EP0424479B1 - Binding for cross-country or touring skis - Google Patents

Binding for cross-country or touring skis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0424479B1
EP0424479B1 EP90903813A EP90903813A EP0424479B1 EP 0424479 B1 EP0424479 B1 EP 0424479B1 EP 90903813 A EP90903813 A EP 90903813A EP 90903813 A EP90903813 A EP 90903813A EP 0424479 B1 EP0424479 B1 EP 0424479B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binding
ski
holding hook
sole
blocking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90903813A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0424479A1 (en
Inventor
Bernt-Otto Hauglin
Eugen Popp
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Rottefella AS
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Rottefella AS
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Publication date
Application filed by Rottefella AS filed Critical Rottefella AS
Priority to AT9090903813T priority Critical patent/ATE105199T1/en
Publication of EP0424479A1 publication Critical patent/EP0424479A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0424479B1 publication Critical patent/EP0424479B1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63CSKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00Ski bindings
    • A63C9/20Non-self-releasing bindings with special sole edge holders instead of toe-straps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cross-country or touring ski binding according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a ski binding which also goes back to the applicant, has recently been on the market. It is offered under the ROTTEFELLA NNN-BC (BACKCOUNTRY) label.
  • BACKCOUNTRY ROTTEFELLA NNN-BC
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the known ski binding in such a way that both the "getting in” and “getting out” of the binding is facilitated.
  • the binding should grant an ergonomic sequence of movements, in particular a sequence of movements without excessive strain on the toe area of the cross-country skier when exercising.
  • the construction according to the invention allows entry into the binding without manual actuation of an opening mechanism. Furthermore, after opening the binding for the purpose of getting out, the corresponding actuating element does not have to be held in the open position until the getting out process is finished. Rather, the binding engagement elements are held in the open or release position, namely by the locking element according to the invention. In this way, it is both easy to get in and out of the binding.
  • the construction according to the invention also represents a significant improvement over the known ski binding according to EP-A-0 088 673, in which the holding member fixing the ski boot must also be held in the open position when exiting the binding either by hand or by means of the ski pole. and that against the action of an elastically deformable element or flexor assigned to the holding member.
  • the locking element according to the invention interacts on the one hand with the holding member, namely the holding hook, and on the other hand with the complementary engagement element on the ski boot, it is also possible to obtain an extremely compact, yet functionally reliable construction.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 is a cross-country or touring ski binding 1 for cross-country ski boots 2, which according to FIGS. 4 and 5 each have insertable complementary engagement elements for the manufacture of a at their front sole end 9 in engagement elements of the binding 1 have articulated connection between binding 1 and ski boot 2.
  • the sole-integrated engagement elements comprise a joint axis 8 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe and approximately parallel to the sole tread.
  • the complementary engagement elements of the binding 1 comprise a retaining hook 3 engaging behind the joint axis 8 and forming a hinge joint therewith, which from a closed position according to FIG. 1 into a release position 2 and vice versa.
  • the front sole end 9 is assigned an elastically deformable element on the binding side, namely a flexor 10 for the elastic return of the shoe 2 from a swiveled-up position into an approximately ski-parallel position.
  • the ski boot 2 is supported on the flexor 10 via a beveled support surface 11 on the front sole end 9.
  • the retaining hook 3 is in the release position according to FIG. 2 by a locking element 4 held, in such a way that it can be brought into an unlocked position according to FIG. 1 when entering the binding through the sole-integrated joint axis 8. In this position, the holding hook 3 moves into its closed position, which engages behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8, this movement being brought about by an elastic element described in more detail below.
  • the locking element 4 is pushed into its locking position according to FIG. 2 by a leg spring 5.
  • the locking element 4 is a double lever pivotably mounted about an axis 7 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and approximately parallel to the ski top surface 12, one leg 13 of which engages in the locking position with the retaining hook 3 such that it is held in its release position, and whose other leg 14 protrudes into the movement path of the sole-integrated joint axis 8 when entering the binding 1.
  • the holding hook 3 can be moved into its release position against the action of an elastic element, namely a helical compression spring 21.
  • This elastic element or the mentioned helical compression spring 21 also causes the automatic movement of the holding hook 3 into its closed position according to FIG.
  • the holding hook 3 is articulated according to FIGS. 1 and 2 on a pivotably mounted actuating lever 22, such that the pivoting movement of the actuating lever 22 can be converted into a translational back and forth movement of the holding hook 3 (see double arrow 15).
  • the articulation 16 of the holding hook 3 on the actuating lever 22 lies, according to FIGS. 1 and 2, below the pivot axis 17 of the actuating lever 22 within the binding housing 6, the actuating lever 22 being pushed into a position by the helical compression spring 21 already mentioned in which the holding hook is 3 is in its closed position engaging behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8 in accordance with FIG. 1.
  • the binding housing 6 Within the binding housing 6 are the flexor 10, the holding hook 3, the actuating element 22 and the holding hook 3 assigned locking element 4 mounted, namely from the front to the rear or from the ski tip towards the end of the ski in the following order: actuating element 22, flexor 10, retaining hook 3 including assigned locking element 4.
  • the binding body 6 is in a known manner on the Cover surface 12 of a ski body 18 attached, screwed (fastening screws 19).
  • the binding body 6 has an upwardly open receiving groove 20 for the sole-integrated joint axis 8 which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and approximately parallel to the ski top surface 12 and into which the other leg 14 of the double lever, which holds the locking element 4 for the retaining hook engaging behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8 3 defined, protrudes.
  • the binding body 6 is continued according to FIGS. 1 to 3 towards the end of the ski with the formation of two guide ribs 23 which cooperate with complementary guide grooves 24 on the underside of the outsole of the ski boot 2.
  • the guide ribs 23 are integral components of the binding housing 6, which is preferably made of plastic.
  • the sole-integrated joint axis 8 extends within a groove-like recess 25 on the underside of the front section 9 of the outsole of the ski boot 2, namely at a distance "x" from the bottom of the groove-like recess 25. Furthermore, FIGS 4 and 5 recognize that the sole-integrated joint axis 8 is set back in relation to the front end of the sole or the front support surface 11 at the front end of the sole, in such a way that it lies approximately in the region of the big toe of a cross-country skier. In this way, you get a particularly ergonomic movement during cross-country skiing. At the bottom of the Front portion 9 of the outsole formed recess 25 directly follow the guide grooves 24.
  • the depth of the groove-like recess 25 and the adjoining guide grooves 24 preferably decreases approximately in the front third of their total length, ie approximately to the ball area of the shoe 2, as shown in FIG. 4. Subsequently, the depth of the guide grooves 24 still present then remains approximately constant, the guide grooves 24 preferably being formed only in the front sole region. However, they can also extend to the heel of the shoe 2.
  • a recess 26 for engaging a ski pole tip is formed on the freely accessible upper side of the actuating lever 22.
  • the holding hook 3 is mounted in the binding body 6 so that it can slide back and forth, in the direction of the double arrow 15.
  • the articulation 16 or the corresponding articulation point of the holding hook 3 on the actuating element 22 can be displaced radially with respect to the pivot axis 17 thereof, in particular the articulation axis defining the articulation is guided radially displaceably on the actuating element 22.
  • the holding hook 3 is formed by a flat element which is mounted to slide back and forth in the binding body 6, the one end of which, namely the rear end or the end facing the ski, to one in the closed position the U-shaped bracket 27 engaging behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8, which is open in the direction of the ski tip, is deformed, this bracket 27 having a recess 28 approximately in the center, in the area of which the flat element continues to form a projection 29 which interacts with the blocking element 4 in the blocking position is.
  • the projection 29 has a recess or opening 30 into which the one leg 13 of the double lever defining the locking element 4 engages in the locking position (see FIG. 2).
  • the axis 7 of the double lever defining the locking element 4 is in the illustrated embodiment in the release position of the holding hook 3 approximately in the region of the geometric axis of the U-shaped bracket 27. Furthermore, the double lever defining the locking element 4 towards the bottom 31 of the binding body 6 is approximately V -shaped angled (see Fig. 1 and 2).
  • the flexor 10 is preferably arranged interchangeably in the binding body 6, so that a softer or harder flexor can be used as required.
  • an elastic block for. B. made of rubber material.
  • the receiving groove 20 for the hinge axis 8 is located in an area between the flexor 10 and a roof-shaped housing part 32, which extends into the recess 25 on the underside of the front section of the sole of the ski boot 2, such that the rolling movement of the boot 2 is not hindered in cross-country skiing.
  • a roof-shaped housing part 32 Through the roof-like housing part 32 in the open or release position of the retaining hook 3, the bracket portion 27 and the locking element 4, with the exception of the leg 14 projecting into the receiving groove 20 and that associated with the locking element Leg spring 5 covered.
  • the axis 7, about which the locking element 4 can be pivoted, is also located within the housing part 32.
  • the leg spring 5 is placed about this axis 7 in such a way that one leg is supported on the inside of the housing part 32 and the other leg is supported on the locking element in such a way that it is pushed into the locking position, specifically in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the clockwise direction .
  • the contour of the roof-like housing part 32 and the immediately adjacent guide ribs 23 corresponds both in the longitudinal direction of the ski and transversely thereto the contour of the recess 25 and immediately adjacent guide grooves 24 on the underside of the outsole of the ski boot 2.
  • the contour is the same Parts slightly concave, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This curvature favors the unrolling of the outsole of the ski boot 2 during cross-country skiing.
  • the abovementioned support surface 11 at the front end of the outsole of the ski boot 2 is already in contact with a corresponding inclined surface 33 of the flexor 10 when the ski boot is completely lowered onto the ski top surface 12 of the ski body 18.
  • the flexor 10 is effective from the start when the ski boot is swung up.
  • the flexor 10 can be designed such that the restoring force is either approximately constant or progressively increasing over the entire compression distance.
  • the flat element forming the retaining hook is preferably made of stainless steel or aluminum. It is guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the region between the articulation on the actuating lever 22 and the diametrically arranged bracket section 27 near the bottom 31 of the binding housing 6.
  • the locking element 4 is preferably also made of stainless steel Steel, especially stainless steel, or aluminum. Basically, it is also conceivable to manufacture both the holding member 3 and the locking element 4 from plastic, such as. B. also the operating lever 22nd

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a cross-country or touring ski binding (1) for cross-country skiing shoes (2), each of which has, at its front end (9) of the sole, engaging elements which fit into matching engaging elements on the binding (1) to produce a hinge-like joint. The engaging elements integrated in the sole comprise a spindle (8), which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shoe and approximately parallel to the surface of the sole, and the matching engaging elements on the binding (1) comprise a retaining clasp (3) which passes round behind the spindle (8), forming a hinge with it. The clasp can be moved between a closure position and a release position. Associated with the end (9) of the sole is an elastically deformable element (10) which brings the shoe (2) back from a swung-up position to a position approximately parallel to the ski. To facilitate putting the shoe into and taking it out of the binding, the clasp (3) is held in the release position by a locking element (4) in such a way that, when the shoe is placed in the binding, the locking element is brought by the sole of the shoe (2), in particular by the spindle (8) integrated with the sole, into a non-locking position in which the clasp (3) can be moved unimpeded into its closure position passing round the spindle (8).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Langlauf- oder Tourenskibindung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Eine derartige, ebenfalls auf die Anmelderin zurückgehende Skibindung ist seit kurzem auf dem Markt. Sie wird unter der Kennzeichnung ROTTEFELLA NNN-BC (BACKCOUNTRY) angeboten. Diese Bindung zeichnet sich durch Robustheit, gute Führungseigenschaften sowie funktionssichere Bedienung aus. Dementsprechend groß ist der Anklang beim Verbraucher.The invention relates to a cross-country or touring ski binding according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a ski binding, which also goes back to the applicant, has recently been on the market. It is offered under the ROTTEFELLA NNN-BC (BACKCOUNTRY) label. This binding is characterized by robustness, good management properties and reliable operation. The response from consumers is correspondingly high.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bekannte Skibindung dahingehend zu verbessern, daß sowohl das "Einsteigen" in als auch "Aussteigen" aus der Bindung erleichtert wird. Gleichzeitig soll die Bindung einen ergonomischen Bewegungsablauf grantieren, insbesondere einen Bewegungsablauf ohne übermäßige Belastung des Zehenbereichs des Skilangläufers bei Ausübung seines Sports.The object of the present invention is to improve the known ski binding in such a way that both the "getting in" and "getting out" of the binding is facilitated. At the same time, the binding should grant an ergonomic sequence of movements, in particular a sequence of movements without excessive strain on the toe area of the cross-country skier when exercising.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion erlaubt den Einstieg in die Bindung ohne manuelle Betätigung eines Öffnungsmechanismus. Des weiteren muß nach dem Öffnen der Bindung zum Zwecke des Aussteigens das entsprechende Betätigungselement nicht in Offenstellung gehalten werden, bis der Aussteigvorgang beendet ist. Vielmehr werden die bindungseigenen Eingriffselemente in Offen- bzw. Freigabestellung gehalten, und zwar durch das erfindungsgemaße Sperrelement. Auf diese Weise ist also sowohl ein bequemes Einsteigen in die als auch bequemes Aussteigen aus der Bindung möglich. Insofern stellt die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion auch eine erhebliche Verbesserung gegenüber der bekannten Skibindung nach der EP-A-0 088 673 dar, bei der ebenfalls beim Aussteigen aus der Bindung entweder von Hand oder mittels des Skistocks das den Skischuh fixierende Halteorgan in Offenstellung gehalten werden muß, und zwar entgegen der Wirkung eines dem Halteorgan zugeordneten elastisch verformbaren Elements bzw. Flexors. Die Folge ist, daß beim Aussteigen aus der Bindung der Ski ständig weggedrückt wird und der Skiläufer sehr leicht das Gleichgewicht verliert. Vor allem ist bei derartigen Bindungskonstruktionen das Aussteigen aus der Bindung in gestürzter Lage problematisch; in ungünstigen Fällen ist ein Aussteigen aus der Bindung sogar unmöglich, da die Öffnungskraft für das Halteorgan nicht aufgebracht werden kann. Im übrigen ist bei der letztgenannten Konstruktion auch das Einsteigen in die Bindung problematisch, da das Halteorgan unter ständiger Vorspannung steht. Man muß einen relativ hohen Druck ausüben, um das Halteorgan beim Einsteigen in die Bindung entgegen der erwähnten Vorspannung wegzudrücken.The construction according to the invention allows entry into the binding without manual actuation of an opening mechanism. Furthermore, after opening the binding for the purpose of getting out, the corresponding actuating element does not have to be held in the open position until the getting out process is finished. Rather, the binding engagement elements are held in the open or release position, namely by the locking element according to the invention. In this way, it is both easy to get in and out of the binding. In this respect, the construction according to the invention also represents a significant improvement over the known ski binding according to EP-A-0 088 673, in which the holding member fixing the ski boot must also be held in the open position when exiting the binding either by hand or by means of the ski pole. and that against the action of an elastically deformable element or flexor assigned to the holding member. The result is that when you exit the binding, the ski is constantly pushed away and the skier very easily loses his balance. Above all, with such binding constructions, getting out of the binding in a fallen position is problematic; in unfavorable cases it is even impossible to get out of the binding, since the opening force for the holding member cannot be applied. Moreover, with the latter construction, getting into the binding is also problematic since the holding member is under constant pretension. A relatively high pressure must be exerted in order to push the holding member away from the aforementioned tension when it gets into the binding.

Dadurch, daß das erfindungsgemäße Sperrelement zum einen mit dem Halteorgan, nämlich Haltehaken, und zum anderen mit dem komplementären Eingriffselement am Skischuh zusammenwirkt, ist es auch möglich, eine äußerst kompakte und dennoch funktionssichere Konstruktion zu erhalten.Because the locking element according to the invention interacts on the one hand with the holding member, namely the holding hook, and on the other hand with the complementary engagement element on the ski boot, it is also possible to obtain an extremely compact, yet functionally reliable construction.

Nachstehend wird eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Langlauf- bzw. Tourenskibindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Langlaufskibindung im schematischen Längsschnitt, und zwar in Schließstellung;
Fig. 2
die Skibindung nach Fig. 1 ebenfalls im schematischen Längsschnitt, jedoch in Offen- bzw. Freigabestellung;
Fig. 3
die Skibindung nach Fig. 1 in Draufsicht;
Fig. 4
den Vorderteil eines der Bindung nach den Fig. 1 bis 3 angepaßten Skischuhs im Längsschnitt; und
Fig. 5
den Vorderteil des Skischuhs nach Fig. 4 in Draufsicht auf die Laufsohle.
An embodiment of the cross-country or touring ski binding designed according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
an inventive cross-country ski binding in a schematic longitudinal section, in the closed position;
Fig. 2
the ski binding of Figure 1 also in schematic longitudinal section, but in the open or release position.
Fig. 3
the ski binding of Figure 1 in plan view.
Fig. 4
the front part of the binding of Figures 1 to 3 adapted ski boots in longitudinal section. and
Fig. 5
the front part of the ski boot according to Fig. 4 in plan view of the outsole.

Bei der in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Skibindung handelt es sich um eine Langlauf- oder Tourenskibindung 1 für Langlaufskischuhe 2, die gemäß den Fig. 4 und 5 jeweils an ihrem vorderen Sohlenende 9 in Eingriffselemente der Bindung 1 einfügbare komplementäre Eingriffselemente zur Herstellung einer gelenkartigen Verbindung zwischen Bindung 1 und Skischuh 2 aufweisen. Die sohlenintegrierten Eingriffselemente umfassen eine sich quer zur Schuhlängsrichtung und etwa parallel zur Sohlenlauffläche erstreckende Gelenkachse 8. Die komplementären Eingriffselemente der Bindung 1 umfassen einen die Gelenkachse 8 hintergreifenden und mit dieser ein Scharniergelenk bildenden Haltehaken 3, welcher aus einer Schließstellung gemäß Fig. 1 in eine Freigabestellung gemäß Fig. 2 und umgekehrt bewegbar ist. Dem vorderen Sohlenende 9 ist bindungsseitig ein elastisch verformbares Element, nämlich Flexor 10 zur elastischen Rückstellung des Schuhs 2 aus einer hochgeschwenkten Lage in eine etwa skiparallele Lage zugeordnet. Die Abstützung des Skischuhs 2 am Flexor 10 erfolgt über eine abgeschrägte Stützfläche 11 am vorderen Sohlenende 9. Der Haltehaken 3 ist entsprechend Fig. 2 durch ein Sperrelement 4 in Freigabestellung gehalten, und zwar derart, daß es beim Einstieg in die Bindung durch die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 in eine Außersperr-Stellung entsprechend Fig. 1 bringbar ist. In dieser Stellung bewegt sich der Haltehaken 3 in seine die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 hintergreifende Schließstellung, wobei diese Bewegung durch ein noch weiter unten näher beschriebenes elastisches Element bewirkt wird. Das Sperrelement 4 ist durch eine Schenkelfeder 5 in seine Sperrstellung gemäß Fig. 2 gedrängt. Konkret ist das Sperrelement 4 ein um eine sich quer zur Skilängsrichtung und etwa parallel zur Skideckfläche 12 erstreckende Achse 7 verschwenkbar gelagerter Doppelhebel, dessen eine Schenkel 13 in Sperrstellung mit dem Haltehaken 3 in Eingriff steht, derart, daß dieser in seiner Freigabestellung gehalten ist, und dessen andere Schenkel 14 in die Bewegungsbahn der sohlenintegrierten Gelenkachse 8 beim Einstieg in die Bindung 1 ragt. Wie bereits oben dargelegt, ist der Haltehaken 3 entgegen der Wirkung eines elastischen Elements, nämlich einer Schraubendruckfeder 21, in seine Freigabestellung bewegbar. Diese elastische Element bzw. die genannte Schraubendruckfeder 21 bewirkt auch die selbsttätige Bewegung des Haltehakens 3 in seine Schließstellung gemäß Fig. 1 nach Entriegelung durch das Sperrelement 4. Der Haltehaken 3 ist entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2 an einem schwenkbar gelagerten Betätigungshebel 22 angelenkt, derart, daß die Schwenkbewegung des Betätigungshebels 22 in eine translatorische Hin- und Herbewegung des Haltehakens 3 umsetzbar ist (siehe Doppelpfeil 15). Die Anlenkung 16 des Haltehakens 3 am Betätigungshebel 22 liegt entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2 unterhalb der Schwenkachse 17 des Betätigungshebels 22 innerhalb des Bindungsgehäuses 6, wobei der Betätigungshebel 22 durch die bereits genannte Schraubendruckfeder 21 in eine Lage gedrängt ist, in der sich der Haltehaken 3 in seiner die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 hintergreifenden Schließstellung entsprechend Fig. 1 befindet. Innerhalb des Bindungsgehäuses 6 sind der Flexor 10, der Haltehaken 3, das Betätigungselement 22 und das dem Haltehaken 3 zugeordnete Sperrelement 4 montiert, und zwar von vorne nach hinten bzw. von der Skispitze in Richtung zum Skiende hin in folgender Reihenfolge: Betätigungselement 22, Flexor 10, Haltehaken 3 einschließlich zugeordnetem Sperrelement 4. Der Bindungskörper 6 ist in an sich bekannter Weise auf der Deckfläche 12 eines Skikörpers 18 befestigt, und zwar verschraubt (Befestigungsschrauben 19).1 to 3 is a cross-country or touring ski binding 1 for cross-country ski boots 2, which according to FIGS. 4 and 5 each have insertable complementary engagement elements for the manufacture of a at their front sole end 9 in engagement elements of the binding 1 have articulated connection between binding 1 and ski boot 2. The sole-integrated engagement elements comprise a joint axis 8 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe and approximately parallel to the sole tread. The complementary engagement elements of the binding 1 comprise a retaining hook 3 engaging behind the joint axis 8 and forming a hinge joint therewith, which from a closed position according to FIG. 1 into a release position 2 and vice versa. The front sole end 9 is assigned an elastically deformable element on the binding side, namely a flexor 10 for the elastic return of the shoe 2 from a swiveled-up position into an approximately ski-parallel position. The ski boot 2 is supported on the flexor 10 via a beveled support surface 11 on the front sole end 9. The retaining hook 3 is in the release position according to FIG. 2 by a locking element 4 held, in such a way that it can be brought into an unlocked position according to FIG. 1 when entering the binding through the sole-integrated joint axis 8. In this position, the holding hook 3 moves into its closed position, which engages behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8, this movement being brought about by an elastic element described in more detail below. The locking element 4 is pushed into its locking position according to FIG. 2 by a leg spring 5. Specifically, the locking element 4 is a double lever pivotably mounted about an axis 7 extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and approximately parallel to the ski top surface 12, one leg 13 of which engages in the locking position with the retaining hook 3 such that it is held in its release position, and whose other leg 14 protrudes into the movement path of the sole-integrated joint axis 8 when entering the binding 1. As already explained above, the holding hook 3 can be moved into its release position against the action of an elastic element, namely a helical compression spring 21. This elastic element or the mentioned helical compression spring 21 also causes the automatic movement of the holding hook 3 into its closed position according to FIG. 1 after unlocking by the locking element 4. The holding hook 3 is articulated according to FIGS. 1 and 2 on a pivotably mounted actuating lever 22, such that the pivoting movement of the actuating lever 22 can be converted into a translational back and forth movement of the holding hook 3 (see double arrow 15). The articulation 16 of the holding hook 3 on the actuating lever 22 lies, according to FIGS. 1 and 2, below the pivot axis 17 of the actuating lever 22 within the binding housing 6, the actuating lever 22 being pushed into a position by the helical compression spring 21 already mentioned in which the holding hook is 3 is in its closed position engaging behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8 in accordance with FIG. 1. Within the binding housing 6 are the flexor 10, the holding hook 3, the actuating element 22 and the holding hook 3 assigned locking element 4 mounted, namely from the front to the rear or from the ski tip towards the end of the ski in the following order: actuating element 22, flexor 10, retaining hook 3 including assigned locking element 4. The binding body 6 is in a known manner on the Cover surface 12 of a ski body 18 attached, screwed (fastening screws 19).

Der Bindungskörper 6 weist eine nach oben offene, sich quer zur Skilängsrichtung und etwa parallel zur Skideckfläche 12 erstreckende Aufnahmenut 20 für die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 auf, in die der andere Schenkel 14 des Doppelhebels, welcher das Sperrelement 4 für den die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 hintergreifenden Haltehaken 3 definiert, hineinragt.The binding body 6 has an upwardly open receiving groove 20 for the sole-integrated joint axis 8 which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the ski and approximately parallel to the ski top surface 12 and into which the other leg 14 of the double lever, which holds the locking element 4 for the retaining hook engaging behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8 3 defined, protrudes.

Der Bindungskörper 6 ist entsprechend den Fig. 1 bis 3 in Richtung zum Skiende hin unter Ausbildung von zwei Führungsrippen 23, die mit komplementären Führungsnuten 24 an der Unterseite der Laufsohle des Skischuhs 2 zusammenwirken, fortgesetzt. Die Führungsrippen 23 sind integrale Bestandteile des Bindungsgehäuses 6, welches vorzugweise aus Kunststoff hergestellt ist.The binding body 6 is continued according to FIGS. 1 to 3 towards the end of the ski with the formation of two guide ribs 23 which cooperate with complementary guide grooves 24 on the underside of the outsole of the ski boot 2. The guide ribs 23 are integral components of the binding housing 6, which is preferably made of plastic.

Entsprechend den Fig. 4 und 5 erstreckt sich die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 innerhalb einer nutartigen Ausnehmung 25 an der Unterseite des vorderen Abschnitts 9 der Laufsohle des Skischuhs 2, und zwar im Abstand "x" vom Grund der nutartigen Ausnehmung 25. Des weiteren lassen die Fig. 4 und 5 erkennen, daß die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 gegenüber dem vorderen Sohlenende bzw. der vorderen Stützfläche 11 am vorderen Sohlenende zurückgesetzt ist, und zwar derart, daß sie etwa im Bereich der großen Zehe eines Skilangläufers liegt. Auf diese Weise erhält man einen besonders ergonomischen Bewegungsablauf beim Skilanglauf. An die an der Unterseite des vorderen Abschnitts 9 der Laufsohle ausgebildete Ausnehmung 25 schließen sich die Führungsnuten 24 unmittelbar an. Entsprechend Fig. 4 nimmt die Tiefe der nutartigen Ausnehmung 25 und auch der sich daran anschließenden Führungsnuten 24 ausgehend vom vorderen Sohlenende in Richtung nach hinten bzw. zur Ferse hin zunächst stetig ab, um dann etwa konstant zu bleiben. Vorzugsweise nimmt die Tiefe der nutartigen Ausnehmung 25 und der sich daran anschließenden Führungsnuten 24 etwa im vorderen Drittel ihrer Gesamtlänge, d. h. etwa bis zum Ballenbereich des Schuhs 2 hin stetig ab, so wie dies in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist. Anschließend bleibt die Tiefe der dann noch vorhandenen Führungsnuten 24 etwa konstant, wobei die Führungsnuten 24 vorzugsweise nur im vorderen Sohlenbereich ausgebildet sind. Sie können sich jedoch auch bis zur Ferse des Schuhs 2 hin erstrecken.4 and 5, the sole-integrated joint axis 8 extends within a groove-like recess 25 on the underside of the front section 9 of the outsole of the ski boot 2, namely at a distance "x" from the bottom of the groove-like recess 25. Furthermore, FIGS 4 and 5 recognize that the sole-integrated joint axis 8 is set back in relation to the front end of the sole or the front support surface 11 at the front end of the sole, in such a way that it lies approximately in the region of the big toe of a cross-country skier. In this way, you get a particularly ergonomic movement during cross-country skiing. At the bottom of the Front portion 9 of the outsole formed recess 25 directly follow the guide grooves 24. 4, the depth of the groove-like recess 25 and also the adjoining guide grooves 24, starting from the front end of the sole toward the back or towards the heel, initially decreases steadily in order to then remain approximately constant. The depth of the groove-like recess 25 and the adjoining guide grooves 24 preferably decreases approximately in the front third of their total length, ie approximately to the ball area of the shoe 2, as shown in FIG. 4. Subsequently, the depth of the guide grooves 24 still present then remains approximately constant, the guide grooves 24 preferably being formed only in the front sole region. However, they can also extend to the heel of the shoe 2.

An der frei zugänglichen Oberseite des Betätigungshebels 22 ist eine Mulde 26 zum Eingriff einer Skistockspitze ausgebildet.A recess 26 for engaging a ski pole tip is formed on the freely accessible upper side of the actuating lever 22.

Wie bereits oben angedeutet, ist der Haltehaken 3 im Bindungskörper 6 hin- und herverschieblich gelagert, und zwar in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 15. Um bei der Umsetzung der Schwenkbewegung des Betätigungshebels 22 in die Translationsbewegung des Haltehakens 3 Klemmungen zu vermeiden, ist die Anlenkung 16 bzw. der entsprechende Anlenkpunkt des Haltehakens 3 am Betätigungselement 22 in bezug auf die Schwenkachse 17 desselben radial verlagerbar, insbesondere die die Anlenkung definierende Gelenkachse radial verschiebbar am Betätigungselement 22 geführt.As already indicated above, the holding hook 3 is mounted in the binding body 6 so that it can slide back and forth, in the direction of the double arrow 15. In order to avoid jamming when the pivoting movement of the actuating lever 22 is translated into the translational movement of the holding hook 3, the articulation 16 or the corresponding articulation point of the holding hook 3 on the actuating element 22 can be displaced radially with respect to the pivot axis 17 thereof, in particular the articulation axis defining the articulation is guided radially displaceably on the actuating element 22.

Der Haltehaken 3 ist bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform durch ein im Bindungskörper 6 hin- und herverschieblich gelagertes Flachelement gebildet, dessen eine, nämlich hintere bzw. dem Skiende zugewandte Ende zu einem in Schließstellung die sohlenintegrierte Gelenkachse 8 hintergreifenden, in Richtung zur Skispitze hin offenen, U-förmigen Bügel 27 verformt ist, wobei dieser Bügel 27 etwa mittig eine Ausnehmung 28 aufweist, in dessen Bereich das Flachelement unter Ausbildung eines mit dem Sperrelement 4 in Sperrstellung zusammenwirkenden Vorsprungs 29 fortgesetzt ist. Der Vorsprung 29 weist eine Ausnehmung bzw. Öffnung 30 auf, in die der eine Schenkel 13 des das Sperrelement 4 definierenden Doppelhebels in Sperrstellung eingreift (siehe Fig. 2). Die Achse 7 des das Sperrelement 4 definierenden Doppelhebels liegt bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform in Freigabestellung des Haltehakens 3 etwa im Bereich der geometrischen Achse des U-förmigen Bügels 27. Des weiteren ist der das Sperrelement 4 definierende Doppelhebel zum Boden 31 des Bindungskörpers 6 hin etwa V-förmig abgewinkelt (siehe Fig. 1 und 2).In the embodiment shown, the holding hook 3 is formed by a flat element which is mounted to slide back and forth in the binding body 6, the one end of which, namely the rear end or the end facing the ski, to one in the closed position the U-shaped bracket 27 engaging behind the sole-integrated joint axis 8, which is open in the direction of the ski tip, is deformed, this bracket 27 having a recess 28 approximately in the center, in the area of which the flat element continues to form a projection 29 which interacts with the blocking element 4 in the blocking position is. The projection 29 has a recess or opening 30 into which the one leg 13 of the double lever defining the locking element 4 engages in the locking position (see FIG. 2). The axis 7 of the double lever defining the locking element 4 is in the illustrated embodiment in the release position of the holding hook 3 approximately in the region of the geometric axis of the U-shaped bracket 27. Furthermore, the double lever defining the locking element 4 towards the bottom 31 of the binding body 6 is approximately V -shaped angled (see Fig. 1 and 2).

Der Flexor 10 ist vorzugsweise austauschbar im Bindungskörper 6 angeordnet, so daß je nach Bedarf ein weicherer oder härterer Flexor eingesetzt werden kann.The flexor 10 is preferably arranged interchangeably in the binding body 6, so that a softer or harder flexor can be used as required.

Statt der Schraubendruckfeder 21, die zwischen dem Betätigungshebel 22 und dem Boden 31 des Bindungskörpers 6 plaziert ist, kann ebenfalls ein elastischer Block, z. B. aus Kautschukmaterial, verwendet werden.Instead of the helical compression spring 21, which is placed between the actuating lever 22 and the bottom 31 of the binding body 6, an elastic block, for. B. made of rubber material.

Die Aufnahmenut 20 für die Gelenkachse 8 befindet sich in einem Bereich zwischen dem Flexor 10 und einem dachartig ausgebildeten Gehäuseteil 32, welcher sich in die Ausnehmung 25 an der Unterseite des vorderen Abschnitts der Sohle des Skischuhs 2 hineinerstreckt, derart, daß die Abrollbewegung des Schuhs 2 beim Skilanglauf nicht behindert wird. Durch den dachartigen Gehäuseteil 32 werden in der Offen- bzw. Freigabestellung des Haltehakens 3 dessen Bügelabschnitt 27 sowie das Sperrelement 4 mit Ausnahme des in die Aufnahmenut 20 hineinragenden Schenkels 14 und die dem Sperrelement zugeordnete Schenkelfeder 5 abgedeckt. Auch befindet sich innerhalb des Gehäuseteils 32 die Achse 7, um die das Sperrelement 4 verschwenkbar ist. Um diese Achse 7 ist die Schenkelfeder 5 so plaziert, daß sich der eine Schenkel an der Innenseite des Gehäuseteils 32 und der andere Schenkel an dem Sperrelement derart abstützt, daß dieses in Sperrstellung gedrängt wird, und zwar in den Fig. 1 und 2 in Uhrzeigerrichtung.The receiving groove 20 for the hinge axis 8 is located in an area between the flexor 10 and a roof-shaped housing part 32, which extends into the recess 25 on the underside of the front section of the sole of the ski boot 2, such that the rolling movement of the boot 2 is not hindered in cross-country skiing. Through the roof-like housing part 32 in the open or release position of the retaining hook 3, the bracket portion 27 and the locking element 4, with the exception of the leg 14 projecting into the receiving groove 20 and that associated with the locking element Leg spring 5 covered. The axis 7, about which the locking element 4 can be pivoted, is also located within the housing part 32. The leg spring 5 is placed about this axis 7 in such a way that one leg is supported on the inside of the housing part 32 and the other leg is supported on the locking element in such a way that it is pushed into the locking position, specifically in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the clockwise direction .

Die Kontur des dachartigen Gehäuseteils 32 sowie der sich unmittelbar daran anschließenden Führungsrippen 23 entspricht sowohl in Skilängsrichtung als auch quer dazu der Kontur der Ausnehmung 25 sowie sich unmittelbar daran anschließenden Führungsnuten 24 an der Unterseite der Laufsohle des Skischuhs 2. In Skilängsrichtung ist die Kontur der genannten Teile geringfügig konkav gewölbt, wie die Fig. 1 und 2 erkennen lassen. Durch diese Wölbung wird das Abrollen der Laufsohle des Skischuhs 2 beim Skilanglauf begünstigt.The contour of the roof-like housing part 32 and the immediately adjacent guide ribs 23 corresponds both in the longitudinal direction of the ski and transversely thereto the contour of the recess 25 and immediately adjacent guide grooves 24 on the underside of the outsole of the ski boot 2. In the longitudinal direction of the ski, the contour is the same Parts slightly concave, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. This curvature favors the unrolling of the outsole of the ski boot 2 during cross-country skiing.

Die oben erwähnte Stützfläche 11 am vorderen Ende der Laufsohle des Skischuhs 2 liegt an einer entsprechenden Schrägfläche 33 des Flexors 10 bereits dann an, wenn der Skischuh vollständig auf die Skideckfläche 12 des Skikörpers 18 abgesenkt ist. Auf diese Weise ist der Flexor 10 beim Hochschwenken des Skischuhs von Anbeginn an wirksam. Der Flexor 10 kann so ausgebildet sein, daß die Rückstellkraft über die gesamte Kompressionsstrecke entweder etwa konstant oder progressiv zunehmend ist.The abovementioned support surface 11 at the front end of the outsole of the ski boot 2 is already in contact with a corresponding inclined surface 33 of the flexor 10 when the ski boot is completely lowered onto the ski top surface 12 of the ski body 18. In this way, the flexor 10 is effective from the start when the ski boot is swung up. The flexor 10 can be designed such that the restoring force is either approximately constant or progressively increasing over the entire compression distance.

Das den Haltehaken bildende Flachelement ist vorzugsweise aus nichtrostendem Stahl oder Aluminium hergestellt. Es ist im Bereich zwischen der Anlenkung am Betätigungshebel 22 und dem diametral angeordneten Bügelabschnitt 27 nahe des Bodens 31 des Bindungsgehäuses 6 längsverschieblich geführt.The flat element forming the retaining hook is preferably made of stainless steel or aluminum. It is guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the region between the articulation on the actuating lever 22 and the diametrically arranged bracket section 27 near the bottom 31 of the binding housing 6.

Das Sperrelement 4 ist vorzugsweise ebenfalls aus nichtrostendem Stahl, insbesondere Edelstahl, oder Aluminium hergestellt. Grundsätzlich ist es auch denkbar, sowohl das Halteorgan 3 als auch das Sperrelement 4 aus Kunststoff herzustellen, wie z. B. auch den Betätigungshebel 22.The locking element 4 is preferably also made of stainless steel Steel, especially stainless steel, or aluminum. Basically, it is also conceivable to manufacture both the holding member 3 and the locking element 4 from plastic, such as. B. also the operating lever 22nd

Claims (13)

  1. Cross country or touring ski binding for cross country ski boots (2), which at their front sole end (9) comprise complementary engaging elements, which can be inserted into engaging elements of the binding (1), for the production of a pivotable connection, wherein the engaging elements at the sole side comprise a pivot axis (8), extending transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ski and approximately parallel to the sole tread, and the complimentary engaging elements of the binding (1) comprise a holding hook (3) engaging behind the pivot axis (8) and forming a hinge therewith, which holding hook can be moved out of a locking position into a release position and vice-versa, and wherein an elastically deformable element (flexor 10) is allocated to the front end of the sole (9) - preferably at the binding side - for the purpose of the elastic return movement of the boot (2) from an upwardly pivoted position into a position approximately parallel to the ski,
    characterised in that
    - a blocking element (4), in the form of a double lever displaceably mounted about an axis (7) extending transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ski, is pressed into its blocking position by an elastic element (5),
    - one of the limbs (13) of which blocking element is engaged with the holding hook (3) in the blocking position, while
    - the other limb (14) protrudes into the movement path of the pivot axis (8), integrated into the sole, when stepping into the binding (1), wherein
    - the holding hook (3) is formed by a flat element mounted in a reciprocating displaceable manner in the binding housing (6), the rear end of which flat element in the direction towards the tip of the ski is deformed inwards forming an open u-shaped bracket (27), wherein this bracket (27) comprises, approximately in the middle, a recess (28), in the region of which bracket the flat element is continued forming a projection (29) cooperating in the blocking position with the blocking element (4).
  2. A binding according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the blocking element (4) is pressed into its blocking position by a leg spring (5).
  3. A binding according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the holding hook (3) can be moved into its release position against the effect of an elastic element, in particular a helical compression spring (21).
  4. A binding according to one or several of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the holding hook (3) is articulated at a pivotably mounted operating lever (22) is such a way that the pivoting movement of the operating lever (22) can be transferred into a translatory reciprocating movement (double arrow 15) of the holding hook (3).
  5. A binding according to claim 4,
    characterised in that the link (16) of the holding hook (3) at the operating lever (22) lies below the pivot axis (17) of the same, and that the operating lever (22) is pressed into a position by a spring element, in particular the helical compression spring (21), in which position the holding hook (3) is situated in its locking position.
  6. A binding according to one or several of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the flexor (10), the holding hook (3), the operating element (22) and the blocking element (4), allocated to the holding hook (3), are assembled at or in a common binding housing (6), which housing can be fixed (fixing screws 19) in a known manner on the top surface (12) of a ski body (18).
  7. A binding according to claim 6,
    characterised in that the binding housing (6) comprises a receiving groove (20) for the pivot axis (8) integrated into the sole, which groove is open at the top and extends transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ski and approximately parallel to the ski top surface (12), into which receiving groove, in the release position of the holding hook (3), protrudes the other limb (14) of the double lever serving as a blocking element (4).
  8. A binding according to claim 6 or 7,
    characterised in that the binding body (6) is continued in the direction towards the end of the ski forming at least one guide rib (23) and/or guide groove.
  9. A binding according to one or several of claim 4 to 8, characterised in that at the freely accessible upper side of the operating lever (22) a hollow (26) is formed to engage a point of a ski stick.
  10. A binding according to one or several of claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the holding hook (3) is mounted in the binding housing (6) in a reciprocating displaceable manner, and that the link (16) of the holding hook (3) at the operating element (22) can be radially displaced with relation to the pivot axis (17) of the same, in particular the pivot axis defining the link (16) is guided in a radially displaceable manner at the operating element (22).
  11. A binding according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the projection (29) comprises a recess or opening (30), into which one of the limbs (13) of the double lever defining the blocking element (4) engages in the blocking position.
  12. A binding according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the axis (7) of the double lever defining the blocking element (4), in the release position of the holding hook (3), lies approximately in the region of the geometrical axis of the U-shaped bracket (27).
  13. A binding according to one or several of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the double lever defining the blocking element (4) is bent in towards the base (13) of the binding housing (6) in approximately a V-shape.
EP90903813A 1989-04-12 1990-02-19 Binding for cross-country or touring skis Expired - Lifetime EP0424479B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT9090903813T ATE105199T1 (en) 1989-04-12 1990-02-19 CROSS-COUNTRY OR TOURING SKI BINDINGS.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3912019A DE3912019A1 (en) 1989-04-12 1989-04-12 CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING OR TOURING SKIRTING
DE3912019 1989-04-12
PCT/EP1990/000084 WO1990011806A1 (en) 1989-04-12 1990-02-19 Binding for cross-country or touring skis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0424479A1 EP0424479A1 (en) 1991-05-02
EP0424479B1 true EP0424479B1 (en) 1994-05-04

Family

ID=6378518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90903813A Expired - Lifetime EP0424479B1 (en) 1989-04-12 1990-02-19 Binding for cross-country or touring skis

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5190310A (en)
EP (1) EP0424479B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3912019A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1990011806A1 (en)

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DE4112979A1 (en) * 1991-04-20 1992-10-22 Hannes Marker Cross-country ski binding - has aperture to accommodate ski boot pin and has slide carriage with wire spring lock whose head resets against carriage end wall, with lever
DE9200453U1 (en) * 1992-01-16 1992-03-05 Rottefella AS, Oslo/Osló Cross-country or touring ski bindings for cross-country ski boots
US5558355A (en) * 1992-09-25 1996-09-24 Henry; Howarth P. Snowsport bindings
FR2705248B1 (en) * 1993-05-14 1995-07-28 Salomon Sa Device for retaining a boot on a sliding board.
US5505477A (en) 1993-07-19 1996-04-09 K-2 Corporation Snowboard binding
US5802741A (en) * 1993-07-19 1998-09-08 K-2 Corporation Snowboard boot
US6105994A (en) 1997-04-09 2000-08-22 Parris; James E. Step-in binding having safety release mechanism for Telemark ski
US6394484B1 (en) 1997-04-18 2002-05-28 The Burton Corporation Snowboard boot and binding
US6189913B1 (en) * 1997-12-18 2001-02-20 K-2 Corporation Step-in snowboard binding and boot therefor
DE19809729A1 (en) 1998-03-06 1999-09-09 Rottefella As Cross-country or touring ski binding
FR2850031B1 (en) * 2003-01-21 2006-08-11 Salomon Sa ENERGY FIXING DEPORTEE
AT502278B1 (en) 2005-07-29 2011-07-15 Fischer Gmbh ARRANGEMENT CONSISTING OF A SKI AND A SKI BOOT
NO336669B1 (en) * 2012-11-19 2015-10-19 Rottefella As Ski Binding
ITUD20130138A1 (en) * 2013-10-25 2015-04-26 Calzaturificio Dal Bello S R L SPORTS FOOTWEAR FOR WINTER SPORTS PRACTICE

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US3003777A (en) * 1951-07-13 1961-10-10 Anderson C Hilding Ski binding
FR2439602A1 (en) * 1978-10-24 1980-05-23 Salomon & Fils F DEVICE FOR HOLDING THE END OF A SHOE ON A SKI, PARTICULARLY FASTENING FOR CROSS-COUNTRY OR HIKING SKI
FR2447731A1 (en) * 1979-01-31 1980-08-29 Salomon & Fils F DEVICE FOR CONNECTING A SHOE WITH A SKI, PARTICULARLY FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING
US4487427A (en) * 1979-08-03 1984-12-11 S.A. Etablissements Francois Salomon & Fils System for binding a boot to a ski
CA1181445A (en) * 1981-08-17 1985-01-22 Roderick A. Cooper Toe binding for skis
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DE8404928U1 (en) * 1984-02-18 1985-11-14 Geze Gmbh, 7250 Leonberg Cross-country or hiking ski binding
FR2565117B1 (en) * 1984-06-04 1987-10-09 Salomon Sa DEVICE FOR GUIDING A SKI SHOE, AND CROSS-COUNTRY SHOE AND SKI SUITABLE FOR THIS DEVICE
AT383045B (en) * 1985-02-18 1987-05-11 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete SKI BINDING, ESPECIALLY FOR CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING
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DE8802115U1 (en) * 1987-02-18 1988-07-07 Franz Veeser, Plastic-Werk Gmbh & Co Kg, 7750 Konstanz Cross-country ski binding
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FR2635014B1 (en) * 1988-08-05 1990-10-12 Salomon Sa CROSS-COUNTRY SKI ATTACHMENT WITH AUTOMATIC CLOSING

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5190310A (en) 1993-03-02
WO1990011806A1 (en) 1990-10-18
EP0424479A1 (en) 1991-05-02
DE59005609D1 (en) 1994-06-09
DE3912019A1 (en) 1990-10-18

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