EP0420945A1 - Articulated stand. - Google Patents

Articulated stand.

Info

Publication number
EP0420945A1
EP0420945A1 EP89912389A EP89912389A EP0420945A1 EP 0420945 A1 EP0420945 A1 EP 0420945A1 EP 89912389 A EP89912389 A EP 89912389A EP 89912389 A EP89912389 A EP 89912389A EP 0420945 A1 EP0420945 A1 EP 0420945A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
articulated
ball
clamping
sleeve
articulated arm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89912389A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0420945B1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Meier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MP-TEC AG
Original Assignee
Tekusa AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tekusa AG filed Critical Tekusa AG
Priority to AT89912389T priority Critical patent/ATE96528T1/en
Publication of EP0420945A1 publication Critical patent/EP0420945A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0420945B1 publication Critical patent/EP0420945B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/02Heads
    • F16M11/04Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
    • F16M11/06Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting
    • F16M11/12Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting in more than one direction
    • F16M11/14Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting in more than one direction with ball-joint
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M11/00Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
    • F16M11/20Undercarriages with or without wheels
    • F16M11/2007Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment
    • F16M11/2035Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment in more than one direction
    • F16M11/2078Undercarriages with or without wheels comprising means allowing pivoting adjustment in more than one direction with ball-joint
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16MFRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M2200/00Details of stands or supports
    • F16M2200/02Locking means
    • F16M2200/021Locking means for rotational movement
    • F16M2200/022Locking means for rotational movement by friction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S248/00Supports
    • Y10S248/904Indicator mount
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32008Plural distinct articulation axes
    • Y10T403/32032Plural ball and socket
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32254Lockable at fixed position
    • Y10T403/32262At selected angle
    • Y10T403/32311Ball and socket

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an articulated stand which is used in particular for carrying dial gauges. However, it can also be used for any other purpose, wherever an object has to be held in a certain location in a certain location.
  • Various articulated stands for this purpose are already known. They essentially consist of two articulated arms that can be swiveled towards one another via a central joint and that can be locked in any position.
  • the articulated arms have ball joints at their ends, the balls of which are provided with a bolt which can then be rotated and pivoted as desired in the degrees of freedom given by the ball joint.
  • One bolt is then, for example, firmly attached to a foot, while the other carries the object to be held.
  • the articulated stand also has means to both the center brace the central swivel joint between the two joint arms as well as the ball joints.
  • tensioning means which can be actuated by a single handle, so that all the joints of the stand are tensioned at the same time.
  • Such articulated stands are used in general for holding any objects, for example for holding parts to be glued, glued or welded. By slightly loosening the tensioning mechanism, all joints can be moved with the same force, which is helpful for adapting a desired object position.
  • the known bracing means on the pivot axis of the two articulated arms include axially displaceably mounted elements with inclined surfaces, which can be moved to one another by means of a threaded connection to at least one of these elements provided with a conical surface by means of a thread arranged on the pivot pin.
  • the conical inclined surfaces or run-on surfaces then act on the push rods, which are mounted longitudinally displaceably in the articulated arms and finally push the rods in the ball joints with those tighten .
  • the aim of all these articulated stand constructions is, of course, to achieve the greatest possible precision and resilience with the simplest and lightest possible construction.
  • the articulated stand should namely be built and constructed so stably that it is as high as possible on the articulated arm ends occurring forces can absorb their position without changing. So that the articulated stand, which is clamped via a single handle, is particularly user-friendly to handle as a dial gauge stand, the bracing of the individual joints on such a dial gauge stand should not take place exactly at the same time, as already mentioned. If this is the case, the tensioned articulated stand suddenly collapses completely when the tension is released.
  • the conventional articulated tripods are constructed from a considerable number of individual parts. This makes their manufacture expensive and if the individual parts are movable, they each cause a corresponding tolerance in their movement. Wherever two moving parts lie against each other, there is a transition point where a corresponding game is possible. However, every possible game ultimately increases the tolerance and accordingly results in relatively unstable eating conditions on the measuring instrument being carried.
  • an articulated tripod in particular for level gauges, with two articulated arms pivotably connected to one another via a central articulation, each of which carries a ball joint at its end, and with one Single handle actuated clamping means for the firm bracing of all joints, which is characterized in that at least one ball of the ball joints per joint arm side rests on a support surface which is fixed with respect to the joint arm.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the articulated tripod
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the articulated arm axes through the entire articulated stand
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail from FIG. 2 with the force loss shown
  • FIG. 4 shows a variant of the central swivel joint with abutments in the clamping sleeves in section.
  • a state according to the invention is shown in such a way that all of its components are clearly visible.
  • a ball joint 2 is arranged at both ends of the articulated arms 1, although only one is shown in FIG. 1, a ball joint 2 is arranged.
  • the articulated arms 1 both have a through hole which has a considerably larger diameter than the clamping bolt 7.
  • Clamping sleeves 9, 10 are guided in these bores and are in turn axially displaceably mounted on the clamping bolt 7.
  • One clamping sleeve 9 is freely displaceable on the clamping bolt 7, while the other clamping sleeve 10 is threaded on the clamping bolt 7.
  • the clamping sleeve 9 protrudes into both the one articulated arm 1 and is therefore always seated in both bores at the same time. It thus acts as the actual bearing pin for the central joint 3, by means of which the two articulated arms 1 can be pivoted relative to one another. Due to the relatively large diameter of this clamping sleeve 9, which acts as a bearing pin, high precision and stability of the swivel joint 3 is achieved. The greater the diameter of the bearing pin, the smaller the possible tolerance of torsion is.
  • On one end of the clamping bolt 7 there is a handle 20 which is firmly connected and secured by means of a thread with the clamping bolt 7.
  • the balls 18 rest there on the push rods 14, which are guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the longitudinal bores of the articulated arms 1.
  • support elements 15 for the balls 4 of the ball joints 2 are firmly connected to the articulated arms 1.
  • Support that ball! emente 15 are essentially hü! Sen-shaped, the sleeve having a square hole 16 running transversely to the sleeve axis.
  • two cyl indersege duck 13 are held, which are used to transmit the thrust of the thrust Push rods 14 serve.
  • the ball support element 15 is formed in a spherical, concave ring surface 24, into each of which the ball 4 of the corresponding ball joint 2 fits.
  • the annular surface 24 serves as the actual ball support surface.
  • Another sleeve 11 is now placed over the ball 4 and further over the square hole 16 in the ball support element 15 beyond that ball support element 15. At the end, the inner edge of this sleeve 11 is shaped into a spherical, concave ring surface 12, in which the ball 4 fits in a form-fitting manner.
  • the inside of the sleeve 11 has a circular groove 19, on which the edges of the cylinder segments 13 act, as will become clear from FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the balls 4 of the ball joints 2 are provided with a bolt 25, which is used either as a support for the entire articulated stand or on the other hand as a support for a Fei nei nstel 1 for holding a measuring instrument, for example a feeler! -Meas ⁇ clock, or any tool or object is used.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same articulated stand as in FIG. 1, but assembled and in a section along the articulated arm axes, the articulated arms 1 at an angle! are spread from each other by 180 °.
  • the articulated arms 1 are each constructed from a one-piece hollow chassis. This enables a particularly elegant and simple construction, because each hollow chassis can serve as a supporting part for all further, fixed or movable components of the stand. In the present case, this hollow chassis is of a particularly simple shape. It has only two through bores of different diameters, the smaller bore serving to receive the push rods 14 and opening into the larger bore in which the clamping sleeves 9, 10 are guided.
  • One clamping sleeve 9 also acts as a bearing pin for the central swivel joint 3, as can be seen very nicely here.
  • the two clamping sleeves 9, 10 are arranged in tandem. So they always move in the same direction at the same time and always lie snugly against each other. This arrangement no longer provides automatic compensation of the clamping forces at each clamping joint, as is the case when the clamping sleeves are displaced relative to one another in order to build up the bracing.
  • the simultaneous bracing with exactly the same clamping force proves not to be an urgent requirement in the design as a dial gauge stand.
  • tensioning the individual joints in a certain order is very desirable. This is exactly what is achieved with the tandem arrangement of the adapter sleeves with a minimal number realized by components without any pressure springs.
  • the clamping sleeves 9, 10 have conical surfaces 17 which bear against the balls 18.
  • the balls are pressed into the bores in the articulated arms 1 by the conical surfaces 17, as a result of which the clamping force is transmitted to the push rods 14.
  • the push rods 14 pass through the ball support elements 15 and protrude into the square hole 16, which is supported across that ball! e ente 15 runs.
  • the end face of the push rods 14 acts on the peripheral segment cut edge of two cylinder segments 13, which are inserted in the square hole 6.
  • the cylinder segments 13 each form a segment section from a cylinder, which includes an angle of more than 180 °.
  • the cylinder diameter is larger than the outer radius of the ball support! ementes 15. As a result, the opposite peripheral edge of the cylinder segments 13 projects beyond the ball support element 15.
  • FIG. 3 shows the power flow loss on a single articulated arm particularly clearly.
  • the causal clamping force F generated by the actuation of the handle 20, pulls the clamping sleeve 10 towards the handle 20.
  • the reaction force is released from the clamping ring 22 onto the hollow chassis of the articulated arm 1 and, like all other reaction forces, was not shown here.
  • the clamping force F is then, as indicated by the arrows, transmitted to the balls 18 by means of the conical surfaces 17. With minimal tolerance tolerance this happens when the forces be distributed along the longest possible circumferential line on the ball 18. Therefore, the conical surfaces 17 are advantageously formed as conically milled round grooves, the radius of which corresponds to that of the ball 18. As a result, the ball 18 always rolls on a contact line in the groove.
  • the ball 18 and the bore in the articulated arm 1 are so dimensioned that the ball 18 fits as precisely as possible into the bore.
  • the reaction forces in the articulated arm 1 then occur along a circumferential line which extends approximately 180 °.
  • the ball 18 transmits the clamping force further to the push rod 14, which in turn acts on the peripheral edges or segment cut edges of the two cylinder segments 13.
  • the reaction forces are applied by the ball support element 15, which is firmly connected to the hollow chassis. Similar to a swing, each cylinder segment 13 redirects the force to the sleeve 11 by pressing the circular groove 19 with its other peripheral edge. This finally pulls the sleeve 11 against the ball 4, whereby the ball joint 2 is braced.
  • the tolerance play on the ball joint can be further reduced in comparison to conventional constructions.
  • the position of the ball 4 is always defined by its contact with the rigid ball support element 15, which is fixed with the Hollow chassis of the articulated arm 1 is screwed. Thanks to this construction, the ball-supporting element 15 can be dimensioned in such a way that it can easily absorb the thrust and normal forces acting through the bracing in its interior.
  • the ball of the ball-and-socket joint is pressed away from the push rod — or directly away from the articulated arm against the sleeve surrounding it.
  • the required limitation of the tolerance due to the elasticity of the sleeve and the minimization of its size or its diameter. Given the small diameter of the sleeve 1! the achievable tolerance play is significantly reduced with the construction according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative construction of the tensioning mechanism on an articulated stand according to the invention.
  • This tensioning mechanism is particularly suitable if the tensioning forces at all joints are to be balanced or if the tensioning force is to be particularly great.
  • the surfaces on the clamping sleeves 9, 10 are grooves milled transversely to the axis of the clamping sleeve, which act as abutments for cams fitting into them
  • the cams 25 serve.
  • the cams 25 are inserted as bolts into the balls 18 and enlarge the toggle lever effect on the push rods 14, which is otherwise caused by the balls, by acting as a toggle lever.
  • the new design of the articulated stand means that fewer components are generally required.
  • the assembly or disassembly is significantly easier, which also contributes to less complex production.
  • the particularly large dimensioned clamping sleeves 9, 10 perform a stabilizing function in addition to their function during tensioning. Their large friction surfaces allow a particularly stable bracing of the central hinge 3 of the two articulated arms 1 and thus ensure optimum security against rotation. Because one clamping sleeve 9 even connects both articulated arms 1 as bearing bolts, it also performs an important centering function.
  • This bearing pin therefore not only contributes to security against rotation, but also to torsional stability.
  • the large-sized balls 18 also have a strong functional effect. They are not only particularly low-friction power transmission elements, but also act like a force translator like a toggle lever by increasing the tension force acting on the ball joints.
  • the permanent support of the balls 4 of the ball joints 2 on the support elements 15 firmly connected to the joint arms 1 ensures an absolutely direct and tolerance-free connection. The balls 4 are thus kept free of play and blur.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

Le support articulé présente deux bras articulés (1) montés pivotant mutuellement, et dont les extrémités portent chacune un joint à rotule (2). Les sphères (4) des joints à rotule (2) sont serrées en prévoyant pour chacune un manchon (11) tirant la sphère (4) contre un élément d'appui (15) fixé à demeure au bras articulé (1). Le mécanisme de serrage agit par l'intermédiaire de douilles de serrage (9, 10) présentant des surfaces d'appui coniques, lesquelles exercent, lors de la traction, par l'intermédiaire d'une sphère (18), une force sur les tiges coulissantes (14), dont la contrainte de poussée est déviée aux extrémités du bras articulé (1) de telle façon que le manchon (11) est tiré à l'encontre du bras articulé (1).The articulated support has two articulated arms (1) mounted pivoting mutually, and the ends of which each carry a ball joint (2). The spheres (4) of the ball joints (2) are tightened by providing for each a sleeve (11) pulling the sphere (4) against a support element (15) fixed permanently to the articulated arm (1). The clamping mechanism acts by means of clamping sleeves (9, 10) having conical bearing surfaces, which exert, during traction, by means of a sphere (18), a force on the sliding rods (14), the thrust stress of which is deflected at the ends of the articulated arm (1) so that the sleeve (11) is pulled against the articulated arm (1).

Description

GELENKSTATIV JOINT TRIPOD
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Gelenkstativ, das insbesondere zum Tragen von Messuhren verwendet wird. Es kann jedoch auch für beliebige andere Zwecke benützt wer¬ den, wo immer auch ein Objekt an einem bestimmten Ort in einer bestimmten Lage festgehalten werden uss. Es sind be¬ reits verschiedene Gelenkstative für diese Zwecke bekannt. Im wesentlichen bestehen sie aus zwei über ein zentrales Gelenk zueinander verscriwenkbaren und in jeder Lage fest¬ stellbaren Gelenkarmen. Die Gelenkarme tragen an ihren En¬ den Kugelgelenke, deren Kugeln mit einem Bolzen versehen sind, welcher dann in den durch das Kugelgelenk gegebenen Freiheitsgraden beliebig dreh- und schwenkbar ist. Der eine Bolzen wird dann zum Beispiel fest an einen Fuss montiert, während der andere das festzuhaltende Objekt trägt. Das Ge¬ lenkstativ weist im übrigen Mittel auf, um sowohl das zen- trale Schwenkgelenk zwischen den zwei Gelenkarmen wie auch die Kugelgelenke fest zu verspannen. Im speziellen gibt es solche Verspannungsmittel , welche durch einen einzigen Handgriff betätigbar sind, so dass alle Gelenke des Stativs zugleich verspannt werden. Derartige Gelenkstative werden ganz allgemein zum Festhalten irgendwelcher Objekte be¬ nützt, zum Beispiel zum Festhalten von zu verlötenden zu verleimenden oder zu verschweissenden Teilen. Durch leich¬ tes Lösen des Verspannungsmechani smus lassen sich alle Ge¬ lenke mit gleicher Kraft bewegen, was zum Anpassen einer gewünschten Objektlage hilfreich ist. An Messuhrenstationen hingegen ist es erwünscht, dass die Gelenke in einer be¬ stimmten Reihenfolge verspannt werden, was durch eine besondere Auslegung der Verspannungsmittel erreicht wird. Meistens schliessen die bekannten Verspannungsmittel auf der Schwenkachse der beiden Gelenkarme axial verschiebbar gelagerte Elemente mit geneigten Auf1 auff1 chen ein, die kraft eines auf dem Schwenkbolzen angeordneten Handgriffs mittels einer Gewindeverbindung zu mindestens einem dieser mit einer konischen Fläche versehenen Elemente zueinander bewegbar sind. Die konischen Schrägflächen oder Auflaufflä¬ chen beaufschlagen dann itte!- oder unmittelbar in den Ge¬ lenkarmen längsverschiebbar gelagerte Schubstangen, welche schliesslich die Kugeln in den Kugelgelenken mit jenen ver- s p an nen .The present invention relates to an articulated stand which is used in particular for carrying dial gauges. However, it can also be used for any other purpose, wherever an object has to be held in a certain location in a certain location. Various articulated stands for this purpose are already known. They essentially consist of two articulated arms that can be swiveled towards one another via a central joint and that can be locked in any position. The articulated arms have ball joints at their ends, the balls of which are provided with a bolt which can then be rotated and pivoted as desired in the degrees of freedom given by the ball joint. One bolt is then, for example, firmly attached to a foot, while the other carries the object to be held. The articulated stand also has means to both the center brace the central swivel joint between the two joint arms as well as the ball joints. In particular, there are tensioning means which can be actuated by a single handle, so that all the joints of the stand are tensioned at the same time. Such articulated stands are used in general for holding any objects, for example for holding parts to be glued, glued or welded. By slightly loosening the tensioning mechanism, all joints can be moved with the same force, which is helpful for adapting a desired object position. At dial gauge stations, on the other hand, it is desirable for the joints to be braced in a certain order, which is achieved by a special design of the bracing means. In most cases, the known bracing means on the pivot axis of the two articulated arms include axially displaceably mounted elements with inclined surfaces, which can be moved to one another by means of a threaded connection to at least one of these elements provided with a conical surface by means of a thread arranged on the pivot pin. The conical inclined surfaces or run-on surfaces then act on the push rods, which are mounted longitudinally displaceably in the articulated arms and finally push the rods in the ball joints with those tighten .
Beim Festziehen des Handgriffs werden zudem auch die beiden Gelenkarme aufeinander gedrückt und gegenseitig verspannt. Bei einem bekannten derartigen Gelenkstativ wird eine ähn¬ liche Wirkung wie mit konischen Elementen mittels Spannhül¬ sen erzielt, in welche je eine senkrecht zur Hülsenachse verlaufende Nut eirigefräst ist. Jene Nut wirkt gewisser- massen als Konus, indem sie als Widerlager für einen Knie¬ hebel dient, welcher mit seinem anderen Ende an der Schub¬ stange anliegt. Werden die Spannhülsen gegeneinander be¬ wegt, so werden die Kniehebel in den Widerlagern leicht ge¬ schwenkt und drücken dadurch auf die Schubstangenenden. Je länger dabei die Kniehebel sind, um so grösser ist deren Kraftübersetzung und um so kleiner der erzielbare Verschie¬ beweg der Schubstangen. In einem anderen bekannten Gelenk¬ stativ werden anstelle von Kniehebeln Kugeln verwendet, wo¬ bei dann die konischen Elemente Spannhülsen mit geneigten Auf1 auff1 chen sind, die durch konisch gefräste Nuten sphä¬ rischen Querschnitts ge ildet sind.When the handle is tightened, the two articulated arms are also pressed together and braced against one another. In a known articulated stand of this type, a similar effect is achieved as with conical elements by means of clamping sleeves, in each of which a groove running perpendicular to the sleeve axis is milled. To a certain extent, that groove acts as a cone, in that it serves as an abutment for a toggle lever which rests on the push rod with its other end. If the clamping sleeves are moved towards each other, the toggle levers in the abutments are pivoted slightly and thereby press on the push rod ends. The longer the toggle levers are, the greater their power transmission and the smaller the achievable displacement of the push rods. In another known articulated stand, balls are used instead of toggle levers, in which case the conical elements are clamping sleeves with inclined surfaces, which are formed by conically milled grooves of spherical cross section.
Ziel all dieser Gelenkstativ-Konstruktionen ist es natür¬ lich, bei möglichst einfachem und leichtem Aufbau die grösst ögl i ehe Präzision und Spannkraft zu erreichen. Das Gelenkstativ sollte nämlich so stabil gebaut und konstru¬ iert sein, dass es möglichst hohe, an den Gelenkarmenden auftretende Kräfte ohne Veränderung deren Lage absorbieren kann. Damit das Gelenkstativ, welches ja über einen einzi¬ gen Handgriff verspannt wird, speziell als Messuhrenstativ bedienerfreundlich zu handhaben ist, sollte die Verspannung der einzelnen Gelenke an .einem solchen Messuhrenstativ, wie schon erwähnt, nicht genau gleichzeitig erfolgen. Ist dieses nämlich der Fall, so fällt das verspannte Gelenkstativ beim Lösen der Verspannung plötzlich gänzlich in sich zusammen. Hingegen ist es bei der Installation als Messuhrenstativ hilfreich, wenn beim Verspannen zuerst das als Fuss des Gelenkstatives wirkende Kugelgelenk verspannt wird, dann das zentrale Schwenkgelenk und schliesslich das Kugelgelenk, welches mittels einer Messuhrhalterung beziehungsweise Feineinstel 1Vorrichtung die Messuhr trägt. Funktioniert das Gelenkstativ derart, so werden nach und. nach die Freiheitsgrade der Bewegung des zu tragenden Messinstrumentes eingeschränkt und zusätzlich wird schon eine gewisse Stab l sierung desselben gewährleistet. So kann entsprechend von einer Grob-Positionierung schritt¬ weise zu einer Feineinstellung der Lage des Mess¬ instrumentes fortgeschritten werden. An herkömmlichen Ge¬ lenkstativen wird diese aufeinanderfolgende Verspannung der einzelnen Gelenke dadurch erzielt, dass Druckfedern ver¬ schiedener Stärke in geeigneter Weise den einzelnen Ueber- tragungsel ementen der Verspannung zwischengeschaltet wer¬ den.The aim of all these articulated stand constructions is, of course, to achieve the greatest possible precision and resilience with the simplest and lightest possible construction. The articulated stand should namely be built and constructed so stably that it is as high as possible on the articulated arm ends occurring forces can absorb their position without changing. So that the articulated stand, which is clamped via a single handle, is particularly user-friendly to handle as a dial gauge stand, the bracing of the individual joints on such a dial gauge stand should not take place exactly at the same time, as already mentioned. If this is the case, the tensioned articulated stand suddenly collapses completely when the tension is released. On the other hand, when installing as a dial gauge stand, it is helpful if the ball joint acting as the base of the articulated stand is tensioned first, then the central swivel joint and finally the ball joint, which carries the dial gauge using a dial gauge holder or fine adjustment device. If the articulated stand works in this way, then gradually . according to the degrees of freedom of movement of the measuring instrument to be carried and additionally a certain stabilization of the same is guaranteed. Accordingly, it is possible to progress from a rough positioning step by step to a fine adjustment of the position of the measuring instrument. On conventional articulated tripods, this successive bracing of the individual joints is achieved in that compression springs of various strengths suitably support the individual supporting elements of the tension are interposed.
Die herkömmlichen Gelenkstative sind aus einer beträchtli¬ chen Anzahl von Einzelteilen aufgebaut. Dieses macht ihre Fabrikation teuer und falls es sich bei den Einzelteilen um bewegliche handelt, verursachen diese je eine entsprechende Toleranz in deren Bewegung. Ueberall, wo zwei bewegliche Teile aneinander anliegen, ensteht ein Uebergangspunkt , wo ein entsprechendes Spiel möglich ist. Jedes mögliche Spiel aber vergrössert letztendlich die Toleranz und hat am ge¬ tragenen Messinstrument entsprechend relativ unstabile essverhältnisse zur Folge.The conventional articulated tripods are constructed from a considerable number of individual parts. This makes their manufacture expensive and if the individual parts are movable, they each cause a corresponding tolerance in their movement. Wherever two moving parts lie against each other, there is a transition point where a corresponding game is possible. However, every possible game ultimately increases the tolerance and accordingly results in relatively unstable eating conditions on the measuring instrument being carried.
Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Gelenkstativ der obenerwähnten Art zu schaffen, welches mit einem Minimum an Uebergangspunkten auskommt, aus möglichst wenigen Einzelteilen aufgebaut ist und eine möglichst grosse Spannkraft zu erzeugen vermag.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an articulated tripod of the type mentioned above, which manages with a minimum of transition points, is made up of as few individual parts as possible and can generate the greatest possible clamping force.
Diese Aufgabe löst ein Gelenkstativ, insbesondere für Fü l- hebel essuhren, mit zwei über ein zentrales Gelenk gegen¬ einander schwenkbar verbundenen Gelenkarmen, die je an ih¬ rem Ende ein Kugelgelenk tragen, und mit mittels eines einzigen Handgriffs betätigbaren Spannmitteln zur festen Verspannung sämtlicher Gelenke, das sich dadurch auszeich¬ net, dass mindestens eine Kugel der Kugelgelenke je gelenk- armseitig an einer bezüglich des Gelenkarmes festen Ab- stützfläche anliegt.This problem is solved by an articulated tripod, in particular for level gauges, with two articulated arms pivotably connected to one another via a central articulation, each of which carries a ball joint at its end, and with one Single handle actuated clamping means for the firm bracing of all joints, which is characterized in that at least one ball of the ball joints per joint arm side rests on a support surface which is fixed with respect to the joint arm.
Anhand der Zeichnungen werden beispielsweise Ausführungen des erfindungsgemässen Gelenkstativs gezeigt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung im einzelnen erläutert.On the basis of the drawings, examples of the articulated stand according to the invention are shown and explained in detail in the following description.
Es zeigt:It shows:
Figur 1 eine perspektivische Explosionszeichnung des Gelenkstativ;Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of the articulated tripod;
Figur 2 einen Schnitt längs der Gelenkarmachsen durch das ganze Gelenkstativ;FIG. 2 shows a section along the articulated arm axes through the entire articulated stand;
Figur 3 einen Ausschnitt aus Figur 2 mit eingezeichnetem Kraftverl auf;FIG. 3 shows a detail from FIG. 2 with the force loss shown;
Figur 4 eine Variante des zentralen Schwenkgelenkes mit Widerlagern in den Spannhülsen im Schnitt. In Figur 1 ist ein erfi π ungsgemasses beιen staπv so αar- gestellt, dass alle seine Bestandteile gut ersichtlich sind. Es sind zwei Gelenkarme 1 vorhanden, die beide dreh¬ bar um eine gemeinsame Achse 6 gelagert sind, wobei die Achse 6 von einem Spannbolzen 7 gebildet wird, welcher bei¬ de Gelenkarme 1 durchsetzt und ein zentrales Schwenkgelenk 3 bildet. An beiden Enden der Gelenkarme 1 , obwohl in Figur 1 bloss eines gezeigt ist, ist ein Kugelgelenk 2 angeord¬ net. Die Gelenkarme 1 weisen beide eine Durchgangsbohrung auf, die beträchtlich grösseren Durchmesser als der Spann¬ bolzen 7 hat. In diesen Bohrungen sind Spannhülsen 9,10 ge¬ führt, welche ihrerseits auf dem Spannbolzen 7 axial ver¬ schiebbar gelagert sind. Die eine Spannhülse 9 sitzt dabei frei verschiebbar auf dem Spannbolzen 7, während die andere Spannhülse 10 auf dem Spannbolzen 7 gewindegelagert ist. Die Spannhülse 9 ragt sowohl in den einen wie den anderen Gelenkarm 1, sitzt also stets in beiden Bohrungen gleich¬ zeitig. Damit wirkt sie als eigentlicher Lagerbolzen für das zentrale Gelenk 3, mittels dem die beiden Gelenkarme 1 zueinander verschwenkbar sind. Durch den relativ grossen Durchmesser dieser als Lagerbolzen wirkenden Spannhülse 9 wird eine hohe Präzision und Stabilität des Schwenkgelenkes 3 erzielt. Eine mögliche Verwi ndungstol eranz wird nämlich umso kleiner, je grösser der Durchmesser des Lagerbolzens ist. Auf dem einen Ende des Spaπnbolzens 7 sitzt ein Hand¬ griff 20, welcher über ein Gewinde mit dem Spannbolzen 7 fest verbunden und gesichert ist.Figure 4 shows a variant of the central swivel joint with abutments in the clamping sleeves in section. In FIG. 1, a state according to the invention is shown in such a way that all of its components are clearly visible. There are two articulated arms 1, both of which are rotatably mounted about a common axis 6, the axis 6 being formed by a clamping bolt 7 which passes through both articulated arms 1 and forms a central swivel joint 3. At both ends of the articulated arms 1, although only one is shown in FIG. 1, a ball joint 2 is arranged. The articulated arms 1 both have a through hole which has a considerably larger diameter than the clamping bolt 7. Clamping sleeves 9, 10 are guided in these bores and are in turn axially displaceably mounted on the clamping bolt 7. One clamping sleeve 9 is freely displaceable on the clamping bolt 7, while the other clamping sleeve 10 is threaded on the clamping bolt 7. The clamping sleeve 9 protrudes into both the one articulated arm 1 and is therefore always seated in both bores at the same time. It thus acts as the actual bearing pin for the central joint 3, by means of which the two articulated arms 1 can be pivoted relative to one another. Due to the relatively large diameter of this clamping sleeve 9, which acts as a bearing pin, high precision and stability of the swivel joint 3 is achieved. The greater the diameter of the bearing pin, the smaller the possible tolerance of torsion is. On one end of the clamping bolt 7 there is a handle 20 which is firmly connected and secured by means of a thread with the clamping bolt 7.
Mit der Drehung des Handgriffs 20 wird also auch der Spannbolzen 7 gedreht. Beim Anziehen des Handgriffs 20 drückt dieser auf ein Axial-Nadellager 21, welches seiner¬ seits auf den Spannring 22 drückt. Durch das Axial-Nadella¬ ger 21 wird die auftretende Reibung zwischen Handgriff 20 und Spannring 22 praktisch eliminiert, sodass kein Drehmo¬ ment auf den Spannring 22 übertragen wird. Infolge der Ge¬ windeverbindung des Spannbolzens 7 mit der Spannhülse 10 wird diese beim Anziehen des Handgriffes 20 gegen jenen hingezogen. Beide Spannhülsen 9,10 weisen konisch gefräste Rundnuten 23 auf, die als Auf1 auff1 ächen für die Kugeln 18 dienen, die präzis in entsprechende Längsbohrungen in den Gelenkarmen 1 einpassen. Die Kugeln 18 liegen dort an den Schubstangen 14 an, die längsverschiebbar in den Läng'sboh- rungen der Gelenkarme 1 geführt sind. Am äusseren Ende der Gelenkarme 1 sind Abstützelemente 15 für die Kugeln 4 der Kugelgelenke 2 fest mit den Gelenkarmen 1 verbunden. Jene Kugel abstütze! emente 15 sind im wesentlichen hü! senförmig, wobei die Hülse ein quer zur Hülsenachse verlaufendes Vier¬ kantloch 16 aufweist. In jenem sind zwei Zyl indersege ente 13 gehalten, die zur Kraftübertragung der Schubkraft der Schubstangen 14 dienen. Endsei tig ist edes Kugelabstütz¬ element 15 in eine sphärische, konkave Ringfläche 24 ausge¬ bildet, in welche je die Kugel 4 des entsprechenden Kugel¬ gelenkes 2 einpasst. Die Ringfläche 24 dient als eigentli¬ che Kugel abstützfl äche. Eine weitere Hülse 11 ist nun über die Kugel 4 und weiter über das Vierkantloch 16 im Kugelab¬ stützelement 15 hinaus über jenes Kugel abstützel ement 15 gestülpt. Endseitig ist der Innenrand dieser Hülse 11 in eine sphärische, konkave Ringfläche 12 ausgeformt, in wel¬ che die Kugel 4 formschlüssig einpasst. Die Hülse 11 weist in ihrer Innenseite eine Kreisnut 19 auf, auf welche die Ränder der Zylindersegmente 13 wirken, wie das anhand von Figur 2 und 3 noch klar wird. Die Kugeln 4 der Kugelgelenke 2 sind mit einem Bolzen 25 versehen, welcher entweder als Träger des ganzen Gelenkstativs oder auf der anderen Seite als Träger einer Fei nei nstel 1 vorri chtung zum Festhalten eines Messinstrumentes, zum Beispiel einer Fühl hebe! -Mess¬ uhr, oder eines beliebigen Werkzeuges oder Objektes dient.With the rotation of the handle 20, the clamping bolt 7 is also rotated. When the handle 20 is tightened, it presses on an axial needle bearing 21, which in turn presses on the clamping ring 22. The friction between the handle 20 and the clamping ring 22 is practically eliminated by the axial needle bearing 21, so that no torque is transmitted to the clamping ring 22. As a result of the thread connection of the clamping bolt 7 with the clamping sleeve 10, the latter is pulled towards the latter when the handle 20 is tightened. Both clamping sleeves 9, 10 have conically milled round grooves 23, which serve as Auf1 auff1 surfaces for the balls 18, which fit precisely into corresponding longitudinal bores in the articulated arms 1. The balls 18 rest there on the push rods 14, which are guided so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the longitudinal bores of the articulated arms 1. At the outer end of the articulated arms 1, support elements 15 for the balls 4 of the ball joints 2 are firmly connected to the articulated arms 1. Support that ball! emente 15 are essentially hü! Sen-shaped, the sleeve having a square hole 16 running transversely to the sleeve axis. In that two cyl indersege duck 13 are held, which are used to transmit the thrust of the thrust Push rods 14 serve. In the end, the ball support element 15 is formed in a spherical, concave ring surface 24, into each of which the ball 4 of the corresponding ball joint 2 fits. The annular surface 24 serves as the actual ball support surface. Another sleeve 11 is now placed over the ball 4 and further over the square hole 16 in the ball support element 15 beyond that ball support element 15. At the end, the inner edge of this sleeve 11 is shaped into a spherical, concave ring surface 12, in which the ball 4 fits in a form-fitting manner. The inside of the sleeve 11 has a circular groove 19, on which the edges of the cylinder segments 13 act, as will become clear from FIGS. 2 and 3. The balls 4 of the ball joints 2 are provided with a bolt 25, which is used either as a support for the entire articulated stand or on the other hand as a support for a Fei nei nstel 1 for holding a measuring instrument, for example a feeler! -Meas¬ clock, or any tool or object is used.
In Figur 2 ist dasselbe Gelenkstativ wie in Figur 1 dar¬ gestellt, jedoch zusammengebaut und in einem Schnitt längs der Gelenkarmachsen, wobei die Gelenkarme 1 in einem Winke! von 180° zueinander gespreizt sind. Die Gelenkarme 1 sind je aus einem einstückigen Hohlchassis aufgebaut. Dieses ermöglicht eine besonders elegante und einfache Kon¬ struktion, weil jedes Hohlchassis als tragendes Teil für sämtliche weiteren, festen oder beweglichen Bestandteile des Stativs dienen kann. Im vorliegenden Fall ist dieses Hohlchassis von besonders einfacher Gestalt. Es weist bloss zwei Durchgangsbohrungen unterschiedlichen Durchmessers auf, wobei die kleinere Bohrung zur Aufnahme der Schubstan¬ gen 14 dient und in die grössere Bohrung mündet, in welcher die Spannhülsen 9,10 geführt sind. Die eine Spannhülse 9 wirkt gleichzeitig als Lagerbolzen für das zentrale Schwenkgelenk 3, wie das hier sehr schön erkennbar ist. Die beiden Spannhülsen 9,10 sind tandemartig angeordnet. Sie bewegen sich also stets gleichzeitig in gleicher Richtung und liegen immer satt aneinander an. Ein automatischer Aus¬ gleich der Spannkräfte an jedem Spanngelenk ist durch diese Anordnung nicht mehr gegeben, wie das der Fall ist, wenn die Spannhülsen relativ zueinander verschoben werden, um die Verspannung aufzubauen. Doch das gleichzeitige Verspan¬ nen mit überall genau gleicher Spannkraft erweist sich in der Ausführung als Messuhrenstativ als nicht vordringliches Erfordernis. Hingegen ist wie gesagt an Messuhrenstativen eine Verspannung der einzelnen Gelenke in einer bestimmten Reihenfolge sehr erwünscht. Genau das wird aber mit der Tandemanordnung der Spannhülsen mit einer minimalen Anzahl von Bauteilen realisiert, ohne jedwelche Druckfedern nota- bene. Wie in der Figur 2 ersichtlich, haben die Spannhülsen 9,10 konische Flächen 17, die an den Kugeln 18 anliegen. Werden die Spannhülsen 9,10 nun in Richtung zum Handgriff 20 hin bewegt, so werden die Kugeln von den konischen Flächen 17 in die Bohrungen in den Gelenkarmen 1 hinein¬ gedrückt, wodurch die Spannkraft auf die Schubstangen 14 übertragen wird. Die Schubstangen 14 durchsetzen die Kugel¬ abstützelemente 15 und ragen in das Vierkantloch 16 hinein, welches quer durch jene Kugel abstütze! e ente 15 verläuft. Die Stirnseite der Schubstangen 14 wirkt auf die periphere Segmentschnittkante zweier Zyl i ndersegemente 13 ein, die im Vierkantloch !6 eingelegt sind. Die Zylindersegmente 13 bilden je einen Segmentausschnitt aus einem Zylinder, welcher einen Winkel von mehr als 180° ei nschl i esst . Der Zylinderdurchmesser ist dabei grösser als der äussere Ra¬ dius des Kugel abstütze! ementes 15. Dadurch überragt der gegenüberliegende periphere Rand der Zylindersegmente 13 das Kugel abstützel ement 15. Er ragt dort je in eine Kreis¬ nut 19, welche aus der Innenseite einer Hülse 1! ausgenom¬ men ist, die von aussen her über die Kugel 4 des Kugelge¬ lenkes 2 gestülpt ist. Der Innenrand dieser Hülse 11 ist endseitig sphärisch und konkav ausgebildet, so dass die Hülse 11 dort auf ihrer Innenseite verengt ist und eine Ringfläche 12 gebildet ist, an welcher die Kugel 4 form¬ schlüssig anliegt. Die besagten Zylindersegmente 13 wirken nun bei Beaufschlagung mit Schubkraft durch die Schubstan¬ gen 14 wie eine Schaukel, so dass eine entsprechende Schub¬ kraft in umgekehrter Richtung auf die Kreisnut 19 der Hülse 11 wirkt. Das KugeTabstützelement 15 bleibt ja stets fest mit dem Gelenkarm 1 beziehungsweise dessem Hohlchassis ver¬ bunden, da es ja mit jenem verschraubt ist. Durch die Schubkraft, welche nun auf die Kreisnut 19 der Hülse 11 wirkt, wird jene gegen den Gelenkarm 1 hin gezogen und drückt dadurch die Kugel 4 an das Kugel abstütze! ement 15, welches kugelseitig ebenfalls eine sphärische, konkave Ringfläche 5 aufweist, an welche die Kugel formschlüssig gedrückt wird.FIG. 2 shows the same articulated stand as in FIG. 1, but assembled and in a section along the articulated arm axes, the articulated arms 1 at an angle! are spread from each other by 180 °. The articulated arms 1 are each constructed from a one-piece hollow chassis. This enables a particularly elegant and simple construction, because each hollow chassis can serve as a supporting part for all further, fixed or movable components of the stand. In the present case, this hollow chassis is of a particularly simple shape. It has only two through bores of different diameters, the smaller bore serving to receive the push rods 14 and opening into the larger bore in which the clamping sleeves 9, 10 are guided. One clamping sleeve 9 also acts as a bearing pin for the central swivel joint 3, as can be seen very nicely here. The two clamping sleeves 9, 10 are arranged in tandem. So they always move in the same direction at the same time and always lie snugly against each other. This arrangement no longer provides automatic compensation of the clamping forces at each clamping joint, as is the case when the clamping sleeves are displaced relative to one another in order to build up the bracing. However, the simultaneous bracing with exactly the same clamping force proves not to be an urgent requirement in the design as a dial gauge stand. On the other hand, on dial gauge stands, tensioning the individual joints in a certain order is very desirable. This is exactly what is achieved with the tandem arrangement of the adapter sleeves with a minimal number realized by components without any pressure springs. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the clamping sleeves 9, 10 have conical surfaces 17 which bear against the balls 18. If the clamping sleeves 9, 10 are now moved in the direction of the handle 20, the balls are pressed into the bores in the articulated arms 1 by the conical surfaces 17, as a result of which the clamping force is transmitted to the push rods 14. The push rods 14 pass through the ball support elements 15 and protrude into the square hole 16, which is supported across that ball! e ente 15 runs. The end face of the push rods 14 acts on the peripheral segment cut edge of two cylinder segments 13, which are inserted in the square hole 6. The cylinder segments 13 each form a segment section from a cylinder, which includes an angle of more than 180 °. The cylinder diameter is larger than the outer radius of the ball support! ementes 15. As a result, the opposite peripheral edge of the cylinder segments 13 projects beyond the ball support element 15. It projects there into a circular groove 19, which emerges from the inside of a sleeve 1! is ausgenom¬ men, which is placed from the outside over the ball 4 of the ball joint 2. The inner edge of this sleeve 11 is spherical and concave at the end, so that the sleeve 11 is narrowed there on its inside and one Ring surface 12 is formed, on which the ball 4 bears positively. Said cylinder segments 13 now act as a swing when subjected to thrust by the push rods 14, so that a corresponding thrust acts in the opposite direction on the circular groove 19 of the sleeve 11. The Kuge support element 15 always remains firmly connected to the articulated arm 1 or its hollow chassis, since it is screwed to it. Due to the thrust, which now acts on the circular groove 19 of the sleeve 11, it is pulled against the articulated arm 1 and thereby presses the ball 4 against the ball! ement 15, which also has a spherical, concave ring surface 5 on the ball side, against which the ball is pressed in a form-fitting manner.
Die Figur 3 zeigt den Kraftf1 uss-Verl auf an einem einzelnen Gelenkarm besonders deutlich. Die ursächliche Spannkraft F, erzeugt durch die Betätigung des Handgriffes 20, zieht die Spannhülse 10 in Richtung gegen den Handgriff 20 hin. Die Reaktionskraft wird vom Spannring 22 auf das Hohlchassis des Gelenkarms 1 abgegeben und wurde hier wie alle anderen Reaktionskräfte nicht eingezeichnet. Die Spannkraft F wird dann, wie das die Pfeile angeben, mittels den konischen Flächen 17 auf die Kugeln 18 weitergeleitet. Mit minimal¬ stem Toleranzspiel geschieht das dann, wenn die Kräfte längs einer möglichst langen Umfangslinie auf der Kugel 18 verteilt werden. Deshalb sind die konischen Flächen 17 vor¬ teilhaft als konisch gefräste Rundnuten ausgebildet, deren Radius demjenigen der Kugel 18 entspricht. Dadurch rollt die Kugel 18 stets auf einer Berührungslinie in der Nut ab. Andrerseits ist die Kugel 18 und die Bohrung im Gelenkarm 1 so di ensioniert, dass die Kugel 18 möglichst exakt in die Bohrung einpasst. Die Reaktionskräfte im Gelenkarm 1 treten dann längs einer Umfangslinie auf, welche sich annähernd um 180° erstreckt. Die Kugel 18 überträgt die Spannkraft wei¬ ter auf die Schubstange 14, die ihrerseits auf die periphe¬ ren Ränder beziehungsweise Segmentschnittkanten der beiden Zylindersegmente 13 wirkt. Die Reaktionskräfte werden vom Kugel abstützel ement 15 aufgebracht, das ja fest mit dem Hohlchassis verbunden ist. Aehnlich einer Schaukel leitet jedes Zylindersegment 13 die Kraft um auf die Hülse 11 , indem es mit seinem anderen periheren Rand auf deren Kreisnut 19 drückt. Dadurch wird schliesslich die Hülse 11 gegen die Kugel 4 hingezogen, wodurch das Kugelgelenk 2 verspannt wird. Mit dieser neuen Art der Verspannung kann das Toleranzspiel am Kugelgelenk im Vergleich zu herkömmli¬ chen Konstruktionen weiter verkleinert werden. Die Lage der Kugel 4 wird stets durch ihr Anliegen an dem starren Kugel¬ abstützelement 15 definiert, welches ja fest mit dem Hohlchassis des Gelenkarmes 1 verschraubt ist. Das Kugelab¬ stützelement 15 kann dank dieser Konstruktion so dimensio¬ niert werden, dass es die durch die Verspannung in seinem Inneren wirkenden Schub- und Normalkräfte problemlos absor¬ bieren kann. Bei herkömmlichen Konstruktionen wird die Ku¬ gel des Kugelgelenkes von der Schubstange itte!- oder unmittelbar grundsätzlich vom Gelenkarm weg an die sie um- schliessende Hülse gedrückt. Zwischen der erforderlichen Einschränkung der Toleranz infolge der Elastizität der Hül¬ se und der Minimierung deren Baugrösse beziehungsweise deren Durchmessers besteht ein Ziel konf1 ikt. Bei gegebenem kleinem Durchmesser der Hülse 1! ist das erzielbare Tole¬ ranzspiel mit der erfi ndungsgemässen Konstruktion deutlich reduziert.FIG. 3 shows the power flow loss on a single articulated arm particularly clearly. The causal clamping force F, generated by the actuation of the handle 20, pulls the clamping sleeve 10 towards the handle 20. The reaction force is released from the clamping ring 22 onto the hollow chassis of the articulated arm 1 and, like all other reaction forces, was not shown here. The clamping force F is then, as indicated by the arrows, transmitted to the balls 18 by means of the conical surfaces 17. With minimal tolerance tolerance this happens when the forces be distributed along the longest possible circumferential line on the ball 18. Therefore, the conical surfaces 17 are advantageously formed as conically milled round grooves, the radius of which corresponds to that of the ball 18. As a result, the ball 18 always rolls on a contact line in the groove. On the other hand, the ball 18 and the bore in the articulated arm 1 are so dimensioned that the ball 18 fits as precisely as possible into the bore. The reaction forces in the articulated arm 1 then occur along a circumferential line which extends approximately 180 °. The ball 18 transmits the clamping force further to the push rod 14, which in turn acts on the peripheral edges or segment cut edges of the two cylinder segments 13. The reaction forces are applied by the ball support element 15, which is firmly connected to the hollow chassis. Similar to a swing, each cylinder segment 13 redirects the force to the sleeve 11 by pressing the circular groove 19 with its other peripheral edge. This finally pulls the sleeve 11 against the ball 4, whereby the ball joint 2 is braced. With this new type of bracing, the tolerance play on the ball joint can be further reduced in comparison to conventional constructions. The position of the ball 4 is always defined by its contact with the rigid ball support element 15, which is fixed with the Hollow chassis of the articulated arm 1 is screwed. Thanks to this construction, the ball-supporting element 15 can be dimensioned in such a way that it can easily absorb the thrust and normal forces acting through the bracing in its interior. In conventional constructions, the ball of the ball-and-socket joint is pressed away from the push rod — or directly away from the articulated arm against the sleeve surrounding it. There is a conflict between the required limitation of the tolerance due to the elasticity of the sleeve and the minimization of its size or its diameter. Given the small diameter of the sleeve 1! the achievable tolerance play is significantly reduced with the construction according to the invention.
Um die Verspannung der einzelnen Gelenke 2,3 für eine Ausführung als Messuhrenstativ in einer definierten Reihen¬ folge zu bewirken, kann beim erfindungsgemässen Gelenksta¬ tiv auf Druckfedern verzichtet werden, wodurch weitere Bau¬ teile entfallen. Die Steuerung der Reihenfolge der einzel-' nen Verspannungen erfolgt ausschl iess! ich durch eine ge¬ ringfügige Variation der Längen der eingebauten Spannhülsen 9,10 und Schubstangen 14. Wird zum Beispiel die Spannhülse 9 etwas verkürzt, in der Grössenordnung von Zehntelsmilli¬ metern, so erfolgt die Verspannung des zentralen Scharnier- gelenkes 3 später als jene des Kugelgelenkes 2, welches ur¬ sächlich von der Bewegung der Spannhülse 10 verspannt wird. Durch Verringern der Länge der auf das andere Kugelgelenk wirkenden Schubstange 14 tritt dessen Verspannung im Ver¬ gleich zu jener des zentralen Scharniergelenkes 3 verspätet ei n.In order to effect the bracing of the individual joints 2, 3 for a design as a dial gauge stand in a defined sequence, compression springs can be dispensed with in the joint stand according to the invention, as a result of which additional components are omitted. The individual control of the order 'nen tension occurs excl IESS! I by a slight variation in the lengths of the built-in clamping sleeves 9, 10 and push rods 14. If, for example, the clamping sleeve 9 is shortened somewhat, on the order of a tenth of a millimeter, the central hinge is braced. joint 3 later than that of the ball joint 2, which is originally braced by the movement of the clamping sleeve 10. By reducing the length of the push rod 14 acting on the other ball joint, its tension is delayed compared to that of the central hinge joint 3.
Die Figur--4 zeigt eine alternative Konstruktion des Ver- spannungsmechani smus an einem erfi ndungsgemässen Gelenksta¬ tiv. Dieser Verspannungsmechani smus ist besonders dann geeignet, wenn allenfalls ein Ausgleich der Spannkräfte an allen Gelenken erzielt werden soll oder die Spannkraft besonders gross sein soll. Die Auf1 auff1 ächen an den Spann¬ hülsen 9,10 sind hier quer zur Spannhülsenachse gefräste Nuten, die als Widerlager für in sie hineinpassende NockenFIG. 4 shows an alternative construction of the tensioning mechanism on an articulated stand according to the invention. This tensioning mechanism is particularly suitable if the tensioning forces at all joints are to be balanced or if the tensioning force is to be particularly great. The surfaces on the clamping sleeves 9, 10 are grooves milled transversely to the axis of the clamping sleeve, which act as abutments for cams fitting into them
25 dienen. Die Nocken 25 sind als Bolzen in die Kugeln 18 eingefügt und vergrössern die sonst schon durch die Kugeln bewirkte KniehebelWirkung auf die Schubstangen 14, indem sie als Kniehebel wirken.25 serve. The cams 25 are inserted as bolts into the balls 18 and enlarge the toggle lever effect on the push rods 14, which is otherwise caused by the balls, by acting as a toggle lever.
Durch die neuartige Konstruktion des Gelenkstativs werden allgemein weniger Bauteile benötigt. Die Montage respektive Demontage ist bedeutend einfacher, was auch zu einer weni¬ ger aufwendigen Fertigung beiträgt. Durch die Verwendung eines festen, geschlossenen Chassis als tragendes und funk- tionelles Teil jedes Gelenkarmes 1 werden konstruktive und auch ästhetische Vorteile erzielt, kann doch in jedem Chas¬ sis der Verspannungsmechanismus von aussen uneinsehbar untergebracht werden. Die besonders gross dimensionierten Spannhülsen 9,10 üben nebst ihrer Funktion beim Verspannen eine Stabilisierungsfunktion aus. Ihre grosseπ Reibflächen erlauben nämlich eine besonders stabile Verspannung des zentralen Gelenkscharniers 3 der beiden Gelenkarme 1 und gewährleisten damit eine optimale Verdrehsicherheit. Weil die eine Spannhülse 9 gar beide Gelenkarme 1 als Lagerbol¬ zen verbindet, wird durch sie auch eine wichtige Zentrier¬ funktion ausgeübt. Die Grosse dieses Lagerbolzens trägt deshalb nicht nur zur Verdrehsicherheit, sondern auch zur Verwi ndungsstabi 1 it t bei. Auch die gross dimensionierten Kugeln 18 haben eine starke funktionale Wirkung. Sie sind nicht nur besonders reibungsarme Kraftübertragungselemente, sondern wirken ähnlich einem Kniehebel als Kraftübersetzer, indem sie die auf die Kugelgelenke wirkende Spannkraft ver¬ stärken. Schliesslich gewährt die permanente AbStützung der Kugeln 4 der Kugelgelenke 2 an den fest mit den Gelenkarmen 1 verbundenen Abstützelementen 15 eine absolut direkte und toleranzfreie Verbindung. Die Kugeln 4 sind dadurch immer spiel- und verwackel ungsfrei gehalten. The new design of the articulated stand means that fewer components are generally required. The assembly or disassembly is significantly easier, which also contributes to less complex production. By using a fixed, closed chassis as a load-bearing and functional part of each articulated arm 1, constructive and also achieved aesthetic advantages, since in each case the tensioning mechanism can be accommodated from outside without being visible. The particularly large dimensioned clamping sleeves 9, 10 perform a stabilizing function in addition to their function during tensioning. Their large friction surfaces allow a particularly stable bracing of the central hinge 3 of the two articulated arms 1 and thus ensure optimum security against rotation. Because one clamping sleeve 9 even connects both articulated arms 1 as bearing bolts, it also performs an important centering function. The size of this bearing pin therefore not only contributes to security against rotation, but also to torsional stability. The large-sized balls 18 also have a strong functional effect. They are not only particularly low-friction power transmission elements, but also act like a force translator like a toggle lever by increasing the tension force acting on the ball joints. Finally, the permanent support of the balls 4 of the ball joints 2 on the support elements 15 firmly connected to the joint arms 1 ensures an absolutely direct and tolerance-free connection. The balls 4 are thus kept free of play and blur.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Gelenkstativ, insbesondere für Fühl hebelmessuhren , mit zwei über ein zentrales Gelenk (3) gegeneinander schwenkbar verbundenen Gelenkarmen (1), die je an ihrem Ende ein Kugelgelenk (2) tragen, und mit mittels eines einzigen Handgriffs (20) betätigbaren Spannmitteln zur festen Verspannung sämtlicher Gelenke (2,3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Kugel (4) der Kugelgelenke (2) je gel enkar sei ti g an einer bezüglich des Gelenkarmes (1) festen Abstützfl che (5) anliegt.1. Articulated tripod, in particular for feeler dial gauges, with two articulated arms (1) pivotably connected to one another via a central articulation (3), each of which carries a ball joint (2) at its end, and with clamping means which can be actuated by means of a single handle (20) Fixed bracing of all joints (2, 3), characterized in that at least one ball (4) of the ball joints (2), depending on the gel, rests against a support surface (5) which is fixed with respect to the articulated arm (1).
2. Gelenkstativ nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannmittel zum Verspannen des Kugelgelenkes (2) eine über die Kugel (4) in Richtung gegen den Ge¬ lenkarm (1) hin stülpbare Hülse (11 ) ei nschl i essen , deren einer Innenrand (12) als sphärische Innenfläche ausgebildet ist, welche die Kugel längs eines Ringseg¬ mentes umschliesst, und dass Mittel vorhanden sind, mittels denen die Hülse (11) in Richtung zum Gelenkarm ( 1 ) hin spannbar i st.2. Articulated stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning means for bracing the ball joint (2) eat a sleeve (11) which can be put over the ball (4) in the direction towards the articulated arm (1), one of which The inner edge (12) is designed as a spherical inner surface, which surrounds the ball along a ring segment, and that means are provided by means of which the sleeve (11) can be tensioned in the direction of the articulated arm (1).
3. Gelenkstativ nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Verspannen der Hülse (11) Umlenk¬ elemente (13) einschliessen, mittels denen die axial, nach aussen hin wirkende Schubkraft einer im Gelenkarm (1) gelagerten Schubstange (14) in eine um 180° umge¬ lenkte Schubkraft umlenkbar ist, mittels welcher die Hülse (11) gegen den Gelenkarm (1) hin spannbar ist.3. Articulated stand according to claim 2, characterized in that that the means for tensioning the sleeve (11) include deflecting elements (13), by means of which the axially outward pushing force of a push rod (14) mounted in the articulated arm (1) can be deflected into a pushing force deflected by 180 ° , by means of which the sleeve (11) can be tensioned against the articulated arm (1).
Gelenkstativ nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstützfläche (5) für die Kugel (4) durch ein Kugel abstützelement (15) gebildet ist, welches fest mit dem Gelenkarm (1) verbunden ist und ein Vierkantloch (16) quer zur Längsrichtung des Gelenkarmes (1) auf¬ weist, in welchem Vierkantloch (16) in symmetrischer Anordnung Zylindersegmente (13) als Umlenkelemente (13) gelagert sind, derart, dass deren eine periphere -Seg¬ mentschnittkante von der Schubstange (14) mit Druck beaufschlagbar ist, wobei jedes Segment (13) mit seiner zylindrischen Wandung auf dem Kugelabstütze!ement (15) anliegt und die Hülse (1!) mittels seiner gegenüber¬ liegenden peripheren Segmentschnittkante mit einer Schubkraft in Richtung zum Gelenkarm (1) hin beauf¬ schlagt ist.Articulated stand according to claim 3, characterized in that the support surface (5) for the ball (4) is formed by a ball support element (15) which is fixedly connected to the articulated arm (1) and a square hole (16) transverse to the longitudinal direction of the Articulated arm (1) has in which square hole (16) symmetrically arranged cylinder segments (13) are mounted as deflection elements (13) such that one of their peripheral segment cut edges can be pressurized by the push rod (14), wherein each segment (13) rests with its cylindrical wall on the ball support element (15) and the sleeve (1!) is subjected to a thrust force in the direction of the articulated arm (1) by means of its opposite peripheral segment cut edge.
Gelenkstativ nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Gelenkarme (1) je aus einem einstückigen Hohlchassis als tragendes Teil aufgebaut sind, das in seinem Innern die Elemente zur Spannkraftübertragung uneinsehbar aufnimmt.Articulated stand according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two articulated arms (1) are each constructed from a one-piece hollow chassis as a load-bearing part, which conceals the elements for the transmission of tension force inside it.
6. Gelenkstativ nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gelenkarme (1) von einem die Schwenkachse (6) definierenden Spannbolzen (7) mit endseitigem Spanngewinde (8) durchsetzt sind, welcher Spannbolzen (7) zwei aneinander anliegende Spannhülsen (9,10) in Tandemanordnung trägt, wobei die eine Spannhülse (10) eine Gewindehülse ist, die auf dem Gewindeteil (8) des Spannbolzens (7) sitzt, und die andere (9) axial verschiebbar auf dem Spannbolzen (7) zwischen den beiden Gelenkarmen (1) sitzt und a!s Lagerbolzen zu wirken bestimmt ist.6. Articulated stand according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the articulated arms (1) are penetrated by a clamping bolt (7) defining the pivot axis (6) with an end-sided clamping thread (8), which clamping bolt (7) has two clamping sleeves (9 , 10) in tandem arrangement, one of the clamping sleeves (10) being a threaded sleeve that sits on the threaded part (8) of the clamping bolt (7), and the other (9) is axially displaceable on the clamping bolt (7) between the two articulated arms (1) sits and a! S bearing pin is intended to act.
7. Gelenkstativ nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülse (11) auf ihrer Innenseite mit einer Kreisnut (19) versehen ist, auf welche die Zylindersegmente (13) mit ihrer einen peripheren Segmentschnittkante zu wirken bestimmt sind.7. Articulated stand according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve (11) is provided on its inside with a circular groove (19) on which the cylinder segments (13) are intended to act with their one peripheral segment cut edge.
8. Gelenkstativ nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Spannhülse (9,10) in gleicher Richtung genei- gte, ebene oder zylindrisch gegen innen gewölbte Ab- rollfächen (17) oder Widerlager (26) aufweist, an wel¬ chen Abrollflächen (17) Kugeln (18) anliegen oder wel¬ che Widerlager (26) als Gelenkpfannen für an den Kugeln angeformte Nocken (25) dienen, wobei jene Kugeln oder mit Nocken (25) versehenen Kugeln als Uebertragungsele- mente für die Uebertragung der von den Spannhülsen (9, 10) aufgebrachten Schubkraft auf die Schubstangen (14) zu wirken bestimmt sind.8. Articulated stand according to claim 7, characterized in that each clamping sleeve (9, 10) is inclined in the same direction. Good, flat or cylindrical against the inside curved rolling surfaces (17) or abutments (26), on which rolling surfaces (17) balls (18) abut or which abutments (26) as joint sockets for cams formed on the balls (25) are used, whereby those balls or balls provided with cams (25) are intended to act as transmission elements for the transmission of the thrust force applied by the clamping sleeves (9, 10) to the push rods (14).
9. Gelenkstativ nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kugel (18) satt in eine Bohrung im Gelenkarm (1) einpasst, sodass die vom Gelenkarm auf sie wirkende Reaktionskraft sich auf eine die Kugel (18) um 180° um- schliessende Mantellinie verteilt.9. Articulated stand according to claim 8, characterized in that the ball (18) fits snugly into a bore in the articulated arm (1), so that the reaction force acting on it from the articulated arm relates to a surface line enclosing the ball (18) by 180 ° distributed.
10. Gelenkstativ nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass die zylindrisch nach innen gewölbten Ab- rollfächen (17) an den Spannhülsen (9,10) konisch aus¬ genommene Rundnuten sind, oder die zylindrisch nach in¬ nen gewölbten Widerlager (26) an den Spannhülsen (9,10) je durch eine quer zur Spannhülsenachse (6) ausgenomme¬ ne Nut gebildet sind. 10. Articulated stand according to claim 8 or 9, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the cylindrical inwardly curved rolling surfaces (17) on the clamping sleeves (9,10) are conically recessed round grooves, or the cylindrical inwardly curved abutments (26) on the clamping sleeves (9, 10) are each formed by a groove transverse to the clamping sleeve axis (6).
EP89912389A 1988-12-09 1989-11-21 Articulated stand Expired - Lifetime EP0420945B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89912389T ATE96528T1 (en) 1988-12-09 1989-11-21 ARTICULATED TRIPOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4568/88A CH678097A5 (en) 1988-12-09 1988-12-09
CH4568/88 1988-12-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0420945A1 true EP0420945A1 (en) 1991-04-10
EP0420945B1 EP0420945B1 (en) 1993-10-27

Family

ID=4278516

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89912389A Expired - Lifetime EP0420945B1 (en) 1988-12-09 1989-11-21 Articulated stand

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5092551A (en)
EP (1) EP0420945B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2927853B2 (en)
KR (1) KR910700431A (en)
AU (1) AU4514589A (en)
CH (1) CH678097A5 (en)
DE (1) DE58906054D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1990006471A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR910700431A (en) 1991-03-15
US5092551A (en) 1992-03-03
JPH03502480A (en) 1991-06-06
CH678097A5 (en) 1991-07-31
JP2927853B2 (en) 1999-07-28
WO1990006471A1 (en) 1990-06-14
AU4514589A (en) 1990-06-26
DE58906054D1 (en) 1993-12-02
EP0420945B1 (en) 1993-10-27

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