EP0401241B1 - Process for measuring covering data of printing areas - Google Patents

Process for measuring covering data of printing areas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0401241B1
EP0401241B1 EP89902230A EP89902230A EP0401241B1 EP 0401241 B1 EP0401241 B1 EP 0401241B1 EP 89902230 A EP89902230 A EP 89902230A EP 89902230 A EP89902230 A EP 89902230A EP 0401241 B1 EP0401241 B1 EP 0401241B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
zone
density values
line
percentage
print
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EP89902230A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0401241A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Greve
Eckhard Lindemann
Claus SCHMIDT-STÖLTING
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Linotype Hell AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0027—Devices for scanning originals, printing formes or the like for determining or presetting the ink supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for recording printing area coverage data for controlling so-called ink fountain keys on offset printing presses according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the amount of ink added for the individual printing cylinders, which are in turn divided into zones, can be set on offset printing presses using so-called ink zone control screws (zone screws).
  • the zone screws are preset according to the color values and, during the start of printing, alternately by adjusting and repeated inspection of the printed pages, the zone screws are adjusted to the correct amount of ink.
  • this ink supply can be automatically controlled from a central program. Cover values determined before the start of printing can also be entered. This data is then using so-called color density measuring devices, for. B. Printamat scanner from Siemens, determined by coarse scanning of exposed film negatives and fed to the control system via an interface.
  • This method requires a separate scan of the exposed film negatives, which requires a separate step, i.e. an additional scanning device is required, and the type of coarse scanning results in a relatively imprecise determination of the setting data.
  • GB-A-2 012 213 describes a device with which the amount of color required for printing can be estimated, an original being scanned is and the required amount of color is determined from the scanning signals.
  • this device is not suitable for setting the zone screws of a printing unit, since the scanning signals determined here make no statement that relate to the individual zones.
  • EP-A-0 069 572 a method and a device which is used to set a printing press is also known. A printing form is scanned in zones which correspond to the zone screws, the result is evaluated by means of a computer in order to enable the printer to make the necessary settings for the zone screws. This is a device that corresponds to the Printamat scanner mentioned at the beginning, but the setting of the zone screws must be carried out by hand.
  • DE-A-3 620 152 is a remote inking unit that works with a plate scanner.
  • An additional adaptation device is provided with which a better adaptation to the printing conditions is to take place.
  • DE-A-3 234 313 discloses a method and a device for measuring the percentage raster area content of color separation films ("photo-engraved films"), an optical measuring system being used together with an arithmetic processing device to determine the percentage raster area contents of the individual zones determine.
  • EP-A-0 142 469 describes a method and a device for regulating the color guidance in an offset printing press, the area coverage for each picture element of the printing plate being determined by photoelectric measurement. From this, reflectance setpoints are then determined, taking into account a printing characteristic curve, which, in conjunction with reflectance values measured by the printed product, are used to calculate control variables for the color guidance.
  • JP-A-62-170 346 (Patent Abstracts of Japan, M-67, January 8, 1988 Vol. 12 / No. 4) describes an ink control for printing presses.
  • a paper control print is output for the individual zones by means of a plotter, in which printing and non-printing elements by binary Zeros (0) and ones (1) are marked.
  • the ink supply device is then also controlled from these numerical values.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to record the setting data for the zone screws more easily and more precisely and to make them available for the printing press.
  • the invention achieves this in that the print templates (50) are scanned pixel by line and line by line to obtain recording data in the form of density values, masks (53) are created which assign the density values to the individual zones (55, 56) of the printing unit (80) in relation to the typesetting area of the printing originals (type area), to the register system of the printing press and to the characteristics of the printing originals, in the pixel-by-line recording of films for the production of offset printing forms or in the direct recording of offset printing plates percentage density values as setting values for the individual zone screws using masks (53) are determined directly from the density values obtained by scanning the print templates (50) or from modified density values, and the percentage density values determined are stored for later use or are sent directly to the printing press (80) Setting the zone screws wide be given.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageously used, for example in so-called press fax machines, in which a newspaper page or color separations are scanned by means of flatbed scanners, transferred to another location and recorded line by line as film, offset plate or as color separation using flatbed recorders.
  • press fax machines in which a newspaper page or color separations are scanned by means of flatbed scanners, transferred to another location and recorded line by line as film, offset plate or as color separation using flatbed recorders.
  • Such devices are e.g. B. in the brochure Press fax system transfer of printing templates from Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell GmbH, Kiel, Germany, order no. 28294 (2d-H-8802).
  • FIG. 1 shows a system for the transmission of complete newspaper pages from one location (sending location) to another (receiving location), in which a scanner (1) is used to scan the originals to be transmitted, so-called scan data, over a transmission path ( 2) transmitted to a recorder (3) connected to the transmission link at the receiving location and recorded there by the recorder (3).
  • the transmission can take place directly via line, by means of data compression, via radio, satellite or other transmission routes.
  • so-called press fax machines can be used, in which a newspaper page or color separations are scanned at the sending location using a flatbed scanner, transmitted to the receiving location and recorded there line by line as a film, offset plate or color separation, as described in the aforementioned brochure.
  • Fig. 2 shows a flatbed scanner of such a system with a laser light source (4), the beam (5) via a mirror (6), an optical system (7), a further mirror (8) and a further optical system (9) and another Mirror (10) arrives at a beam expander (11), the exit beam of which passes through a mirror polygon wheel (12) rotating in the direction of the arrow (12 ') Scanner lens (F-theta lens) (13) is deflected.
  • the multiple beam deflection by means of the mirrors (6, 8 and 10) results in a relatively small spatial configuration of the optical system.
  • the beam deflected by the mirror polygon wheel (12) is directed via a mirror (14) onto the template (15) to be scanned, which is arranged on a table (18) which can be moved on guides (17) in the direction of the arrow (16).
  • the table is driven by a motor (19) via a spindle (20).
  • the light beam moves line by line along the line (21), and the light reflected from the original is supplied to a photoelectric converter (24) by means of a light holder (22), a light guide (23).
  • the electrical scanning signal which is transmitted to the recorder as so-called scan data, is present on line (25) at the output of the converter.
  • Such light shots are e.g. B. in EP-B1-0 064 736.
  • FIG. 3 shows in an analogous manner the recorder on the receiving side, which in principle has the same optical structure as the scanner in FIG. 2. For this reason, the same reference numbers have been used in FIG. 3, and what has been said about FIG. 2 applies to the beam guidance.
  • the laser (4) does not emit constant light, but is modulated with the transmitted scan data or it emits a constant light beam, and a separate modulator (not shown) is provided in the beam path in order to add the light as a function of the scan data modulate.
  • the modulated light beam moves along the line (21) over the film (15 ') which is moved further from the table (18) in the direction of the arrow (16).
  • the recorder (3) has a control (31) which is connected to the recorder via a bidirectional data line (32) and to a PC (60) via a further control line, which has a software control (61) and an operating keyboard (62). having.
  • the hardware control of the recorder (3) has a memory (311) and a processor (312), by means of which the recording data of a page or a color separation from the line memory (33) of the recorder (3) are called up and into the corresponding density values for the zone control can be converted. This conversion takes place in such a way that the line is broken down into individual segments and evaluated with corresponding line segments of the following lines with respect to the density values of the individual pixels contained in these segments will. The result is an average density value, which is representative of these combined line segments and is stored.
  • These values are sent to the PC (60) by converting them into the actual zone setting data using the masks described above, which are sent to the zone controller (70) of the printing press either via a buffer or via an interface (not shown in the drawing) are passed on, which consists of a control system (71) and the actual zone control (72).
  • the zone control then performs the setting of the zone screws in the offset printing machine (80) depending on the density values determined from the recording data.
  • a pattern of density values is thus generated for an entire newspaper page, which then uses the masks, one of which reproduces the type area and the other the position of the zone screws with respect to the type area, and thus one exact assignment of the density values to the zone screws is achieved.
  • These masks also take into account the press register in relation to the type area.
  • the identifiers of the individual pages transmitted can also be logged and recorded by the PC (60), exactly assigned to the zone screw setting data and passed on.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a transmitted page (50), from the recording data of which an average density value is determined for each segment (51) or field (52) which results from several lines. Since the transmission from the transmitter to the receiver is line-sequential and the recorder (3) has a number of line memories (33), the pixel data of a field can also be called up with the aid of the processor (312) and an average density value per field can be calculated. These are then stored in the memory (311) and evaluated by means of the PC (60).
  • the individual lines are broken down into segments (51), the length of which is smaller than the width of the zones of the inking unit.
  • 50 lines / mm are used, which corresponds to a line spacing of 20 ⁇ m.
  • Usual values for the number of zones in printing units are e.g. B. 40 zone screws per pressure cylinder, which when mounting 8 pressure plates (two in the circumferential direction) 10 zone screws, d. H. Zones per plate.
  • 8 - 10 zones are omitted on one print page.
  • the segment length can advantageously be chosen so that about 8 segments fall on one zone.
  • the mean values of the fields (52) of FIG. 5 are calculated by means of the processor (312) and the memory (311).
  • the lines arriving in the recorder arrive in the line memory (33) and from there via the line (32) into the memory (311), where the entire transmitted page (50) of FIG. 5 is stored.
  • the processor (312) calculates an average value per field from the stored pixels by adding up the density values of the pixels in the field.
  • These mean density values are then saved as a rough image, i.e. an image is formed from coarse lines with a coarser line grid and pixel spacing corresponding to the centers of the fields (52) in FIG. 5. This coarse image data is then transferred to the memory of the PC (60) with a page identifier.
  • any customary PC can be used as the PC (60), for example an IBM PC with the MS DOS operating system using the Turbo C programming language.
  • the following steps are carried out on the PC and are familiar to any person familiar with a PC Knowledge of these steps can easily perform.
  • a first mask corresponding to the entire type area of the page to be printed is created and placed over the stored rough lines, which defines the exact type area in the transferred page in relation to the register of the printing plate.
  • the mean density values of the fields that fall in the type area are used to calculate the zone screw setting values by placing a second mask over the stored rough lines using the PC, which shows the width and relative position of the zones of the printing unit with respect to the type area.
  • An average percentage density value is then calculated from the average densities of the fields of each rough line, which fall wholly or partly in the first mask, for each rough line and zone of the second mask, which takes into account the percentage of area in which the respective field lies in the zone .
  • a total mean value per zone is then determined and stored for each zone from all the density values of the first calculation step falling into the zone.
  • the individual processes are as follows: After the first mask has been placed over the coarse image stored in the PC (60), it is clear which coarse pixels of the transferred image fall into the mask, ie the actual type area.
  • the mask (53) comprises only a part of the coarse pixels (54), i. H. the mean density values of the fields (52). Only two zones (55) and (56) are shown in FIG. 6 for simplification, and the number of fields (52) per zone is also selected to be simpler.
  • the mean density values of the fields that lie entirely in the mask (53) are fully included in the calculation, the mean values of the fields covered by the mask (53) only with a percentage, which of those covered by the mask Area corresponds.

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  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

In line-by-line recording of films (15') for producing offset printing forms or in line-by-line illumination of offset printing plates from the recorded data, i.e. density values of a line, the adjustment values for the individual adjusting screws are obtained directly from the density values and stored or supplied directly to the printing machine (80). Before the adjustment values are supplied directly to the printing machine (80), density values are advantageously converted to the adjustment values by means of masks, which in relation to the printed area on the pages (50), and in relation to the register systems of the printing machine (80) and to the identification data of a page (50), contain the allocation of the adjustment values of the adjusting screws obtained from the density values of the page. The masks can preferably be produced by means of a PC (60) and the adjustment values temporarily stored or supplied directly via an interface to the adjustment control (70) of the printing machine (80).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Druckflächenbedeckungsdaten zur Steuerung von sogenannten Farbzonenschrauben an Offset-Druckmaschinen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for recording printing area coverage data for controlling so-called ink fountain keys on offset printing presses according to the preamble of claim 1.

An Offset-Druckmaschinen läßt sich die Menge der Farbzugabe für die einzelnen Druckzylinder, die wiederum in Zonen unterteilt sind, mittels sogenannter Farbzonen-Kontrollschrauben (Zonenschrauben) einstellen.The amount of ink added for the individual printing cylinders, which are in turn divided into zones, can be set on offset printing presses using so-called ink zone control screws (zone screws).

Bei heute üblichen Verfahren wird die partielle Flächendeckung einer Druckseite abgeschätzt, entsprechend die Zonenschrauben der Farbwerte voreingestellt und während des Druckbeginns im Wechsel durch Verstellen und wiederholte Begutachtung der gedruckten Seiten, die Zonenschrauben auf die richtige Farbmenge einreguliert. Bei modernen Offset-Druckmaschinen läßt sich diese Farbzufuhr automatisch per Programm von einer Zentrale aus steuern. Dazu können auch vor Druckbeginn ermittelte Deckungswerte eingegeben werden. Diese Daten werden dann mittels sogenannter Farbdichte-Meßgeräte, z. B. Printamat-Scanner von Siemens, durch Grobabtastung von belichteten Filmnegativen ermittelt und über eine Schnittstelle dem Steuerungssystem zugeleitet.In current methods, the partial area coverage of a printed page is estimated, the zone screws are preset according to the color values and, during the start of printing, alternately by adjusting and repeated inspection of the printed pages, the zone screws are adjusted to the correct amount of ink. In modern offset printing machines, this ink supply can be automatically controlled from a central program. Cover values determined before the start of printing can also be entered. This data is then using so-called color density measuring devices, for. B. Printamat scanner from Siemens, determined by coarse scanning of exposed film negatives and fed to the control system via an interface.

Bei diesem Verfahren ist eine separate Abtastung der belichteten Filmnegative erforderlich, was einen separaten Arbeitsschritt bedingt, d.h. es ist ein zusätzliches Abtastgerät erforderlich, und durch die Art der Grobabtastung ist eine relativ ungenaue Ermittlung der Einstelldaten gegeben.This method requires a separate scan of the exposed film negatives, which requires a separate step, i.e. an additional scanning device is required, and the type of coarse scanning results in a relatively imprecise determination of the setting data.

In der GB-A-2 012 213 ist ein Gerät beschrieben, mit dem die für den Druck benötigte Farbmenge geschätzt werden kann, wobei ein Original abgetastet wird und aus den Abtastsignalen die benötigte Farbmenge ermittelt wird. Dieses Gerät ist aber zum Einstellen der Zonenschrauben eines Druckwerks nicht geeignet, da die hier ermittelten Abtastsignale keine Aussage machen, die auf die einzelnen Zonen bezogen sind.
Es ist weiterhin in der EP-A-0 069 572 eine Methode und ein Gerät, das zur Einstellung einer Druckpresse dient, bekannt. Es wird eine Druckform in Zonen, die den Zonenschrauben entsprechen, abgetastet, das Ergebnis wird mittels eines Rechnersausgewertet, um dem Drucker die nötigen Einstellungen der Zonenschrauben zu ermöglichen. Hier handelt es sich um ein Gerät, das dem eingangs genannten Printamat-Scanner entspricht, wobei aber die Einstellung der Zonenschrauben von Hand vorgenommen werden muß.GB-A-2 012 213 describes a device with which the amount of color required for printing can be estimated, an original being scanned is and the required amount of color is determined from the scanning signals. However, this device is not suitable for setting the zone screws of a printing unit, since the scanning signals determined here make no statement that relate to the individual zones.
In EP-A-0 069 572, a method and a device which is used to set a printing press is also known. A printing form is scanned in zones which correspond to the zone screws, the result is evaluated by means of a computer in order to enable the printer to make the necessary settings for the zone screws. This is a device that corresponds to the Printamat scanner mentioned at the beginning, but the setting of the zone screws must be carried out by hand.

Bei der DE-A-3 620 152 handelt es sich um eine Farbwerkfernverstellung, die mit einem Plattenscanner zusammenarbeitet. Es ist eine zusätzliche Anpassungseinrichtung vorgesehen, mit der eine bessere Anpassung an die Druckbedingungen erfolgen soll.DE-A-3 620 152 is a remote inking unit that works with a plate scanner. An additional adaptation device is provided with which a better adaptation to the printing conditions is to take place.

In der DE-A-3 234 313 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Messen des prozentualen Rasterflächeninhalts von Farbauszugsfilmen ("photogravierte Filme") angegeben, wobei ein optisches Meßsystem zusammen mit einer arithmetischen Verarbeitungseinrichtung verwendet wird, um die prozentualen Rasterflächeninhalte der einzelnen Zonen zu ermitteln.DE-A-3 234 313 discloses a method and a device for measuring the percentage raster area content of color separation films ("photo-engraved films"), an optical measuring system being used together with an arithmetic processing device to determine the percentage raster area contents of the individual zones determine.

In der EP-A-0 142 469 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Farbführung bei einer Offsetdruckmaschine beschrieben, wobei für jedes Bildelement der Druckplatte durch fotoelektrische Ausmessung die Flächenbedeckung ermittelt wird. Daraus werden dann unter Berücksichtigung einer Druckkennlinie Remissionssollwerte ermittelt, die in Verbindung mit Remissions-Werten, die vom Druckerzeugnis gemessen werden, zur Berechnung von Steuergrößen für die Farbführung herangezogen werden.EP-A-0 142 469 describes a method and a device for regulating the color guidance in an offset printing press, the area coverage for each picture element of the printing plate being determined by photoelectric measurement. From this, reflectance setpoints are then determined, taking into account a printing characteristic curve, which, in conjunction with reflectance values measured by the printed product, are used to calculate control variables for the color guidance.

Es soll erreicht werden, daß man auf spezielle Farbmeßstreifen verzichten kann.It should be achieved that one can do without special color measuring strips.

Die JP-A-62-170 346 (Patent Abstracts of Japan, M-67, January 8, 1988 Vol. 12/No. 4) beschreibt eine Druckfarbensteuerung für Druckpressen. Es wird für die einzelnen Zonen mittels eines Plotters ein Papierkontrolldruck ausgegeben, in dem druckende und nichtdruckende Elemente durch binäre Nullen (0) und Einsen (1) markiert werden. Aus diesen Zahlenwerten wird dann ebenfalls die Tintenzuführungs einrichtung gesteuert.JP-A-62-170 346 (Patent Abstracts of Japan, M-67, January 8, 1988 Vol. 12 / No. 4) describes an ink control for printing presses. A paper control print is output for the individual zones by means of a plotter, in which printing and non-printing elements by binary Zeros (0) and ones (1) are marked. The ink supply device is then also controlled from these numerical values.

Diese Einrichtungen und Verfahren haben den Nachteil, daß ein zusätzlicher Abtaster erforderlich ist, was den Gesamtablauf des Verfahrens verkompliziert.These devices and methods have the disadvantage that an additional scanner is required, which complicates the overall procedure.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Einstelldaten für die Zonenschrauben einfacher und genauer zu erfassen und für die Druckmaschine bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is therefore to record the setting data for the zone screws more easily and more precisely and to make them available for the printing press.

Die Erfindung erreicht dies dadurch, daß die Druckvorlagen (50) zur Gewinnung von Aufzeichnungsdaten in Form von Dichtewerten bildpunkt- und zeilenweise abgetastet werden, Masken (53) erstellt werden, welche die Zuordnungen von Dichtewerten zu den einzelnen Zonen (55, 56) des Druckwerkes (80) in bezug auf die Satzfläche der Druckvorlagen (Satzspiegel), auf das Registersystem der Druckmaschine und auf die Kenndaten der Druckvorlagen enthalten, bei der bildpunkt- und zeilenweisen Aufzeichnung von Filmen zur Herstellung von Offset-Druckformen oder bei der Direktaufzeichnung von Offset-Druckplatten prozentuale Dichtewerte als Einstellwerte für die einzelnen Zonenschrauben mittels Masken (53) unmittelbar aus den durch Abtastung der Druckvorlagen (50) gewonnenen Dichtewerten oder aus modifizierten Dichtewerten ermittelt werden und die ermittelten prozentualen Dichtewerte für eine spätere Verwendung gespeichert oder direkt an die Druckmaschine (80) zur Einstellung der Zonenschrauben weitergegeben werden.The invention achieves this in that the print templates (50) are scanned pixel by line and line by line to obtain recording data in the form of density values, masks (53) are created which assign the density values to the individual zones (55, 56) of the printing unit (80) in relation to the typesetting area of the printing originals (type area), to the register system of the printing press and to the characteristics of the printing originals, in the pixel-by-line recording of films for the production of offset printing forms or in the direct recording of offset printing plates percentage density values as setting values for the individual zone screws using masks (53) are determined directly from the density values obtained by scanning the print templates (50) or from modified density values, and the percentage density values determined are stored for later use or are sent directly to the printing press (80) Setting the zone screws wide be given.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen 1 - 8 angegeben.Further refinements of the invention are specified in patent claims 1-8.

In vorteilhafter Weise wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, beispielsweise bei sogenannten Pressfax-Geräten, eingesetzt, bei denen eine Zeitungsseite oder Farbauszüge mittels Flachbettscannern abgetastet, an einen anderen Ort übertragen und mittels Flachbettrecordern zeilenweise als Film, Offset-Platte oder als Farbauszug aufgezeichnet werden. Solche Geräte sind z. B. in dem Prospekt Pressfaxsystem-Übertragung von Druckvorlagen der Firma Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell GmbH, Kiel, Deutschland, Bestell-Nr. 28294 (2d-H-8802), beschrieben.The method according to the invention is advantageously used, for example in so-called press fax machines, in which a newspaper page or color separations are scanned by means of flatbed scanners, transferred to another location and recorded line by line as film, offset plate or as color separation using flatbed recorders. Such devices are e.g. B. in the brochure Press fax system transfer of printing templates from Dr.-Ing. Rudolf Hell GmbH, Kiel, Germany, order no. 28294 (2d-H-8802).

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Figuren 1 - 6 näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Prinzipbild eines Systems zur Übertragung von Druckvorlagen,
Fig. 2
einen prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Flachbettscanners,
Fig. 3
einen prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Flachbettrecorders,
Fig. 4
eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Druckflächenbedeckungsdaten in Verbindung mit einer Druckmaschine,
Fig.5
eine schematische Darstellung der Zerlegung einer Druckseite in Zeilensegmente und
Fig. 6
eine graphische Darstellung der Masken für den Satzspiegel und die Zonen.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1-6. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic diagram of a system for transferring artwork,
Fig. 2
a basic structure of a flatbed scanner,
Fig. 3
a basic structure of a flatbed recorder,
Fig. 4
a device for recording printing area coverage data in connection with a printing press,
Fig. 5
is a schematic representation of the decomposition of a print page in line segments and
Fig. 6
a graphic representation of the masks for the type area and the zones.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Anlage zur Übertragung kompletter Zeitungsseiten von einem Ort (Sendeort) zu einem anderen (Empfangsort), bei der mittels eines Scanners (1) der zur Abtastung der zu übertragenden Vorlagen dient, sogenannte Scan-Daten gewonnen, über eine Übertragunsstrecke (2) an einen am Empfangsort an die Übertragungsstrecke angeschlossenen Recorder (3) übertragen und dort vom Recorder (3) aufgezeichnet werden. Die Übertragung kann über Leitung direkt, mittels Datenkompression, über Funk, Satellit oder sonstige Übertragunsstrecken erfolgen. Es können beispielsweise sogenannte Pressfaxgeräte eingesetzt werden, bei denen eine Zeitungsseite oder Farbauszüge mittels eines Flachbettscanners am Sendeort abgetastet, zum Empfangsort übertragen und dort mittels eines Flachbettrecorders zeilenweise als Film, Offset-Platte oder als Farbauszug aufgezeichnet werden, wie in dem vorgenannten Prospekt beschrieben.1 shows a system for the transmission of complete newspaper pages from one location (sending location) to another (receiving location), in which a scanner (1) is used to scan the originals to be transmitted, so-called scan data, over a transmission path ( 2) transmitted to a recorder (3) connected to the transmission link at the receiving location and recorded there by the recorder (3). The transmission can take place directly via line, by means of data compression, via radio, satellite or other transmission routes. For example, so-called press fax machines can be used, in which a newspaper page or color separations are scanned at the sending location using a flatbed scanner, transmitted to the receiving location and recorded there line by line as a film, offset plate or color separation, as described in the aforementioned brochure.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Flachbettabtaster eines solchen Systems mit einer Laserlichtquelle (4), deren Strahl (5) über einen Spiegel (6), eine Optik (7), einen weiteren Spiegel (8) sowie eine weitere Optik (9) und einen weiteren Spiegel (10) auf einen Beamexpander (11) gelangt, dessen Austrittsstrahl über ein in Pfeilrichtung (12') rotierendes Spiegel-Polygonrad (12) auf eine Scannerlens (F-Theta-Linse) (13) abgelenkt wird. Die Mehrfachstrahlumlenkung mittels der Spiegel (6, 8 und 10) bewirkt eine relativ kleine räumliche Ausbildung des optischen Systems.Fig. 2 shows a flatbed scanner of such a system with a laser light source (4), the beam (5) via a mirror (6), an optical system (7), a further mirror (8) and a further optical system (9) and another Mirror (10) arrives at a beam expander (11), the exit beam of which passes through a mirror polygon wheel (12) rotating in the direction of the arrow (12 ') Scanner lens (F-theta lens) (13) is deflected. The multiple beam deflection by means of the mirrors (6, 8 and 10) results in a relatively small spatial configuration of the optical system.

Der vom Spiegel-Polygonrad (12) abgelenkte Strahl wird über einen Spiegel (14) auf die abzutastende Vorlage (15) gelenkt, die auf einem in Pfeilrichtung (16) auf Führungen (17) verschiebbaren Tisch (18) angeordnet ist. Der Tisch wird von einem Motor (19) über eine Spindel (20) angetrieben. Der Lichtstrahl bewegt sich zeilenweise entlang der Linie (21), und das von der Vorlage reflektierte Licht wird mittels einer Lichtaufnahme (22), einem Lichtleiter (23), einem photoelektrischen Wandler (24) zugeführt. Am Ausgang des Wandlers liegt auf der Leitung (25) das elektrische Abtastsignal an, das als sogenannte Scan-Daten an den Recorder übertragen wird. Solche Lichtaufnahmen sind z. B.in der EP-B1-0 064 736 beschrieben.The beam deflected by the mirror polygon wheel (12) is directed via a mirror (14) onto the template (15) to be scanned, which is arranged on a table (18) which can be moved on guides (17) in the direction of the arrow (16). The table is driven by a motor (19) via a spindle (20). The light beam moves line by line along the line (21), and the light reflected from the original is supplied to a photoelectric converter (24) by means of a light holder (22), a light guide (23). The electrical scanning signal, which is transmitted to the recorder as so-called scan data, is present on line (25) at the output of the converter. Such light shots are e.g. B. in EP-B1-0 064 736.

Fig. 3 zeigt in analoger Weise den Recorder auf der Empfangsseite, der im Prinzip denselben optischen Aufbau hat wie der Scanner in Figur 2. Aus diesem Grunde wurden in Figur 3 dieselben Bezugszahlen verwendet, und es gilt bezüglich der Strahlführung das zu Figur 2 Gesagte. Der Laser (4) sendet aber kein konstantes Licht aus, sondern wird mit den übertragenen Scan-Daten moduliert oder er sendet einen konstanten Lichtstrahl aus, und im Strahlengang ist ein separater nicht dargestellter Modulator vorgesehen, um das Licht in Abhängigkeit der Scan-Daten zu modulieren. Der modulierte Lichtstrahl bewegt sich entlang der Linie (21) über den Film (15'), der vom Tisch (18) in Pfleilrichtung (16) weiterbewegt wird.3 shows in an analogous manner the recorder on the receiving side, which in principle has the same optical structure as the scanner in FIG. 2. For this reason, the same reference numbers have been used in FIG. 3, and what has been said about FIG. 2 applies to the beam guidance. However, the laser (4) does not emit constant light, but is modulated with the transmitted scan data or it emits a constant light beam, and a separate modulator (not shown) is provided in the beam path in order to add the light as a function of the scan data modulate. The modulated light beam moves along the line (21) over the film (15 ') which is moved further from the table (18) in the direction of the arrow (16).

Der Recorder (3) weist eine Steuerung (31) auf, die über eine bidirektionale Datenleitung (32) mit dem Recorder und über eine weitere Steuerleitung mit einem PC (60) verbunden ist, der eine Softwaresteuerung (61) und eine Bedientastatur (62) aufweist. Die Hardwaresteuerung des Recorders (3) weist einen Speicher (311) und einen Prozessor (312) auf, mittels dem die Aufzeichnungsdaten einer Seite bzw. eines Farbauszugs aus dem Zeilenspeicher (33) des Recorders (3) aufgerufen werden und in die entsprechenden Dichtewerte für die Zonensteuerung umgerechnet werden. Diese Umsetzung erfolgtderart, daß die Zeile in einzelne Segmente zerlegtwird und mit entsprechenden Zeilensegmenten der folgenden Zeilen in bezug auf die Dichtewerte der einzelnen in diesen Segmenten enthaltenen Pixel ausgewertet werden. Es ergibt sich so ein mittlerer Dichtewert, der für diese zusammengefaßten Zeilensegmente repräsentativ ist und abgespeichert wird. Diese Werte werden an den PC (60) gegeben, indem sie mittels im Vorangegangenen beschriebener Masken in die eigentlichen Zoneneinstellungsdaten umgesetzt werden, die entweder über Zwischenspeicher oder über eine Schnittstelle, die in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist, an die Zonensteuerung (70) der Druckmaschine weitergegeben werden, die aus einem Steuersystem (71) und der eigentlichen Zonensteuerung (72) besteht. Die Zonensteuerung nimmt dann in Abhängigkeit der von den Aufzeichnungsdaten ermittelten Dichtewerte die Einstellung der Zonenschrauben in der Offsetdruckmaschine (80) vor.The recorder (3) has a control (31) which is connected to the recorder via a bidirectional data line (32) and to a PC (60) via a further control line, which has a software control (61) and an operating keyboard (62). having. The hardware control of the recorder (3) has a memory (311) and a processor (312), by means of which the recording data of a page or a color separation from the line memory (33) of the recorder (3) are called up and into the corresponding density values for the zone control can be converted. This conversion takes place in such a way that the line is broken down into individual segments and evaluated with corresponding line segments of the following lines with respect to the density values of the individual pixels contained in these segments will. The result is an average density value, which is representative of these combined line segments and is stored. These values are sent to the PC (60) by converting them into the actual zone setting data using the masks described above, which are sent to the zone controller (70) of the printing press either via a buffer or via an interface (not shown in the drawing) are passed on, which consists of a control system (71) and the actual zone control (72). The zone control then performs the setting of the zone screws in the offset printing machine (80) depending on the density values determined from the recording data.

Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Art der Auswertung der Aufzeichnungssignale im Recorder wird somit für eine gesamte Zeitungsseite ein Muster von Dichtewerten erzeugt, das dann mit Hilfe der Masken, von denen eine den Satzspiegel und die andere die Lage der Zonenschrauben in bezug auf den Satzspiegel wiedergibt und somit eine exakte Zuordnung der Dichtewerte zu den Zonenschrauben erreicht wird. Diese Masken berücksichtigen außerdem das Register der Druckmaschine in bezug auf den Satzspiegel. Außerdem können die Kennungen der einzelnen übertragenen Seiten mitprotokolliert werden und vom PC (60) erfaßt, den Zonenschraubeneinstelldaten exakt zugeordnet und weitergegeben werden.Through this type of evaluation of the recording signals in the recorder according to the invention, a pattern of density values is thus generated for an entire newspaper page, which then uses the masks, one of which reproduces the type area and the other the position of the zone screws with respect to the type area, and thus one exact assignment of the density values to the zone screws is achieved. These masks also take into account the press register in relation to the type area. In addition, the identifiers of the individual pages transmitted can also be logged and recorded by the PC (60), exactly assigned to the zone screw setting data and passed on.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt schematisch eine übertragene Seite (50), aus deren Aufzeichnungsdaten für jedes Segment (51) bzw. Feld (52), das sich aus mehreren Zeilen ergibt, ein mittlerer Dichtewert ermittelt wird. Da die Übertragung vom Sender zum Empfänger zeilensequent ist und der Recorder (3) mehrere Zeilenspeicher (33) aufweist, können auch mit Hilfe des Prozessors (312) die Pixel-Daten eines Feldes abgerufen und je ein mittlerer Dichtewert pro Feld berechnet werden. Diese werden dann im Speicher (311) gespeichert und mittels des PC (60) ausgewertet.5 schematically shows a transmitted page (50), from the recording data of which an average density value is determined for each segment (51) or field (52) which results from several lines. Since the transmission from the transmitter to the receiver is line-sequential and the recorder (3) has a number of line memories (33), the pixel data of a field can also be called up with the aid of the processor (312) and an average density value per field can be calculated. These are then stored in the memory (311) and evaluated by means of the PC (60).

Die Erfindung wurde im vorangehenden am Beispiel des Pressfax-Systems beschrieben. Es liegt aber auch der Einsatz bei elektronischen Bildverarbeitungs-oder Satzsystemen im Rahmen der Erfindung überall dort, wo in der Reproduktions- bzw. Drucktechnik Bilddaten, die zur Herstellung von Offset-druckformen dienen, zeilenweise bildpunktmäßig anfallen oder digital als sogenannte Pixel (Picture Element) gespeichert sind.The invention was described above using the example of the press fax system. However, it is also used in electronic image processing or typesetting systems within the scope of the invention wherever in the reproduction or printing technology image data, which are used for the production of offset printing forms, is obtained line by line pixel-by-pixel or digitally as so-called pixels (picture element) are saved.

Zur Gewinnung der Daten für die Zonensteuerung (70) werden, wie bereits erwähnt und in Fig. 5 dargestellt, die einzelnen Zeilen in Segmente (51) zerlegt, deren Länge kleiner ist als die Breite der Zonen des Farbwerks. (Bei der Zeitungsseitenübertragung wird beispielsweise mit 50 Linien/mm gearbeitet, was einem Zeilenabstand von 20 um entspricht). Übliche Werte für die Anzahl der Zonen bei Druckwerken sind z. B. 40 Zonenschrauben pro Druckzylinder, was bei einer Montage von 8 Druckplatten (je zwei in Umfangsrichtung) 10 Zonenschrauben, d. h. Zonen pro Platte, ergibt. Je nach Satzspiegel entfallen also beispielsweise 8 - 10 Zonen auf eine Druckseite. Die Segmentlänge kann mit Vorteil so gewählt werden, daß etwa 8 Segmente auf eine Zone fallen. Die Felder (52) der Fig. 5 können dabei quadratisch oder in Längsrichtung der Zonen rechteckig gewählt werden. Verkleinert man die Segmentlänge, so wird die Genauigkeit größer. Sinnvoll sind Werte zwischen 8 und 15 Felder pro Zone. Im Beispiel der Fig. 4 erfolgt die Berechnung der Mittelwerte der Felder (52) der Fig. 5 mittels des Prozessors (312) und des Speichers (311). Die im Recorder ankommenden Zeilen gelangen in den Zeilenspeicher (33) und von dort über die Leitung (32) in den Speicher (311), wo die gesamte übertragene Seite (50) der Fig. 5 abgespeichert wird. Der Prozessor (312) berechnet bei gegebener Segmentlänge und Feldlänge (vorzugsweise sind die Felder quadratisch gewählt) aus den gespeicherten Bildpunkten (Pixel) einen Mittelwert pro Feld durch Aufaddieren der Dichtewerte der im Feld liegenden Pixel. Diese mittleren Dichtewerte werden dann als Grobbild abgespeichert, d.h. es entsteht ein Bild aus Grobzeilen mit gröberem Zeilenraster und Bildpunktabstand entsprechend den Zentren der Felder (52) der Fig. 5. Diese Grobbilddaten werden dann mit einer Seitenkennung in den Speicher des PC (60) übertragen.To obtain the data for the zone control (70), as already mentioned and shown in FIG. 5, the individual lines are broken down into segments (51), the length of which is smaller than the width of the zones of the inking unit. (For example, in newspaper page transmission, 50 lines / mm are used, which corresponds to a line spacing of 20 μm). Usual values for the number of zones in printing units are e.g. B. 40 zone screws per pressure cylinder, which when mounting 8 pressure plates (two in the circumferential direction) 10 zone screws, d. H. Zones per plate. Depending on the type area, for example, 8 - 10 zones are omitted on one print page. The segment length can advantageously be chosen so that about 8 segments fall on one zone. The fields (52) of FIG. 5 can be chosen to be square or rectangular in the longitudinal direction of the zones. If you reduce the segment length, the accuracy increases. Values between 8 and 15 fields per zone are useful. In the example of FIG. 4, the mean values of the fields (52) of FIG. 5 are calculated by means of the processor (312) and the memory (311). The lines arriving in the recorder arrive in the line memory (33) and from there via the line (32) into the memory (311), where the entire transmitted page (50) of FIG. 5 is stored. For a given segment length and field length (the fields are preferably square), the processor (312) calculates an average value per field from the stored pixels by adding up the density values of the pixels in the field. These mean density values are then saved as a rough image, i.e. an image is formed from coarse lines with a coarser line grid and pixel spacing corresponding to the centers of the fields (52) in FIG. 5. This coarse image data is then transferred to the memory of the PC (60) with a page identifier.

Bei der praktischen Berechnung der Zonenschraubeneinstellwerte kann als PC (60) jeder landesübliche PC eingesetztwerden, beispielsweise ein IBM-PC mit dem Betriebssystem MS DOS unter Verwendung der Programmsprache Turbo C. Es werden am PC folgende Schritte durchgeführt, die jeder mit einem PC vertraute Fachmann bei Kenntnis dieser Schritte ohne weiteres durchführen kann.In the practical calculation of the zone screw setting values, any customary PC can be used as the PC (60), for example an IBM PC with the MS DOS operating system using the Turbo C programming language. The following steps are carried out on the PC and are familiar to any person familiar with a PC Knowledge of these steps can easily perform.

Es wird am PC eine dem gesamten Satzspiegel der zu druckenden Seite entsprechende erste Maske erstellt und über die gespeicherten Grobzeilen gelegt, die in der übertragenen Seite in bezug auf das Register der Druckplatte den exakten Satzspiegel festlegt. In einem Rechenvorgang werden dann die mittleren Dichtewerte der Felder, die in den Satzspiegel fallen, zur Berechnung der Zonenschraubeneinstellwerte herangezogen, indem mittels PC eine zweite Maske über die gespeicherten Grobzeilen gelegtwird, die die Breite und relative Lage der Zonen des Druckwerks in bezug auf den Satzspiegel wiedergibt. Es wird dann aus den mittleren Dichten der Felder einerjeden Grobzeile, die ganz oder teilweise in die erste Maske fallen, für jede Grobzeile und Zone der zweiten Maske ein mittlerer prozentualer Dichtewert berechnet, der berücksichtigt, mit welchem prozentualen Flächenanteil das jeweilige Feld in der Zone liegt. Dann wird für jede Zone aus allen in die Zone fallenden Dichtewerten des ersten Rechenganges ein Gesamtmittelwert pro Zone ermittelt und abgespeichert. Diese Vorgänge laufen im einzelnen wie folgt ab:
Nachdem die erste Maske über das im PC (60) gespeicherte Grobbild gelegt wurde, steht fest, welche Grobbildpunkte des übertragenen Bildes in die Maske, d.h. den eigentlichen Satzspiegel, fallen.A first mask corresponding to the entire type area of the page to be printed is created and placed over the stored rough lines, which defines the exact type area in the transferred page in relation to the register of the printing plate. In one calculation process then the mean density values of the fields that fall in the type area are used to calculate the zone screw setting values by placing a second mask over the stored rough lines using the PC, which shows the width and relative position of the zones of the printing unit with respect to the type area. An average percentage density value is then calculated from the average densities of the fields of each rough line, which fall wholly or partly in the first mask, for each rough line and zone of the second mask, which takes into account the percentage of area in which the respective field lies in the zone . A total mean value per zone is then determined and stored for each zone from all the density values of the first calculation step falling into the zone. The individual processes are as follows:
After the first mask has been placed over the coarse image stored in the PC (60), it is clear which coarse pixels of the transferred image fall into the mask, ie the actual type area.

Für jede weitere Berechnung werden nur diese Grobbildpunkte herangezogen. Es sei in Fig. 5 zur Vereinfachung angenommen, daß sich das Format der ersten Maske, d.h. der Satzspiegel mit dem Format der übertragenen Seite (50) der Fig. 5 deckt, so daß alle Felder (52) der Fig. 5 in die Maske fallen, d.h. die Maske fällt mit der in Fig. 5 gezeichneten Umrandung der übertragenen Seite (50) zusammen.Only these rough pixels are used for each further calculation. It is assumed in Fig. 5 for simplicity that the format of the first mask, i.e. the type area with the format of the transmitted page (50) of Fig. 5 covers, so that all fields (52) of Fig. 5 fall into the mask, i.e. the mask coincides with the border of the transferred page (50) shown in FIG. 5.

In der Praxis kann aber häufig der Fall eintreten, daß der Satzspiegel kleiner ist als die übertragene Seite (50), so daß einzelne Felder geschnitten werden. Dies ist in Fig. 6 dargestellt. Die Maske (53) umfaßt nur einen Teil der Grobbildpunkte (54), d. h. der mittleren Dichtewerte der Felder (52). Es sind in Fig.6 zur Vereinfachung nur zwei Zonen (55) und (56) dargestellt, und zur Vereinfachung ist die Anzahl der Felder (52) pro Zone ebenfalls geringer gewählt. Für die Berechnung des Gesamtdichtemittelwertes einer Zone werden nur die Felder, die innerhalb der einzelnen Zonen liegen, berücksichtigt, aber nur mit dem Anteil, mit dem sie innerhalb des Satzspiegels, d. h. der Maske (53) liegen. Dies bedeutet, daß die mittleren Dichtewerte der Felder, die ganz in der Maske (53) liegen, voll in die Berechnung eingehen, die Mittelwerte der von der Maske (53) angeschnitten erfaßten Felder nur mit einem prozentualen Anteil, welcher der von der Maske erfaßten Fläche entspricht.In practice, however, it can often happen that the type area is smaller than the transmitted page (50), so that individual fields are cut. This is shown in FIG. 6. The mask (53) comprises only a part of the coarse pixels (54), i. H. the mean density values of the fields (52). Only two zones (55) and (56) are shown in FIG. 6 for simplification, and the number of fields (52) per zone is also selected to be simpler. For the calculation of the overall density of a zone, only the fields that lie within the individual zones are taken into account, but only with the proportion with which they are within the type area, i.e. H. the mask (53). This means that the mean density values of the fields that lie entirely in the mask (53) are fully included in the calculation, the mean values of the fields covered by the mask (53) only with a percentage, which of those covered by the mask Area corresponds.

Claims (8)

  1. A method to pick up surface coverage data of print originals for printing presses (80) with adjustable ink zone control screws for the partial dosing of the quantities of ink in the individual zones (55, 56) of the printing mechanism during printing as a function of the image content of the print originals (15), in which before printing, the partial area coverages of the print originals (15) are determined and used to adjust the zone screws by means of a zone control (70) affecting the zone screws, characterised in that
    - the print originals (15) are scanned by image dot and by line to obtain recording data in the form of density values,- masks (53) are produced, which contain the allocations of density values to the individual zones (55, 56) of the printing mechanism in relation to the composition area of the print originals, to the register system of the printing press and to the characteristic data of the print originals,
    - in the recording by image dot and by line of films (15') for the production of offset print forms or in the direct recording of offset printing plates, percentage density values are determined as adjustment values for the individual zone screws by means of masks (53) directly from the density values obtained by scanning the print originals (15) or from modified density values and
    - the determined percentage density values are stored for later use or are passed on directly to the printing press (80) for the adjustment of the zone screws.
  2. A method according to Claim 1, characterised in that
    - the density values obtained through scanning the print originals (15) are stored by line,
    - the lines are divided into individual segments (51), the respective length of which is smaller than the width of a zone (55,56) of the printing mechanism,
    - a number of segments (51) of several adjacent lines are combined into fields (52),
    - for each field (52) a mean density value is calculated from the stored density values of the respective field (52),
    - the calculated mean density values of the individual fields (52) are stored in a coarser line raster as coarse lines and
    - the stored mean density values of the coarse lines are drawn upon as modified density values to determine the percentage density values as adjustment values for the individual zone screws.
  3. A method according to Claim 1, characterised in that
    - a first mask is produced corresponding to the entire composition area of a print original (15), which mask establishes in the print original the exact composition area in relation to the register system of the printing press (80),
    - a second mask is produced, which reproduces the width and relative position of the individual zones (55,56) of the printing mechanism in relation to the composition area of a print original,
    - the first and second masks are placed over the lines,
    - the density values of those image dots which fall wholly or partially in the composition area established by the first mask are selected to determine the percentage density values,
    - in a first calculation process from the selected density values of the image dots of each line for each image dot of the line and for each zone (55,56) of the second mask a mean percentage density value is calculated, which takes into account with which percentage area quota the respective image dot lies in the zone (55,56), and
    - in a second calculation process for each zone (55,56) from all percentage density values falling in the respective zone (55,56) a mean percentage overall density value is determined per zone as adjustment value for the zone screws.
  4. A method according to Claim 2, characterised in that
    - a first mask is produced corresponding to the entire composition area of a print original (15), which mask establishes in the print original the exact composition area in relation to the register system of the printing press (80),
    - a second mask is produced, which reproduces the width and relative position of the individual zones (55,56) of the printing mechanism in relation to the composition area of the print original,
    - the first and second masks are placed over the stored coarse lines,
    - the mean density values of those fields (52) which fall wholly or partially in the composition area established by the first mask are selected to determine the percentage density values,
    - in a first calculation process from the selected mean density values of the fields (52) of each coarse line for each field (52) of the coarse line and for each zone (55,56) of the second mask a mean percentage density value is calculated, which takes into account with which percentage area quota the respective field (52) lies in the zone (55,56), and
    - in a second calculation process for each zone (55,56) from all percentage density values falling in the respective zone (55,56) a mean percentage overall density value is determined per zone (55,56) as adjustment value for the zone screws.
  5. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that
    - the density values of the print originals obtained by scanning of the print originals (15) are transmitted from a transmission site to a reception site by image dot and by line and are recorded there, and
    - the determining of the percentage density values from the transmitted density values is carried out immediately on recording at the reception site.
  6. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the length and width of the fields (52) correspond approximately to the segment length.
  7. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the length of the segments (51) is several times smaller than the width of the corresponding zone (55,56) of the inking device.
  8. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that to determine the adjustment values for the individual zone screws a personal computer (60) is used.
EP89902230A 1988-02-17 1989-02-16 Process for measuring covering data of printing areas Expired - Lifetime EP0401241B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3804941 1988-02-17
DE3804941A DE3804941A1 (en) 1988-02-17 1988-02-17 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING PRINT AREA COVERING DATA
PCT/DE1989/000088 WO1989007525A1 (en) 1988-02-17 1989-02-16 Process and device for measuring covering data of printing areas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0401241A1 EP0401241A1 (en) 1990-12-12
EP0401241B1 true EP0401241B1 (en) 1994-11-09

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EP89902230A Expired - Lifetime EP0401241B1 (en) 1988-02-17 1989-02-16 Process for measuring covering data of printing areas

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US (1) US5128879A (en)
EP (1) EP0401241B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2572863B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3804941A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989007525A1 (en)

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EP0401241A1 (en) 1990-12-12
JP2572863B2 (en) 1997-01-16
DE58908631D1 (en) 1994-12-15
US5128879A (en) 1992-07-07
WO1989007525A1 (en) 1989-08-24
DE58908631C5 (en) 2010-06-02
JPH03500031A (en) 1991-01-10
DE3804941A1 (en) 1989-08-31

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