EP0407258B1 - Direkt strahlender Verteiler von Höchstfrequenzenergie - Google Patents

Direkt strahlender Verteiler von Höchstfrequenzenergie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0407258B1
EP0407258B1 EP90401775A EP90401775A EP0407258B1 EP 0407258 B1 EP0407258 B1 EP 0407258B1 EP 90401775 A EP90401775 A EP 90401775A EP 90401775 A EP90401775 A EP 90401775A EP 0407258 B1 EP0407258 B1 EP 0407258B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
obstacles
strip
lateral walls
distributor
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90401775A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0407258A1 (de
Inventor
Hervé Coppier
Jean-Louis Pourailly
Joseph Roger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/12—Longitudinally slotted cylinder antennas; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/001—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to radar antennas for transmitting or receiving microwave energy and in particular, so-called multibeam antennas capable of transmitting or receiving energy in space according to several different radiation patterns.
  • Such multibeam antennas are used for example to simultaneously establish orthogonal radiation patterns between them such as a so-called “sum diagram” diagram having a very narrow main lobe in a pointing direction and a so-called “difference diagram” diagram with attenuation very important in the direction of the pointing and with two narrow main lobes on either side of this direction.
  • a solution usually adopted for making such antennas consists in providing a network of radiating elements supplied by an energy distributor known as the Blass matrix.
  • This distributor has several main lines of energy supply and several secondary lines which cross the first and lead to the network of radiating elements. Couplers are placed at each crossing so that a fraction of the energy incident on a main line is directed on a secondary line in a well-defined direction, towards a radiating element placed at one end of this secondary line. The other end of the secondary line is provided with an absorbent filler. Between two crossings of a secondary line with the different main lines, that is to say between the directional couplers corresponding to these crossings, phase shifters are inserted which may be pieces of line.
  • Coupling coefficients of the different couplers and the phase shift values of the different constant or variable phase shifters are calculated so as to obtain the desired radiation patterns which are different depending on whether the energy arrives or is taken up by one or the other of the main lines. We are talking here, to simplify only the operation in transmission of the antennas, but it is understood that they can operate in reception.
  • the Blass matrix is widely used but it is costly and complex to produce, in particular because of the directional couplers which must be provided at each crossing.
  • This known microwave energy distributor of the optical Blass matrix type has the drawback of having radiating obstacles formed by thin tongues which have a low pass band and which do not allow significant couplings to be carried out which is disadvantageous for achieving illuminations with a low number of sources. It also has the disadvantage of having obstacles which must be manufactured with main lines, requiring precise folds perpendicular to the plane of the latter.
  • a three-plate antenna structure is known with a flat central power supply conductor disposed between two larger flat external conductors grounded and joined by side walls, one of which is pierced with radiating longitudinal slots of length ⁇ / 2 excited by short-circuit bars arranged at the level of the slots between the central conductor and one of the external conductors.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain a microwave energy distributor of the optical Blass matrix type with radiating obstacles with bandwidth of use and with coupling dynamics as large as possible, which are also very flexible. Manufacturing.
  • a microwave energy distributor of the optical Blass matrix type with pairs of asymmetrical obstacles integral with the lateral walls of the guide distributed along the conductive strips forming the main lines, the obstacles of the same pair being placed l 'one facing a first longitudinal edge of a blade and the other facing the second longitudinal edge of the blade in question.
  • These pairs of asymmetrical obstacles can either be fixed to the side walls of the guide, or be part of it. They are advantageously made up of pairs of metal pins.
  • the microwave energy distributor which will be described is a distributor radiating directly thanks to a guide structure with trough opening and comprising two main lines making it possible to obtain two diagrams, for example a sum diagram and a difference diagram. It has, as shown in Figure 1, the appearance of a hollow beam defining an elongated cavity open on one side over its entire length.
  • the metallic hollow beam has two parallel side walls 11, 12 joined on one side by a bottom 13 and separated from the other by a radiating opening shaped like a horn thanks to the flaring of the edges 14, 15 of the side walls 11, 12. These two side walls 11, 12 are also joined at the ends of the hollow beam by end walls not shown.
  • a load 16 absorbing the electromagnetic waves at the working frequencies is placed inside the hollow beam against the bottom 13.
  • Two conductive strips 17, 18 extend over the entire length of the hollow beam, in the median plane between the two parallel side walls 11, 12. They constitute the two main lines propagating electromagnetic energy in electromagnetic transverse mode along the distributor. They are connected at one end of the hollow beam to an energy source or receiver by means, for example, of transitions with coaxial cables, and embedded at the other end of the hollow beam in absorbent charges intended to dissipate the residues of energy. They are held in place by not shown spacers which are made of a low loss dielectric material such as polyethylene tetrafluoride for example. Their thickness is very small compared to the spacing of the side walls 11, 12 of the hollow beam. Their width is of the order of a quarter of the wavelength of the frequencies used. The spacing between the side walls 11, 12 of the hollow beam is preferably of this order of magnitude or even less.
  • Dissymmetrical conductive obstacles formed by pairs of metal pins 19, 20, 21, 22 are placed inside the cavity on the side walls 11, 12 opposite the conductive plates 17, 18. They excite a transverse electromagnetic propagation mode radiating towards the opening from an electromagnetic transverse mode propagating on the conductive strips (17, 18) in the direction of the arrows.
  • the pins 19, 20, 21, 22 constituting the obstacles are cylindrical and have a diameter of 10 mm for example for use in strip C.
  • Their arrangement in pairs across the conductive strips 17, 18 allows them to generate a propagation of 'only one side of each conductive strip 17, 18 towards the cornet opening of the hollow beam, somewhat in the manner of semi-transparent mirrors in optics.
  • Their height relative to the internal faces of the side walls 11, 12 determines the electromagnetic coupling between the energy transmitted on the conductive strips 17, 18 and the energy radiated towards the opening.
  • one 22, 24 of the pins is centered on a first longitudinal edge 25 of a busbar 17 while the other pin 21, 23 is centered on the second longitudinal edge 26 with a spacing in the direction the length of the conductive strip close to a quarter of the working wavelength ⁇ / 4.
  • the pairs of pawns 21, 22, 23, 24 are spaced by a step close to the half working wavelength ⁇ / 2 in order to have a good sampling of the space and arranged alternately on one and the other of the side walls 11, 12 in order to compensate for the phase shift of ⁇ resulting from the spacing step.
  • the metal pins 21, 22, 23, 24 can be made of copper like the conductive blades 17, 18 and mounted on the inner surface of the side walls in blind holes by means of a screw fixing system making it possible to adjust their sinking. They can also be milled in the mass of the metal side walls 11, 12.
  • the distributor which has just been described radiates microwave energy directly from the opening of its guide shaped like a horn and behaves as an antenna. It could also include, on its opening, a cover equipped with a row of sensors and of departures of coaxial guides or cables connected to radiating elements.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Ultrahochfrequenzenergieverteiler mit:
    - einem länglichen Wellenleiter, der mit Seitenwänden (11, 12) versehenen ist, die einen hohlen, länglichen Träger mit einer Öffnung in einer Seite bilden;
    - wenigstens einem dünnen, länglichen Leiterstreifen (17, 18), der in einer Mittelebene zwischen den Seitenwänden (11, 12) angeordnet ist und als Hauptausbreitungsleitung der Ultrahochfrequenzenergie im transversal-elektromagnetischen Modus dient; und
    - Hindernissen (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24), die im Inneren des Wellenleiters zwischen dem Streifen (17, 18) und den Seitenwänden (11, 12) verteilt sind, um ausgehend von der sich auf dem Streifen ausbreitenden Energie eine sich direkt zur Öffnung des Wellenleiters ausbreitende Strahlung im transversal-elektromagnetischen Modus eines Bruchteils dieser Energie zu erzeugen; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    - die Öffnung sich im wesentlichen entlang der gesamten Länge des Wellenleiters erstreckt;
    - der Verteiler auch eine absorbierende Last (16) enthält, die entlang dem gesamten Wellenleiter zwischen den Seitenwänden (11, 12) so angeordnet ist, daß sich der Streifen zwischen der Last (16) und der Öffnung des Wellenleiters befindet;
    - die Hindernisse (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) asymmetrisch und fest mit der Innenfläche der Seitenwände (11, 12) des Wellenleiters verbunden sind; und
    - die Hindernisse paarweise angeordnet sind, wobei von den beiden Hindernissen eines selben Paars das eine (22) gegenüber einem ersten Längsrand (25) des Streifens (17) und das andere (21) gegenüber einem zweiten Längsrand (24) des Streifens (17) angeordnet ist.
  2. Verteiler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die asymmetrischen Hindernisse (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) Teil der Seitenwände (11, 12) des Wellenleiters sind.
  3. Verteiler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die asymmetrischen Hindernisse (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) Metallstücke sind.
  4. Verteiler nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallstücke zylindrisch sind.
  5. Verteiler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von zwei aufeinanderfolgend entlang einem Streifen angeordneten Hindernispaaren das eine (21, 22) auf einer Seitenwand (11) des Wellenleiters und das andere (23, 24) auf der anderen Seitenwand (12) angeordnet ist.
  6. Verteiler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er zwei dünne, längliche Leiterstreifen (17, 18) enthält, die Seite an Seite in der Mittelebene des Wellenleiters angeordnet sind, sowie asymmetrische Hindernispaare (19, 20; 21, 22), die entlang jedem Leiterstreifen (17, 18) verteilt sind.
EP90401775A 1989-07-07 1990-06-22 Direkt strahlender Verteiler von Höchstfrequenzenergie Expired - Lifetime EP0407258B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8909174A FR2649543B1 (fr) 1989-07-07 1989-07-07 Distributeur d'energie hyperfrequence pouvant rayonner directement
FR8909174 1989-07-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0407258A1 EP0407258A1 (de) 1991-01-09
EP0407258B1 true EP0407258B1 (de) 1994-10-12

Family

ID=9383584

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90401775A Expired - Lifetime EP0407258B1 (de) 1989-07-07 1990-06-22 Direkt strahlender Verteiler von Höchstfrequenzenergie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5049893A (de)
EP (1) EP0407258B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0346403A (de)
DE (1) DE69013247T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2649543B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2697949B1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1995-01-06 Thomson Csf Antenne pour radar notamment de désignation et de trajectographie.
FR2702090B1 (fr) * 1993-02-26 1995-05-19 Thomson Csf Antenne d'écartométrie pour radar monopulse.
FR2725075B1 (fr) * 1994-09-23 1996-11-15 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif d'elargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne active

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2703841A (en) * 1945-08-01 1955-03-08 Edward M Purcell Antenna
US3013267A (en) * 1957-03-20 1961-12-12 Rotman Walter Trough waveguide slow wave antennas and transmission lines
US3015100A (en) * 1957-03-20 1961-12-26 Rotman Walter Trough waveguide antennas
US3002189A (en) * 1959-11-18 1961-09-26 Sanders Associates Inc Three conductor planar antenna
FR2153164B1 (de) * 1971-09-22 1976-10-29 Thomson Csf
US4210793A (en) * 1978-03-06 1980-07-01 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Microwave applicator for radiating microwaves to an elongated zone
GB2027558B (en) * 1978-08-10 1983-03-02 Marconi Co Ltd Waveguide radiators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69013247T2 (de) 1995-02-23
FR2649543A1 (fr) 1991-01-11
EP0407258A1 (de) 1991-01-09
JPH0346403A (ja) 1991-02-27
FR2649543B1 (fr) 1991-11-29
US5049893A (en) 1991-09-17
DE69013247D1 (de) 1994-11-17

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