EP0411372A2 - Flat deformable textile material and net formed therefrom - Google Patents

Flat deformable textile material and net formed therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0411372A2
EP0411372A2 EP90113530A EP90113530A EP0411372A2 EP 0411372 A2 EP0411372 A2 EP 0411372A2 EP 90113530 A EP90113530 A EP 90113530A EP 90113530 A EP90113530 A EP 90113530A EP 0411372 A2 EP0411372 A2 EP 0411372A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
textile material
yarn
fabric
yarns
deformable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90113530A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0411372B1 (en
EP0411372A3 (en
Inventor
Elke Gebauer
Karlheinz Blaschke
Hermann Mildenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Invista Technologies SARL Switzerland
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Hoechst AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0411372A2 publication Critical patent/EP0411372A2/en
Publication of EP0411372A3 publication Critical patent/EP0411372A3/en
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Publication of EP0411372B1 publication Critical patent/EP0411372B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/14—Processes for the fixation or treatment of textile materials in three-dimensional forms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24636—Embodying mechanically interengaged strand[s], strand-portion[s] or strand-like strip[s] [e.g., weave, knit, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24636—Embodying mechanically interengaged strand[s], strand-portion[s] or strand-like strip[s] [e.g., weave, knit, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24645—Embodying mechanically interengaged strand[s], strand-portion[s] or strand-like strip[s] [e.g., weave, knit, etc.] with folds in parallel planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24661—Forming, or cooperating to form cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermoformable sheet-like textile material and network materials produced therefrom.
  • EP-OS 158 234 describes an example of the use of such network materials in the form of a sandwich molding made of two solid cover layers and a core of knitted fabric deformed by deep drawing to give a cup structure and provided with synthetic resin.
  • DE-OS 38 44 458 proposes a wrapping yarn made from a core yarn of low stability and a high-strength enveloping yarn for producing such deep-drawable flat structures.
  • the mechanism described can be further supported by using core threads that have a lower stability than the sheath filaments, i. H. the core thread is wrapped with a yarn that becomes the actual strength, but has a much longer length in the winder yarn.
  • the core thread is destroyed by the mechanical load, possibly also by a thermal load and / or by the influence of chemicals, the previous thread is stretched and then takes on the supporting function in the fabric.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a deformable, e.g. to provide deep-drawable textile material that can be produced with little effort.
  • the deformable textile material according to the invention consists of a textile fabric, such as a woven fabric or preferably a knitted fabric, which is produced from at least two different types of yarns, at least one of the yarns having a thermal shrinkage at cooking temperature of at least 45%, preferably at least 60%, and at least one of the yarns has a thermal shrinkage of at most 10%, preferably at most 5%.
  • This deformable textile material which is produced from at least two types of yarn, will be referred to in the following as "multi-thread textile material", “multi-thread fabric” or "multi-thread knitwear”.
  • the yarns of the first type and the second type are expediently present in the deformable textile materials in a quantity ratio of 80:20 to 20:80, preferably 60:40 to 40:60.
  • Yarns of the first type usually have a maximum tensile elongation of 80 to 200%.
  • Preferred as the first type of yarn with a thermal shrinkage of at least 45% is a partially oriented, undrawn, so-called fast spinning yarn.
  • Such yarns are usually at a high spinning take-off speed, that of polyesters at about 2,000 to 4,000 m / min. lies.
  • Yarns with a high strength are preferably used as the yarns of the second type.
  • High-strength polyester yarns such as e.g. ®TREVIRA HOCHFEST from HOECHST AG.
  • both types of yarn consist of polyester, in particular of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • Deformable fabrics to be used according to the invention can be produced by uniformly mixing warp threads and / or weft threads from yarns of the two types mentioned in the quantitative ratio indicated above. If fabrics are to be used, then those which have the highest possible resistance to displacement are advantageous.
  • deformable knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics are equally suitable, but especially warp knitted fabrics.
  • Strength settings on the warp knitting machines are primarily based on the later intended use of the network material according to the invention or the desired depth of the three-dimensional formations perpendicular to the base area of the textile fabric, for example the depth of the cells.
  • needle-drawn patterns are suitable in which the individual components are fed into the system separately or together, the feed being clad or arbitrary for two threads.
  • These are R / L constructions in which stitches and handles can be formed in one row using one or two needles. You can work on circular knitting single and double-surface circular knitting machines.
  • Throwing patterns in which the individual components are fed separately or together to the stitch-forming elements are also suitable. It is a matter of double-surface constructions based on interlock or cross hose. These fabrics are made on double-surface circular knitting machines.
  • a "multi-yarn textile material” for example a multi-yarn fabric or preferably a multi-yarn knitted fabric, is first produced by means of methods known per se.
  • This multi-yarn textile material is then allowed to shrink in a manner known per se by metered heat treatment, preferably in the range from 75 to 100.degree.
  • the linear shrinkage is adjusted by the choice of the shrinking temperature and the heat treatment time in such a way that it leads to the desired degree of deep-drawing ability of the multilayer textile material.
  • This shrunk, multilayer textile fabric is also an object of the present invention.
  • the shrunk multi-yarn textile material obtained preferably the knitted fabric, is subjected to the deformation into the desired three-dimensional structure, preferably by deep drawing in the manner known from EP-A-158 234.
  • the shrinkage permitted in the shrinking stage of the manufacturing process is essentially pulled out again.
  • the less shrinking, firm component, the mesh of which was pushed on, is stretched again so that the mesh webs are pulled smooth and guarantee good compressive strength.
  • the heat treatment carried out for the targeted shrinkage of the multi-yarn textile material can also be well combined with other, if desired, i.e. combine optional manufacturing steps.
  • a possibly desired finishing of the textile material with z. B. strengthening resins, adhesion promoters for rubber and the like can be carried out under temperature conditions at which the desired shrinkage occurs.
  • the network materials (for example, well structures) obtained after the spatial deformation, preferably by deep drawing, can be used for many purposes without further reinforcement, since they already have excellent dimensional stability.
  • they can be filled with concrete or foam.
  • they can also be additionally strengthened and dimensionally stabilized by resin impregnation of the multilayer textile material.
  • the shape-stabilizing resins contained in the network materials according to the invention can originate from the various known thermoplastic or thermosetting resin groups, provided that their mechanical properties allow the shape stabilization of the network materials according to the invention.
  • suitable thermoplastic resins are polyacrylates or polyvinyl chloride; however, preferred resins are thermosets, e.g. Melamine and especially phenolic resins.
  • the amount of resin contained in the three-dimensionally deformed network materials according to the invention is preferably matched to the weight of the textile material so that when Deep-drawing the sheet-like textile material, opening the stitches into a delicate network.
  • Suitable quantities are in the range from 50 to 500, preferably 100 to 300 g resin / m2 of the undrawn textile material.
  • the amount of resin is appropriately adapted to the weight per square meter of the deep-drawable textile material. For example, when using a heavy textile material, you will work within the upper half of the specified ranges, with light textile materials in the lower half.
  • the decisive criterion is the condition that the meshes of the textile material open into a network during the deep-drawing process. Higher amounts of resin can also be used for special purposes, so that the meshes are closed by resin storage.
  • the three-dimensionally deformed network material according to the invention has a large number of deformations which extend at least in a direction which has a component perpendicular to the original plane of the textile fabric from which the network material according to the invention was produced.
  • the network material according to the invention has a large number of elevations on a base surface in a regular arrangement.
  • the network material according to the invention has a plurality of elevations and depressions in a regular arrangement on the level of the original base surface.
  • the elevations and depressions can have the shape of cups with a round or angular base surface or, for example, the shape of webs.
  • the plateau surfaces of the elevations or the bottom surfaces of the depressions all lie in one plane and parallel to the base surface.
  • the number, size, shape and spatial arrangement of the deformations per unit area of the fabric are selected such that the arithmetical product of the surface sizes of the original plane and the size the plateau areas of the elevations or the bottom areas of the depressions become as large as possible.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a section of a network material (3) according to the invention which has a multiplicity of cone-shaped elevations (5) on a base surface (4).
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic representation of one of the cone-shaped deformations and clearly illustrates the drastic widening of the mesh structure of the textile material that occurs in the region of the deformation.
  • the network material according to the invention can of course also have other three-dimensional deformations. It is also quite possible that the surface of the original textile material is no longer retained in the three-dimensionally deformed network material according to the invention, for example if the material is deep-drawn by stamping from both sides of the textile surface, so that cup-shaped or cone-shaped parts are made in the material Formations alternately upwards and downwards occur at the bottom or when the original textile surface is pulled out from both sides to form a zigzag surface and stabilized in this form by a large number of narrow stamps extending in the same longitudinal direction.
  • the shrunk multi-yarn textile material is first impregnated with an above-mentioned resin suitable for increasing the strength.
  • the resins can be applied to the textile material in the customary manner by brushing, brushing, knife coating, slapping or, particularly advantageously, by dipping.
  • the resin-loaded fabric is then expediently squeezed onto the desired resin holder by a pair of squeeze rollers.
  • Thermoplastic resins are expediently applied in the form of solutions or preferably emulsions for the impregnation process.
  • Heat-curable resins (thermosets) are expediently in the commercially available form as highly concentrated aqueous solutions or dispersions.
  • thermoset the temperature of the deep-drawing device is set so that the flow area of the thermoset is reached.
  • the temperature of the deep-drawing device is regulated so that the impregnating resin can harden.
  • the temperature must be reduced below the melting point of the thermoplastics; for thermosets, the temperature of the Thermoformers generally remain unchanged because the thermosets harden even at elevated temperatures.
  • the deep-drawing device is kept closed until the stabilizing resin has hardened completely.
  • the thermoset can also be cured in a heating cabinet.
  • the resin is not required to stabilize the deep-drawn structure, but only for any additional reinforcement that may be required, the resin can also be finished after deep-drawing.
  • Another object of the present invention is a sheet-like sandwich molded body consisting of two outer solid cover layers which are connected to one another via a core consisting of the network material according to the invention described above.
  • the core material used for this purpose is the network material described above, which is particularly preferred for the production of sandwich structures and which has a multiplicity of elevations on a base area with flat plateau surfaces lying in one plane.
  • the connection between the plateau surfaces of the elevations or the bottom surfaces of the depressions of the core material according to the invention with the cover layers can be carried out by conventional lamination processes using adhesives, in particular cold or heat-curing adhesives, such as epoxy resins or thermosetting resins. Due to the large contact area between the core material and the cover layers, the bond proves to be extremely stable.
  • the sandwich moldings produced therewith have a surprisingly high compressive strength with extremely low weight.
  • the manufacturing process described above can be varied in that, as an alternative to the conventional impregnation of the fabric with resin, the deep-drawable textile material is processed together with a commercially available resin film.
  • a thermoformable textile material and one or more resin films are stacked one on top of the other, the stack is thermoformed at a temperature at which the resin becomes flowable, and the temperature is then set such that the resin flows can and impregnates the textile material.
  • the resin films used in this process can also consist of thermoplastic or thermosetting resins. Thermosets, in particular those resins which cure at elevated temperature with crosslinking to give an infusible material of high rigidity, are also preferred here.
  • Suitable such resins which are also commercially available in the form of films, are e.g. B. unsaturated polyester resins (alkyd resins), mixtures of unsaturated polyesters with unsaturated monomeric compounds, such as. B. styrene, epoxy resins, phenolic resins or melamine resins.
  • B. unsaturated polyester resins alkyd resins
  • unsaturated monomeric compounds such as. B. styrene, epoxy resins, phenolic resins or melamine resins.
  • the resins in the form of films are also brought onto the market and applied in the uncrosslinked state, in which they are still meltable and flowable at elevated temperature.
  • the films of uncrosslinked resins to be used in the embodiment of the production process according to the invention for the network materials discussed here have a thickness of approximately 50 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 500 ⁇ m and a weight per unit area of approximately 50 to 500 g / m2, preferably 100 to 500 g / m2. Using these resins in the specified film thickness achieves approximately the same resin impregnation as in the application of the liquid resin preparation described above by conventional impregnation.
  • the temperature at which the uncrosslinked resin melts is generally 100 to 250 ° C., preferably 140 to 200 ° C.
  • Textile fabrics which are made solely from the shrinking high-speed spinning yarn, show an uncontrolled stretching during deep drawing and the resulting serious fluctuations in strength.
  • the "multi-thread textile materials” according to the invention do not result in fluctuations in strength.
  • the stretchable and shrinkable yarn type regulates the tightness of the textile material.
  • Their high shrinkage level provides a good stretch reserve for deep drawing with a good mesh density. A high constructional stretch is therefore no longer of decisive importance when selecting a pattern.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the shrunk multi-yarn textile material has an increased stability during possible impregnation and finishing steps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Outer Garments And Coats (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

There is described a formable textile material comprising a textile sheetlike structure, characterised in that the sheetlike structure consists of at least two different kinds of polyester yarns, at least one of the yarns having a heat shrinkage at the boil of at least 45 %, preferably at least 60 %, and at least one of the yarns having a heat shrinkage of not more than 10 %, preferably not more than 5 %, in the unshrunk and in the shrunk state, also the resinated formable textile material, and a dimensionally stable net material produced therefrom. <??>Processes for manufacturing these articles are also described. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein tiefziehfähiges flächenförmiges Textilmaterial und daraus hergestellte Netzwerkstoffe.The present invention relates to a thermoformable sheet-like textile material and network materials produced therefrom.

Ein Beispiel für die Verwendung derartiger Netzwerkstoffe in Form eines Sandwichformkörpers aus zwei festen Deckschichten und einem Kern aus einer durch Tiefziehen zu einer Näpfchenstruktur verformten und mit Kunstharz versehenen Maschenware beschreibt die EP-OS 158 234.EP-OS 158 234 describes an example of the use of such network materials in the form of a sandwich molding made of two solid cover layers and a core of knitted fabric deformed by deep drawing to give a cup structure and provided with synthetic resin.

Zur Herstellung derartiger tiefziehfähiger Flächengebilde wird in der DE-OS 38 44 458 (HOE 88/F 386) ein Umwindegarn vorgeschlagen, aus einem Kerngarn geringer Stabilität und einem hochfesten Hüllgarn.DE-OS 38 44 458 (HOE 88 / F 386) proposes a wrapping yarn made from a core yarn of low stability and a high-strength enveloping yarn for producing such deep-drawable flat structures.

Die hohe Stabilität dieses Textilmaterials bei normaler Handhabung und in Ausrüstungsprozessen bei gleichzeitig sehr guter Tiefziehfestigkeit resultiert dabei aus dem speziellen Aufbau des Materials aus Umwindegarn. Bei normaler Handhabung und beispielsweise im Verlauf von Ausrüstungsprozessen werden alle auftretenden Dehnkräfte von dem Kernfaden des Umwindegarns aufgenommen, so daß eine hohe Formstabilität des Textilmaterials gewährleistet ist. WErden dagegen auf das Material im Verlauf eines Tiefziehvorgangs erheblich erhöhte Dehnkräfte ausgeübt, so treten in den zu verformenden Bereichen statistisch verteilt Risse der Kernfäden des Umwindegarns auf und geben eine entsprechende Länge des Hullfadens frei. Dieser Mechanismus ermöglicht im Verlauf des Tiefziehvorgangs eine erhebliche Flächenvergrößerung ohne Zerstörung des gesamten Flächenzusammenhalts.The high stability of this textile material with normal handling and in finishing processes with very good deep-drawing strength results from the special structure of the material made from wrapping yarn. In normal handling and, for example, in the course of finishing processes, all the tensile forces that occur are absorbed by the core thread of the wrapping yarn, so that a high dimensional stability of the textile material is guaranteed. If, on the other hand, considerably increased tensile forces are exerted on the material in the course of a deep-drawing process, then statistically distributed tears in the core threads of the wrapping yarn occur in the areas to be deformed and release a corresponding length of the sheath thread. In the course of the deep-drawing process, this mechanism enables a considerable increase in area without destroying the entire area.

Der geschilderte Mechanismus kann dadurch weiter unterstützt werden, daß man Kernfäden verwendet, die eine niedrigere Stabilität haben als die Hüllfilamente, d. h. der Kernfaden wird mit einem Garn umwunden, das der eigentliche Festigkeitsträger wird, aber im Umwindegarn noch eine deutlich größere Länge aufweist. Bei der Verformung des erfindungsgemäßen Flächengebildes wird der Kernfaden durch die mechanische Belastung, gegebenenfalls auch noch durch eine thermische Belastung und/oder durch den Einfluß von Chemikalien zerstört, das bisherige Umwindegarn wird gestreckt und übernimmt dann die tragende Funktion im Flächengebilde.The mechanism described can be further supported by using core threads that have a lower stability than the sheath filaments, i. H. the core thread is wrapped with a yarn that becomes the actual strength, but has a much longer length in the winder yarn. When the fabric according to the invention is deformed, the core thread is destroyed by the mechanical load, possibly also by a thermal load and / or by the influence of chemicals, the previous thread is stretched and then takes on the supporting function in the fabric.

Trotz aller vorteilhafter Eigenschaften dieser Flächengebilde haftet ihnen der Nachteil an, daß Umwindegarne sehr aufwendig in der Herstellung sind.Despite all the advantageous properties of these fabrics, they have the disadvantage that wrapping yarns are very complex to manufacture.

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein verformbares, z.B. tiefziehfähiges Textilmaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen, das mit geringem Aufwand herstellbar ist.An object of the present invention is to provide a deformable, e.g. to provide deep-drawable textile material that can be produced with little effort.

Das erfindungsgemäße verformbare Textilmaterial besteht aus einem textilen Flächengebilde, wie z.B. einem Gewebe oder vorzugsweise einer Maschenware, das aus zumindestens zwei verschiedenen Sorten von Garnen hergestellt ist, wobei mindestens eines der Garne einen Thermoschrumpf bei Kochtemperatur von mindestens 45 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 %, und mindestens eines der Garne einen Thermoschrumpf von höchstens 10 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 % hat. Dieses, aus mindestens zwei Garnsorten hergestellte verformbare Textilmaterial soll im folgenden kurz als "Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial","Mehrgarn-Gewebe" oder "Mehrgarn-­Maschenware" bezeichnet werden.The deformable textile material according to the invention consists of a textile fabric, such as a woven fabric or preferably a knitted fabric, which is produced from at least two different types of yarns, at least one of the yarns having a thermal shrinkage at cooking temperature of at least 45%, preferably at least 60%, and at least one of the yarns has a thermal shrinkage of at most 10%, preferably at most 5%. This deformable textile material, which is produced from at least two types of yarn, will be referred to in the following as "multi-thread textile material", "multi-thread fabric" or "multi-thread knitwear".

Die Garne der ersten Sorte und der zweiten Sorte liegen in den verformbaren Textilmaterialien zweckmäßigerweise in einem Mengenverhältnis von 80 : 20 bis 20 : 80, vorzugsweise 60 : 40 bis 40 : 60 vor.The yarns of the first type and the second type are expediently present in the deformable textile materials in a quantity ratio of 80:20 to 20:80, preferably 60:40 to 40:60.

Garne der ersten Sorte haben in der Regel eine Höchstzugkraftdehnung von 80 bis 200 %. Bevorzugt als Garn der ersten Sorte mit einem Thermoschrumpf von mindestens 45 % ist ein teilorientiertes, unverstrecktes, sogenanntes Schnellspinngarn. Derartige Garne werden üblicherweise bei einer hohen Spinnabzugsgeschwindigkeit, die bei Polyestern bei ca. 2 000 bis 4 000 m/min. liegt, erhalten.Yarns of the first type usually have a maximum tensile elongation of 80 to 200%. Preferred as the first type of yarn with a thermal shrinkage of at least 45% is a partially oriented, undrawn, so-called fast spinning yarn. Such yarns are usually at a high spinning take-off speed, that of polyesters at about 2,000 to 4,000 m / min. lies.

Als Garne der zweiten Sorte werden vorzugsweise Garne mit einer hohen Festigkeit, insbesondere solche mit einer Höchstzugkraft von über 50 cN/tex eingesetzt. Gut brauchbar als Garne der zweiten Sorte sind hochfeste Polyestergarne wie z.B. ®TREVIRA HOCHFEST der Fa. HOECHST AG.Yarns with a high strength, in particular those with a maximum tensile force of over 50 cN / tex, are preferably used as the yarns of the second type. High-strength polyester yarns such as e.g. ®TREVIRA HOCHFEST from HOECHST AG.

Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, wenn beide Garnsorten aus Polyester, insbesondere aus Polyethylenterephthalat, bestehen.It is further preferred if both types of yarn consist of polyester, in particular of polyethylene terephthalate.

Erfindungsgemäß einzusetzende verformbare Gewebe können hergestellt werden indem man Kettfäden und/oder Schußfäden aus Garnen der beiden genannten Sorten in dem oben angegebenen Mengenverhältnis gleichmäßig mischt. Sollen Gewebe eingesetzt werden, so sind solche vorteilhaft, die eine möglichst hohe Verschiebefestigkeit haben.Deformable fabrics to be used according to the invention can be produced by uniformly mixing warp threads and / or weft threads from yarns of the two types mentioned in the quantitative ratio indicated above. If fabrics are to be used, then those which have the highest possible resistance to displacement are advantageous.

Als bevorzugte, verformbare Maschenware eignen sich gleichermaßen Gestricke und Gewirke, insbesondere aber Kettwirkware.As preferred, deformable knitted fabrics, knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics are equally suitable, but especially warp knitted fabrics.

Die zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt einzusetzenden Kettwirkware zu wählenden Bindungen und Festigkeitseinstellungen an den Kettenwirkmaschinen richten sich in erster Linie nach dem späteren Einsatzzweck des erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoffs bzw. der gewünschten Tiefe der dreidimensionalen Ausformungen senkrecht zur Grundfläche des textilen Flächengebildes, beispielsweise der Näpfchentiefe.The weaves and to be selected for the production of the warp-knitted fabric to be used preferably according to the invention Strength settings on the warp knitting machines are primarily based on the later intended use of the network material according to the invention or the desired depth of the three-dimensional formations perpendicular to the base area of the textile fabric, for example the depth of the cells.

Für gut dehnbare Qualitäten eigenen sich zweischienige Bindungen,bei denen das hochschrumpfende Garn in Legeschiene 1, das hochfeste Garn in Legeschiene 2 eingesetzt wird, z. B.

  • a. Doppeltrikot
    L1 = 1-0/1-2//
    L2 = 1-2/1-0//
  • b. Schlunglegung
    L1 = 0-0/1-2/0-0//
    L2 = 1-0/2-2/1-0//
For good stretch qualities, two-rail bindings are suitable, in which the shrinking yarn is used in laying rail 1, the high-strength yarn in laying rail 2, e.g. B.
  • a. Double jersey
    L1 = 1-0 / 1-2 //
    L2 = 1-2 / 1-0 //
  • b. Classification
    L1 = 0-0 / 1-2 / 0-0 //
    L2 = 1-0 / 2-2 / 1-0 //

Bei Näpfchenstrukturen für hohe Druckfestigkeit, d.h. für hohe Tragkraft, die im Gebrauch einer hohen Beanspruchung ausgesetzt sind, empfiehlt sich eine dreischienige Ware folgender Bindung
L1 = 1-2/0-0//
L2 = 2-2/1-0//
L3 = 3-4-/1-1//In the case of well structures for high compressive strength, ie for high load-bearing capacity, which are exposed to high stress in use, a three-rail product of the following bond is recommended
L1 = 1-2 / 0-0 //
L2 = 2-2 / 1-0 //
L3 = 3-4- / 1-1 //

In der Strickerei eignen sich Nadelzugmuster,bei denen die Einzelkomponenten getrennt oder zusammen dem System zugeführt werden, wobei die Zuführung bei zwei Fäden plattiert oder willkürlich sein kann. Es handelt sich um R/L-­Konstruktionen,bei denen in einer Reihe Maschen und Henkel über eine oder zwei Nadeln gebildet werden können. Dabei kann auf Rundstrick-Single und auf doppelflächigen Rundstrickmaschinen gearbeitet werden.In the knitting mill, needle-drawn patterns are suitable in which the individual components are fed into the system separately or together, the feed being clad or arbitrary for two threads. These are R / L constructions in which stitches and handles can be formed in one row using one or two needles. You can work on circular knitting single and double-surface circular knitting machines.

Ebenso eignen sich Abwurfmuster, bei denen die Einzelkomponenten getrennt oder zusammen den maschenbildenden Elementen zugeführt werden. Es handelt sich um doppelflächige Konstruktionen auf Interlock- bzw. Kreuzschlauchbasis. Diese Flächengebilde werden auf doppelflächigen Rundstrickmaschinen hergestellt.Throwing patterns in which the individual components are fed separately or together to the stitch-forming elements are also suitable. It is a matter of double-surface constructions based on interlock or cross hose. These fabrics are made on double-surface circular knitting machines.

Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen verformbaren textilen Flächengebilde und der daraus herstellbaren Netzwerkstoffe wird also mittels an sich bekannter Verfahren zunächst ein "Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial" beispielsweise ein Mehrgarn-Gewebe oder vorzugsweise eine Mehrgarn-Maschenware erzeugt.To produce the deformable textile fabrics according to the invention and the network materials which can be produced therefrom, a "multi-yarn textile material", for example a multi-yarn fabric or preferably a multi-yarn knitted fabric, is first produced by means of methods known per se.

Dieses Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial läßt man anschließend in an sich bekannter Weise durch eine dosierte Wärmebehandlung, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 75 bis 100°C gezielt schrumpfen. Hierbei wird der lineare Schrumpf durch die Wahl der Schrumpftemperatur und der Wärmebehandlungsdauer so eingestellt, daß er zu dem gewünschten Ausmaß an Tiefziehfähigkeit des mehrschichtigen Textilmaterials führt. Auch dieses geschrumpfte, mehrschichtige textile Flächengebilde ist ein Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.This multi-yarn textile material is then allowed to shrink in a manner known per se by metered heat treatment, preferably in the range from 75 to 100.degree. Here, the linear shrinkage is adjusted by the choice of the shrinking temperature and the heat treatment time in such a way that it leads to the desired degree of deep-drawing ability of the multilayer textile material. This shrunk, multilayer textile fabric is also an object of the present invention.

Das erhaltene geschrumpfte Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial, vorzugsweise die Maschenware, wird der Verformung zu der gewünschten dreidimensionalen Struktur unterworfen, vorzugsweise durch Tiefziehen in der aus der EP-A-158 234 bekannten Weise.The shrunk multi-yarn textile material obtained, preferably the knitted fabric, is subjected to the deformation into the desired three-dimensional structure, preferably by deep drawing in the manner known from EP-A-158 234.

Hierbei wird der in der Schrumpfstufe des Herstellungsprozesses zugelassene Schrumpf im wesentlichen wieder herausgezogen. Die wenig schrumpfende, feste Komponente, deren Maschen aufgeschoben waren, wird wieder gestreckt, so daß die Maschenstege glattgezogen werden und für eine gute Druckfestigkeit garantieren.The shrinkage permitted in the shrinking stage of the manufacturing process is essentially pulled out again. The less shrinking, firm component, the mesh of which was pushed on, is stretched again so that the mesh webs are pulled smooth and guarantee good compressive strength.

Die zur gezielten Schrumpfung des Mehrgarn-Textilmaterials durchgeführte Wärmebehandlung läßt sich auch gut mit anderen ggfs. gewünschten, d.h. fakultativen Herstellungsschritten kombinieren.The heat treatment carried out for the targeted shrinkage of the multi-yarn textile material can also be well combined with other, if desired, i.e. combine optional manufacturing steps.

Beispielsweise kann eine evtl. gewünschte Ausrüstung des Textilmaterials mit z. B. festigkeitsverstärkenden Harzen, Haftvermittlern für Kautschuk und dergleichen unter Temperaturbedingungen durchgeführt werden, bei denen der gewünschte Schrumpf eintritt.For example, a possibly desired finishing of the textile material with z. B. strengthening resins, adhesion promoters for rubber and the like can be carried out under temperature conditions at which the desired shrinkage occurs.

Die nach der räumlichen Verformung vorzugsweise durch Tiefziehen erhaltenen Netzwerkstoffe (z. B. Näpfchenstrukturen) können, wie oben bereits erwähnt, ohne weitere Verstärkung für viele Zwecke eingesetzt werden, da sie bereits eine ausgezeichnet Formstabilität aufweisen. So können sie beispielsweise mit Beton oder Schäumen verfüllt werden. Sie können aber auch, falls eine besonders hohe Druckfestigkeit der Netzwerkstoffe selbst erwünscht ist, durch eine Harzimprägnierung des mehrschichtigen Textilmaterials zusätzlich verfestigt und formstabilisiert werden.As already mentioned above, the network materials (for example, well structures) obtained after the spatial deformation, preferably by deep drawing, can be used for many purposes without further reinforcement, since they already have excellent dimensional stability. For example, they can be filled with concrete or foam. However, if a particularly high compressive strength of the network materials themselves is desired, they can also be additionally strengthened and dimensionally stabilized by resin impregnation of the multilayer textile material.

Die in den erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoffen enthaltenen formstabilisierenden Harze können den verschiedenen bekannten thermoplastischen oder duroplastischen Harzgruppen entstammen, sofern ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften die Formstabilisierung der erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoffe zulassen. Beispiele für geeignete thermoplastisch Harze sind Polyacrylate oder Polyvinylchlorid; bevorzugte Harze sind jedoch Duroplaste, wie z.B. Melamin- und insbesondere Phenolharze.The shape-stabilizing resins contained in the network materials according to the invention can originate from the various known thermoplastic or thermosetting resin groups, provided that their mechanical properties allow the shape stabilization of the network materials according to the invention. Examples of suitable thermoplastic resins are polyacrylates or polyvinyl chloride; however, preferred resins are thermosets, e.g. Melamine and especially phenolic resins.

Die in den dreidimensional verformten, erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoffen enthaltene Harzmenge ist auf das Gewicht des Textilmaterials vorzugsweise so abgestimmt, daß sich beim Tiefziehen des flächenförmigen Textilmaterials die Maschen zu einem filigranen Netzwerk öffnen. Geeignete Auflagenmengen liegen im Bereich von 50 bis 500, vorzugsweise 100 bis 300 g Harz/m² des unverstreckten Textilmaterials. Innerhalb dieser angegebenen Bereiche wird die Harzmenge noch zweckmäßig an das Quadratmetergewicht des tiefziehfähigen Textilmaterials angepaßt. So wird man bei Einsatz eines schweren Textilmaterials innerhalb der oberen Hälfte der angegebenen Bereiche arbeiten, bei leichten Textilmaterialien in der unteren Hälfte. Das ausschlaggebende Kriterium ist, wie oben angegeben, die Bedingung, daß sich beim Tiefziehvorgang die Maschen des Textilmaterials zu einem Netzwerk öffnen.
Für spezielle Einsatzzwecke können auch höhere Harzmengen eingesetzt werden, so daß die Maschen durch Harzeinlagerung geschlossen werden.The amount of resin contained in the three-dimensionally deformed network materials according to the invention is preferably matched to the weight of the textile material so that when Deep-drawing the sheet-like textile material, opening the stitches into a delicate network. Suitable quantities are in the range from 50 to 500, preferably 100 to 300 g resin / m² of the undrawn textile material. Within these specified ranges, the amount of resin is appropriately adapted to the weight per square meter of the deep-drawable textile material. For example, when using a heavy textile material, you will work within the upper half of the specified ranges, with light textile materials in the lower half. The decisive criterion, as stated above, is the condition that the meshes of the textile material open into a network during the deep-drawing process.
Higher amounts of resin can also be used for special purposes, so that the meshes are closed by resin storage.

Der erfindungsgemäße dreidimensional verformte Netzwerkstoff weist eine Vielzahl von Verformungen auf, die sich wenigstens in eine Richtung erstrecken, die eine Komponente senkrecht zur ursprünglichen Ebene des textilen Flächengebildes aufweist, aus dem der erfindungsgemäße Netzwerkstoff hergestellt wurde.The three-dimensionally deformed network material according to the invention has a large number of deformations which extend at least in a direction which has a component perpendicular to the original plane of the textile fabric from which the network material according to the invention was produced.

In einer besonders im Hinblick auf eine weitere Verwendung als Kernmaterial für die Herstellung von Sandwichstrukturen spezifizierten Ausführungsform, weist der erfindungsgemäße Netzwerkstoff auf einer Basisfläche in regelmäßiger Anordnung eine Vielzahl von Erhebungen auf. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist der erfindungsgemäße Netzwerkstoff auf der Ebene der ursprünglichen Basisfläche in regelmäßiger Anordnung eine Vielzahl von Erhebungen und Vertiefungen auf. Die Erhebungen und Vertiefungen können die Form von Näpfchen mit runder oder eckiger Basisfläche oder z.B. die Form von Stegen haben. Im Hinblick auf eine gute Haftung zwischen dem als Kernmaterial für Sandwichformkörper einzusetzenden erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoff und den aufgebrachten Deckflächen ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Erhebungen oben ein flaches Plateau bzw. die Vertiefungen einen flachen Boden aufweisen. Besonders bevorzugt ist es auch, wenn die Plateauflächen der Erhebungen bzw. die Bodenflächen der Vertiefungen alle in einer Ebene und parallel zur Basisfläche liegen. Gleichfalls im Hinblick auf eine gute Haftung zwischen dem Kernmaterial und aufgebrachten Deckflächen ist es von Vorteil, wenn Zahl, Größe, Form und räumliche Anordnung der Verformungen pro Flächeneinheit des Flächengebildes so ausgewählt werden, daß das rechnerische Produkt aus den Flächengrößen der ursprünglichen Ebene und die Größe der Plateauflächen der Erhebungen bzw. der Bodenflächen der Vertiefungen möglichst groß wird.In an embodiment which is particularly specified with regard to a further use as a core material for the production of sandwich structures, the network material according to the invention has a large number of elevations on a base surface in a regular arrangement. In a further embodiment, the network material according to the invention has a plurality of elevations and depressions in a regular arrangement on the level of the original base surface. The elevations and depressions can have the shape of cups with a round or angular base surface or, for example, the shape of webs. With regard to good adhesion between the core material for sandwich moldings It is particularly advantageous if the network material according to the invention to be used and the applied cover surfaces if the elevations have a flat plateau at the top and the depressions have a flat bottom. It is also particularly preferred if the plateau surfaces of the elevations or the bottom surfaces of the depressions all lie in one plane and parallel to the base surface. Likewise with a view to good adhesion between the core material and the applied top surfaces, it is advantageous if the number, size, shape and spatial arrangement of the deformations per unit area of the fabric are selected such that the arithmetical product of the surface sizes of the original plane and the size the plateau areas of the elevations or the bottom areas of the depressions become as large as possible.

Die Figur 1 veranschaulicht schematisch einen Abschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoffs (3), der auf einer Basisfläche (4) eine Vielzahl von hütchenförmigen Erhebungen (5) aufweist.FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a section of a network material (3) according to the invention which has a multiplicity of cone-shaped elevations (5) on a base surface (4).

Die Figur 2 zeigt in Vergrößerung die schematische Darstellung einer der hütchenförmigen Verformungen und veranschaulicht deutlich die im Bereich der Verformung auftretende drastische Erweiterung der Maschenstruktur des Textilmaterials.FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic representation of one of the cone-shaped deformations and clearly illustrates the drastic widening of the mesh structure of the textile material that occurs in the region of the deformation.

Für andere Einsatzgebiete kann der erfindungsgemäße Netzwerkstoff selbstverständlich auch andere dreidimensionale Verformungen aufweisen. Es ist auch durchaus möglich, daß in dem erfindungsgemäßen dreidimensional verformten Netzwerkstoff die Fläche des ursprünglichen Textilmaterials überhaupt nicht mehr erhalten bleibt, wenn beispielsweise das Tiefziehen des Materials durch Stempel von beiden Seiten der Textilfläche her erfolgt, so daß in dem Material näpfchen- bzw. hütchenförmige Ausformungen abwechselnd nach oben und nach unten auftreten oder wenn die ursprüngliche Textilfläche durch eine Vielzahl schmaler, sich in der gleichen Längsrichtung erstreckenden Stempel von beiden Seiten zu einer Zickzackfläche ausgezogen und in dieser Form stabilisiert wird.For other areas of use, the network material according to the invention can of course also have other three-dimensional deformations. It is also quite possible that the surface of the original textile material is no longer retained in the three-dimensionally deformed network material according to the invention, for example if the material is deep-drawn by stamping from both sides of the textile surface, so that cup-shaped or cone-shaped parts are made in the material Formations alternately upwards and downwards occur at the bottom or when the original textile surface is pulled out from both sides to form a zigzag surface and stabilized in this form by a large number of narrow stamps extending in the same longitudinal direction.

Zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen dreidimensional verformten, beharzten Netzwerkstoffs wird zunächst das geschrumpfte Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial mit einem zur Festigkeitssteigerung geeigneten obengenannten Harz imprägniert. Die Applikation der Harze auf das Textilmaterial kann in üblicher Weise durch Aufstreichen, Bürsten, Rakeln, Pflatschen oder besonders vorteilhaft durch Tauchen erfolgen. Das mit Harz beaufschlagte Gewebe wird anschließend zweckmäßigerweise durch ein Quetschwalzenpaar auf die gewünschte Harzaufnahme abgequetscht. Thermoplastische Harze werden für den Imprägniervorgang zweckmäßigerweise in Form von Lösungen oder vorzugsweise von Emulsionen aufgebracht. Hitzehärtbare Harze (Duroplaste) zweckmäßigerweise in der handelsüblichen Form als hochkonzentrierte wäßrige Lösungen oder Dispersionen.To produce a three-dimensionally deformed, resin-coated network material, the shrunk multi-yarn textile material is first impregnated with an above-mentioned resin suitable for increasing the strength. The resins can be applied to the textile material in the customary manner by brushing, brushing, knife coating, slapping or, particularly advantageously, by dipping. The resin-loaded fabric is then expediently squeezed onto the desired resin holder by a pair of squeeze rollers. Thermoplastic resins are expediently applied in the form of solutions or preferably emulsions for the impregnation process. Heat-curable resins (thermosets) are expediently in the commercially available form as highly concentrated aqueous solutions or dispersions.

Nach einer eventuellen Zwischentrocknung des harzimprägnierten Textilmaterials wird es dem Tiefziehprozeß bei erhöhter Temperatur unterworfen. Die Temperatur des Tiefziehens wird so gewählt, daß thermoplastische Harze aufgeschmolzen werden können und dabei die Fäden der Netzstruktur vollständig durchdringen. Das Gleiche gilt für Duroplaste; hier wird die Temperatur der Tiefzieheinrichtung so eingestellt, daß der Fließbereich des Duroplasts erreicht wird. Nach dem Schmelzen des Harzes wird die Temperatur der Tiefzieheinrichtung so geregelt, daß das Imprägnierharz erhärten kann. Bei Einsatz von Thermoplasten ist hierzu die Temperatur unter den Schmelzpunkt der Thermoplasten zu reduzieren; bei Duroplasten kann die Temperatur des Tiefziehgerätes in der Regel unverändert bleiben, weil die Aushärtung der Duroplasten auch bei erhöhter Temperatur erfolgt. Die Tiefzieheinrichtung wird so lange geschlossen gehalten, bis das stabilisierende Harz vollständig erhärtet ist. Alternativ kann bei Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen mehrschichtigen Textilmaterials die Aushärtung des Duroplasten auch in einem Wärmeschrank erfolgen.After any intermediate drying of the resin-impregnated textile material, it is subjected to the deep-drawing process at elevated temperature. The temperature of the deep-drawing is selected so that thermoplastic resins can be melted and completely penetrate the threads of the network structure. The same applies to thermosets; here the temperature of the deep-drawing device is set so that the flow area of the thermoset is reached. After the resin has melted, the temperature of the deep-drawing device is regulated so that the impregnating resin can harden. When using thermoplastics, the temperature must be reduced below the melting point of the thermoplastics; for thermosets, the temperature of the Thermoformers generally remain unchanged because the thermosets harden even at elevated temperatures. The deep-drawing device is kept closed until the stabilizing resin has hardened completely. Alternatively, when the multilayer textile material according to the invention is used, the thermoset can also be cured in a heating cabinet.

Da das Harz nicht zur Stabilisierung der tiefgezogenen Struktur erforderlich ist, sondern nur zu einer eventuell gewünschten zusätzlichen Verstärkung, kann die Harzausrüstung auch nach dem Tiefziehen erfolgen.Since the resin is not required to stabilize the deep-drawn structure, but only for any additional reinforcement that may be required, the resin can also be finished after deep-drawing.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein flächenförmiger Sandwichformkörper bestehend aus zwei äußeren festen Deckschichten, die über einen Kern, bestehend aus dem oben beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Netzwerkstoff, miteinander verbunden sind. Als Kernmaterial wird hierzu der oben beschriebene, zur Herstellung von Sandwichstrukturen besonders bevorzugte Netzwerkstoff eingesetzt, welcher auf einer Grundfläche eine Vielzahl von Erhebungen mit flachen, in einer Ebene liegenden Plateauflächen aufweist. Die Verbindung zwischen den Plateauflächen der Erhebungen bzw. den Bodenflächen der Vertiefungen des erfindungsgemäßen Kernmaterials mit den Deckschichten kann durch übliche Laminierverfahren unter Verwendung von Klebstoffen, insbesondere von kalt- oder hitzehärtenden Klebstoffen, wie z.B. Epoxidharzen oder Duroplastharzen erfolgen. Aufgrund der großen Kontaktfläche zwischen dem Kernmaterial und den Deckschichten erweist sich die Verklebung als überaus stabil. Trotz der bevorzugten Filigranstruktur des erfindungsgemäßen Kernmaterials haben die damit hergestellten Sandwichformkörper eine überraschend hohe Druckfestigkeit bei extrem niedrigem Gewicht.Another object of the present invention is a sheet-like sandwich molded body consisting of two outer solid cover layers which are connected to one another via a core consisting of the network material according to the invention described above. The core material used for this purpose is the network material described above, which is particularly preferred for the production of sandwich structures and which has a multiplicity of elevations on a base area with flat plateau surfaces lying in one plane. The connection between the plateau surfaces of the elevations or the bottom surfaces of the depressions of the core material according to the invention with the cover layers can be carried out by conventional lamination processes using adhesives, in particular cold or heat-curing adhesives, such as epoxy resins or thermosetting resins. Due to the large contact area between the core material and the cover layers, the bond proves to be extremely stable. Despite the preferred filigree structure of the core material according to the invention, the sandwich moldings produced therewith have a surprisingly high compressive strength with extremely low weight.

Das oben beschriebene Herstellungsverfahren läßt sich dadurch variieren, daß man, alternativ zur herkömmlichen Imprägnierung des Gewebes mit Harz, das tiefziehfähige Textilmaterial gemeinsam mit einer handelsüblichen Harzfolie verarbeitet. Bei dieser Methode werden eine oder mehrere Schichten eines tiefziehfähigen Textilmaterials und eine oder mehrere Harzfolien übereinander gestapelt, der Stapel bei einer Temperatur, bei der das Harz fließfähig wird, durch Tiefziehen in die gewünschte Form gebracht und danach die Temperatur so eingestellt, daß das Harz fließen kann und das Textilmaterial imprägniert. Die bei diesem Verfahren eingesetzten Harzfolien können ebenfalls aus thermoplastischen oder duroplastischen Harzen bestehen. Bevorzugt werden auch hier insbesondere Duroplaste, d.h. solche Harze, die bei erhöhter Temperatur unter Vernetzung zu einem unschmelzbaren Material hoher Steifigkeit aushärten. Bekannte derartig Harze, die auch in Form von Folien im Handel sind, sind z. B. ungesättigte Polyesterharze (Alkydharze), Mischungen aus ungesättigten Polyestern mit ungesättigten monomeren Verbindungen, wie z. B. Styrol, Epoxyharze, Phenolharze oder Melaminharze. Wie bereits oben beschrieben, werden auch die in Form von Folien vorliegenden Harze im unvernetzten Zustand, in welchem sie bei erhöhter Temperatur noch schmelzbar und fließfähig sind, in den Handel gebracht und appliziert. Die bei der hier besprochenen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens der Netzwerkstoffe einzusetzenden Folien aus unvernetzten Harzen haben eine Stärke von etwa 50 bis 500 µm, vorzugsweise von 100 bis 500 µm und ein Flächengewicht von etwa 50 bis 500 g/m², vorzugsweise 100 bis 500 g/m². Man erreicht durch Einsatz dieser Harze in der angegebenen Folienstärke etwa die gleiche Harzimprägnierung, wie bei der weiter oben beschriebenen Applikation der flüssigen Harzzubereitung durch herkömmliches Imprägnieren.The manufacturing process described above can be varied in that, as an alternative to the conventional impregnation of the fabric with resin, the deep-drawable textile material is processed together with a commercially available resin film. In this method, one or more layers of a thermoformable textile material and one or more resin films are stacked one on top of the other, the stack is thermoformed at a temperature at which the resin becomes flowable, and the temperature is then set such that the resin flows can and impregnates the textile material. The resin films used in this process can also consist of thermoplastic or thermosetting resins. Thermosets, in particular those resins which cure at elevated temperature with crosslinking to give an infusible material of high rigidity, are also preferred here. Known such resins, which are also commercially available in the form of films, are e.g. B. unsaturated polyester resins (alkyd resins), mixtures of unsaturated polyesters with unsaturated monomeric compounds, such as. B. styrene, epoxy resins, phenolic resins or melamine resins. As already described above, the resins in the form of films are also brought onto the market and applied in the uncrosslinked state, in which they are still meltable and flowable at elevated temperature. The films of uncrosslinked resins to be used in the embodiment of the production process according to the invention for the network materials discussed here have a thickness of approximately 50 to 500 μm, preferably 100 to 500 μm and a weight per unit area of approximately 50 to 500 g / m², preferably 100 to 500 g / m². Using these resins in the specified film thickness achieves approximately the same resin impregnation as in the application of the liquid resin preparation described above by conventional impregnation.

Die Temperatur, bei der das Schmelzen des unvernetzten Harzes erfolgt, liegt in der Regel bei 100 bis 250°C, vorzugsweise bei 140 bis 200°C.The temperature at which the uncrosslinked resin melts is generally 100 to 250 ° C., preferably 140 to 200 ° C.

Textile Flächengebilde, die allein aus dem hochschrumpfenden Schnellspinngarn hergestellt werden, zeigen eine unkontrollierte Verstreckung beim Tiefziehen und daraus resultierende gravierende Festigkeitsschwankungen. Die erfindungsgemäßen "Mehrgarn-Textilmaterialien" ergeben dagegen keine Festigkeitsschwankungen.Textile fabrics, which are made solely from the shrinking high-speed spinning yarn, show an uncontrolled stretching during deep drawing and the resulting serious fluctuations in strength. The "multi-thread textile materials" according to the invention, on the other hand, do not result in fluctuations in strength.

Neben der stabilisierenden Wirkung im geschrumpften Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial regelt die dehnungs- und schrumpffähige Garnsorte die Dichtigkeit des Textilmaterials. Ihr hohes Schrumpfniveau gibt eine gute Dehnreserve für das Tiefziehen bei guter Maschendichte. Eine hohe Konstruktionsdehnung ist daher bei der Musterauswahl nicht mehr von entscheidender Bedeutung.In addition to the stabilizing effect in the shrunk multi-yarn textile material, the stretchable and shrinkable yarn type regulates the tightness of the textile material. Their high shrinkage level provides a good stretch reserve for deep drawing with a good mesh density. A high constructional stretch is therefore no longer of decisive importance when selecting a pattern.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß das geschrumpfte Mehrgarn-Textilmaterial eine erhöhte Stabilität bei eventuellen Imprägnier- und Ausrüstungsschritten hat.Another advantage of the invention is that the shrunk multi-yarn textile material has an increased stability during possible impregnation and finishing steps.

Claims (13)

1. Verformbares Textilmaterial, bestehend aus einem textilen Flächengebilde, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flächengebilde aus zumindestens zwei verschiedenen Sorten von Garnen besteht, wobei mindestens eines der Garne einen Thermoschrumpf bei Kochtemperatur von mindestens 45 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 %, und mindestens eines der Garne einen Thermoschrumpf von höchstens 10 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 % hat.1. Deformable textile material, consisting of a textile fabric, characterized in that the fabric consists of at least two different types of yarn, at least one of the yarns having a thermal shrinkage at cooking temperature of at least 45%, preferably at least 60%, and at least one of the yarns has a thermal shrinkage of at most 10%, preferably at most 5%. 2. Verformbares Textilmaterial gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das textile Flächengebilde eine Maschenware ist.2. Deformable textile material according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile fabric is a knitted fabric. 3. Verformbares Textilmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Garn mit einem Thermoschrumpf von > 45 % ein Schnellspingarn ist.3. Deformable textile material according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the yarn with a thermal shrinkage of> 45% is a quick spin yarn. 4. Verformbares Textilmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Garn mit einem Thermoschrumpf unter 10 % ein hochfestes Garn ist.4. Deformable textile material according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the yarn with a thermal shrinkage below 10% is a high-strength yarn. 5. Verformbares Textilmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Garne aus Polyester, vorzugsweise aus Polyethylenterephthalat bestehen.5. Deformable textile material according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the yarns are made of polyester, preferably of polyethylene terephthalate. 6. Verformbares Textilmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es in geschrumpften Zustand vorliegt.6. Deformable textile material according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is in the shrunk state. 7. Verformbares Textilmaterial gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mit einer Ausrüstung, vorzugsweise einer Harzausrüstung versehen ist.7. Deformable textile material according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is provided with an equipment, preferably a resin equipment. 8. Dreidimensional verformter, formstabiler Netzwerkstoff auf der Basis eines verformbaren Textilmaterials, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Textilmaterial eines der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 ist, der Netzwerkstoff eine maschenoffene dreidimensionale Netzstruktur bildet und daß die Verformungen sich wenigstens in eine Richtung erstrecken, die eine Komponente senkrecht zur ursprünglichen Ebene des Flächengebildes aufweist und die Verformungen die Gestalt von Näpfchen, Stegen oder dergleichen haben, die vorzugsweise jeweils eine neue Ebene besitzen, die parallel zur ursprünglichen Ebene des Flächengebildes verläuft.8. Three-dimensionally deformed, dimensionally stable network material based on a deformable textile material, characterized in that the textile material is one of claims 1 to 7, the network material forms an open-mesh three-dimensional network structure and that the deformations extend at least in one direction that a component is perpendicular has to the original plane of the fabric and the deformations have the shape of cups, webs or the like, which preferably each have a new plane that runs parallel to the original plane of the fabric. 9. Verfahren zur Herstellung des verformbaren Textilmaterials des Anspruchs 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man mindestens zwei Garnsorten, wovon mindestens eines der Garne einen Thermoschrumpf bei Kochtemperatur von mindestens 45 %, vorzugsweise mindestens 60 % und mindestens eines der Garne einen Thermoschrumpf von höchstens 10 %, vorzugsweise höchstens 5 % hat, in an sich bekannter Weise zu einem textilen Flächengebilde verarbeitet.9. A process for producing the deformable textile material of claim 1, characterized in that at least two types of yarn, of which at least one of the yarns has a thermal shrinkage at cooking temperature of at least 45%, preferably at least 60% and at least one of the yarns has a thermal shrinkage of at most 10% , preferably at most 5%, processed in a manner known per se to form a textile fabric. 10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei Garnsorten zu einem Gewebe oder vorzugsweise zu einer Maschenware verarbeitet werden.10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the two types of yarn are processed into a fabric or preferably into a knitted fabric. 11. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hergestellten textilen Flächengebilde bei erhöhter Temperatur, vorzugsweise zwischen 75 und 150°C geschrumpft werden.11. The method according to at least one of claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the textile fabrics produced are shrunk at elevated temperature, preferably between 75 and 150 ° C. 12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional verformten, formstabilen Netzwerkstoffs, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein verformbares Textilmaterial der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 durch Tiefziehen oder ein analoges Formgebungsverfahren in der gewünschten Weise dreidimensional verformt.12. A method for producing a three-dimensionally deformed, dimensionally stable network material, characterized in that one deforms a deformable textile material of claims 1 to 7 by deep drawing or an analog shaping method in the desired manner. 13. Sandwichformkörper aus einem Kernmaterial und zwei Deckplatten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Kernmaterial den Netzwerkstoff des Anspruchs 8 enthält.13. Sandwich molded body made of a core material and two cover plates, characterized in that it contains the network material of claim 8 as the core material.
EP90113530A 1989-07-21 1990-07-14 Flat deformable textile material and net formed therefrom Expired - Lifetime EP0411372B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3924150 1989-07-21
DE3924150A DE3924150A1 (en) 1989-07-21 1989-07-21 DEVELOPABLE TEXTILE FLACES AND NETWORKS MANUFACTURED THEREFROM

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0411372A2 true EP0411372A2 (en) 1991-02-06
EP0411372A3 EP0411372A3 (en) 1991-12-04
EP0411372B1 EP0411372B1 (en) 1995-10-04

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EP90113530A Expired - Lifetime EP0411372B1 (en) 1989-07-21 1990-07-14 Flat deformable textile material and net formed therefrom

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US (1) US5158821A (en)
EP (1) EP0411372B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0359153A (en)
AT (1) ATE128741T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3924150A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0411372T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2078926T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3018070T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0411372T3 (en) 1996-02-12
US5158821A (en) 1992-10-27
EP0411372B1 (en) 1995-10-04
GR3018070T3 (en) 1996-02-29
JPH0359153A (en) 1991-03-14
EP0411372A3 (en) 1991-12-04
DE59009737D1 (en) 1995-11-09
DE3924150A1 (en) 1991-01-31
ATE128741T1 (en) 1995-10-15
ES2078926T3 (en) 1996-01-01

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