EP0392988B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zylinderköpfen mit Flammplatten für Brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zylinderköpfen mit Flammplatten für Brennkraftmaschinen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0392988B1
EP0392988B1 EP90830137A EP90830137A EP0392988B1 EP 0392988 B1 EP0392988 B1 EP 0392988B1 EP 90830137 A EP90830137 A EP 90830137A EP 90830137 A EP90830137 A EP 90830137A EP 0392988 B1 EP0392988 B1 EP 0392988B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light material
die
insert
casting
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90830137A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0392988A1 (de
Inventor
Valter Stabielli
Salvatore Di Carlo
Andrea Prato
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fiat Auto SpA
Original Assignee
Fiat Auto SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fiat Auto SpA filed Critical Fiat Auto SpA
Publication of EP0392988A1 publication Critical patent/EP0392988A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0392988B1 publication Critical patent/EP0392988B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/26—Flame plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F2001/008—Stress problems, especially related to thermal stress
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/248—Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/249—Cylinder heads with flame plate, e.g. insert in the cylinder head used as a thermal insulation between cylinder head and combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to the so-called flame plates for the heads of internal combustion engines and more specifically concerns a method of producing heads with such flame plates, that is, of the parts of the head which define the so-called tops of the various cylinders of the engine.
  • seats are provided in the blank casting and are then filled with the material forming the insert.
  • the material is integrated into the seats by fusion, sintering or, if it is preformed, by laser welding or other welding methods.
  • US-A-4 604 779 a method is known for producing a cylinder head using a tubular port liner made of ceramics provided with a covering layer of a refractory fiber as heat insulating layer while the outer circumference of the layer is being cast of metal. More specifically the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of Claim 1, which is known, e.g. from GB-A-892 770.
  • the actual characteristics of the material forming the insert whilst improving its resistance to thermal fatigue, may be critical as regards the location and retention of the insert in the head and may also tend to disturb the propagation of heat through the critical bridge region, perhaps leading to its failure.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing flame plates of the type specified above which does not give rise to the aforementioned problems.
  • this object is achieved by virtue of a method which has the further characteristics called for in Claim 1.
  • the solution according to the invention provides for the use of inserts of a material which has a low coefficient of expansion (typically an aluminium alloy reinforced with ceramic particles or fibres) and is therefore not very susceptible to the thermal expansion which can cause the failure of the bridge, the inserts being connected to the material forming the head by metallurgical adhesion resulting from the surface fusion of the insert during the manufacture of the head.
  • a material which has a low coefficient of expansion typically an aluminium alloy reinforced with ceramic particles or fibres
  • the head (cylinder head) of an internal combustion engine such as a compression-ignition (diesel) engine, is generally indicated 1 and constituted essentially by a shaped body of light material.
  • light material as used in the present description and in the following claims is intended generally to mean any material (aluminium, various alloys) currently known as a "light alloy” and used for manufacturing heads for internal combustion engines, this choice of term being intended to leave out of consideration either whether the material is an alloy proper or the composition thereof, which are irrelevant for the purposes of the invention.
  • the embodiment illustrated is the head 1 of a compression-ignition (diesel) engine including four cylinders with respective top regions defining the so-called flame plates of the head.
  • the head 1 is provided with two holes 2 for defining the valve-mounting seats.
  • the inserts are of aluminium alloy reinforced with fibres (whiskers) or particles of ceramics material.
  • the head 1 is produced by casting in a die (mould), generally indicated 5 in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the die 5 is substantially comparable to a tank with a base wall from which formations (rods) project upwardly for reproducing, in a complementary manner, the shapes of the holes 2 and 3 described above.
  • each cylinder there are two main rods 6 for defining the holes 2 and a third rod 7 for defining the hole 3.
  • the inserts 4 are made so that they can be fitted onto the rods 6 and 7 and remain at a certain distance (for example, of the order of 1.5-2.5 mm) from the upper face of the base wall of the die 5.
  • Ducts are provided in the die 5 for distributing the casting material beneath the base wall, the ducts branching from a main opening 9 situated at the upper end of the die for the introduction of the casting material (light material - as defined above).
  • the distribution ducts 8 open into the die through respective openings 11, 12 situated on the two opposite sides of the die (see particularly the plan view of Figure 2).
  • the openings for distributing the casting material over the two walls are arranged in staggered positions.
  • one side of the die has as many openings 11 as there are cylinders of the head 1. There are therefore four openings, each situated in alignment with the axis of one of the cylinders, that is, aligned with the centre line between the main rods 6 and thus oriented axially of the corresponding cylinder.
  • Openings 12 are provided on the opposite side, of which the central three are in positions intermediate two adjacent cylinders whilst the two end openings are adjacent the end parts of the die 5. All the openings 12 are thus oriented tangentially of at least one corresponding cylinder of the head 1.
  • the die or mould 6 is initially brought to a temperature of not less than 300°C.
  • the inserts 4 are then fitted onto the rod 6, 7, care being taken that the space or gap defined with respect to the base of the die has the prescribed dimensions (from 1.5 to 2.5 mm).
  • the surface of the insert 4 must be activated appropriately before casting by means of sandblasting or at any rate by treatments for removing the surface layer of alumina which is always present on this type of material.
  • the die is then closed and the light material necessary for making the head introduced through the feed opening 9.
  • the material is cast at a temperature of at least 700°C (preferably about 750°C) and is propagated within the die 5, particularly over the entire surfaces of the inserts 4.
  • the immediate heating of the entire surfaces of the latter causes the surface fusion of the inserts 4 and their intimate adhesion to the mass of light material forming the head.
  • the die 5 is then cooled according to known criteria, so as to cool the head which is then removed from the die.
  • the head undergoes mechanical working (levelling) with the primary object of removing the mass of light material which is introduced into the gap or space, indicated 13, between the inserts 4 and the base wall of the die.
  • the working in question causes the inserts 4 to reappear at the outer surface of the head.
  • the mechanical working of the whole head is then carried out (by known techniques) so as, for example, to bring the holes 2 for forming the valve-mounting seats to the required tolerance.
  • Figure 4 shows the microstructural appearance of the interface region between the material of one of the inserts 4 and the mass of light material of the head, generally indicated L.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Zylinderköpfen (1) für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, wobei solche Köpfe eine Masse (L) aus Leichtmaterial mit wenigstens einem inkorporierten Einsatz (4) aus wärmebeständigem Material umfassen, bei welchem Verfahren der wenigstens eine Einsatz (4) in das Leichtmaterial durch Gießen eingebracht wird, wobei das Leichtmaterial bei einer solchen Temperatur gegossen wird, daß eine Oberflächenschmelzung an dem wenigstens einen Einsatz (4) verursacht wird, so daß eine metallurgische Adhäsion (40) zwischen dem wenigstens einen Einsatz (4) und der Masse des Leichtmaterials (L) erreicht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der wenigstens eine Einsatz (4) im wesentlichen aus einer Aluminiumlegierung gebildet ist, die durch Keramikmaterial in Form von Fasern oder Whiskern oder Partikeln verstärkt ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leichtmaterial auf eine Temperatur von wenigstens 700°C gebracht wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leichtmaterial auf eine Temperatur in der Größenordnung von 750°C gebracht wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leichtmaterial im wesentlichen aus Aluminium besteht.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es den Schritt umfaßt, für das Gießen des Leichtmaterials eine allgemein tankförmige Form (5) mit einer Bodenwand vorzusehen, und den Schritt, die Form (5) mit Formationen (6, 7) zum Unterstützen des wenigstens einen Einsatzes (4) während des Gießens auszustatten.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formationen in der Form von Stäben (6, 7) gebildet sind, die von der Bodenwand der Form (5) abstehen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formationen (6, 7) so gemacht sind, daß sie entsprechende Löcher (2, 3) in der entstehenden Flammenplatte definieren.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formationen (6, 7) so gemacht sind, daß sie den wenigstens einen Einsatz (4) in einem vorgegebenen Abstand von der Bodenwand der Form halten, um die Ausbildung eines entsprechenden Spaltes (13) zu verursachen, welcher während des Gießens mit einer Masse des Leichtmaterials ausgefüllt werden kann.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorgegebene Abstand wenigstens 1,5 mm beträgt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorgegebene Abstand im wesentlichen in der Größenordnung von 1,5 bis 2,5 mm ist.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es den Schritt umfaßt, die Form (5) mit wenigstens einer ersten (11) und einer zweiten (12) Reihe von Öffnungen zum Zuführen des Leichtmaterials während des Gießens auszustatten, wobei die Öffnungen der ersten Reihe (11) jeweils axial und der zweiten Reihe (12) jeweils tangential zu wenigstens einem Zylinder des Kopfes (1) ausgerichtet sind.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Form (5) vor dem Gießen des Leichtmaterials auf eine Temperatur von wenigstens 300°C gebracht wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Form (5) vor dem Gießen des Leichtmaterials auf eine Temperatur von im wesentlichen gleich 350°C gebracht wird.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Gießen des Leichtmaterials in die Form (5) der auf diese Weise gebildete Zylinderkopf (1) gekühlt und einer mechanischen Bearbeitung unterzogen wird, um die Masse des Leichtmaterials zu entfernen, welche in den jeweiligen Spalt (13) eingebracht worden ist.
EP90830137A 1989-04-13 1990-04-03 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zylinderköpfen mit Flammplatten für Brennkraftmaschinen Expired - Lifetime EP0392988B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT8967274A IT1232718B (it) 1989-04-13 1989-04-13 Procedimento per realizzare i cosidetti piatti-fiamma di teste per motori a combustione interna e relativo prodotto
IT6727489 1989-04-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0392988A1 EP0392988A1 (de) 1990-10-17
EP0392988B1 true EP0392988B1 (de) 1995-08-16

Family

ID=11301055

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90830137A Expired - Lifetime EP0392988B1 (de) 1989-04-13 1990-04-03 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zylinderköpfen mit Flammplatten für Brennkraftmaschinen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0392988B1 (de)
BR (1) BR9001776A (de)
DE (1) DE69021614T2 (de)
IT (1) IT1232718B (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10133757A1 (de) * 2001-07-11 2003-02-13 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Einsatz als Bodenbereich eines Zylinderkopfes
DE10353473B4 (de) * 2003-11-15 2007-02-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Bauteil einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102004001908A1 (de) * 2004-01-14 2005-08-04 Daimlerchrysler Ag Zylinderkopf für eine flüssigkeitsgekühlte Brennkraftmaschine
WO2017082846A1 (en) 2015-11-11 2017-05-18 Ford Otomotiv Sanayi A. S. Multi-piece cylinder head

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB892770A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-03-28 Hepworth & Grandage Ltd Improvements in or relating to casting aluminium or aluminium alloys on to ferrous metals
GB2156478A (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-09 Dana Corp Composite thermal shield for engine components

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3100755A1 (de) * 1981-01-13 1982-09-02 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Zylinderkopf fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
US4604779A (en) * 1984-02-27 1986-08-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Method of producing a cylinder head with a port liner

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB892770A (en) * 1959-05-04 1962-03-28 Hepworth & Grandage Ltd Improvements in or relating to casting aluminium or aluminium alloys on to ferrous metals
GB2156478A (en) * 1984-03-23 1985-10-09 Dana Corp Composite thermal shield for engine components

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0392988A1 (de) 1990-10-17
DE69021614D1 (de) 1995-09-21
IT8967274A0 (it) 1989-04-13
DE69021614T2 (de) 1996-01-18
BR9001776A (pt) 1991-06-04
IT1232718B (it) 1992-03-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0796687B9 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens einer Brennkraftmaschine und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellter Kolben
EP0445355B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Giessen eines Zylinderkopfes
EP0877160A1 (de) Kühlkanal für Kolben
US5361823A (en) Casting core and method for cast-in-place attachment of a cylinder liner to a cylinder block
EP0410612B1 (de) Verbrennkammer mit Wärmedämmung
EP1234973B1 (de) Mehrzylindermotorblock und dessen Giessverfahren
US4939984A (en) Investment-cast piston crown cap with encapsulated non-metallic insulating core
US20040216295A1 (en) Method for repairing a casting
US4577600A (en) Structure of divided combustion chamber for diesel engine
JP2003080346A (ja) エンジンブロックの鋳造法
EP0392988B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zylinderköpfen mit Flammplatten für Brennkraftmaschinen
JP2003080347A (ja) エンジンブロックの鋳造法
US5150572A (en) Insulated exhaust port liner
GB2352418A (en) Water jacket core
JP2003048050A (ja) エンジンブロックの鋳造法
US5445210A (en) Casting core for forming cast-in intersecting push rod passages and oil gallery within a cylinder block
US5010861A (en) Heat-insulating structure of swirl chamber and production method thereof
EP1143135B1 (de) Zylinderkopfkühlwasserstruktur und Verfahren zur Herstellung
EP0730085B1 (de) Zylinderkopf und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventilsitzes
DE69003620T2 (de) Vorbrennkammer mit Wärmedämmung.
US2893371A (en) Expansion joint
EP1474599B1 (de) Zylinderkopf für verbrennungsmotor
JPH0780032B2 (ja) 内燃機関用シリンダヘツドの鋳造用消失性模型
EP0658690B1 (de) Verstärkter Zylinderkopf
JPH0780033B2 (ja) 内燃機関用シリンダヘツドの鋳造用消失性模型

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19900925

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19920511

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19950816

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69021614

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950921

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19951116

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19990323

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000403

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20000403

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010321

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010430

Year of fee payment: 12

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST