a machine for carrying out the method
FR1383950A (en) * 1963-11-12 1965-01-04 Morgan Construction Co Apparatus and method for collecting and severing wire rod and stacking the windings thus formed
FR2057934A5 (en) * 1969-08-01 1971-05-21 Morgan Construction Co
FR2105309A5 (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-04-28 Schloemann Ag
DE3819982A1 (en) * 1988-06-11 1989-12-14 Schloemann Siemag Ag Apparatus for the formation of wire loops

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0768126A1 (en) * 1995-10-16 1997-04-16 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for minimizing the height of wire bundles
EP1201327A2 (en) * 2000-10-25 2002-05-02 SMS Demag AG Device for influencing the fall-position of wire loops dropped in a coil forming device
EP1201327A3 (en) * 2000-10-25 2002-12-04 SMS Demag AG Device for influencing the fall-position of wire loops dropped in a coil forming device
CN103600996A (en) * 2013-11-18 2014-02-26 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 Take-up stacking assist device for large-coiled wires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO910533D0 (en) 1991-02-11
FR2658100B1 (en) 1992-04-30
EP0442835B1 (en) 1994-08-10
NO910533L (en) 1991-08-13
YU14691A (en) 1994-11-15
RU2046689C1 (en) 1995-10-27
ES2061215T3 (en) 1994-12-01
DE69103292T2 (en) 1995-04-06
PL165058B1 (en) 1994-11-30
TR24941A (en) 1992-07-01
ATE109692T1 (en) 1994-08-15
ZA91999B (en) 1992-09-30
NO175413B (en) 1994-07-04
PT96704B (en) 1998-08-31
DE69103292D1 (en) 1994-09-15
PL288960A1 (en) 1991-09-09
FI910656A (en) 1991-08-13
BR9100579A (en) 1991-10-29
PT96704A (en) 1992-10-30
CA2036081A1 (en) 1991-08-13
US5143315A (en) 1992-09-01
FI910656A0 (en) 1991-02-11
FR2658100A1 (en) 1991-08-16
AR246201A1 (en) 1994-07-29
KR910015342A (en) 1991-09-30
NO175413C (en) 1994-10-12
AU6998091A (en) 1991-08-15
JPH0775828A (en) 1995-03-20
CZ279128B6 (en) 1995-01-18
AU642954B2 (en) 1993-11-04
CS9100126A2 (en) 1991-09-15

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