EP0440126A1 - Slotted waveguides antenna, in particular for space radar - Google Patents

Slotted waveguides antenna, in particular for space radar Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0440126A1
EP0440126A1 EP91101053A EP91101053A EP0440126A1 EP 0440126 A1 EP0440126 A1 EP 0440126A1 EP 91101053 A EP91101053 A EP 91101053A EP 91101053 A EP91101053 A EP 91101053A EP 0440126 A1 EP0440126 A1 EP 0440126A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
waveguides
antenna
antenna according
guides
slots
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EP91101053A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Caille
Pascal Lefeuvre
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Alcatel Espace Industries SA
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Publication of EP0440126A1 publication Critical patent/EP0440126A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bipolar antenna in slot waveguides, in particular for space radars.
  • a radar observation satellite operating on the principle of lateral aiming and opening synthesis requires a very large antenna (close to 2 mx 8 m in X band), with electronic agility in elevation, emitting and receiving successively in two orthogonal linear polarizations.
  • the antenna of the invention corresponds to the demand for observation satellites, in particular terrestrial resources (vegetation, hydrology, oceanography) which can observe in X band (between 9.5 and 9.8 GHz) in the two H and V.
  • the necessary radiating surface dimensions do not allow the superimposition on a satellite of two different antennas, one by polarization.
  • Bipolarized "patches” do not perform well in X band if we limit our to a number of electronic modules less than 500, for reasons of mass and cost. Indeed, the large electronic scanning in elevation imposing a phase control by horizontal line of radiating elements, these lines must have a length of 2 to 4 m (one per folding antenna panel), and the ohmic losses would be too strong in printed technology.
  • the slotted guides are the radiating elements ensuring the lowest losses in X-band over a long length; but each type of guide radiates only one polarization.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome these various drawbacks.
  • an antenna in slotted waveguides in particular for space radars comprising rectangular waveguides arranged parallel along a common wall, two neighboring guides being separated from one another by the same wall, the last wall of each guide, situated opposite the common wall, being provided with radiating slots, characterized in that it alternately comprises rectangular wave guides radiating on their short side in a first polarization and wave guides with rib radiating on their long side in a second polarization.
  • the invention makes it possible to insert guides radiating in horizontal or vertical polarization in a sufficiently small "grid pitch", for example less than or equal to 0.7 ao, ho being the central wavelength in a vacuum; which allows wide scanning of the antenna beam without the appearance of parasitic lobes in other directions.
  • the guides of the first type which radiate in horizontal polarization, are provided with slits slightly inclined relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the guides, alternately oriented in one direction then in the other symmetrically to the plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of this guide, while being prominent with respect to the guides of the second type.
  • the waveguides of the second type which radiate in vertical polarization, are rib guides provided with slots parallel to the axes of symmetry of the guides; the slots of each guide of the second type being offset relative to the axis of symmetry of the radiating face alternately on one side and the other of this axis.
  • such an antenna is of moderate mass and suffers only small losses.
  • the same arrangement can be adopted for any frequency band situated between 2 and 40 GHz, provided that the dimensions are adapted to the central wavelength.
  • the slots 16 of the second guides 15 are alternately arranged above and below an axis of symmetry of the radiating face 17.
  • the guides 11 and 15, in a first embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, can be produced by assembling aluminum alloy profiles 20 and 21; assembly can then be done by automated welding.
  • the calculation of the conductances of the slots of the guides of the second type 15 takes account of the presence of the walls of the guides 11 of the first type, which modifies the adaptation conditions.
  • guides of length 50 to 70 cm can be produced by maintaining a TOS less than 2 at the input.
  • FIG. 3 represents a section in the elevation plane passing through the center of the antenna 22 and perpendicular to the path 23 of the satellite 24 (for example in an orbit of 700 to 800 kilometers).
  • the antenna 22 is pointed towards B, close to the far edge A of the cover (OB being the normal of the antenna 22), to take advantage of the natural widening of the beam (proportional to 1 / cos s, if 5 is depointing from normal) when aiming as close as possible to the nadir N (the direction NC indicating the direction towards the center of the earth): this makes it possible to approach a swath 25 on the constant ground, for example 20 kilometers (intercepted on the ground by the lobe of antenna 22 cut to -1 dB); the hatched area 26 representing the antenna scanning area; the angles 5 M and 5 M 'being the maximum depointing angles on each side of the normal.
  • the waveguides can be made of carbon fiber. This technology makes it possible to reduce the mass by 30%, for an equal partition thickness. In addition the dilations are less.
  • the plates 30 and 31 and the rectangular sections 32 and 33 are then assembled by gluing.
  • the antenna of the invention has been detailed in terms of dimensions for an X band application (central frequency 9.65 GHz). It can be used in other frequency bands between 2 and 40 GHz, in particular the neighboring bands C and Ku, by multiplying all the dimensions by the ratio of the wavelengths.
  • the antenna of the invention can also be used in the field of ground or airborne radars, or in that of radio, air or space transmissions.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a slotted waveguides dual-polarised antenna, in particular for space radars, comprising rectangular waveguides arranged in parallel along a common wall (10), two neighbouring guides (11, 15) being separated from one another by a same wall (22, 23), the last wall (12, 17) of each guide, situated opposite the common wall (10), being provided with radiating slots (13, 16); this antenna comprising alternately waveguides of a first type (11) radiating a first polarisation and waveguides of a second type (15) radiating a second polarisation. Application in particular to the field of space telecommunications or radars. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne bipolarisée en guides d'ondes à fentes, notamment pour radars spatiaux.The present invention relates to a bipolar antenna in slot waveguides, in particular for space radars.

Un satellite radar d'observation fonctionnant sur le principe de la visée latérale et de la synthèse d'ouverture (SAR ou "Synthetic Aperture Radar") nécessite une antenne de très grandes dimensions (voisine de 2 m x 8 m en bande X), avec agilité électronique en élévation, émettant et recevant successivement en deux polarisations linéaires orthogonales. _A radar observation satellite operating on the principle of lateral aiming and opening synthesis (SAR or "Synthetic Aperture Radar") requires a very large antenna (close to 2 mx 8 m in X band), with electronic agility in elevation, emitting and receiving successively in two orthogonal linear polarizations. _

Pour de tels satellites les antennes, ayant déjà été réalisées ou en cours de développement, utilisent deux types d'éléments rayonnants :

  • - des guides à fentes résonnant en bande C fonctionnant en une seule polarisation V ("pseudo-verticale" perpendiculaire à la normale à l'antenne) : Il en est ainsi pour les antennes du satellite ERS1 de l'Agence Spatiale Européenne comme décrit dans l'article "The Planar array antennas for the European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS1" de Robert Peterson et Per Ingvarson paru dans les "Proceedings of IGARSS 1988". Mais le faisceau de ces antennes est fixe, sans balayage électronique.
  • - des "patches", c'est-à-dire des pavés conducteurs gravés sur un matériau du type nid d'abeille, résonnant en bande L en une seule polarisation H (horizontale perpendiculaire à la normale à l'antenne) : Il en est ainsi pour les antennes des satellites américains Seasat, SIRA et B comme décrit dans l'article "Seasat and SIR-A microstrip antennas" de L.R. Murphy paru dans les "Proceedings of Wakshop on Printed Antennas Technology" - las Cruces 1979. Mais le faisceau d'une telle antenne est fixe.
For such satellites the antennas, having already been carried out or under development, use two types of radiating elements:
  • - slotted guides resonating in C band operating in a single V polarization ("pseudo-vertical" perpendicular to the normal to the antenna): This is the case for the antennas of the ERS1 satellite of the European Space Agency as described in the article "The Planar array antennas for the European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS1" by Robert Peterson and Per Ingvarson published in "Proceedings of IGARSS 1988". But the beam of these antennas is fixed, without electronic scanning.
  • - "patches", that is to say conductive blocks engraved on a material of the honeycomb type, resonating in band L in a single H polarization (horizontal perpendicular to the normal to the antenna): is thus for the antennas of the American satellites Seasat, SIRA and B as described in the article "Seasat and SIR-A microstrip antennas" by LR Murphy published in the "Proceedings of Wakshop on Printed Antennas Technology" - las Cruces 1979. But the beam of such an antenna is fixed.

Le satellite appelé "SIRC" (Shuttle Imaging Radar N° C) qui doit voler en 1991 ou 1992 comprendra des antennes superposées verticalement, réutilisant les principes précédents, comme décrit dans l'article "Heading for space : C band phased array" paru dans "Microwaves and RF" - d'avril 1986.

  • . des antennes à "patches" carrés en bandes L et C, fonctionnant cette fois alternativement en polarisation H et V, et comportant des modules actifs assurant un balayage électronique en élévation.
  • . des antennes en guides à fentes en bande X, à une seule polarisation V et à faisceau fixe.
The satellite called "SIRC" (Shuttle Imaging Radar N ° C) which must fly in 1991 or 1992 will include vertically superimposed antennas, reusing the previous principles, as described in the article "Heading for space: C band phased array" published in "Microwaves and RF" - from April 1986.
  • . antennas with square "patches" in L and C bands, this time operating alternately in H and V polarization, and comprising active modules ensuring electronic scanning in elevation.
  • . antennae in X-band slot guides, with a single V polarization and with a fixed beam.

L'antenne de l'invention correspond à la demande de satellites d'observation notamment des ressources terrestres (végétation, hydrologie, océanographie) qui puissent observer en bande X (entre 9,5 et 9,8 GHz) dans les deux polarisations H et V.The antenna of the invention corresponds to the demand for observation satellites, in particular terrestrial resources (vegetation, hydrology, oceanography) which can observe in X band (between 9.5 and 9.8 GHz) in the two H and V.

Les dimensions de surface rayonnante nécessaire (hauteur 2 à 3 m x longueur 7 à 10 m) ne permettent pas la superposition sur un satellite de deux antennes différentes, une par polarisation.The necessary radiating surface dimensions (height 2 to 3 m x length 7 to 10 m) do not allow the superimposition on a satellite of two different antennas, one by polarization.

Les "patches" bipolarisés sont peu performants en bande X si l'on se limite à un nombre de modules électroniques inférieur à 500, pour des raisons de masse et de coût. En effet, le large balayage électronique en élévation imposant une commande de phase par ligne horizontale d'éléments rayonnants, ces lignes doivent avoir une longueur de 2 à 4 m (une par panneau repliable d'antenne), et les pertes ohmiques seraient trop fortes en technologie imprimée.Bipolarized "patches" do not perform well in X band if we limit ourselves to a number of electronic modules less than 500, for reasons of mass and cost. Indeed, the large electronic scanning in elevation imposing a phase control by horizontal line of radiating elements, these lines must have a length of 2 to 4 m (one per folding antenna panel), and the ohmic losses would be too strong in printed technology.

Les guides à fentes sont les éléments rayonnants assurant les pertes les plus faibles en bande X sur une grande longueur ; mais chaque type de guide ne rayonne qu'une polarisation.The slotted guides are the radiating elements ensuring the lowest losses in X-band over a long length; but each type of guide radiates only one polarization.

L'invention a pour objet de palier ces différents inconvénients.The object of the invention is to overcome these various drawbacks.

Elle propose à cet effet une antenne en guides d'ondes à fentes, notamment pour radars spatiaux comprenant des guides d'onde rectangulaires disposés parallèlement le long d'une paroi commune, deux guides voisins étant séparés entre eux par une même paroi, la dernière paroi de chaque guide, située à l'opposé de la paroi commune, étant munie de fentes rayonnantes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend alternativement des guides d'ondes rectangulaires rayonnant sur leur petit côté dans une première polarisation et des guides d'ondes à nervure rayonnant sur leur grand côté dans une seconde polarisation.To this end, it proposes an antenna in slotted waveguides, in particular for space radars comprising rectangular waveguides arranged parallel along a common wall, two neighboring guides being separated from one another by the same wall, the last wall of each guide, situated opposite the common wall, being provided with radiating slots, characterized in that it alternately comprises rectangular wave guides radiating on their short side in a first polarization and wave guides with rib radiating on their long side in a second polarization.

L'originalité de l'invention repose sur l'association, en alternance, dans un même réseau de deux types de guides à fentes :

  • - un guide normal avec des fentes sur le petit côté,
  • - un guide à nervure (ou guide ridgé) comportant des fentes sur le grand côté.
The originality of the invention is based on the association, alternately, in the same network of two types of slotted guides:
  • - a normal guide with slots on the small side,
  • - a ribbed guide (or ridged guide) with slots on the long side.

Ce qui présente l'avantage :

  • - de permettre d'émettre à la même fréquence sur deux polarisations croisées,
  • - d'augmenter le découplage des deux signaux émis,
  • - de présenter une plus grande facilité de réalisation que l'utilisation d'une structure coaxiale.
What has the advantage:
  • - allow transmission at the same frequency on two crossed polarizations,
  • - to increase the decoupling of the two transmitted signals,
  • - To present a greater ease of realization than the use of a coaxial structure.

L'invention permet d'intercaler des guides rayonnant en polarisation horizontale ou verticale dans un "pas du réseau" suffisamment faible, par exemple inférieur ou égal à 0,7 ao, ho étant la longueur d'onde centrale dans le vide ; ce qui permet un large balayage du faisceau d'antenne sans apparition de lobes parasites dans d'autres directions.The invention makes it possible to insert guides radiating in horizontal or vertical polarization in a sufficiently small "grid pitch", for example less than or equal to 0.7 ao, ho being the central wavelength in a vacuum; which allows wide scanning of the antenna beam without the appearance of parasitic lobes in other directions.

Dans une réalisation avantageuse les guides du premier type, qui rayonnent en polarisation horizontale, sont munis de fentes légèrement inclinées par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de symétrie des guides, alternativement orientées dans un sens puis dans l'autre symétriquement au plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de symétrie de ce guide, tout en étant proéminents par rapport aux guides du second type. Les guides d'ondes du second type, qui rayonnent en polarisation verticale, sont des guides à nervure munis de fentes parallèles aux axes de symétrie des guides ; les fentes de chaque guide du second type étant décalés par rapport à l'axe de symétrie de la face rayonnante alternativement d'un côté et de l'autre de cet axe.In an advantageous embodiment, the guides of the first type, which radiate in horizontal polarization, are provided with slits slightly inclined relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the guides, alternately oriented in one direction then in the other symmetrically to the plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of this guide, while being prominent with respect to the guides of the second type. The waveguides of the second type, which radiate in vertical polarization, are rib guides provided with slots parallel to the axes of symmetry of the guides; the slots of each guide of the second type being offset relative to the axis of symmetry of the radiating face alternately on one side and the other of this axis.

Avantageusement une telle antenne est de masse modérée et ne subit que de faibles pertes.Advantageously, such an antenna is of moderate mass and suffers only small losses.

De plus la même disposition peut être adoptée pour n'importe quelle bande de fréquences située entre 2 et 40 GHz, à condition d'adapter les dimensions à la longueur d'onde centrale.In addition, the same arrangement can be adopted for any frequency band situated between 2 and 40 GHz, provided that the dimensions are adapted to the central wavelength.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées sur lesquelles :

  • - la figure 1 illustre le principe de l'antenne selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 2 illustre schématiquement une première réalisation de l'antenne selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 3 illustre le fonctionnement de l'antenne selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 4 illustre schématiquement une seconde réalisation de l'antenne selon l'invention.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • - Figure 1 illustrates the principle of the antenna according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of the antenna according to the invention;
  • - Figure 3 illustrates the operation of the antenna according to the invention;
  • - Figure 4 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention.

L'antenne de l'invention, telle que représentée sur la figure 1, comprend alternativement le long d'un plan de masse vertical 10 :

  • - des guides standard 11 bande X, comportant sur leur petit côté 12 des fentes 13 légèrement inclinées d'un angle i par rapport à la verticale ; La composition des champs
    Figure imgb0001
    rayonnés par deux fentes 13 consécutives, séparées d'une demi-longueur d'onde guidée, permet de rayonner ( et de recevoir) une polarisation horizontale (H) en limitant dans tout l'espace le niveau de polarisation croisée V à -20 dB du niveau H dans la direction de visée ;
  • - des guides 15 "ridgés" (ou "à nervure") dont les fentes horizontales 16 sur le grand côté 17 rayonnent (et reçoivent) la polarisation V ; le "ridge" ou nervure 18 intérieure permettant de diviser par un facteur supérieur à deux la hauteur intérieure de ces guides, pour la même bande de fréquences de fonctionnement.
The antenna of the invention, as shown in FIG. 1, alternately comprises along a vertical ground plane 10:
  • - Standard guides 11 band X, comprising on their short side 12 slots 13 slightly inclined at an angle i relative to the vertical; The composition of the fields
    Figure imgb0001
     radiated by two consecutive slits 13, separated by a guided half-wavelength, makes it possible to radiate (and receive) a horizontal polarization (H) by limiting in all the space the level of crossed polarization V to -20 dB from level H in the direction of sight;
  • - Guides 15 "ridged" (or "ribbed") whose horizontal slots 16 on the long side 17 radiate (and receive) the polarization V; the "ridge" or internal rib 18 making it possible to divide by a factor greater than two the internal height of these guides, for the same operating frequency band.

De manière avantageuse les fentes 16 des seconds guides 15 sont alternativement disposées au dessus et en dessous d'un axe de symétrie de la face rayonnante 17.Advantageously, the slots 16 of the second guides 15 are alternately arranged above and below an axis of symmetry of the radiating face 17.

Ces différents guides 11 et 15 sont disposés côte à côte de telle façon qu'ils aient des parois communes 22 et 23.These different guides 11 and 15 are arranged side by side so that they have common walls 22 and 23.

Dans les guides 11 du premier type, qui rayonnent en polarisation horizontale, on a :

  • - pour une fente de la première série de fentes inclinées de l'angle i par rapport à la verticale
  • Figure imgb0002
    - pour une fente voisine de la seconde série de fentes inclinées de l'angle -i :
    Figure imgb0003
    et donc
    Figure imgb0004
In the guides 11 of the first type, which radiate in horizontal polarization, we have:
  • - for a slot of the first series of slots inclined by the angle i with respect to the vertical
  • Figure imgb0002
     - for a slot close to the second series of slots inclined by the angle -i:
    Figure imgb0003
     and so
    Figure imgb0004

Dans les guides 15 du second type qui rayonnent en polarisation verticale :

Figure imgb0005
In the guides 15 of the second type which radiate in vertical polarization:
Figure imgb0005

Dans une réalisation particulière de l'invention on a considéré :

  • - Largeur des premiers guides 11 : L1 = 10,2 mm
  • - Longueur des premiers guides 11 : L2 = 22,9 mm
  • - Largeur des seconds guides 15 : L3 = 10,8 mm
  • - Longueur des seconds guides 15 : L4 = 5,6 mm
  • - Largeur de la nervure 18 : L5 = 4,2 mm
  • - Longueur de la nervure 18 : L6 = 3,6 mm
  • - Longueur des fentes 16 réalisées sur les seconds guides 15 :
    Figure imgb0006
    • - Espacement entre ces fentes 16 : L8= λ g/2 = 30,8 mm
  • - Espacement entre les fentes 13 réalisées sur les premiers guides 11 : L9= λ g/2 = 21,2 mm
  • - Epaisseurs des guides 11 et 15 : e = 0,4 mm Il est ainsi possible de loger le jeu des deux types de guides 11 et 15 dans le pas vertical du réseau dv = 21,75 mm et de répéter le même motif 88 fois sur la hauteur d'une antenne de 1,94 mètres.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, we have considered:
  • - Width of the first guides 11: L1 = 10.2 mm
  • - Length of first guides 11: L2 = 22.9 mm
  • - Width of the second guides 15: L3 = 10.8 mm
  • - Length of second guides 15: L4 = 5.6 mm
  • - Rib width 18: L5 = 4.2 mm
  • - Rib length 18: L6 = 3.6 mm
  • - Length of the slots 16 made on the second guides 15:
    Figure imgb0006
    • - Spacing between these slots 16: L8 = λ g / 2 = 30.8 mm
  • - Spacing between the slots 13 made on the first guides 11: L9 = λ g / 2 = 21.2 mm
  • - Thicknesses of guides 11 and 15: e = 0.4 mm It is thus possible to accommodate the clearance of the two types of guides 11 and 15 in the vertical pitch of the network d v = 21.75 mm and to repeat the same pattern 88 times over the height of an antenna of 1.94 meters.

Ces guides sont donc suffisamment compacts pour permettre un balayage électronique.These guides are therefore compact enough to allow electronic scanning.

Pour assurer la rigidité de l'antenne, les guides 11 et 15, dans une première réalisation telle que représentée sur la figure 2, peuvent être réalisés par assemblage de profilés d'alliage d'aluminium 20 et 21 ; l'assemblage peut se faire alors par soudure automatisée.To ensure the rigidity of the antenna, the guides 11 and 15, in a first embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, can be produced by assembling aluminum alloy profiles 20 and 21; assembly can then be done by automated welding.

Le calcul des conductances des fentes des guides du second type 15 tient compte de la présence des parois des guides 11 du premier type, qui modifie les conditions d'adaptation.The calculation of the conductances of the slots of the guides of the second type 15 takes account of the presence of the walls of the guides 11 of the first type, which modifies the adaptation conditions.

Pour une bande passante du signal radar ne dépassant pas 100 MHz, des guides de longueur 50 à 70 cm (soit 16 à 33 fentes chacun) peuvent être réalisés en maintenant un TOS inférieur à 2 à l'entrée.For a bandwidth of the radar signal not exceeding 100 MHz, guides of length 50 to 70 cm (or 16 to 33 slots each) can be produced by maintaining a TOS less than 2 at the input.

La figure 3 représente une coupe dans le plan d'élévation passant par le centre de l'antenne 22 et perpendiculaire à la trajectoire 23 du satellite 24 (par exemple sur une orbite de 700 à 800 kilomètres).FIG. 3 represents a section in the elevation plane passing through the center of the antenna 22 and perpendicular to the path 23 of the satellite 24 (for example in an orbit of 700 to 800 kilometers).

L'antenne 22 est pointée vers B, proche du bord lointain A de la couverture (OB étant la normale de l'antenne 22), pour tirer parti de l'élargissement naturel du faisceau (proportionnel à 1/cos s , si 5 est le dépointage depuis la normale) lorsque l'on vise au plus près du nadir N (la direction NC indiquant la direction vers le centre de la terre) : ceci permet de se rapprocher d'une fauchée 25 au sol constante, par exemple de 20 kilomètres (interceptée au sol par le lobe. de l'antenne 22 coupé à -1 dB) ; la zône hachurée 26 représentant la zône de balayage de l'antenne ; les angles 5 M et 5 M' étant les angles de dépointage maximum de chaque côté de la normale.The antenna 22 is pointed towards B, close to the far edge A of the cover (OB being the normal of the antenna 22), to take advantage of the natural widening of the beam (proportional to 1 / cos s, if 5 is depointing from normal) when aiming as close as possible to the nadir N (the direction NC indicating the direction towards the center of the earth): this makes it possible to approach a swath 25 on the constant ground, for example 20 kilometers (intercepted on the ground by the lobe of antenna 22 cut to -1 dB); the hatched area 26 representing the antenna scanning area; the angles 5 M and 5 M 'being the maximum depointing angles on each side of the normal.

Des guides standard pour la polarisation verticale auraient entraîné un pas de répétition dv beaucoup trop fort ; au-delà de dv = 22,6 mm apparaissent, lors du balayage électronique en élévation représenté sur cette figure 3, des "lobes de réseau" qui provoquent une forte perte de gain et des échos ambigus pour le radar. Pour 21,75 < dv < 22,6 serait apparu un phénomène "d'aveuglement" de l'antenne pour le dépointage maximal ( 0 M = 21 ° 2 depuis la normale).Standard guides for vertical polarization would have resulted in a repetition step d v much too strong; beyond d v = 22.6 mm, during the electronic scanning in elevation shown in this figure 3, appear "network lobes" which cause a strong loss of gain and ambiguous echoes for the radar. For 21.75 <d v <22.6 would have appeared a phenomenon of "blindness" of the antenna for maximum depointing (0 M = 21 ° 2 from normal).

Dans une seconde réalisation possible, les guides d'onde peuvent être réalisés en fibre de carbone. Cette technologie permet de diminuer la masse de 30%, à épaisseur de cloison égale. De plus les dilatations sont moindres.In a second possible embodiment, the waveguides can be made of carbon fiber. This technology makes it possible to reduce the mass by 30%, for an equal partition thickness. In addition the dilations are less.

On adapte alors le profil, comme représenté sur la figure 4, pour utiliser :

  • - d'une part des plaques 30 et 31 de préimprégnés fibre de carbone + résine, obtenus par superposition de couches croisées,
  • - d'autre part des profilés de section rectangulaires 32 et 33 obtenus par drapage de ce même type de préimprégné autour d'un mandrin métallique qui est ensuite dissous après durcissement du composite résine/fibre de carbone.
We then adapt the profile, as shown in Figure 4, to use:
  • on the one hand, plates 30 and 31 of carbon fiber + resin prepregs, obtained by superposition of crossed layers,
  • - On the other hand, rectangular section profiles 32 and 33 obtained by draping this same type of prepreg around a metal mandrel which is then dissolved after hardening of the resin / carbon fiber composite.

Les plaques 30 et 31 et les profilés rectangulaire 32 et 33 sont ensuite assemblés par collage.The plates 30 and 31 and the rectangular sections 32 and 33 are then assembled by gluing.

Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'a été décrite et représentée qu'à titre d'exemple préférentiel et que l'on pourra remplacer ses éléments constitutifs par des éléments équivalents sans, pour autant, sortir du cadre de l'invention.It is understood that the present invention has only been described and shown as a preferred example and that its constituent elements can be replaced by equivalent elements without, however, departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi l'antenne de l'invention a été détaillée au niveau des dimensions pour une application bande X (fréquence centrale 9,65 GHz). Elle peut être utilisée dans d'autres bandes de fréquence comprises entre 2 et 40 GHz, notamment les bandes voisines C et Ku, en multipliant toutes les dimensions par le rapport des longueurs d'onde.Thus the antenna of the invention has been detailed in terms of dimensions for an X band application (central frequency 9.65 GHz). It can be used in other frequency bands between 2 and 40 GHz, in particular the neighboring bands C and Ku, by multiplying all the dimensions by the ratio of the wavelengths.

Ainsi l'antenne de l'invention peut également être utilisée dans le domaine des radars sol ou aéroportés, ou dans celui des transmissions hertziennes, aériennes ou spatiales.Thus, the antenna of the invention can also be used in the field of ground or airborne radars, or in that of radio, air or space transmissions.

Claims (11)

1. Antenne en guides d'ondes à fentes, notamment pour radars spatiaux, comprenant des guides d'ondes rectangulaires disposés parallèlement le long d'une paroi commune (10), deux guides voisins (11, 15) étant séparés entre eux par une même paroi (22, 23), la dernière paroi (12, 17) de chaque guide, située à l'opposé de la paroi commune (10), étant munie de fentes rayonnantes (13, 16), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend alternativement des guides d'ondes rectangulaires (11) rayonnant sur leur petit côté (12) dans une première polarisation et des guides d'ondes à nervure (15) rayonnant sur leur grand côté (17) dans une seconde polarisation.1. Antenna in slot waveguides, in particular for space radars, comprising rectangular waveguides arranged in parallel along a common wall (10), two neighboring guides (11, 15) being separated from each other by a same wall (22, 23), the last wall (12, 17) of each guide, located opposite the common wall (10), being provided with radiating slots (13, 16), characterized in that it alternatively comprises rectangular waveguides (11) radiating on their short side (12) in a first polarization and ribbed waveguides (15) radiating on their long side (17) in a second polarization. 2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les guides d'ondes rectangulaires (11) sont proéminents par rapport aux guides d'ondes à nervure (15).2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular waveguides (11) are prominent with respect to the rib waveguides (15). Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les guides d'ondes rectangulaires (11) rayonnent en polarisation horizontale, et en ce que les guides d'ondes à nervure (15) rayonnent en polarisation verticale.An antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rectangular waveguides (11) radiate in horizontal polarization, and in that the rib waveguides (15) radiate in vertical polarization. Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les guides d'ondes rectangulaires (11) sont munis de fentes (13) légèrement inclinées (i) par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de symétrie des guides (11).Antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the rectangular waveguides (11) are provided with slots (13) slightly inclined (i) relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the guides (11). Antenne selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que, pour un même guide (11), ces fentes (13) sont alternativement orientées dans un sens puis dans l'autre symétriquement au plan perpendiculaire à l'axe de symétrie de ce guide (11).Antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, for the same guide (11), these slots (13) are alternately oriented in one direction then in the other symmetrically to the plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of this guide (11 ). Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les guides d'ondes à nervure (15) sont munis de fentes (16) parallèles aux axes de symétrie des guides.Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribbed waveguides (15) are provided with slots (16) parallel to the axes of symmetry of the guides. Antenne selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que ces fentes (16) de chaque guide à nervure (15) sont décalés par rapport à l'axe de symétrie de la face rayonnante (17) alternativement d'un côté et de l'autre de cet axe.Antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that these slots (16) of each rib guide (15) are offset relative to the axis of symmetry of the radiating face (17) alternately on one side and the other of this axis. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le pas du réseau, que forme ladite antenne, est inférieur ou égal à 0,7 x 0 ; X 0 étant la longueur d'onde centrale de l'antenne dans le vide.Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pitch of the array formed by said antenna is less than or equal to 0.7 x 0; X 0 being the central wavelength of the antenna in a vacuum. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle fonctionne dans une bande de fréquences comprise entre 2 et 40 GHz.Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it operates in a frequency band between 2 and 40 GHz. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue par assemblage de profilés d'alliage d'aluminium (20, 21).Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is obtained by assembling aluminum alloy profiles (20, 21). Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est obtenue par assemblage de plaques (30 31) et de profilés (32, 33) de section rectangulaire réalisés en préimprégnés fibre de carbone + résine.Antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is obtained by assembling plates (30 31) and profiles (32, 33) of rectangular section made of prepreg carbon fiber + resin.
EP91101053A 1990-01-29 1991-01-28 Slotted waveguides antenna, in particular for space radar Withdrawn EP0440126A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9000990A FR2657729B1 (en) 1990-01-29 1990-01-29 ANTENNA IN SLOTTED WAVEGUIDES, ESPECIALLY FOR SPACE RADARS.
FR9000990 1990-01-29

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JP (1) JPH04213202A (en)
CA (1) CA2035111A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2657729B1 (en)

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WO1994000777A1 (en) * 1992-06-25 1994-01-06 Belgian Electronic Research S.A. Device and method for sensing and protecting persons and objects
WO1995015592A1 (en) * 1993-11-30 1995-06-08 Saab Ericsson Space Aktiebolag Waveguide antenna
WO1996020515A1 (en) * 1994-12-23 1996-07-04 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Array of radiating elements
EP0747994A2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-11 Hughes Missile Systems Company Dual polarization common aperture array formed by a waveguide-fed, planar slot array and a linear short backfire array
WO2001065641A1 (en) * 2000-03-03 2001-09-07 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Tuneable antenna
WO2002005386A1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-17 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson One aperture simultaneous rx-tx-antenna
US20120007771A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Tetsuya Miyagawa Slot array antenna and radar device
US10854991B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2020-12-01 City University Of Hong Kong Waveguide fed open slot antenna
EP3301750B1 (en) 2016-09-29 2021-03-24 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Hollow conductor connecting member, hollow conductor system and method for forming a hollow conductor system
US11611148B2 (en) 2020-12-24 2023-03-21 City University Of Hong Kong Open-aperture waveguide fed slot antenna
EP4197064A4 (en) * 2020-10-13 2024-02-28 The Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma X-band dual-polarized slotted waveguide antenna (swga) array unit cell for large e-scanning radar systems

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US6002359A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-12-14 Trw Inc. Antenna system for satellite digital audio radio service (DARS) system
JP2012204975A (en) * 2011-03-24 2012-10-22 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Waveguide slot antenna
JP7161817B2 (en) * 2019-01-18 2022-10-27 三菱電機株式会社 Waveguides, waveguide slot array antennas, and orthogonal dual-polarization waveguide slot array antennas

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Cited By (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1005991A3 (en) * 1992-06-25 1994-04-12 Ber Sa Device and method for detection and protection.
EP0768541A2 (en) 1992-06-25 1997-04-16 Belgian Electronic Research S.A. (B.E.R.) Device and method for sensing and protecting persons and objects
US6114956A (en) * 1992-06-25 2000-09-05 Belgian Electronic Research S.A. Device and method for sensing and protection of persons and objects
WO1994000777A1 (en) * 1992-06-25 1994-01-06 Belgian Electronic Research S.A. Device and method for sensing and protecting persons and objects
WO1995015592A1 (en) * 1993-11-30 1995-06-08 Saab Ericsson Space Aktiebolag Waveguide antenna
US5831583A (en) * 1993-11-30 1998-11-03 Saab Ericson Space Aktiebolag Waveguide antenna
CN1094666C (en) * 1994-12-23 2002-11-20 泰利斯荷兰有限公司 Array of radiating elements
WO1996020515A1 (en) * 1994-12-23 1996-07-04 Hollandse Signaalapparaten B.V. Array of radiating elements
NL9402195A (en) * 1994-12-23 1996-08-01 Hollandse Signaalapparaten Bv Array of radiation elements.
EP0747994A2 (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-12-11 Hughes Missile Systems Company Dual polarization common aperture array formed by a waveguide-fed, planar slot array and a linear short backfire array
EP0747994A3 (en) * 1995-06-06 1999-03-10 Hughes Missile Systems Company Dual polarization common aperture array formed by a waveguide-fed, planar slot array and a linear short backfire array
WO2001065641A1 (en) * 2000-03-03 2001-09-07 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Tuneable antenna
GB2376346A (en) * 2000-03-03 2002-12-11 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Tuneable antenna
US6542130B2 (en) 2000-03-03 2003-04-01 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Tuneable antenna
GB2376346B (en) * 2000-03-03 2004-03-31 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Tuneable antenna
WO2002005386A1 (en) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-17 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson One aperture simultaneous rx-tx-antenna
US6509881B2 (en) 2000-07-10 2003-01-21 Telefonaktielbolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) One aperture simultaneous RX-TX-antenna
US20120007771A1 (en) * 2010-07-06 2012-01-12 Tetsuya Miyagawa Slot array antenna and radar device
US8446313B2 (en) * 2010-07-06 2013-05-21 Furuno Electric Company Limited Slot array antenna and radar device
EP3301750B1 (en) 2016-09-29 2021-03-24 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Hollow conductor connecting member, hollow conductor system and method for forming a hollow conductor system
US10854991B2 (en) 2018-07-06 2020-12-01 City University Of Hong Kong Waveguide fed open slot antenna
EP4197064A4 (en) * 2020-10-13 2024-02-28 The Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma X-band dual-polarized slotted waveguide antenna (swga) array unit cell for large e-scanning radar systems
US11611148B2 (en) 2020-12-24 2023-03-21 City University Of Hong Kong Open-aperture waveguide fed slot antenna

Also Published As

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JPH04213202A (en) 1992-08-04
CA2035111A1 (en) 1991-07-30
FR2657729A1 (en) 1991-08-02
FR2657729B1 (en) 1992-06-12

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