EP0389970A2 - Fin and heat-exchanger - Google Patents

Fin and heat-exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389970A2
EP0389970A2 EP90105475A EP90105475A EP0389970A2 EP 0389970 A2 EP0389970 A2 EP 0389970A2 EP 90105475 A EP90105475 A EP 90105475A EP 90105475 A EP90105475 A EP 90105475A EP 0389970 A2 EP0389970 A2 EP 0389970A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collars
heat exchanger
collar
height
radii
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90105475A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0389970B1 (en
EP0389970A3 (en
Inventor
Ernst Fuhrmann
Richard Scholze
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Autokuehler GmbH and Co KG
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Autokuehler GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Autokuehler GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Autokuehler GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT90105475T priority Critical patent/ATE97733T1/en
Publication of EP0389970A2 publication Critical patent/EP0389970A2/en
Publication of EP0389970A3 publication Critical patent/EP0389970A3/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/50Side-by-side conduits with fins
    • Y10S165/501Plate fins penetrated by plural conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a baffle according to the preamble of claim 1 and a heat exchanger network according to the preamble of claim 4.
  • Baffles with oval cross sections are generally known in heat exchangers, in particular those for motor vehicles (EP 0176 729). They all have collars, the heights of which are constant over the entire circumference of the passages or fluctuate at most within normal tolerances. The optimum of the respective collar height can be determined in particular by tests, since from a certain collar height it is no longer possible to achieve a substantial increase in performance, while heights which are lower than the optimum result in a significant decrease in performance.
  • the collars are produced by punching out the guide plate in a first punching step using a cutting punch and a die having a cutting edge, and then shaping the collar in a second deep-drawing step using a die and another die.
  • Heat exchangers with such baffles represent a special form of tube coolers. However, they differ from conventional tube coolers in that the heat exchanger tubes are connected to the baffles solely by widening their cross section and are therefore not additionally soldered, welded or glued to them. To achieve good efficiency, it is necessary that the tube walls lie snugly against the collar over the entire circumference.
  • the invention has for its object to design baffles and thus equipped heat exchangers of the type mentioned in such a way that the tearing of the collar is largely eliminated without having to accept a significant reduction in performance.
  • the invention has the surprising advantage that it enables a useful compromise between the mechanical and thermal effects of the collars, since the proposed reduction in the collar height in the areas of the small radii, on the one hand, almost completely excludes the tendency to form cracks, but on the other hand only one minor performance degradation.
  • the single-row heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1 is designed in the manner of a tube cooler. It contains a number of plate-shaped baffles 1 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, each of which has a series of oval openings or passages 2, which are arranged coaxially in the stacked state of the baffles 1.
  • the edges of the guide plates 1 delimiting the passages 2 are formed by coaxial, raised collars 3 (FIGS. 2 to 4).
  • the passages 2 and collar 3 are penetrated by tubes 4 arranged perpendicular to the guide plates 1 and having an oval cross section corresponding to the cross section of the passages 2 and collar 3.
  • the upper and lower ends of the tubes 4 protrude through corresponding openings 5 each of a base plate 6 and 7 and are connected along their entire circumference with collars of these openings 5 in a liquid-tight or gas-tight manner.
  • a conventional collection box 9 attached, which has a connection 10 for the supply or discharge of the medium flowing through the tubes 4, for. Water.
  • a corresponding collecting box, not shown, is connected to the upper base plate 7.
  • the guide plates 1 can also be provided with gill fields or the like (not shown) for swirling the second medium, for example air.
  • the packet 11 of baffles 1 and tubes 4 is generally referred to as a heat exchanger network.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 only show a section of a guide plate 1 that has a single passage 2. Since the other passages 2 and guide plates 1 are designed accordingly, their additional graphic representation can be dispensed with.
  • the passage 2 shown has a longest diameter of approximately 12.2 mm, a smallest diameter of approximately 3.4 mm and thus a diameter ratio of approximately 3.6.
  • collar heights H (FIG. 4) of 0.6 mm are considered necessary.
  • at least the collar 3 is produced by first punching out an opening in a pre-cut, the outline 12 of which is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2.
  • d1 d2 - 2 h
  • D1 D2 - 2H
  • r1 r2 - h
  • R1 R2 - H.
  • an opening is first punched out in the guide plate 1, the contour of which is designated in FIG. 2 by a dashed line 14, which at the same time represents the outer contour of the cutting punch used.
  • line 14 whose distance from the imaginary finished collar 3 is constant all around, the distance of line 14 from the imaginary finished collar 3 is in the region of the smallest radius, ie the smallest at a point 15 and in the region of the largest radius, ie on a position 16 am biggest. Therefore, a drawing punch with one of the inner contour of the collar used 3 corresponding outer contour during the subsequent thermoforming process, then the result is automatically that the height of the collar dimension H receives 3 corresponding to FIG.
  • the dimension h in the region of the largest radius and the point 16, on the other hand will have a smaller dimension h (FIG. 3) in the region of the smallest radius, ie at point 15. Between points 15 and 16, the dimension h gradually increases to the value H , the transition areas being able to run more or less abruptly, depending on the individual case. In particular, it is of course possible to allow the dimension h to grow to the dimension H faster than FIG. 2, so that the collar 3 can have the optimum height H at a large portion of its circumference, at which the performance of the guide plates 1 equipped heat exchanger is largest.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 Such a variant is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • a guide plate 21, which is otherwise designed in accordance with FIGS. 1 to 4, has a passage 22 and a collar 23.
  • a dash-dotted line 24 shows which outer contour the cutting punch of the punching tool or the punching opening made by it in the guide plate 21 has.
  • the collar height only increases to the full height H along short transition regions 27 and 28.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is that the dimension h can be chosen as it is optimal for manufacturing reasons to avoid cracks in the collar 3, and the dimension H can be chosen as it is with regard to an optimal Heat exchange is required.
  • the intermediate transition areas can then be optimized with regard to these two desired properties.
  • a guide plate 31 with a passage 32 and a collar 33 is shown, it being indicated with a dash-dotted line which outer contour the cutting punch or which inner contour the punch opening made by it after the pre-cut has.
  • the collar 33 has a maximum height H of, for example, 0.6 mm at the points 35, 36 corresponding to the points 15, 16.
  • the smallest height h of, for example, 0.3 mm lies here at a point 37, ie also in the region of the small radii or the smallest radius, but not offset on the associated end faces of the collars, but somewhat in the direction of the large radii.
  • transition regions 38 and 39 are provided, along which the height gradually increases or decreases to the final value.
  • the height at points 35, 36 can be the same, but also different.
  • the points 37 are preferably arranged where the collars 33 are most prone to cracking under the circumstances prevailing in the individual case.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show an embodiment similar to FIGS. 8 to 10 with a guide plate 41, a passage 42 and a collar 43, the punched-out made during the pre-cutting running along a line 44.
  • transition areas 48, 49 between points 47 with the smallest height h and points 45 and 46 with the greatest height H are formed more abruptly or more steeply, similarly to the transition zones 27, 28 of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 to 7 in comparison to FIGS. 2 to 4 applies.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the dimensions h and H which are expedient in the individual case and the contour of the transition regions between these dimensions in accordance with lines 14, 24, 34 and 44 in FIGS. 2, 5, 8 and 11.
  • oval tube cross sections in the strictly mathematical sense. Rather, for the purposes of the invention, the term “oval” is to be understood to mean all such cross-sectional shapes which are generally referred to as oval, elliptical, egg-shaped or the like or in the sense of "flat oval” in that they have two parallel, straight sides, the Ends are connected together by oval, elliptical, semicircular or the like bulging sides. Even with pipes with such cross-sectional shapes, the pipe sections should have a ratio of the large to the small diameter of 2.5: 1 to 8: 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fin for a heat exchanger having a multiplicity of passages (2) which are intended for accommodating heat exchanger tubes and consist of turned-up collars (3) of oval cross-section. In order to avoid cracks in the collars, in particular given large ratios of the maximum diameter to the minimum diameter, in the region of their small radii the collars (3) have a smaller height than in the region of their larger radii. Moreover, the invention relates to a heat exchanger grid provided with such fins (1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Leitblech gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Wärmeaustauschernetz gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 4.The invention relates to a baffle according to the preamble of claim 1 and a heat exchanger network according to the preamble of claim 4.

Leitbleche mit ovalen Querschnitten sind bei Wärmeaustauschern, insbeson­dere solchen für Kraftfahrzeuge, allgemein bekannt (EP 0176 729). Sie weisen durchweg Kragen auf, deren Höhen über den gesamten Umfang der Durchzüge konstant sind bzw. allenfalls innerhalb üblicher Toleranzen schwanken. Das Optimum der jeweiligen Kragenhöhe kann insbesondere durch Versuche ermittelt werden, da sich ab einer bestimmten Kragenhöhe keine wesentliche Leistungssteigerung mehr erzielen läßt, während kleinere als dem Optimum entsprechende Höhen zu einer deutlichen Leistungsabnahme führen. Die Herstellung der Kragen erfolgt dadurch, daß in einem ersten Stanzschritt mittels eines Schnittstempels und einer eine Schneidkante aufweisenden Matrize aber aus dem Leitblech ausgestanzt und anschließend in einem zweiten Tiefziehschritt mittels eines Ziehstempels und einer weiteren Matrize die Kragen ausgeformt werden.Baffles with oval cross sections are generally known in heat exchangers, in particular those for motor vehicles (EP 0176 729). They all have collars, the heights of which are constant over the entire circumference of the passages or fluctuate at most within normal tolerances. The optimum of the respective collar height can be determined in particular by tests, since from a certain collar height it is no longer possible to achieve a substantial increase in performance, while heights which are lower than the optimum result in a significant decrease in performance. The collars are produced by punching out the guide plate in a first punching step using a cutting punch and a die having a cutting edge, and then shaping the collar in a second deep-drawing step using a die and another die.

Wärmeaustauscher mit derartigen Leitblechen stellen eine Sonderform von Röhrenkühlern dar. Sie unterscheiden sich von üblichen Röhrenkühlern allerdings dadurch, daß die Wärmeaustauscherrohre allein durch Aufweitung ihres Querschnitts mit den Leitblechen verbunden und daher nicht zusätz­lich mit diesen verlötet, verschweißt oder verklebt sind. Zur Erzielung eines guten Wirkungsgrades ist dabei erforderlich, daß die Rohrwandungen jeweils am gesamten Umfang satt an den Kragen anliegen.Heat exchangers with such baffles represent a special form of tube coolers. However, they differ from conventional tube coolers in that the heat exchanger tubes are connected to the baffles solely by widening their cross section and are therefore not additionally soldered, welded or glued to them. To achieve good efficiency, it is necessary that the tube walls lie snugly against the collar over the entire circumference.

Bei Anwendung von Rohren mit ovalen Querschnitten, bei denen das Verhält­ nis des größten zum kleinsten Durchmesser relativ klein ist und z.B. 2:1 beträgt, ergeben sich keinerlei Probleme. Bei extrem flachovalen Rohren, bei denen das Durchmesserverhältnis größer ist und z.B. 3:1 bis 8:1 beträgt, müssen jedoch Kragenhöhen vorgesehen werden, die aufgrund der übrigen Kragendimensionen während des Tiefziehschritts zu erheblichen, die Reißfestigkeit der Kragen erreichenden und häufig überschreitenden Materialdehnungen von 200 % und mehr führen. Eine Folge davon ist, daß die Kragen entweder mit einer geringeren Höhe hergestellt werden müssen, als dem Optimum entspricht, um Risse in den Kragen mit Sicherheit auszu­schließen. Dies ginge zu Lasten einer reduzierten Leistung, was uner­wünscht ist. Oder es müßte versucht werden, das Einreißen der Kragen durch Verwendung spezieller Materialqualitäten zu vermeiden. Dies würde jedoch einerseits die Materialkosten vergrößern und andererseits zumindest nicht mit Sicherheit ausschließen, daß die Kragen beim anschließenden Aufweiten der Rohre oder sogar erst beim späteren Gebrauch der Wärmeaustauscher aufgrund mechanischer Erschütterungen, dem hydraulischen Druck des Kühlmittels, Wärmedehnung, Abkühlungskontraktion oder dergleichen ein­reißen. Da Risse in den Kragen nicht nur mit einer Leistungsverminderung der Wärmeaustauscher verbunden sind, sondern vor allem auch die für den innigen Kontakt mit den Wärmeaustauscherrohren erforderlichen "Ringzug­kräfte" in den Kragen weitgehend aufheben und den Korrosionsangriff fördern, stellen Leitbleche für extrem flachovale Wärmeaustauscherrohre und damit hergestellte Wärmeaustauscher, sofern sie aus Gründen einer hohen Leistung mit der optimalen Kragenhöhe versehen werden sollen, heute noch ein zu großes Sicherheitsrisiko dar, das ihre Serienproduktion behindert.When using tubes with oval cross sections, where the ratio nis the largest to the smallest diameter is relatively small and is 2: 1, for example, there are no problems. In the case of extremely flat oval tubes, in which the diameter ratio is larger and is, for example, 3: 1 to 8: 1, collar heights must be provided, which due to the remaining collar dimensions during the deep-drawing step are too considerable, the tensile strength of the collars reaching and often exceeding material expansions of 200 % and more lead. One consequence of this is that the collars either have to be made at a lower height than the optimum in order to reliably exclude cracks in the collars. This would be at the expense of reduced performance, which is undesirable. Or an attempt would have to be made to avoid tearing the collars by using special material qualities. On the one hand, this would increase the material costs and, on the other hand, would at least not rule out with certainty that the collars will tear when the pipes are subsequently expanded or even only later when the heat exchangers are used due to mechanical shocks, the hydraulic pressure of the coolant, thermal expansion, cooling contraction or the like. Since cracks in the collar are not only associated with a reduction in the performance of the heat exchanger, but above all also largely cancel out the "ring tensile forces" required for the intimate contact with the heat exchanger tubes and promote corrosion attack, guide plates for extremely flat oval heat exchanger tubes and thus produced Heat exchangers, if they are to be provided with the optimal collar height for reasons of high performance, still present too great a safety risk today, which hinders their series production.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Leitbleche und damit ausge­rüstete Wärmeaustauscher der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung so auszubilden, daß das Einreißen der Kragen weitgehend ausgeschaltet wird, ohne daß dadurch eine wesentliche Leistungsverminderung in Kauf genommen werden muß.The invention has for its object to design baffles and thus equipped heat exchangers of the type mentioned in such a way that the tearing of the collar is largely eliminated without having to accept a significant reduction in performance.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der An­sprüche 1 und 4.The characteristic features of claims 1 and 4 serve to solve this problem.

Die Erfindung bringt den überraschenden Vorteil mit sich, daß sie einen brauchbaren Kompromiß zwischen den mechanischen und thermischen Wirkungen der Kragen ermöglicht, da die vorgeschlagene Reduzierung der Kragenhöhe in den Bereichen der kleinen Radien zwar einerseits die Neigung zur Rißbil­dung nahezu vollkommen ausschließt, andererseits aber nur eine gering­fügige Leistungsverminderung bewirkt.The invention has the surprising advantage that it enables a useful compromise between the mechanical and thermal effects of the collars, since the proposed reduction in the collar height in the areas of the small radii, on the one hand, almost completely excludes the tendency to form cracks, but on the other hand only one minor performance degradation.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit der beiliegenden Zeich­nung an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 die perspektivische Darstellung eines Wärmeaustauschers mit flachovalen Rohren;
  • Fig. 2 die Draufsicht eines Abschnitts eines erfindungsgemäßen Leitblechs für den Wärmeaustauscher nach Fig. 1 in starker Vergrößerung;
  • Fig. 3 und 4 Schnitte längs der Linien III-III und IV-IV der Fig. 2; und
  • Fig. 5 bis 13 in den Fig. 2 bis 4 entsprechenden Ansichten drei weitere Ausführungsformen des Leitblechs.
The invention is explained in more detail below in connection with the accompanying drawing using exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger with flat oval tubes.
  • FIG. 2 shows the plan view of a section of a guide plate according to the invention for the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 in a large magnification;
  • Fig. 3 and 4 sections along the lines III-III and IV-IV of Fig. 2; and
  • 5 to 13 in FIGS. 2 to 4 corresponding views three further embodiments of the guide plate.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte, einreihige Wärmeaustauscher ist nach Art eines Röhrenkühlers ausgebildet. Er enthält eine Anzahl von parallel und mit Abstand angeordneten, plattenförmigen Leitblechen 1, die jeweils eine Reihe von ovalen Öffnungen bzw. Durchzügen 2 aufweisen, welche im gesta­pelten Zustand der Leitbleche 1 koaxial angeordnet sind. Die die Durch­züge 2 begrenzenden Ränder der Leitbleche 1 sind durch dazu koaxiale, hochgestellte Kragen 3 gebildet (Fig. 2 bis 4). Die Durchzüge 2 und Kragen 3 sind von senkrecht zu den Leitblechen 1 angeordneten Rohren 4 durchragt, die einen dem Querschnitt der Durchzüge 2 und Kragen 3 ent­sprechenden ovalen Querschnitt besitzen. Die oberen und unteren Enden der Rohre 4 ragen durch entsprechende Durchbrüche 5 je einer Bodenplatte 6 bzw. 7 und sind längs ihres gesamten Umfangs mit Kragen dieser Durch­brüche 5 flüssigkeits- bzw. gasdicht verbunden. An der unteren Boden­ platte 6 ist ein üblicher Sammelkasten 9 befestigt, der einen Anschluß 10 für die Zu- oder Ableitung des die Rohre 4 durchströmenden Mediums, z .B. Wasser, aufweist. Ein entsprechender, nicht dargestellter Sammelkasten ist mit der oberen Bodenplatte 7 verbunden. Die Leitbleche 1 können im übrigen mit nicht dargestellten Kiemenfeldern oder dergleichen zur Verwirbelung des zweiten Mediums, z.B. Luft, versehen sein. Das Paket 11 aus Leit­blechen 1 und Rohren 4 wird allgemein als Wärmeaustauschernetz bezeichnet.The single-row heat exchanger shown in Fig. 1 is designed in the manner of a tube cooler. It contains a number of plate-shaped baffles 1 arranged in parallel and spaced apart, each of which has a series of oval openings or passages 2, which are arranged coaxially in the stacked state of the baffles 1. The edges of the guide plates 1 delimiting the passages 2 are formed by coaxial, raised collars 3 (FIGS. 2 to 4). The passages 2 and collar 3 are penetrated by tubes 4 arranged perpendicular to the guide plates 1 and having an oval cross section corresponding to the cross section of the passages 2 and collar 3. The upper and lower ends of the tubes 4 protrude through corresponding openings 5 each of a base plate 6 and 7 and are connected along their entire circumference with collars of these openings 5 in a liquid-tight or gas-tight manner. At the bottom floor plate 6 is a conventional collection box 9 attached, which has a connection 10 for the supply or discharge of the medium flowing through the tubes 4, for. Water. A corresponding collecting box, not shown, is connected to the upper base plate 7. The guide plates 1 can also be provided with gill fields or the like (not shown) for swirling the second medium, for example air. The packet 11 of baffles 1 and tubes 4 is generally referred to as a heat exchanger network.

Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigen lediglich einen einen einzigen Durchzug 2 aufweisenden Abschnitt eines Leitblechs 1. Da die übrigen Durchzüge 2 und Leitbleche 1 entsprechend ausgebildet sind, kann auf deren zusätzliche zeichnerische Darstellung verzichtet werden. Der dargestellte Durchzug 2 besitzt einen längsten Durchmesser von ca. 12,2 mm, einen kleinsten Durchmesser von ca. 3,4 mm und somit ein Durchmesserverhältnis von ca. 3,6. Für ein Leit­blech 1 mit derartigen Durchzügen 2 werden Kragenhöhen H (Fig. 4) von 0,6 mm für erforderlich gehalten. Nach herkömmlicher Technik wird minde­stens der Kragen 3 dadurch hergestellt, daß zunächst in einem Vorschnitt eine Öffnung ausgestanzt wird, deren Umrißlinie 12 in Fig. 2 punktiert dargestellt ist. Werden bei dieser Öffnung der kleinste Durchmesser mit d1, der größte Durchmesser mit D1, der kleinste Radius mit r1 und der größte Radius mit R1 und beim fertigen Durchzug 2 die entsprechenden Maße mit d2, D2, r2 und R2 bezeichnet, dann gilt näherungsweise d1 = d2 - 2h, D1 = D2 - 2H, r1 = r2 - h und R1 = R2 - H. Beträgt r2 z.B. 1,1 mm, dann würde sich daraus r1 = 1,1 mm - 0,6 mm = 0,5 mm ergeben mit der Folge, daß beim Ziehen des Kragens 3 eine Materialdehnung von mehr als 200 % vorgenommen werden müßte.FIGS. 2 to 4 only show a section of a guide plate 1 that has a single passage 2. Since the other passages 2 and guide plates 1 are designed accordingly, their additional graphic representation can be dispensed with. The passage 2 shown has a longest diameter of approximately 12.2 mm, a smallest diameter of approximately 3.4 mm and thus a diameter ratio of approximately 3.6. For a guide plate 1 with such passages 2, collar heights H (FIG. 4) of 0.6 mm are considered necessary. According to conventional technology, at least the collar 3 is produced by first punching out an opening in a pre-cut, the outline 12 of which is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2. If the smallest diameter with this opening is designated d1, the largest diameter with D1, the smallest radius with r1 and the largest radius with R1 and with the finished passage 2 the corresponding dimensions with d2, D2, r2 and R2, then approximately d1 = d2 - 2 h , D1 = D2 - 2H, r1 = r2 - h and R1 = R2 - H. If r2 is 1.1 mm, for example, then r1 = 1.1 mm - 0.6 mm = 0.5 mm result with the consequence that when pulling the collar 3 a material expansion of more than 200% would have to be made.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dagegen im Leitblech 1 zunächst eine Öffnung ausge­stanzt, deren Kontur in Fig. 2 mit einer gestrichelten Linie 14 bezeichnet ist, die gleichzeitig die äußere Kontur des verwendeten Schnittstempels darstellt. Im Gegensatz zur Linie 12, deren Abstand vom gedachten fertigen Kragen 3 ringsum konstant ist, ist der Abstand der Linie 14 vom gedachten fertigen Kragen 3 im Bereich des kleinsten Radius, d.h. an einer Stelle 15 am kleinsten und im Bereich des größten Radius, d.h. an einer Stelle 16 am größten. Wird daher beim nachfolgenden Tiefziehvorgang ein Ziehstempel mit einer der Innenkontur des Kragens 3 entsprechenden Außenkontur verwendet, dann ergibt sich daraus automatisch, daß die Höhe des Kragens 3 ent­sprechend Fig. 4 im Bereich des größten Radius und an der Stelle 16 das Maß H erhält, dagegen im Bereich des kleinsten Radius, d.h. an der Stelle 15 ein geringeres Maß h (Fig. 3) aufweisen wird. Zwischen den Stellen 15 und 16 nimmt das Maß h allmählich auf den Wert H zu, wobei in Abhängigkeit vom Einzelfall die Übergangsbereiche mehr oder weniger abrupt verlaufen können. Insbesondere ist es natürlich möglich, das Maß h schneller, als Fig 2 zeigt, auf das Maß H anwachsen zu lassen, damit der Kragen 3 auf einem möglichst großen Abschnitt seines Umfangs die optimale Höhe H aufweisen kann, bei der die Leistung des mit den Leitblechen 1 ausgerüsteten Wärmeaustauschers am größten ist.According to the invention, however, an opening is first punched out in the guide plate 1, the contour of which is designated in FIG. 2 by a dashed line 14, which at the same time represents the outer contour of the cutting punch used. In contrast to line 12, whose distance from the imaginary finished collar 3 is constant all around, the distance of line 14 from the imaginary finished collar 3 is in the region of the smallest radius, ie the smallest at a point 15 and in the region of the largest radius, ie on a position 16 am biggest. Therefore, a drawing punch with one of the inner contour of the collar used 3 corresponding outer contour during the subsequent thermoforming process, then the result is automatically that the height of the collar dimension H receives 3 corresponding to FIG. 4 in the region of the largest radius and the point 16, on the other hand will have a smaller dimension h (FIG. 3) in the region of the smallest radius, ie at point 15. Between points 15 and 16, the dimension h gradually increases to the value H , the transition areas being able to run more or less abruptly, depending on the individual case. In particular, it is of course possible to allow the dimension h to grow to the dimension H faster than FIG. 2, so that the collar 3 can have the optimum height H at a large portion of its circumference, at which the performance of the guide plates 1 equipped heat exchanger is largest.

Eine derartige Variante ist in Fig. 5 bis 7 dargestellt. Ein im übrigen entsprechend Fig. 1 bis 4 ausgebildetes Leitblech 21 weist einen Durch­zug 22 und einen Kragen 23 auf. Mit einer strichpunktierten Linie 24 ist dargestellt, welche Außenkontur der Schnittstempel des Stanzwerkzeugs bzw. die von ihm hergestellte Stanzöffnung im Leitblech 21 aufweist. An den Stellen 15,16 entsprechenden Stellen 25,26 weist der Kragen 23 wiederum eine Höhe mit den Maßen h = 0,3 mm bzw. H = 0,6 mm auf. Im Gegensatz zu Fig. 2 bis 4 steigt die Kragenhöhe allerdings nur längs kurzer Über­gangsbereiche 27 bzw. 28 auf die volle Höhe H.Such a variant is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. A guide plate 21, which is otherwise designed in accordance with FIGS. 1 to 4, has a passage 22 and a collar 23. A dash-dotted line 24 shows which outer contour the cutting punch of the punching tool or the punching opening made by it in the guide plate 21 has. At points 15, 16 corresponding to points 25, 26, the collar 23 again has a height with the dimensions h = 0.3 mm and H = 0.6 mm. In contrast to FIGS. 2 to 4, the collar height only increases to the full height H along short transition regions 27 and 28.

Die durch die Erfindung erzielten Vorteile im Hinblick auf günstigere Dehnungen beim Tiefziehen der Kragen 3 bzw. 23 lassen sich anhand der Umfangsänderung der an der Kragenbildung beteiligten Materialabschnitte erklären. Bei der herkömmlichen Technik beträgt der kleinste Radius r1 nach Durchführung des Vorschnitts (Linie 12, Fig. 2) ca. 0,5 mm und der kleinste Radius r2 nach Bildung des Kragens 3 ca. 1,1 mm. Für einen halben Kreisumfang ergibt sich daraus beim Übergang von r1 auf r2 eine Umfangs­änderung von 1,9 mm entsprechend einer Dehnung von ca. 220 %. Bei redu­zierter Kragenhöhe im Bereich des kleinsten Radius (r1 = 0,8 mm, r2 = 1,1 mm) beträgt die entsprechende Umfangsänderung nur ca. 0,9 mm entsprechend einer Dehnung von ca. 138 %.The advantages achieved by the invention with regard to more favorable expansions when deep-drawing the collars 3 and 23 can be explained on the basis of the change in circumference of the material sections involved in the collar formation. In the conventional technique, the smallest radius r1 after performing the pre-cut (line 12, FIG. 2) is approximately 0.5 mm and the smallest radius r2 after the collar 3 has been formed is approximately 1.1 mm. For half a circumference of the circle, this results in a change in circumference of 1.9 mm corresponding to an elongation of approx. With a reduced collar height in the area of the smallest radius (r1 = 0.8 mm, r2 = 1.1 mm), the corresponding change in circumference is only approx. 0.9 mm, corresponding to an elongation of approx. 138%.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, daß das Maß h so gewählt werden kann, wie es aus herstellungstechnischen Gründen optimal ist, um Risse in den Kragen 3 zu vermeiden, und das Maß H so gewählt werden kann, wie es im Hinblick auf einen optimalen Wärmeaustausch erforderlich ist. Die dazwischenliegenden Übergangsbereiche können dann im Hinblick auf diese beiden erwünschten Eigenschaften optimiert werden.A particular advantage of the invention is that the dimension h can be chosen as it is optimal for manufacturing reasons to avoid cracks in the collar 3, and the dimension H can be chosen as it is with regard to an optimal Heat exchange is required. The intermediate transition areas can then be optimized with regard to these two desired properties.

Ein weiterer Vorteil, der aus den unterschiedlichen Maßen h und H resultiert, besteht darin, daß die äußere Kontur des zum Stanzen benötig­ten Schnittstempels, wie Fig. 2 deutlich macht, im Querschnitt größer als bei Anwendung der herkömmlichen Technik ist. Dies wirkt sich günstig auf die Lebensdauer und die Reproduzierbarkeit des Schnittstempels aus.Another advantage that results from the different dimensions h and H is that the outer contour of the cutting punch required for punching, as shown in FIG. 2, is larger in cross section than when using the conventional technique. This has a favorable effect on the service life and the reproducibility of the cutting punch.

Beim angegebenen Ausführungsbeispiel (d2 = 3,4 mm, D2 = 12,2 mm) haben sich ein Wert h von 0,3 mm und ein Wert H von 0,6 mm bei einer Kragenkontur entsprechend Fig. 2 bis 4 als bisher am besten erwiesen.In the exemplary embodiment specified (d2 = 3.4 mm, D2 = 12.2 mm), a value h of 0.3 mm and a value H of 0.6 mm with a collar contour according to FIGS. 2 to 4 have been best so far proven.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 8 bis 10 ist ein Leitblech 31 mit einem Durchzug 32 und einem Kragen 33 dargestellt, wobei mit einer strichpunk­tierten Linie angedeutet ist, welche Außenkontur der Schnittstempel bzw. welche Innenkontur die von ihm hergestellte Stanzöffnung nach dem Vor­schnitt aufweist. An den den Stellen 15,16 entsprechenden Stellen 35,36 weist der Kragen 33 im Gegensatz zu Fig. 2 bis 7 jeweils eine größte Höhe H von z.B. 0,6 mm auf. Die kleinste Höhe h von z.B. 0,3 mm liegt hier jeweils an einer Stelle 37, d.h. zwar ebenfalls im Bereich der kleinen Radien bzw. des kleinsten Radius, aber nicht an den zugehörigen Stirnflächen der Kragen, sondern etwas in Richtung der großen Radien versetzt. Zwischen diesen Stellen 37 mit der kleinsten Höhe h und den Stellen 35 bzw. 36 sind wiederum Übergangsbereiche 38 bzw. 39 vorgesehen, längs derer die Höhe allmählich bis auf den Endwert zu- bzw. abnimmt. Die Höhe an den Stellen 35,36 kann gleich, aber auch unterschiedlich sein. Dabei werden die Stellen 37 vorzugsweise dort angeordnet, wo die Kragen 33 bei den im Einzelfall vorliegenden Verhältnissen am stärksten zur Riß­bildung neigen.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 10, a guide plate 31 with a passage 32 and a collar 33 is shown, it being indicated with a dash-dotted line which outer contour the cutting punch or which inner contour the punch opening made by it after the pre-cut has. In contrast to FIGS. 2 to 7, the collar 33 has a maximum height H of, for example, 0.6 mm at the points 35, 36 corresponding to the points 15, 16. The smallest height h of, for example, 0.3 mm lies here at a point 37, ie also in the region of the small radii or the smallest radius, but not offset on the associated end faces of the collars, but somewhat in the direction of the large radii. Between these points 37 with the smallest height h and the positions 35 and 36, in turn, transition regions 38 and 39 are provided, along which the height gradually increases or decreases to the final value. The height at points 35, 36 can be the same, but also different. The points 37 are preferably arranged where the collars 33 are most prone to cracking under the circumstances prevailing in the individual case.

Fig. 11 bis 13 zeigen eine den Fig. 8 bis 10 ähnliche Ausführungsform mit einem Leitblech 41, einem Durchzug 42 und einem Kragen 43, wobei die beim Vorschnitt hergestellte Ausstanzung entlang einer Linie 44 verläuft. Im Unterschied zu Fig. 8 bis 10 sind Übergangsbereiche 48,49 zwischen Stellen 47 mit der kleinsten Höhe h und Stellen 45 und 46 mit größter Höhe H abrupter bzw. steiler ausgebildet, ähnlich wie dies für die Übergangszonen 27,28 der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 5 bis 7 im Vergleich zu Fig. 2 bis 4 gilt.11 to 13 show an embodiment similar to FIGS. 8 to 10 with a guide plate 41, a passage 42 and a collar 43, the punched-out made during the pre-cutting running along a line 44. In contrast to FIGS. 8 to 10, transition areas 48, 49 between points 47 with the smallest height h and points 45 and 46 with the greatest height H are formed more abruptly or more steeply, similarly to the transition zones 27, 28 of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 to 7 in comparison to FIGS. 2 to 4 applies.

Wenn davon ausgegangen wird, daß an der Anströmseite eines Wärmeaustausch­rohrs 4 (Fig. 1) die Wärme direkt an die Luft abgeführt wird, auf der Rückseite des Rohrs 3 dagegen dieser Effekt nicht eintritt, kann die Kragenhöhe an der Anströmseite entsprechend Fig. 2 bis 7 und auf der Rückseite entsprechend Fig. 8 bis 13 ausgebildet werden.If it is assumed that the heat is dissipated directly to the air on the upstream side of a heat exchange tube 4 (FIG. 1), but this effect does not occur on the rear side of the tube 3, the collar height on the upstream side can correspond to FIGS. 2 to 7 and are formed on the back according to FIGS. 8 to 13.

Im übrigen ist die Erfindung nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsbei­spiele beschränkt, die in vielfacher Weise abgewandelt werden können. Dies gilt insbesondere für die im Einzelfall zweckmäßigen Maße h und H und die Kontur der Übergangsbereiche zwischen diesen Maßen entsprechend den Linien 14, 24, 34 bzw. 44 in Fig. 2, 5, 8 bzw. 11. Außerdem kann die Erfindung in gleicher Weise auf Leitbleche und Wärmeaustauschernetze angewendet werden, die im Gegensatz zu Fig. 1 mehr als nur eine Reihe von Rohren 4 aufweisen. Dabei ist in allen Fällen auch eine Höhe h = 0 denkbar.Otherwise, the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the dimensions h and H which are expedient in the individual case and the contour of the transition regions between these dimensions in accordance with lines 14, 24, 34 and 44 in FIGS. 2, 5, 8 and 11. In addition, the invention can be used in the same way be applied to baffles and heat exchanger networks which, in contrast to FIG. 1, have more than just one row of tubes 4. A height h = 0 is also conceivable in all cases.

Schließlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf ovale Rohrquerschnitte im streng mathematischen Sinn beschränkt. Unter der Bezeichnung "oval" sind für die Zwecke der Erfindung vielmehr alle solchen Querschnittsformen zu ver­stehen, die allgemein als oval, elliptisch, eiförmig oder dergleichen oder in dem Sinne als "flachoval" bezeichnet werden, daß sie zwei parallele, gerade Seiten aufweisen, deren Enden durch oval, elliptisch, halbkreis­förmig oder dergleichen vorgewölbte Seiten miteinander verbunden sind. Auch bei Rohren mit solchen Querschnittsformen sollen die Rohrabschnitte ein Verhältnis des großen zum kleinen Durchmesser von 2,5:1 bis 8:1 aufweisen.Finally, the invention is not restricted to oval tube cross sections in the strictly mathematical sense. Rather, for the purposes of the invention, the term "oval" is to be understood to mean all such cross-sectional shapes which are generally referred to as oval, elliptical, egg-shaped or the like or in the sense of "flat oval" in that they have two parallel, straight sides, the Ends are connected together by oval, elliptical, semicircular or the like bulging sides. Even with pipes with such cross-sectional shapes, the pipe sections should have a ratio of the large to the small diameter of 2.5: 1 to 8: 1.

Claims (4)

1. Leitblech für einen Wärmeaustauscher mit einer Vielzahl von zur Aufnahme von Wärmeaustauscherrohren (4) bestimmten, aus hochgestellten Kragen (3, 23) mit ovalem Querschnitt bestehenden Durchzügen (2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kragen (3, 23) im Bereich ihrer kleinen Radien eine kleinere Höhe (h) als im Bereich ihrer größeren Radien aufweisen.1. guide plate for a heat exchanger with a plurality of for receiving heat exchanger tubes (4), consisting of raised collars (3, 23) with oval cross-section passages (2), characterized in that the collars (3, 23) in the area of their small radii have a smaller height ( h ) than in the area of their larger radii. 2. Leitblech nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kragen (3, 23) eine von den Bereichen mit ihren kleinsten Radien bis zu den Bereichen mit ihren größten Radien allmählich zunehmende Höhe (h bis H) aufweisen.2. Baffle according to claim 1, characterized in that the collars (3, 23) have a gradually increasing height ( h to H ) from the areas with their smallest radii to the areas with their largest radii. 3. Leitblech nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kragen (33, 43) im Bereich ihrer kleinsten Radien eine größere Höhe als in daran angrenzenden Bereichen haben.3. baffle according to claim 1, characterized in that the collars (33, 43) in the region of their smallest radii have a greater height than in adjacent areas. 4. Wärmeaustauschernetz mit einer Vielzahl von im Abstand angeordneten Leitblechen (1), die aufeinander ausgerichtete, aus hochgestellten Kragen (3, 23) mit ovalem Querschnitt bestehenden Durchzüge (2) aufweisen, und mit einer Vielzahl von in die Durchzüge eingesetzten Wärmeaustauscher­rohren (4), die durch Aufweiten ihres Querschnitts in inniger Berührung mit den Kragen gehalten sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitbleche (1, 21) entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 ausgebildet sind.4. Heat exchanger network with a plurality of spaced-apart baffle plates (1) which have aligned passages (2) consisting of raised collars (3, 23) with an oval cross section, and with a large number of heat exchanger tubes (4) inserted into the passages. which are kept in intimate contact with the collar by widening their cross section, characterized in that the guide plates (1, 21) are designed in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3.
EP90105475A 1989-03-30 1990-03-23 Fin and heat-exchanger Revoked EP0389970B1 (en)

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AT90105475T ATE97733T1 (en) 1989-03-30 1990-03-23 HEAT EXCHANGE NETWORK WITH DEFLECTORS.

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DE3910357A DE3910357A1 (en) 1989-03-30 1989-03-30 GUIDE PLATE FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER AND A HEAT EXCHANGER MADE THEREOF
DE3910357 1989-03-30

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GB471553A (en) * 1936-03-14 1937-09-07 Edwin James Bowman Improvements in radiators for engine cooling systems or similar heat exchange apparatus
GB576864A (en) * 1944-05-16 1946-04-24 Serck Radiators Ltd Improvements relating to finned-tube heat interchange apparatus
FR1445981A (en) * 1965-08-31 1966-07-15 Morris Motors Ltd secondary surface heat exchanger
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FR2465984A1 (en) * 1979-09-26 1981-03-27 Dubrovsky E Tube and plate vehicle radiator heat exchanger - has crests and troughs in plate corrugations opposing each other with straight interposed sectors
DE3423746A1 (en) * 1984-06-28 1986-01-09 Thermal-Werke Wärme-Kälte-Klimatechnik GmbH, 6832 Hockenheim Heat exchanger laminar for tubes with an elliptical or oval cross-section
EP0176729A1 (en) * 1984-08-31 1986-04-09 Dirk Pietzcker Heat exchanger, and process and apparatus for its manufacture

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0633435A1 (en) * 1993-07-06 1995-01-11 MAGNETI MARELLI CLIMATIZZAZIONE S.r.l. Condenser for air-conditioning systems, in particular for motor vehicles
EP0709641A3 (en) * 1994-10-31 1997-06-18 Magneti Marelli Climat Srl Heat exchanger for vehicles and method for the assembly of a heat exchange matrix
WO2011042491A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Collector plate for heat exchanger and corresponding heat exchanger
FR2951259A1 (en) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-15 Valeo Systemes Thermiques COLLECTOR PLATE FOR HEAT EXCHANGER AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGER
WO2012150237A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat exchanger, in particular intercooler
US9599413B2 (en) 2011-05-02 2017-03-21 Mahle International Gmbh Heat exchanger, in particular intercooler
DE102012002234A1 (en) * 2012-02-04 2013-08-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Heat exchanger, particularly radiator for vehicle, has multiple fins oriented perpendicular to tubing, where adjacent fins surround intermediate space by spacers, and sections of web or spacer are formed on base side or on mold side of fin
CN104704314A (en) * 2012-10-22 2015-06-10 马勒国际有限公司 Heat exchanger
US10371464B2 (en) 2015-07-07 2019-08-06 Mahle International Gmbh Tube header for heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3910357A1 (en) 1990-10-04
US5092397A (en) 1992-03-03
EP0389970B1 (en) 1993-11-24
KR900014847A (en) 1990-10-25
DE59003570D1 (en) 1994-01-05
ATE97733T1 (en) 1993-12-15
CA2012947A1 (en) 1990-09-30
EP0389970A3 (en) 1990-12-12
JPH02282698A (en) 1990-11-20

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