EP0420725A1 - Kühlverfahren, der angewandte Kühlkreislauf und seine Anwendung in der Lufttrennung - Google Patents

Kühlverfahren, der angewandte Kühlkreislauf und seine Anwendung in der Lufttrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0420725A1
EP0420725A1 EP90402594A EP90402594A EP0420725A1 EP 0420725 A1 EP0420725 A1 EP 0420725A1 EP 90402594 A EP90402594 A EP 90402594A EP 90402594 A EP90402594 A EP 90402594A EP 0420725 A1 EP0420725 A1 EP 0420725A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
turbine
pressure turbine
low pressure
temperature
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90402594A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0420725B1 (de
Inventor
Odile Guilleminot
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Publication of EP0420725A1 publication Critical patent/EP0420725A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/004—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
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    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
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    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/939—Partial feed stream expansion, air
    • Y10S62/94—High pressure column

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to refrigeration production. It applies in particular to the liquefaction of air gases and to air distillation installations, and it relates firstly to a method of refrigeration production by expansion of a fluid in a first turbine called a high pressure turbine, then expansion of part of the fluid from this turbine in a second turbine called a low pressure turbine.
  • the high pressure turbine is the "hot” turbine, that is to say that its inlet temperature is higher than that of the low pressure turbine.
  • Such an arrangement has certain drawbacks: - limiting the cooling of all the incoming air to the inlet temperature of the hot turbine is unfavorable to heat exchange; - the "cold” turbine processes a reduced fluid flow, while it produces less cold per unit of fluid flow and it is in the cold zone that the greatest amount of cold is required when it 'acts to liquefy a gas; moreover, it is also in this cold zone that the heat losses are greatest.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method making it possible to improve the heat exchange and to better adapt the refrigeration production to requirements.
  • the invention relates to a process of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the inlet temperature of the high pressure turbine is significantly lower than that of the low pressure turbine.
  • This refrigeration cycle of the type comprising a circuit for circulating a cycle fluid, a cycle compressor, a first turbine called a high pressure turbine, and a second turbine called a low pressure turbine, the circuit comprising means for passing at least a part of the cycle fluid compressed by the compressor, after cooling to a first temperature in the high pressure turbine, and means for passing at least a part of the fluid from this turbine into the low pressure turbine, is characterized in that the inlet temperature of the high pressure turbine is significantly lower than that of the low pressure turbine.
  • the invention also relates to: an air distillation process, of the type in which compressed air is cooled and expanded to a medium pressure in a first turbine called a high pressure turbine, and a part of the air thus expanded is sent to a double column distillation while the rest of the air thus expanded is again expanded to around atmospheric pressure in a second turbine called low pressure turbine, characterized in that the inlet temperature of the high pressure turbine is significantly lower to that of the low pressure turbine; and - an air distillation installation, of the type comprising a double air distillation column and a refrigeration cycle, characterized in that the refrigeration cycle is as defined above, the cycle fluid being the air to be separated , installation comprising means for cooling part of the air entering to the vicinity of its dew point, relaxing it in an expansion valve and sending it to the double column, and means for sending this part of the double column the air from the high pressure turbine.
  • the air distillation installation shown in FIG. 1 is intended to produce oxygen and nitrogen in liquid form. It comprises a double distillation column 1 itself comprising a medium pressure column 2 operating at around 6 bar absolute, surmounted by a low pressure column 3 operating slightly above atmospheric pressure.
  • the overhead gas (nitrogen) of column 2 is in indirect heat exchange relationship with the tank liquid (oxygen) of column 3 by means of a vaporizer-condenser 4.
  • the installation also includes a heat exchange line 5 with countercurrent circulation of the fluids placed in heat exchange relationship, and two turbine-booster assemblies 6 and 7.
  • the assembly 6 includes a booster or booster 8 and a "hot" low pressure turbine 9 mounted on the same shaft 10
  • the assembly 7 includes a booster or booster 11 and a cold high pressure turbine 12 mounted on the same shaft 13.
  • the two boosters 8 and 11 are mounted in series.
  • the air to be separated, compressed to 20 bars and purified of water and CO2 is boosted to 30 bars by the assembly of the first booster 8 and the second booster 11, then is cooled to a temperature T1, for example of around - 125 ° C, in passages 14 of the exchange line 5.
  • a part, for example about a quarter, of this air continues to cool down to the cold end of the exchange line, in the same passages 14, from which it emerges liquefied, then, via a line 15, is expanded to 6 bars in an expansion valve 16 and is injected into the bottom of the column 2.
  • all or part of this liquid can be expanded at low pressure and injected into column 3.
  • the rest of the air at 30 bars is exited from the exchange line 5 by a pipe 17 and expanded to 6 bars in the turbine 12, from which it emerges near its dew point.
  • This temperature T2 can for example be between ambient temperature and approximately -30 ° C.
  • the air thus heated is taken out of the exchange line via a line 20 and expanded to the vicinity of atmospheric pressure in the turbine 9, from which it leaves at a temperature close to T1. It is then reintroduced into the exchange line via a line 21, warmed up to room temperature in passages 22 and discharged from the installation, after having possibly served for the regeneration of the adsorbent used for purifying the incoming air and / or for cooling the air leaving the main compressor (not shown) of the 'installation.
  • all or part of the air from the turbine 9 can be cooled to the cold end of the exchange line in passages 23 and then blown into the low pressure column 3, or even be mixed with impure nitrogen , constituting the residual from the double column, being reheated in passages 24 of the exchange line.
  • the rich liquid LR oxygen-enriched air collected in the tank of column 2 is sent to column 3, after sub-cooling in a sub-cooler 25 by vaporization of liquid oxygen withdrawn from the tank of column 3, filtered into 25A and returned to column 3, then expanded in an expansion valve 26, and lean liquid LP consisting essentially of nitrogen, drawn off at the top of column 2, is also sent to column 3 after sub-cooling in a sub-cooler 27 then expanded in an expansion valve 28.
  • the installation produces on the one hand liquid nitrogen, taken off at the top of column 2 via a pipe 29, sub-cooled in the sub-cooler 27, expanded in the vicinity of atmospheric pressure in an expansion valve 30 and stored in a tank 31, and on the other hand liquid oxygen, taken from the tank of column 3 via a driving 32 and so us-cooled in the sub-cooler 27.
  • the latter is cooled by the impure nitrogen drawn off at the head of column 3 via a line 33 and then sent to passages 24 of the exchange line.
  • the nitrogen gas formed in the reservoir 31 is returned to the pipe 33 via a pipe 34.
  • the lower curve C1 represents the variation in enthalpy of the air during cooling and liquefaction
  • the upper curve C2 represents the variation in enthalpy of gases during heating.
  • the cold turbine 12 treats a high air flow with inlet and exhaust temperatures which surround the air liquefaction zone 35, that is to say that it produces a lot of cold despite its operating at low temperature, and moreover it produces this cold in the temperature zone where, precisely, a lot of cold is necessary to liquefy the air and where, moreover, the thermal losses are maximum; and - the hot turbine 9 treats a low air flow and can cover, by ensuring a relaxation of 6 bars to 1 bar, the main part of the temperature zone located above the previous one and in which the cooling is ensured by turbines; thus, the turbine 9 produces little cold in an extended temperature zone where, precisely, little cold is necessary, the products in heat exchange relationship being gaseous, and where, moreover, the heat losses are low.
  • FIG. 1 It follows from the above considerations that the installation of FIG. 1 leads to a specific reduced liquefaction energy. It is also noted that the medium-pressure air conveyed through line 18 can without drawback be in the vicinity of its dew point, which is favorable for distillation in the double column.
  • the cycle nitrogen discharged by the compressor 37 is boosted to 50 bars by all of the boosters 8A and 11A and introduced into passages 14A of the exchange line. Part of this nitrogen continues to cool down to the cold end of the exchange line, is expanded to medium pressure (6 bars) in an expansion valve 16A and separated into two liquid and vapor phases in a separator pot 38.
  • the vapor phase is warmed up to room temperature in passages 19A of the exchange line, and the liquid phase is sub-cooled in a sub- cooler 39.
  • a part of this sub-cooled liquid is expanded to about 1 bar in an expansion valve 40, vaporized in the sub-cooler 39 against the flow of the liquid, then warmed up to room temperature in passages 24A of the exchange line.
  • the rest of the sub-cooled liquid constitutes the production of liquid nitrogen, drawn off via a pipe 41.
  • the non-liquefied part of the high pressure nitrogen is removed from the exchange line at a temperature T1, via a line 17A, expanded at medium pressure in the turbine 12A and injected into the separator 38.
  • Lines 42 and 43 respectively connect the outlet of passages 19A and 24A to the suction of compressors 37 and 36.
  • a line 44 leads to the suction of compressor 36 a flow of nitrogen gas equal to the flow of liquid nitrogen produced by driving 41.
  • the order of magnitude of the difference T2 - T1 is at least equal to half of the temperature drop supplied by a turbine.
  • the hot part of the exchange line 5 or 5A can optionally be cooled down to approximately -40 ° C. by an auxiliary ammonia or "Freon" refrigeration unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP90402594A 1989-09-25 1990-09-20 Kühlverfahren, der angewandte Kühlkreislauf und seine Anwendung in der Lufttrennung Expired - Lifetime EP0420725B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912517 1989-09-25
FR8912517A FR2652409A1 (fr) 1989-09-25 1989-09-25 Procede de production frigorifique, cycle frigorifique correspondant et leur application a la distillation d'air.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0420725A1 true EP0420725A1 (de) 1991-04-03
EP0420725B1 EP0420725B1 (de) 1993-11-24

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5157926A (de)
EP (1) EP0420725B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3086857B2 (de)
AU (1) AU637141B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2025918C (de)
DE (1) DE69004773T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2046742T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2652409A1 (de)

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EP0542539A1 (de) * 1991-11-14 1993-05-19 The BOC Group plc Lufttrennung
FR2688052A1 (fr) * 1992-03-02 1993-09-03 Grenier Maurice Procede et installation de production d'oxygene et/ou d'azote gazeux sous pression par distillation d'air.
EP0612967A1 (de) * 1993-02-25 1994-08-31 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Sauerstoff und/oder Stickstoff unter Druck
WO1999024318A1 (en) * 1997-11-11 1999-05-20 Alliedsignal Inc. Two spool environmental control system
DE19913907B4 (de) * 1998-03-31 2007-07-26 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerlegung von Luft durch kryogene Destillation
FR2928446A1 (fr) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-11 Air Liquide Procede de modification d'un appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
WO2008110734A3 (fr) * 2007-03-13 2011-07-21 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et appareil de production de gaz de l'air sous forme gazeuse et liquide à haute flexibilité par distillation cryogénique
EP2458311A1 (de) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2466236A1 (de) * 2010-11-25 2012-06-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tiefemperaturzerlegung von Luft

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JPH05187767A (ja) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-27 Teisan Kk 超高純度窒素製造方法及びその装置
FR2692664A1 (fr) * 1992-06-23 1993-12-24 Lair Liquide Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène gazeux sous pression.
FR2701553B1 (fr) † 1993-02-12 1995-04-28 Maurice Grenier Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène sous pression.
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FR2706195B1 (fr) * 1993-06-07 1995-07-28 Air Liquide Procédé et unité de fourniture d'un gaz sous pression à une installation consommatrice d'un constituant de l'air.
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FR2709537B1 (fr) * 1993-09-01 1995-10-13 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote gazeux sous pression.
FR2709538B1 (fr) * 1993-09-01 1995-10-06 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de production d'au moins un gaz de l'air sous pression.
FR2711778B1 (fr) * 1993-10-26 1995-12-08 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous pression.
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FR2714721B1 (fr) * 1993-12-31 1996-02-16 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de liquéfaction d'un gaz.
US5467601A (en) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-21 Praxair Technology, Inc. Air boiling cryogenic rectification system with lower power requirements
US5467602A (en) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-21 Praxair Technology, Inc. Air boiling cryogenic rectification system for producing elevated pressure oxygen
FR2721383B1 (fr) * 1994-06-20 1996-07-19 Maurice Grenier Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène gazeux sous pression.
FR2726046B1 (fr) * 1994-10-25 1996-12-20 Air Liquide Procede et installation de detente et de compression d'au moins un flux gazeux
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FR2744795B1 (fr) * 1996-02-12 1998-06-05 Grenier Maurice Procede et installation de production d'oxygene gazeux sous haute pression
US5802873A (en) * 1997-05-08 1998-09-08 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic rectification system with dual feed air turboexpansion
US5758515A (en) * 1997-05-08 1998-06-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation with warm turbine recycle
US6070418A (en) * 1997-12-23 2000-06-06 Alliedsignal Inc. Single package cascaded turbine environmental control system
US6006545A (en) * 1998-08-14 1999-12-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Liquefier process
US6925818B1 (en) * 2003-07-07 2005-08-09 Cryogenic Group, Inc. Air cycle pre-cooling system for air separation unit
US20060272353A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-12-07 Gabbita Venkata Maruthi Prasad Process and apparatus for the separation of air by cryogenic distillation
US7533540B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2009-05-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system for enhanced liquid production
FR2913759B1 (fr) * 2007-03-13 2013-08-16 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de production de gaz de l'air sous forme gazeuse et liquide a haute flexibilite par distillation cryogenique.
DE102009048456A1 (de) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-31 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
US10295252B2 (en) 2015-10-27 2019-05-21 Praxair Technology, Inc. System and method for providing refrigeration to a cryogenic separation unit
CN112855343B (zh) * 2019-11-28 2022-05-06 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 航空动力***、液氮膨胀组件、航空器及其驱动方法

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0542539A1 (de) * 1991-11-14 1993-05-19 The BOC Group plc Lufttrennung
US5287704A (en) * 1991-11-14 1994-02-22 The Boc Group, Plc Air separation
FR2688052A1 (fr) * 1992-03-02 1993-09-03 Grenier Maurice Procede et installation de production d'oxygene et/ou d'azote gazeux sous pression par distillation d'air.
EP0612967A1 (de) * 1993-02-25 1994-08-31 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Sauerstoff und/oder Stickstoff unter Druck
FR2702040A1 (fr) * 1993-02-25 1994-09-02 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous pression.
US5515688A (en) * 1993-02-25 1996-05-14 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and installation for the production of oxygen and/or nitrogen under pressure
WO1999024318A1 (en) * 1997-11-11 1999-05-20 Alliedsignal Inc. Two spool environmental control system
DE19913907B4 (de) * 1998-03-31 2007-07-26 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zerlegung von Luft durch kryogene Destillation
WO2008110734A3 (fr) * 2007-03-13 2011-07-21 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et appareil de production de gaz de l'air sous forme gazeuse et liquide à haute flexibilité par distillation cryogénique
US8997520B2 (en) 2007-03-13 2015-04-07 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and device for producing air gases in a gaseous and liquid form with a high flexibility and by cryogenic distillation
FR2928446A1 (fr) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-11 Air Liquide Procede de modification d'un appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
WO2009112744A2 (fr) * 2008-03-10 2009-09-17 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
WO2009112744A3 (fr) * 2008-03-10 2009-11-12 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
EP2458311A1 (de) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-30 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2466236A1 (de) * 2010-11-25 2012-06-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Gewinnung eines gasförmigen Druckprodukts durch Tiefemperaturzerlegung von Luft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0420725B1 (de) 1993-11-24
CA2025918A1 (fr) 1991-03-26
FR2652409B1 (de) 1994-12-23
CA2025918C (fr) 2001-05-29
AU6305990A (en) 1991-03-28
ES2046742T3 (es) 1994-02-01
JPH03170784A (ja) 1991-07-24
FR2652409A1 (fr) 1991-03-29
AU637141B2 (en) 1993-05-20
DE69004773T2 (de) 1994-03-17
JP3086857B2 (ja) 2000-09-11
US5157926A (en) 1992-10-27
DE69004773D1 (de) 1994-01-05

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