EP0392405B1 - Process for dewaxing and improving the properties of injection molded metallic articles - Google Patents
Process for dewaxing and improving the properties of injection molded metallic articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0392405B1 EP0392405B1 EP90106728A EP90106728A EP0392405B1 EP 0392405 B1 EP0392405 B1 EP 0392405B1 EP 90106728 A EP90106728 A EP 90106728A EP 90106728 A EP90106728 A EP 90106728A EP 0392405 B1 EP0392405 B1 EP 0392405B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- binder
- dewaxing
- oxide
- parts
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0235—Starting from compounds, e.g. oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for dewaxing injection-molded metal parts from a metal / binder mixture (metal injection molding).
- MIM Metal Injection Molding
- Alloys commonly used for the MIM are Fe, Fe-Ni, Fe-P and stainless steel.
- finely divided metal powders - often carbonyl iron powder (CEP) and mixtures with other alloy powders - are mixed with a binder and shaped into the green body using injection molding technology. Subsequent sintering achieves final densities of around 94%.
- CEP carbonyl iron powder
- the binder is intended to give the mixture the viscosity necessary for spraying and to hold the green body together.
- the subsequent removal of the binder has proven to be the time and quality determining factor of the process.
- binder many-component systems made of low-molecular, thermoplastic plastics, waxes, resins and special additives, but also water-soluble binders based on cellulose are used.
- binder system which binder system is used depends primarily on the powder particle size and morphology.
- the proportion by weight of the binder in the finished mixture is approximately between 7% and 20% (US Pat. No. 3,989,518, GB 808 583).
- thermoplastic binders have become increasingly popular.
- Polyethylene and its low molecular weight waxes should be mentioned here in particular.
- Patents GB 779 242, US 3,989,518 and US 4,431,449 describe the thermal decomposition of the different binder.
- Document DE-A-1 483 604 describes a process for the production of moldings from powders of metals or metal alloys, including pure iron powder, in which the powders used contain an easily reducible metal oxide, including iron oxide in the form of Fe 2 O 3 , are treated in order to influence the carbon content of the sintered molding. An influence of the treatment on the necessary debinding time or on the sintered density of the molded parts was not found.
- the time required for the dewaxing process can vary widely and can be up to several days.
- the object of the present invention is accordingly to shorten the necessary dewaxing cycle by changing the metal / binder mixture and to improve the density of the parts thus produced and sintered.
- the present invention relates primarily to the metallic part of the metal / binder mixture.
- a four-component plastic mixture (a long-chain polyethylene and 3 polyethylene waxes with different melting points) has proven to be a practical binder.
- binder systems can also be used, e.g. Polystyrene and polypropylene.
- the iron oxide is an iron oxide produced via the carbonyl process.
- iron pentacarbonyl Fe (CO) 5
- Fe (CO) 5 iron pentacarbonyl
- the oxide is added to the metal at 2 to 30% by weight, preferably at 4 to 10% by weight.
- the surface area of the oxide is 10 to 120 m2 / g, preferably 70 to 110 m2 / g.
- thermoplastic binder was removed from the metal / oxide / binder mixtures produced in this way, the time required was clearly reduced.
- parts made of metal / binder mixtures without oxide showed blisters and cracks after a temperature treatment of 36 hours.
- parts which were produced from the metal / oxide / binder mixture according to the invention by grinding 4 to 10% by weight of carbonyl iron oxide did not show any cracks or bubbles even after temperature treatments of about 14 hours.
- the carbonyl iron powder OM from BASF used as a metal component has a carbon content of about 0.9%.
- the specific surface area of the oxide showed a similar influence on the removal of the binder.
- the effect of the specific surface was particularly evident in the density of the sintered parts. With increasing specific surface area of the oxide, the density of the sintered parts increases.
- Carbonyl iron oxide with a surface area of 110 m2 / g has proven to be outstanding, with which the highest density of the sintered part was determined in the shortest necessary times for removing the binder.
- the chunks resulting from the cooling mass could then be processed into granules in a granulating machine.
- This granulate was injection molded into small round parts with a wall thickness of 2 mm using a conventional injection molding machine.
- the process from mixing in the Sigma mixer to spraying was identical to that for the metal / binder mixture.
- the metal powder was ground together with the carbonyl iron oxide in a 200 liter mill.
- the mill was filled with 60 kg of the product and 200 kg of grinding media (Cylpebs) and operated at 15 rpm.
- the parts produced from the metal / binder mixture were heated in nitrogen to remove the binder at a linear temperature profile from room temperature to about 480 ° C. and held at the final temperature for 1 hour.
- the furnace was continuously flushed with 120 l / h nitrogen.
- the sintering process was kept the same for all examples.
- the mixture was heated to 900 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere and the temperature was held for 15 minutes.
- the mixture was then heated to 1200 ° C. and held for 4 hours.
- the oven then cooled to room temperature.
- Example 2 The parts treated according to Example 1 reached a maximum density of about 7.2 g / cm3.
- the maximum density of the sintered parts reached was about 7.6 g / cm3.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entwachsen von spritzgegossenen Metallteilen aus einem Metall/Binder-Gemisch (Metal Injection Moulding).The present invention relates to a method for dewaxing injection-molded metal parts from a metal / binder mixture (metal injection molding).
Die Anwendung des Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) erlaubt die Produktion kompliziert geformter, kleinster Teile, die mit der klassischen Preß- und Sintertechnik ohne eine Nachbearbeitung nicht hergestellt werden können.The use of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) allows the production of intricately shaped, smallest parts that cannot be manufactured with the classic pressing and sintering technology without post-processing.
Häufig verwendete Legierungen für das MIM sind Fe, Fe-Ni, Fe-P und rostfreier Stahl.Alloys commonly used for the MIM are Fe, Fe-Ni, Fe-P and stainless steel.
Die zu diesem Verfahren grundlegenden Arbeiten sind in den US-Patenten 4 197 118 und 4 113 480 offenbart.The basic work involved in this method is disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,197,118 and 4,113,480.
Dabei werden feinteilige Metallpulver - oft sind das Carbonyleisenpulver (CEP) und Mischungen mit anderen Legierungspulvern - mit einem Binder gemischt und mit Hilfe der Spritzgußtechnik in die Form des Grünlings gebracht. Durch anschließende Sinterung werden Enddichten von etwa 94 % erreicht.Here, finely divided metal powders - often carbonyl iron powder (CEP) and mixtures with other alloy powders - are mixed with a binder and shaped into the green body using injection molding technology. Subsequent sintering achieves final densities of around 94%.
Der Binder soll dem Gemisch die zum Spritzen notwendige Viskosität verleihen und den Grünling zusammenhalten. Das anschließende Entfernen des Binders hat sich als der zeit- und qualitätsbestimmende Faktor des Verfahrens herausgestellt.The binder is intended to give the mixture the viscosity necessary for spraying and to hold the green body together. The subsequent removal of the binder has proven to be the time and quality determining factor of the process.
Als Binder werden of vielkomponente Systeme aus niedrigmolekularen, thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, Wachsen, Harzen und speziellen Additiven, aber auch wasserlöslichen Bindern auf Cellulosebasis verwendet.As a binder, many-component systems made of low-molecular, thermoplastic plastics, waxes, resins and special additives, but also water-soluble binders based on cellulose are used.
Welches Bindersystem man verwendet, hängt in erster Linie von der Pulverteilchengröße und -morphologie ab. Der Gewichtsanteil des Binders am fertigen Gemisch liegt etwa zwischen 7 % und 20 % (US 3 989 518, GB 808 583).Which binder system is used depends primarily on the powder particle size and morphology. The proportion by weight of the binder in the finished mixture is approximately between 7% and 20% (US Pat. No. 3,989,518, GB 808 583).
In der Praxis haben sich immer mehr die thermoplastischen Binder durchgesetzt. Besonders ist hier das Polyethylen und seine niedrigmolekularen Wachse zu nennen.In practice, thermoplastic binders have become increasingly popular. Polyethylene and its low molecular weight waxes should be mentioned here in particular.
Das Entfernen des Binders kann auf mehrere Weisen geschehen. So beschreiben die Patente GB 779 242, US 3 989 518 und US 4 431 449 das thermische Zersetzen des unterschiedlichen Binders.There are several ways to remove the binder. Patents GB 779 242, US 3,989,518 and US 4,431,449 describe the thermal decomposition of the different binder.
Man findet aber auch die Extraktion durch Lösen in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln (US 4 197 118, US 4 404 166) und unter Druck (DE 31 20 501).However, extraction by dissolving in various solvents (US 4 197 118, US 4 404 166) and under pressure (DE 31 20 501) is also found.
Aber auch hier hat sich in der Praxis die billigere, und technologisch schneller zu beherrschende Methode der thermischen Zersetzung durchgesetzt.But here, too, the cheaper method of thermal decomposition, which can be controlled more technologically more quickly, has become established in practice.
In dem Dokument DE-A-1 483 604 wird ein verfahren zum Herstellen von Formkörpern aus Pulvern von Metallen oder Metallegierungen, unter anderem aus reinem Eisenpulver, beschrieben, bei dem die eingesetzten Pulver mit einem leicht reduzierbaren Metalloxid, unter anderem Eisenoxid in Form von Fe₂O₃, behandelt werden, um Einfluß auf den Kohlenstoffgehalt des gesinterten Formteils zu nehmen. Einen Einfluß der Behandlung auf die notwendige Zeit der Entbinderung oder auf die erreichte Sinterdichte der Formteile wurde nicht gefunden.Document DE-A-1 483 604 describes a process for the production of moldings from powders of metals or metal alloys, including pure iron powder, in which the powders used contain an easily reducible metal oxide, including iron oxide in the form of Fe 2 O 3 , are treated in order to influence the carbon content of the sintered molding. An influence of the treatment on the necessary debinding time or on the sintered density of the molded parts was not found.
Die für den Entwachsungsprozeß notwendige Zeit kann sehr unterschiedlich sein und bis zu mehrere Tage betragen.The time required for the dewaxing process can vary widely and can be up to several days.
Solch lange Zeiten waren notwendig, um durch ein zu schnelles Hochheizen des Grünlings einen zu starken Druckanstieg im Innern durch die Verflüssigung und Verdampfung des thermoplastischen Binders zu verhindern.-Such long times were necessary in order to prevent the green body from heating up too quickly and to prevent an excessive increase in pressure inside due to the liquefaction and evaporation of the thermoplastic binder.
Zu schnelles Entwachsen hatte somit oft eine starke Verformung des Grünlings, Riß - oder Blasenbildung zur Folge.Dewaxing too quickly often resulted in severe deformation of the green body, cracking or blistering.
Um das MIM-Verfahren weiter zu verbessern, werden im Moment große Anstrengungen unternommen, den Entwachsungszyklus zu verkürzen.In order to further improve the MIM process, great efforts are currently being made to shorten the dewaxing cycle.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht demgemäß darin, durch Veränderungen des Metall/Binder-Gemisches den notwendigen Entwachsungszyklus zu verkürzen und die Dichte der so hergestellten und gesinterten Teile zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is accordingly to shorten the necessary dewaxing cycle by changing the metal / binder mixture and to improve the density of the parts thus produced and sintered.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claims 1 to 6.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft vorwiegend den metallischen Teil des Metall/Binder-Gemisches. Als praktikabler Binder hat sich dabei ein vierkomponentiges Kunststoffgemisch (ein langkettiges Polyethylen und 3 Polyethylenwachse mit verschiedenen Schmelzpunkten) erwiesen.The present invention relates primarily to the metallic part of the metal / binder mixture. A four-component plastic mixture (a long-chain polyethylene and 3 polyethylene waxes with different melting points) has proven to be a practical binder.
Doch können auch andere Bindemittelsysteme benutzt werden, z.B. Polystyrol und Polypropylen.However, other binder systems can also be used, e.g. Polystyrene and polypropylene.
Es war überraschend, daß der Zusatz von Eisenoxid das Entwachsen erleichtert. Für die Ausübung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es vorteilhaft, sehr reines Eisen als Metall des Metall/Binder-Gemischs und Eisenoxide zu verwenden.It was surprising that the addition of iron oxide made dewaxing easier. To carry out the process according to the invention, it is advantageous to use very pure iron as the metal of the metal / binder mixture and iron oxides.
Es handelt sich bei dem Eisenoxid um ein über den Carbonylprozeß hergestelltes Eisenoxid.The iron oxide is an iron oxide produced via the carbonyl process.
Hierbei wird Eisenpentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)₅) unter Sauerstoffüberschuß verbrannt. Man erhält so ein sehr feinteiliges Eisenoxid (5 bis 80 nm) mit hohen spezifischen Oberflächen von 5 bis 120 m²/g.Here iron pentacarbonyl (Fe (CO) ₅) is burned with an excess of oxygen. This gives a very finely divided iron oxide (5 to 80 nm) with high specific surfaces of 5 to 120 m² / g.
Es hat sich als günstig erwiesen, das Oxid sehr intensiv mit dem Metall zu mischen, so daß es zu einer innigen Bindung zwischen Metall und Oxid kommt. Das wird bevorzugt durch Mahlen in einer rotierenden oder vibrierenden Mahlkörpermühle erreicht.It has proven to be advantageous to mix the oxide very intensively with the metal so that there is an intimate bond between the metal and the oxide. This is preferably achieved by grinding in a rotating or vibrating grinding mill.
Das Oxid wird mit 2 bis 30 Gew.-% dem Metall zugeführt, vorzugsweise mit 4 bis 10 Gew.-%.The oxide is added to the metal at 2 to 30% by weight, preferably at 4 to 10% by weight.
Die Oberfläche des Oxids beträgt 10 bis 120 m²/g, vorzugsweise 70 bis 110 m²/g.The surface area of the oxide is 10 to 120 m² / g, preferably 70 to 110 m² / g.
Beim Entfernen des thermoplastischen Binders aus den so hergestellten Metall/Oxid/Binder-Gemischen war eine deutliche Abnahme der notwendigen Zeit festzustellen.When the thermoplastic binder was removed from the metal / oxide / binder mixtures produced in this way, the time required was clearly reduced.
So wiesen Teile aus Metall/Binder-Gemischen ohne Oxid nach einer Temperaturbehandlung von 36 Stunden Blasen und Risse auf.For example, parts made of metal / binder mixtures without oxide showed blisters and cracks after a temperature treatment of 36 hours.
Bei Teilen hingegen, die aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Metall/Oxid/Binder-Gemisch unter Aufmahlen von 4 bis 10 Gew.-% Carbonyleisenoxid hergestellt wurden, waren bereits nach Temperaturbehandlungen von etwa 14 Stunden keine Risse oder Blasen zu erkennen.In contrast, parts which were produced from the metal / oxide / binder mixture according to the invention by grinding 4 to 10% by weight of carbonyl iron oxide did not show any cracks or bubbles even after temperature treatments of about 14 hours.
Außerdem nimmt die Effektivität der Temperaturbehandlung mit zunehmendem Oxidgehalt bis zu einer gewissen Grenze zu.In addition, the effectiveness of temperature treatment increases with increasing oxide content up to a certain limit.
Das als Metallkomponente benutzte Carbonyleisenpulver OM der BASF besitzt einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von etwa 0,9 %.The carbonyl iron powder OM from BASF used as a metal component has a carbon content of about 0.9%.
Nach dem Entfernen des Wachses aus einem ohne Oxid hergestellten Teil, war selbst nach 36 Stunden noch ein Kohlenstoffgehalt von 1,2 % festzustellen, was auf das Vorhandensein eines Restes an Binder zurückgeführt wird.After removal of the wax from a part produced without oxide, a carbon content of 1.2% was found even after 36 hours, which is attributed to the presence of a residual binder.
Bei den Teilen, die etwa 5 Gew.-% Carbonyleisenoxid enthielten, war der Kohlenstoffgehalt bereits nach 14 Stunden auf 1 % gefallen.For the parts containing about 5% by weight carbonyl iron oxide, the carbon content had dropped to 1% after just 14 hours.
Einen ähnlichen Einfluß zeigte die spezifische Oberfläche des Oxids auf das Entfernen des Binders.The specific surface area of the oxide showed a similar influence on the removal of the binder.
Der Effekt der spezifischen Oberfläche wurde bei der Dichte der gesinterten Teile besonders deutlich. Mit zunehmender spezifischer Oberfläche des Oxids steigt die Dichte der gesinterten Teile.The effect of the specific surface was particularly evident in the density of the sintered parts. With increasing specific surface area of the oxide, the density of the sintered parts increases.
Als herausragend hat sich Carbonyleisenoxid mit einer Oberfläche von 110 m²/g erwiesen, mit dem bei den kürzesten notwendigen Zeiten zum Entfernen des Binders die höchste Dichte des gesinterten Teils bestimmt wurde.Carbonyl iron oxide with a surface area of 110 m² / g has proven to be outstanding, with which the highest density of the sintered part was determined in the shortest necessary times for removing the binder.
Die für den Spritzprozeß notwendigen Gemische wurden wie folgt hergestellt:The mixtures required for the spraying process were produced as follows:
Handelsübliches Carbonyleisenpulver OM der BASF wurde bei laufendem Getriebe in einem 4-Liter-Sigma-Mischer vorgelegt. Der Mischer war geheizt und befand sich auf einer Temperatur von 170°C. Das aus den vier o.g. Kunststoffen vorgemischte Bindersystem wurde dann langsam dem Carbonyleisenpulver zudosiert.Commercial carbonyl iron powder OM from BASF was placed in a 4-liter Sigma mixer while the gearbox was running. The mixer was heated and was at a temperature of 170 ° C. That from the four above The pre-mixed binder system was then slowly added to the carbonyl iron powder.
Ab dem Zeitpunkt, wo die Masse eine pastöse Konsistenz aufwies - dieser Zeitpunkt war sehr genau reproduzierbar - blieb das Gemisch noch 20 Minuten im laufenden Mischer und wurde dann im warmen Zustand aus dem Mischer entfernt.From the point at which the mass had a pasty consistency - this point in time was very precisely reproducible - the mixture remained in the running mixer for 20 minutes and was then removed from the mixer in the warm state.
Die aus der erkaltenden Masse entstehenden Brocken konnte dann in einer Granuliermaschine zu Granulat verarbeitet werden. Dieses Granulat wurde mit einer konventionellen Spritzgußmaschine zu kleinen runden Teilen mit einer Wandstärke von 2 mm verspritzt.The chunks resulting from the cooling mass could then be processed into granules in a granulating machine. This granulate was injection molded into small round parts with a wall thickness of 2 mm using a conventional injection molding machine.
Der Vorgang vom Mischen im Sigma-Mischer bis zum Spritzen war identisch zu dem beim Metall/Binder-Gemisch. Vor dem Mischvorgang wurde das Metallpulver zusammen mit dem Carbonyleisenoxid in einer 200-Liter-Mühle gemahlen. Die Mühle war mit 60 kg des Produkts und 200 kg Mahlkörpern (Cylpebs) gefüllt und arbeitete mit 15 U/min.The process from mixing in the Sigma mixer to spraying was identical to that for the metal / binder mixture. Before the mixing process, the metal powder was ground together with the carbonyl iron oxide in a 200 liter mill. The mill was filled with 60 kg of the product and 200 kg of grinding media (Cylpebs) and operated at 15 rpm.
Die aus dem Metall/Binder-Gemisch hergestellten Teile wurden zum Entfernen des Binders bei einem linearen Temperaturverlauf von Raumtemperatur auf ca. 480°C in Stickstoff erhitzt und für 1 Stunde bei der Endtemperatur gehalten. Der Ofen wurde ständig mit 120 l/h Stickstoff gespült.The parts produced from the metal / binder mixture were heated in nitrogen to remove the binder at a linear temperature profile from room temperature to about 480 ° C. and held at the final temperature for 1 hour. The furnace was continuously flushed with 120 l / h nitrogen.
Der Gehalt des Binders betrug 8 Gew.-%.
- a) Aufheizrate ca. 32°C/h
Massenverlust ca. 6 %
C-Gehalt ca. 1,2 % - b) Aufheizrate ca. 13°C/h
Massenverlust ca. 8 %
C-Gehalt ca. 1,2 %.
- a) Heating rate approx. 32 ° C / h
Mass loss approx. 6%
C content approx.1.2% - b) Heating rate approx. 13 ° C / h
Mass loss approx. 8%
C content approx. 1.2%.
Alle Teile waren gerissen und zeigten Blasen.
Einige Teile waren außerdem stark verformt.All parts were cracked and blistered.
Some parts were also badly deformed.
Der Sintervorgang wurde für alle Beispiele gleichgehalten. In einer Wasserstoffatmosphäre wurde auf 900°C geheizt und die Temperatur für 15 min gehalten. Anschließend wurde auf 1200°C geheizt und 4 Stunden gehalten. Der Ofen kühlte dann auf Raumtemperatur ab.The sintering process was kept the same for all examples. The mixture was heated to 900 ° C. in a hydrogen atmosphere and the temperature was held for 15 minutes. The mixture was then heated to 1200 ° C. and held for 4 hours. The oven then cooled to room temperature.
Die nach Beispiel 1 behandelten Teile erreichten eine maximale Dichte von ca. 7,2 g/cm³.The parts treated according to Example 1 reached a maximum density of about 7.2 g / cm³.
5 Gew.-% des Carbonyleisenoxids mit einer Oberfläche von 110 m²/g wurden wie beschrieben in der Mühle zusammen mit den Carbonyleisenpulver gemahlen und anschließend wie oben beschrieben verarbeitet. Die Teile wurden ebenfalls unter Stickstoff einer Temperaturbehandlung unterworfen.
- a) Aufheizrate ca. 32°C/h
Massenverluste ca. 7 %
C-Gehalt ca. 1 %.
- a) Heating rate approx. 32 ° C / h
Mass losses approx. 7%
C content approx. 1%.
An keinem Teil wurden Blasen oder Risse beobachtet. Die Teile waren nach dem Entwachsen besser zu handhaben.No bubbles or cracks were observed in any part. The parts were easier to handle after waxing.
Die maximal erreichte Dichte der gesinterten Teile betrug etwa 7,6 g/cm³.The maximum density of the sintered parts reached was about 7.6 g / cm³.
Claims (2)
- A process for dewaxing injection-molded metal parts made from a metal/binder mixture, which comprises adding to the metal/binder mixture from 2 to 30% by weight of an iron carbonyl oxide which has a virtually spherical habit and is prepared by burning iron carbonyl and has a specific surface area of from 10 to 120 m²/g, and subsequently carrying out a temperature treatment.
- A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the iron carbonyl oxide is bonded particularly strongly to the metal particles by grinding together with metal powder (particles).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3912298 | 1989-04-14 | ||
| DE3912298A DE3912298A1 (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1989-04-14 | METHOD FOR DEWARNING AND IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF INJECTION MOLDED METAL PARTS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0392405A2 EP0392405A2 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| EP0392405A3 EP0392405A3 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| EP0392405B1 true EP0392405B1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
Family
ID=6378681
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP90106728A Expired - Lifetime EP0392405B1 (en) | 1989-04-14 | 1990-04-07 | Process for dewaxing and improving the properties of injection molded metallic articles |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5009841A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0392405B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02294405A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE109049T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3912298A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0392405T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2057239T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106735242A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 杭州铭赫科技有限公司 | It is a kind of by oxalic acid apply to it is metal injection molded during method |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5746960A (en) * | 1988-04-15 | 1998-05-05 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing powder injection molded part |
| US5366679A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1994-11-22 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for thermal debinding and sintering of a workpiece |
| US5401292A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1995-03-28 | Isp Investments Inc. | Carbonyl iron power premix composition |
| US6280683B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2001-08-28 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
| EP1023383B1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2010-12-08 | Hoeganaes Corporation | Improved metallurgical compositions containing binding agent/lubricant and process for preparing same |
| EP2126190B1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2010-07-14 | Basf Se | Method for producing metallised textile surfaces using electricity-generating or electricity-consuming elements |
| CN103464759B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-10-21 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method preparing high-performance complicated shape pure iron soft magnetic products |
| US10022845B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 | 2018-07-17 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Tool bit |
| CN212351801U (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2021-01-15 | 米沃奇电动工具公司 | Tool head for driving fasteners |
| USD921468S1 (en) | 2018-08-10 | 2021-06-08 | Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation | Driver bit |
| CN111940740A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-17 | 兰州金浩机械制造有限公司 | Powder metallurgy material injection molding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB779242A (en) * | 1952-08-11 | 1957-07-17 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the formation of moulded articles from sinterable materials |
| FR1090014A (en) * | 1952-08-11 | 1955-03-25 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Methods and process for molding materials, especially ceramic parts |
| DE1483694C3 (en) * | 1965-07-16 | 1975-05-07 | Feldmuehle Anlagen- Und Produktionsgesellschaft Mbh, 4000 Duesseldorf | Process for producing sintered bodies from pastes |
| US4197118A (en) * | 1972-06-14 | 1980-04-08 | Parmatech Corporation | Manufacture of parts from particulate material |
| US3989518A (en) * | 1975-05-08 | 1976-11-02 | United States Steel Corporation | Production of powder metallurgical parts by formation of sintered preforms in thermally degradable molds |
| US4113480A (en) * | 1976-12-09 | 1978-09-12 | Cabot Corporation | Method of injection molding powder metal parts |
| US4431449A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1984-02-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Infiltrated molded articles of spherical non-refractory metal powders |
| US4404166A (en) * | 1981-01-22 | 1983-09-13 | Witec Cayman Patents, Limited | Method for removing binder from a green body |
| DE3120501C2 (en) * | 1981-05-22 | 1983-02-10 | MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union München GmbH, 8000 München | "Process and device for the production of molded parts" |
| US4604259A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1986-08-05 | Scm Corporation | Process for making copper-rich metal shapes by powder metallurgy |
| US4599277A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-07-08 | International Business Machines Corp. | Control of the sintering of powdered metals |
-
1989
- 1989-04-14 DE DE3912298A patent/DE3912298A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-04-07 DE DE59006550T patent/DE59006550D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-07 ES ES90106728T patent/ES2057239T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-07 DK DK90106728.0T patent/DK0392405T3/en active
- 1990-04-07 AT AT90106728T patent/ATE109049T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-07 EP EP90106728A patent/EP0392405B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-12 US US07/508,190 patent/US5009841A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-13 JP JP2096591A patent/JPH02294405A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106735242A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 杭州铭赫科技有限公司 | It is a kind of by oxalic acid apply to it is metal injection molded during method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02294405A (en) | 1990-12-05 |
| US5009841A (en) | 1991-04-23 |
| ATE109049T1 (en) | 1994-08-15 |
| DE59006550D1 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
| EP0392405A2 (en) | 1990-10-17 |
| DE3912298A1 (en) | 1990-10-18 |
| ES2057239T3 (en) | 1994-10-16 |
| DK0392405T3 (en) | 1994-08-22 |
| EP0392405A3 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
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