EP0389375B1 - System for driving anchors into the ground - Google Patents

System for driving anchors into the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389375B1
EP0389375B1 EP90400793A EP90400793A EP0389375B1 EP 0389375 B1 EP0389375 B1 EP 0389375B1 EP 90400793 A EP90400793 A EP 90400793A EP 90400793 A EP90400793 A EP 90400793A EP 0389375 B1 EP0389375 B1 EP 0389375B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
ground
ramp
firing
recoil
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EP90400793A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0389375A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Castagner
Claude Waitzenegger
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Individual
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Individual
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12Drivers with explosion chambers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S173/00Tool driving or impacting
    • Y10S173/02Sound muffling

Definitions

  • the proposed system and its variants meet these constraints. It allows high-speed anchoring in very soil types varied, in extreme climatic conditions and in difficult geographical situations. It only requires light equipment and very limited logistics.
  • the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic anchor driving system.
  • the anchoring drive by pyrotechnics is already known.
  • the concept of pyro-anchoring consists in driving into the ground a particularly metallic anchor on which a "superstructure” is “fixed”, using the energy delivered by a pyrotechnic composition, for example of the safety propellant type with high gassing.
  • the pressure generated transmits most of this energy to the anchoring element. Mention may be made, by way of illustration of the state of the art in this respect, of the anchoring driving device as known from document EP-0039654.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a system for driving an anchor into a soil by gas pressure, comprising a support intended to be kept fixed relative to said soil, a system for igniting and combustion of a composition.
  • pyrotechnic device arranged in a launching device the anchoring, characterized in that the driving-in system comprises an acoustic protector for gas expansion, that the launching member is integral with said acoustic protector, and that the acoustic protector is slidably mounted on a recoil ramp connected to the support, so as to balance the amount of movement transmitted to the anchor during firing.
  • the support is a carrier vehicle associated with means for moving the reversing ramp and the acoustic protector mounted on said ramp, from a transport position on said vehicle to a working position.
  • Deployment means may include a telescopic arm mounted on the vehicle and relative to which the recoil ramp can tilt from a transport position to a working position under the action of a jack associated with said arm.
  • the hearing protector is preferably a tube open at one of its ends intended to be facing the ground in the working position and which is provided inside towards its other end, with the aforesaid firing, combustion and launching system.
  • Said tube can be extended beyond its end intended to be facing the ground in the working position, by a flexible skirt.
  • Said tube can also comprise two half-shells articulated with respect to a main part so as to allow the opening of the tube for loading of said system.
  • the anchors may in particular comprise a penetration limiter and fins for penetration into the ground.
  • the pyro anchor system preferably consists of a pyro anchor vehicle, a supply truck transporting the anchors, this truck being fitted or not with a handling arm, anchors and gas generators, possibly a manipulator commuting between the pyro anchor vehicle and the supply truck.
  • the pyro anchor vehicle consists of ( Figure 1) a reversing ramp 1 and its hydraulic positioning system 2, a hydraulic anchor locker 3 and the firing system 4, an acoustic protector for gas expansion 5, l 'assembly being mounted on a carrier vehicle 43 adapted to the type of site.
  • the recoil ramp can be replaced by a gutter or a recoil tube; the reversing tube then acts as an acoustic protector for expansion of the gases.
  • the carrier vehicle 43 ( Figure 6) can be an all terrain vehicle equipped with a telescopic arm 32 movable in the vertical plane. This allows anchors to be driven into locations below or elevated from at the position of the carrier vehicle.
  • the invention will preferably be placed vertically, for example at the front or at the rear of the carrier vehicle. In the case of sinking larger anchors, a longer recoil ramp will generally be required. To meet the road gauge, during transport, this ramp will preferably be placed horizontally. The deployment in a vertical position will be done using mobile arms animated by preferably hydraulic cylinders.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show preferred means and mode of deployment of the recoil ramp on the pyro anchor vehicle 43 in principle.
  • the recoil ramp 1 and its anchor system are placed on a cradle 7 and linked to it by an axis of rotation 8.
  • the cradle 7 and recoil ramp 1 assembly is moved horizontally along two rails 6 fixed to the carrier vehicle. using the ramp positioning cylinder 27 such that the axis of rotation 8 is correctly positioned relative to the desired point of insertion of the anchor.
  • the reversing ramp 1 is straightened by deployment of the straightening cylinder 28 which is fixed on the cradle 7.
  • the two pads 29 allow the grounding of the reversing ramp. They are deployed by two jacks 30.
  • a launching tube of the anchor in two parts: anchor head 12 and a locker anchoring 3.
  • the anchoring head 12 provides the anchoring guide and the resistance to pressure.
  • the anchor locker 3 ensures rapid and precise gripping of the equipped anchor 9, its blocking, the precision of the launch axis and the adjustment of the height of the ground clearance before firing of the equipped anchor.
  • the anchor locker 3 in which the equipped anchor is housed consists of two jaws 9.
  • the anchor locker 3 is moved along the recoil ramp 1 by a hydraulic cylinder 21.
  • the anchor 10 is equipped with a reusable piston 11 and a reusable anchor head 12.
  • the combustion chamber 13 thus formed contains the gas generator 14 which, for security reasons, is preferably placed in this chamber at the time of loading the anchor fitted in the pyro-anchor.
  • the chamber 13 is closed by a quick-lock latch 15.
  • the gas generator 14 comprises a sealed housing 16 preferably made of composite or thermoplastic materials with or without shutter vents.
  • the structure of the gas generator can also be metallic, cardboard, composite material or manufactured using a combination of these materials.
  • the plastic materials were chosen so that in the event of a fire, the structural material is weakened at a temperature below the auto-ignition temperature of the pyrotechnic products.
  • the structure remains intact during operation of the gas generator, but it can also either burn or burst during operation.
  • the preferred solution limits combustion and operating residues and allows the use of powders with high combustion pressure without generating these high pressures in the thrust chamber. These high pressures create too strong accelerations on the anchors and dimensional constraints on the walls of the thrust chamber.
  • the neck of the combustion chamber is preferably linked to the structure of the gas generator, but it can also be linked to the structure of the housing of the gas generator in the form of an interchangeable element after a large series of launches.
  • the neck of the chamber is made up of one or more openings. These are cylindrical or convergent in order to limit the speed of gases detrimental to the performance of the gas generating system; but without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible to use an orifice comprising in its thickness a divergent part. In particular, to allow the conditioning of all forms of propellant elements before and during combustion, a generator with multiple small orifices will be used.
  • the obturation of these multiple orifices is preferably carried out by an under-thickness of the material in line with these orifices.
  • This box contains the propellant 17 "all weather" for reasons of safety and regularity of performances between - 40 ° C and + 70 ° C.
  • other types of pyrotechnic compositions can be used.
  • FIG. 4 it has been chosen to limit the acoustic and gaseous effects of the expansion of the gases from the gas generator by using an acoustic protector 5 in which the gases are over-expanded.
  • an acoustic protector with opening, for example in half-shells 22 whose masses are balanced on each side of the anchor system. These two half-shells 22 are closed using jacks 23 after the loading of the fitted anchor 9 in the anchor locker 3. It is also possible to use an acoustic protector made of flexible materials which is raised during loading; an acoustic protector nesting in rigid elements which during loading, a rigid acoustic protector in a single element which is released by elevation along the recoil ramp and this independently of the anchor locker.
  • the hearing protector is equipped at its base with a flexible skirt 24 which ensures a certain seal at ground level despite the irregularities in the ground.
  • the anchors must be made in soils of very varied types such as sand, swamp, clay, limestone ... These anchors, preferably metallic, will be of various shapes and sizes depending on the nature of the soil and the forces applied to the anchorage pressed, see Figures 9 to 14.
  • These anchors 9 may include lateral fins 41 which improve the resistance in the ground in particular to tilting forces.
  • section profiles of the various anchors will be adapted to the nature of the terrain; they can be cylindrical, polygonal, "T”, cross, "H”, ...
  • Elements for quick fixing of structures on these anchors may be integrated or fitted; For example interlocking tube or cone, fixing lug, pre-welded bolts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à un système d'enfoncement d'ancrage dans un sol. En cette fin de 20ème siècle, on constate une grande évolution dans les conditions d'exécution des chantiers de travaux publics mettant en oeuvre des opérations d'ancrage et de pose de poteaux.The present invention relates to a system for driving anchors into a ground. At the end of the 20th century, there is a great evolution in the conditions of execution of public works sites implementing anchoring operations and post installation.

Les évolutions techniques se font en particulier dans les directions suivantes : zones climatiques difficiles (haute température ou grand froid) ; zones géologiques particulières (sables, marécages, terrains gelés) ; zones de reliefs escarpés ou difficiles d'accès.Technical developments are taking place in particular in the following directions: difficult climatic zones (high temperature or very cold); specific geological areas (sands, swamps, frozen ground); areas of steep reliefs or difficult to access.

Par ailleurs, les coûts de la main d'oeuvre, des équipements et des matériels utilisés deviennent prépondérant dans l'obtention et la bonne fin des marchés d'infrastructures. Les systèmes utilisés jusqu'à présent tels que le forage de fondation ou battage de pieux sont dans de nombreux cas difficiles et lourds à mettre en oeuvre et en tout cas chers en main d'oeuvre et en durée des opérations.In addition, the costs of labor, equipment and materials used become preponderant in obtaining and successfully completing infrastructure contracts. The systems used until now such as foundation drilling or pile driving are in many cases difficult and heavy to implement and in any case expensive in terms of labor and duration of operations.

Par contre, le système proposé et ses variantes répondent à ces contraintes. Il permet de réaliser des ancrages à cadence élevée dans des natures de sol très variées, dans les conditions climatiques extrêmes et dans des situations géographiques difficiles. Il ne nécessite que des équipements légers et une logistique très réduite.On the other hand, the proposed system and its variants meet these constraints. It allows high-speed anchoring in very soil types varied, in extreme climatic conditions and in difficult geographical situations. It only requires light equipment and very limited logistics.

La présente invention porte sur un système d'enfoncement d'ancrage par pyrotechnie. L'enfoncement d'ancrage par pyrotechnie est déjà connu. Le concept du pyro-ancrage consiste à enfoncer dans le sol un ancrage en particulier métallique sur lequel on "fixe" une superstructure, en utilisant l'énergie délivrée par une composition pyrotechnique, par exemple de type propergol de sécurité à fort dégagement gazeux. La pression générée transmet l'essentiel de cette énergie à l'élément d'ancrage. On peut citer à titre illustratif de l'état de la technique à cet égard le dispositif d'enfoncement d'ancrage tel que connu du document EP-0039654.The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic anchor driving system. The anchoring drive by pyrotechnics is already known. The concept of pyro-anchoring consists in driving into the ground a particularly metallic anchor on which a "superstructure" is "fixed", using the energy delivered by a pyrotechnic composition, for example of the safety propellant type with high gassing. The pressure generated transmits most of this energy to the anchoring element. Mention may be made, by way of illustration of the state of the art in this respect, of the anchoring driving device as known from document EP-0039654.

L'originalité de la conception du système d'enfoncement du pyro-ancreur, objet du présent brevet, ressortira de sa description, de la justification des techniques utilisées et de son diagramme de fonctionnement. Une des particularités importantes du système proposé par l'invention est d'utiliser, comme masse de recul pour assurer l'équilibrage des quantités de mouvement, un protecteur acoustique de détente de gaz absorbant, notamment par gravité, l'énergie de recul.The originality of the design of the pyro-anchor driving system, object of this patent, will emerge from its description, the justification of the techniques used and its operating diagram. One of the important features of the system proposed by the invention is to use, as a recoil mass to ensure the balancing of the amounts of movement, an acoustic protector for expansion of absorbent gas, in particular by gravity, the recoil energy.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un système d'enfoncement d'un ancrage dans un sol par pression de gaz, comportant un support destiné à être maintenu fixe par rapport audit sol, un système de mise à feu et de combustion d'une composition pyrotechnique disposée dans un organe de lancement de l'ancrage, caractérisé en ce que le système d'enfoncement comporte un protecteur acoustique de détente de gaz, que l'organe de lancement est solidaire dudit protecteur acoustique, et que le protecteur acoustique est monté à coulissement sur une rampe de recul reliée au support, de façon à réaliser un équilibrage de la quantité de mouvement transmise à l'ancrage lors de la mise à feu.The present invention therefore relates to a system for driving an anchor into a soil by gas pressure, comprising a support intended to be kept fixed relative to said soil, a system for igniting and combustion of a composition. pyrotechnic device arranged in a launching device the anchoring, characterized in that the driving-in system comprises an acoustic protector for gas expansion, that the launching member is integral with said acoustic protector, and that the acoustic protector is slidably mounted on a recoil ramp connected to the support, so as to balance the amount of movement transmitted to the anchor during firing.

Avantageusement, le support est un véhicule porteur associé à des moyens de déplacement de la rampe de recul et du protecteur acoustique monté sur ladite rampe, d'une position de transport sur ledit véhicule à une position de travail. Les moyens de déploiement peuvent comporter un bras télescopique monté sur le véhicule et par rapport auquel la rampe de recul peut basculer d'une position de transport à une position de travail sous l'action d'un vérin associé audit bras.Advantageously, the support is a carrier vehicle associated with means for moving the reversing ramp and the acoustic protector mounted on said ramp, from a transport position on said vehicle to a working position. Deployment means may include a telescopic arm mounted on the vehicle and relative to which the recoil ramp can tilt from a transport position to a working position under the action of a jack associated with said arm.

Le protecteur accoustique est préférentiellement un tube ouvert à une de ses extrémités destinée à être en regard du sol en position de travail et qui est muni en son intérieur vers son autre extrémité, du susdit système de mise à feu, de combustion et de lancement. Ledit tube peut être prolongé au-delà de son extrémité destinée à être en regard du sol en position de travail, par une jupe souple. Ledit tube peut aussi comprendre deux demi-coquilles articulées par rapport à une partie principale de façon à permettre l'ouverture du tube en vue du chargement dudit système.The hearing protector is preferably a tube open at one of its ends intended to be facing the ground in the working position and which is provided inside towards its other end, with the aforesaid firing, combustion and launching system. Said tube can be extended beyond its end intended to be facing the ground in the working position, by a flexible skirt. Said tube can also comprise two half-shells articulated with respect to a main part so as to allow the opening of the tube for loading of said system.

Avantageusement encore, le système de mise à feu, de combustion et de lancement, comporte un piston destiné à rester solidaire de l'ancrage en cours d'enfoncement, une tête d'ancrage définissant avec ledit piston une chambre de combustion, un boîtier générateur de gaz disposé dans ladite chambre de combustion et contenant ladite composition pyrotechnique, un verrouilleur d'ancrage solidaire du protecteur acoustique. Le verrouilleur d'ancrage peut comprendre deux machoîres mobiles destinées à assurer le blocage de la tête d'ancrage. Le boîtier générateur de gaz peut être en un matériau thermoplastique ou composite et sa structure peut être fragilisée pour s'ouvrir à basse pression hors de son logement d'utilisation. La composition pyrotechnique peut être un propergol utilisable entre - 40°C et + 70°C.Advantageously also, the firing, combustion and launching system comprises a piston intended to remain integral with the anchorage during insertion, an anchoring head defining with said piston a combustion chamber, a generator housing gas disposed in said combustion chamber and containing said pyrotechnic composition, an anchoring locker secured to the acoustic protector. The anchor locker can comprise two movable jaws intended to ensure the blocking of the anchor head. The gas generator housing can be made of a thermoplastic or composite material and its structure can be weakened to open at low pressure outside its housing for use. The pyrotechnic composition can be a propellant usable between - 40 ° C and + 70 ° C.

Les ancrages peuvent comporter en particulier un limiteur de pénétration et des ailettes de pénétration dans le sol.The anchors may in particular comprise a penetration limiter and fins for penetration into the ground.

La description qui va suivre est purement illustrative et non limitative. Elle doit être lue en regard des dessins annexés. Sur ces dessins :

  • La Figure 1 est une vue de côté d'un système d'enfoncement d'ancrage conforme à l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2 est une vue de côté d'un détail du système de la Figure 1 ;
  • La Figure 3 est une vue en coupe du système de mise à feu, de combustion et de lancement du système d'enfoncement de la Figure 1 ;
  • La Figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un détail du système de la Figure 1 ;
  • Les Figures 5 et 6 sont des coupes du boîtier générateur de gaz du système de la Figure 1 ;
  • Les Figures 7 à 8 sont des représentations d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention.
  • Les Figures 9 à 13 sont des représentations d'ancrage du système conforme à l'invention.
The description which follows is purely illustrative and not limiting. It should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In these drawings:
  • Figure 1 is a side view of an anchor driving system according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a detail of the system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the firing, combustion and launch system of the driving system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a detail of the system of Figure 1;
  • Figures 5 and 6 are sections of the gas generator housing of the system of Figure 1;
  • Figures 7 to 8 are representations of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 9 to 13 are anchor representations of the system according to the invention.

Le système pyro ancreur est constitué préférentiellement d'un véhicule pyro ancreur, d'un camion ravitailleur transportant les ancrages, ce camion étant équipé ou non d'un bras de manutention, des ancrages et des générateurs de gaz, éventuellement d'un engin manipulateur faisant la navette entre le véhicule pyro ancreur et le camion ravitailleur.The pyro anchor system preferably consists of a pyro anchor vehicle, a supply truck transporting the anchors, this truck being fitted or not with a handling arm, anchors and gas generators, possibly a manipulator commuting between the pyro anchor vehicle and the supply truck.

Le véhicule pyro ancreur est constitué par (Figure 1) une rampe de recul 1 et son système hydraulique de positionnement 2, un verrouilleur d'ancrage hydraulique 3 et le système de mise à feu 4, un protecteur acoustique de détente des gaz 5, l'ensemble étant monté sur un véhicule porteur 43 adapté au type de chantier. Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, la rampe de recul peut être remplacée par une gouttière ou un tube de recul ; le tube de recul fait alors office de protecteur acoustique de détente des gaz. Le véhicule porteur 43 (Figure 6) peut être un engin tout terrain équipé d'un bras télescopique 32 déplaçable dans le plan vertical. Ceci permet d'enfoncer des ancrages dans des emplacements situés en contrebas ou en élévation par rapport à la position du véhicule porteur.The pyro anchor vehicle consists of (Figure 1) a reversing ramp 1 and its hydraulic positioning system 2, a hydraulic anchor locker 3 and the firing system 4, an acoustic protector for gas expansion 5, l 'assembly being mounted on a carrier vehicle 43 adapted to the type of site. Without departing from the scope of the invention, the recoil ramp can be replaced by a gutter or a recoil tube; the reversing tube then acts as an acoustic protector for expansion of the gases. The carrier vehicle 43 (Figure 6) can be an all terrain vehicle equipped with a telescopic arm 32 movable in the vertical plane. This allows anchors to be driven into locations below or elevated from at the position of the carrier vehicle.

Dans le cas d'enfoncement de petits ancrages, ne nécessitant pas de longeur de rampe de recul importante, on placera, selon l'invention, celle-ci préférentiellement verticalement par exemple à l'avant ou à l'arrière du véhicule porteur. Dans le cas d'enfoncement d'ancrages plus importants, on devra généralement faire appel à une rampe de recul plus longue. Pour satisfaire aux gabarits routiers, lors des transports, on placera, cette rampe préférentiellement horizontalement. Le déploiement en position verticale se fera à l'aide de bras mobiles animés par des vérins préférentiellement hydrauliques.In the case of driving in small anchorages, not requiring a long recoil ramp length, the invention will preferably be placed vertically, for example at the front or at the rear of the carrier vehicle. In the case of sinking larger anchors, a longer recoil ramp will generally be required. To meet the road gauge, during transport, this ramp will preferably be placed horizontally. The deployment in a vertical position will be done using mobile arms animated by preferably hydraulic cylinders.

Les Figures 1 et 2 présentent des moyens et un mode préférentiels de déploiement de la rampe de recul sur le véhicule pyro ancreur 43 de principe. La rampe de recul 1 et son système ancreur sont posés sur un berceau 7 et liés à lui par un axe de rotation 8. L'ensemble berceau 7 et rampe de recul 1 est déplacé horizontalement le long de deux rails 6 fixés au véhicule porteur à l'aide de vérin de positionnement de la rampe 27 tel que l'axe de rotation 8 soit correctement positionné par rapport au point souhaité d'enfoncement de l'ancrage. La rampe de recul 1 est redressée par déploiement du vérin de redressement 28 qui est fixé sur le berceau 7. Les deux patins 29 permettent l'appui au sol de la rampe de recul. Ils sont déployés par deux vérins 30. L'articulation 31 de chaque patin 29 avec son bras de vérin 30 est selon l'invention de type de rotule à mouvement limité pour permettre une bonne adaptation aux irrégularités du sol sans gêner le passage de l'ancrage lors de son enfoncement. Le réglage de la directivité de l'enfoncement, donc de la rampe de recul, est assuré en devers d'une part par les patins hydrauliques équipant le véhicule porteur puis les patins 29 de la rampe de recul et de leurs vérins 30 ; en site elle est assurée par le vérin de redressement 28.Figures 1 and 2 show preferred means and mode of deployment of the recoil ramp on the pyro anchor vehicle 43 in principle. The recoil ramp 1 and its anchor system are placed on a cradle 7 and linked to it by an axis of rotation 8. The cradle 7 and recoil ramp 1 assembly is moved horizontally along two rails 6 fixed to the carrier vehicle. using the ramp positioning cylinder 27 such that the axis of rotation 8 is correctly positioned relative to the desired point of insertion of the anchor. The reversing ramp 1 is straightened by deployment of the straightening cylinder 28 which is fixed on the cradle 7. The two pads 29 allow the grounding of the reversing ramp. They are deployed by two jacks 30. The articulation 31 of each pad 29 with its jack arm 30 is according to the invention of the type of ball joint with limited movement to allow good adaptation to irregularities in the ground without hindering the passage of the anchoring when pushed in. The setting of the directivity of the depression, therefore of the reversing ramp, is ensured on the one hand by the hydraulic pads fitted to the carrier vehicle then the pads 29 of the reversing ramp and their jacks 30; on site it is ensured by the righting cylinder 28.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, on pourra utiliser d'autres moyens et modes de déploiement tel que bras articulés montés sur vérin ou bras de grue.Without departing from the scope of the invention, other means and modes of deployment may be used such as articulated arms mounted on a jack or crane arm.

Dans le cas préférentiel d'un véhicule porteur tout terrain équipé d'un bras télescopique déplaçable dans un plan vertical, les Figures 7, 8 présentent un moyen et des modes préférentiels de déploiement de la rampe de recul. La rampe de recul 33 et son système ancreur sont liés au bras télescopique 32 par une "tête de télescope" 34 équipée d'un vérin 35 qui permet de faire basculer la rampe de recul 33 de la position horizontale de transport sur route à la position verticale d'emploi. Un vérin 36 situé entre le châssis du véhicule porteur et le bras télescopique 32 permet de déplacer celui-ci dans un plan vertical. Les deux patins 37 et leurs vérins de déploiement 38 permettent d'améliorer la stabilité au sol du véhicule porteur et de compenser son devers dus aux inégalités de terrain.In the preferred case of an all-terrain carrier vehicle equipped with a telescopic arm movable in a vertical plane, FIGS. 7, 8 show a means and preferred modes of deployment of the recoil ramp. The reversing ramp 33 and its anchoring system are linked to the telescopic arm 32 by a "telescope head" 34 fitted with a jack 35 which makes it possible to tilt the reversing ramp 33 from the horizontal road transport position to the position vertical employment. A jack 36 located between the chassis of the carrier vehicle and the telescopic arm 32 makes it possible to move the latter in a vertical plane. The two pads 37 and their deployment cylinders 38 make it possible to improve the stability on the ground of the carrier vehicle and to compensate for its slope due to uneven terrain.

Comme le présente la Figure 3, pour faciliter les opérations de chargement d'ancrage équipé 9 dans le système de lancement, on a choisi, un tube de lancement de l'ancrage en deux parties : tête d'ancrage 12 et un verrouilleur d'ancrage 3. La tête d'ancrage 12 assure le guide de l'ancrage et la tenue à la pression. Le verrouilleur d'ancrage 3 assure la préhension rapide et précise de l'ancrage équipé 9, son blocage, la précision de l'axe de lancement et le réglage de la hauteur de la garde au sol avant tir de l'ancrage équipé. On pourra faciliter l'introduction de la tête d'ancrage 12 dans le verrouilleur d'ancrage 3 en plaçant sous le verrouilleur d'ancrage un guide de positionnement et sur la tête d'ancrage 12 un rebord qui viendra glisser sur le guide de positionnement au moment de l'introduction de l'ancrage. Le verrouilleur d'ancrage 3 dans lequel se loge l'ancrage équipé est constitué de deux machoîres 9. Celles-ci sont aisément interchangeables pour accepter des têtes d'ancrage de diamètres variables selon les ancrages à effectuer avec le même véhicule pyro ancreur. Elles sont actionnées par des vérins hydrauliques 20. On pourra ainsi utiliser un seul vérin agissant sur les deux machoîres. Le verrouilleur d'ancrage 3 est déplacé le long de la rampe de recul 1 par un vérin hydraulique 21. L'ancrage 10 est équipé d'un piston réutilisable 11 et d'une tête d'ancrage réutilisable 12. La chambre de combustion 13 ainsi formée contient le générateur de gaz 14 qui pour des raisons de sécurité est placé dans cette chambre préférentiellement au moment du chargement de l'ancrage équipé dans le pyro ancreur. La fermeture de la chambre 13 est assurée par un verrou 15 à fermeture rapide.As shown in Figure 3, to facilitate the loading operations of anchor equipped 9 in the launching system, we chose, a launching tube of the anchor in two parts: anchor head 12 and a locker anchoring 3. The anchoring head 12 provides the anchoring guide and the resistance to pressure. The anchor locker 3 ensures rapid and precise gripping of the equipped anchor 9, its blocking, the precision of the launch axis and the adjustment of the height of the ground clearance before firing of the equipped anchor. We can facilitate the introduction of the anchor head 12 into the anchor locker 3 by placing a positioning guide under the anchor locker and on the anchor head 12 a flange which will slide on the positioning guide when the anchor is introduced. The anchor locker 3 in which the equipped anchor is housed consists of two jaws 9. These are easily interchangeable to accept anchor heads of variable diameters according to the anchorages to be carried out with the same pyro anchor vehicle. They are actuated by hydraulic cylinders 20. It will thus be possible to use a single cylinder acting on the two jaws. The anchor locker 3 is moved along the recoil ramp 1 by a hydraulic cylinder 21. The anchor 10 is equipped with a reusable piston 11 and a reusable anchor head 12. The combustion chamber 13 thus formed contains the gas generator 14 which, for security reasons, is preferably placed in this chamber at the time of loading the anchor fitted in the pyro-anchor. The chamber 13 is closed by a quick-lock latch 15.

L'étanchéité de la chambre 13 et la précision du guidage initial de l'ancrage 9 équipé de son piston 11 sont assurées par la précision de l'usinage de la tête d'ancrage 12 et du piston 11 qui sont réutilisables. Pour des raisons économiques, le "diamètre" extérieur de l'ancrage consommable est brut de fabrication. La longueur de guidage du piston 11 assure le non coincement de l'ancrage équipé au cours du mouvement, ce que n'assurerait pas une simple plaque d'appui avec ou sans joint. Le piston 11 est intérieur à la tête d'ancrage pour faciliter le préhension automatique et précise de celle-ci dans le verrouilleur d'ancrage. L'ensemble ancrage, piston et tête d'ancrage est assemblé par simple goupillage.The tightness of the chamber 13 and the precision of the initial guidance of the anchor 9 equipped with its piston 11 are ensured by the precision of the machining of the anchor head 12 and of the piston 11 which are reusable. For economic reasons, the outside "diameter" of the consumable anchor is raw. The guide length of the piston 11 ensures that the fitted anchor is not jammed during movement, which a simple bearing plate with or without a joint would not provide. The piston 11 is inside the anchor head to facilitate automatic and precise gripping of the latter in the anchor locker. The anchor, piston and anchor head assembly is assembled by simple pinning.

Comme le présente les Figures 5 et 6, le générateur de gaz 14 comprend un boîtier 16 étanche préférentiellement en matériaux composites ou thermoplastiques comportant ou non des évents obturateurs. La structure du générateur de gaz peut être aussi métallique, en carton, en matériau composite ou fabriqué à l'aide d'une combinaison de ces matériaux. Les matériaux plastiques ont été choisis afin qu'en cas d'incendie, le matériau de structure soit fragilisé à une température inférieure à la température d'auto-inflammation des produits pyrotechniques. La structure reste intacte lors du fonctionnement du générateur de gaz, mais elle peut aussi soit brûler, soit éclater lors du fonctionnement. La solution préférentielle limite les résidus de combustion et de fonctionnement et permet d'utiliser des poudres à haute pression de combustion sans générer ces hautes pressions dans la chambre de poussée. Ces hautes pressions créent de trop fortes accélérations sur les ancrages et des contraintes dimensionnelles sur les parois de la chambre de poussée. Afin d'assurer la tenue mécanique de la structure pendant le fonctionnement, on choisira de mettre en appui une partie d'entre elle sur les parois du logement du générateur. En effet, on a choisi pour des raisons de sécurité au transport et en stockage, de permettre une ouverture basse pression du générateur de gaz en cas de mise à feu inopinée de celui-ci.As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the gas generator 14 comprises a sealed housing 16 preferably made of composite or thermoplastic materials with or without shutter vents. The structure of the gas generator can also be metallic, cardboard, composite material or manufactured using a combination of these materials. The plastic materials were chosen so that in the event of a fire, the structural material is weakened at a temperature below the auto-ignition temperature of the pyrotechnic products. The structure remains intact during operation of the gas generator, but it can also either burn or burst during operation. The preferred solution limits combustion and operating residues and allows the use of powders with high combustion pressure without generating these high pressures in the thrust chamber. These high pressures create too strong accelerations on the anchors and dimensional constraints on the walls of the thrust chamber. To ensure the mechanical strength of the structure during operation, we will choose to support part of it on the walls of the generator housing. In fact, for safety reasons in transport and storage, we have chosen to allow a low pressure opening of the gas generator in the event of it being ignited unexpectedly.

Le col de la chambre de combustion est préférentiellement lié à la structure du générateur de gaz, mais il peut aussi être lié à la structure du logement du générateur de gaz sous forme d'un élément interchangeable après une grande série de lancements. Le col de la chambre est constitué indifféremment de un ou plusieurs orifices. Ceux-ci sont cylindriques ou convergents afin de limiter la vitesse des gaz préjudiciables au rendement du système générateur de gaz ; mais sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, on peut utiliser un orifice comportant dans son épaisseur une partie divergente. En particulier, pour permettre le conditionnement de toutes les formes d'éléments de propergol avant et pendant la combustion, on utilisera un générateur à multiples petits orifices. L'obturation de ces multiples orifices est effectuée préférentiellement par une sous-épaisseur de la matière au droit de ces orifices. Sans sortir de l'invention, on peut utiliser d'autres systèmes tels que, double paroi intérieure fine, adhésif aluminisé... Ce boîtier contient le propergol 17 "tout temps" pour des raisons de sécurité et de régularité de performances entre - 40°C et + 70°C. Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, on pourra utiliser d'autres types de compositions pyrotechniques.The neck of the combustion chamber is preferably linked to the structure of the gas generator, but it can also be linked to the structure of the housing of the gas generator in the form of an interchangeable element after a large series of launches. The neck of the chamber is made up of one or more openings. These are cylindrical or convergent in order to limit the speed of gases detrimental to the performance of the gas generating system; but without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible to use an orifice comprising in its thickness a divergent part. In particular, to allow the conditioning of all forms of propellant elements before and during combustion, a generator with multiple small orifices will be used. The obturation of these multiple orifices is preferably carried out by an under-thickness of the material in line with these orifices. Without departing from the invention, it is possible to use other systems such as, thin internal double wall, aluminized adhesive, etc. This box contains the propellant 17 "all weather" for reasons of safety and regularity of performances between - 40 ° C and + 70 ° C. Without departing from the scope of the invention, other types of pyrotechnic compositions can be used.

L'allumage est assuré par un composant pyrotechnique 18 initié par un rayonnement laser ou par un composant pyrotechnique initié par percussion. On pourra utiliser aussi des inflammateurs électriques insensibles aux rayonnements électriques ou électromagnétiques et aux charges électrostatiques. L'utilisation d'un composant pyrotechnique initié par rayonnement type laser permet de s'affranchir des problèmes d'étanchéité et de précision de positionnement entre la gargousse et le système d'initiation. De plus, on accroît la sécurité aux chocs et aux environnements divers. Le système d'initiation comprend une interruption de chaîne d'initiation dit aussi dispositif de sécurité d'initiation. Ce système intégrera, en interdiction de fonctionnement, les différentes données de sécurité telles que la verticalité fournie par des capteurs de verticalité, la fermeture de verrouilleur d'ancrage et la fermeture de protecteur acoustique.The ignition is provided by a pyrotechnic component 18 initiated by laser radiation or by a pyrotechnic component initiated by percussion. Electric igniters that are insensitive to electric or electromagnetic radiation and to electrostatic charges may also be used. The use of a pyrotechnic component initiated by laser type radiation makes it possible to overcome the problems of sealing and positioning accuracy between the gargousse and the initiation system. In addition, it increases safety against shocks and various environments. The initiation system includes an initiation chain interrupt, also known as an initiation safety device. This system will integrate, in operating prohibition, the various safety data such as the verticality provided by verticality sensors, the closing of the anchor locker and the closing of the hearing protector.

Comme le présente la Figure 4, on a choisi de limiter les effets acoustiques et gazeux de la détente des gaz du générateur de gaz en utilisant un protecteur acoustique 5 dans lequel on surdétend les gaz.As shown in FIG. 4, it has been chosen to limit the acoustic and gaseous effects of the expansion of the gases from the gas generator by using an acoustic protector 5 in which the gases are over-expanded.

Pour faciliter les manipulations de chargements des ancrages équipés 9, vérifier visuellement la conformité de ce chargement, et limiter la hauteur de la rampe de recul, on a choisi un protecteur acoustique à ouverture, par exemple en demi-coquilles 22 dont les masses sont équilibrées de chaque côté du système ancreur. Ces deux demi-coquilles 22 sont refermées à l'aide de vérins 23 après le chargement de l'ancrage équipé 9 dans le verrouilleur d'ancrage 3. On peut aussi utiliser un protecteur acoustique en matériaux souples qui se relève lors du chargement ; un protecteur acoustique gigogne en éléments rigides qui s'emboîtent lors du chargement, un protecteur acoustique rigide en un seul élément qui se dégage par élévation le long de la rampe de recul et ce indépendamment du verrouilleur d'ancrage. Le protecteur acoustique est équipé à sa base d'une jupe souple 24 qui assure une certaine étanchéité au niveau du sol en dépit des irrégularités de terrain.To facilitate handling of loads on the fitted anchors 9, visually check the compliance of this load, and limit the height of the recoil ramp, we chose an acoustic protector with opening, for example in half-shells 22 whose masses are balanced on each side of the anchor system. These two half-shells 22 are closed using jacks 23 after the loading of the fitted anchor 9 in the anchor locker 3. It is also possible to use an acoustic protector made of flexible materials which is raised during loading; an acoustic protector nesting in rigid elements which during loading, a rigid acoustic protector in a single element which is released by elevation along the recoil ramp and this independently of the anchor locker. The hearing protector is equipped at its base with a flexible skirt 24 which ensures a certain seal at ground level despite the irregularities in the ground.

L'équilibrage de la quantité de mouvement transmise à l'ancrage et à son piston est assuré par la remontée, le long de la rampe de recul, du verrouilleur d'ancrage, de la tête d'ancrage et du protecteur acoustique, ensemble que l'on appellera masse de recul.Balancing of the momentum transmitted to the anchor and its piston is ensured by the ascent, along the recoil ramp, of the anchor locker, the anchor head and the acoustic protector, together with we will call recoil mass.

Soient e l'énergie transmise à l'ancrage et à son piston, m la masse de l'ancrage et de son piston, M la masse de recul, h la hauteur de recul, et g la gravité.Let e be the energy transmitted to the anchor and its piston, m the mass of the anchor and its piston, M the recoil mass, h the recoil height, and g the gravity.

La loi d'égalité des quantités de mouvement et les relations entre les énergies cinétiques et potentielles nous permettent d'écrire : h = e m g M²

Figure imgb0001
The law of equality of momentum and the relationships between kinetic and potential energies allow us to write: h = em g M²
Figure imgb0001

Lorsque la masse de recul a atteint une hauteur h correspondant à sa vitesse nulle, elle est bloquée dès l'amorce de sa redescente par un système à crémaillère 25 et à cliquet 26 (voir Figure 1). Ce procédé simple et fiable limite les efforts de liaisons entre la masse de recul et la rampe de recul.When the recoil mass has reached a height h corresponding to its zero speed, it is blocked from the start of its descent by a rack 25 and ratchet 26 system (see Figure 1). This simple and reliable process limits the connection efforts between the recoil mass and the recoil ramp.

L'asservissement de la descente de la masse de recul est, selon l'invention, assuré par le vérin de la rampe 21 qui dégage le cliquet 26 de la crémaillère 25.According to the invention, the control of the descent of the recoil mass is ensured by the jack of the ramp 21 which releases the pawl 26 from the rack 25.

Cependant, on pourra bloquer ou amortir la redescente de la masse de recul à l'aide d'un autre procédé tel qu'amortisseur pneumatique ou hydraulique.However, it will be possible to block or dampen the descent of the recoil mass using another method such as a pneumatic or hydraulic damper.

Le diagramme opérationnel et de fonctionnement est décrit ci-après.
Mise en position opérationnelle : acheminement des véhicules sur les lieux d'ancrages (le véhicule pyro ancreur est capable de procéder à un ancrage à environ 4 à 5 mètres du véhicule selon ses équipements) ; basculement de la rampe de recul et du système ancreur, de la position horizontale de transport à la position verticale de travail ; ouverture simultanée des deux machoîres du verrouilleur d'ancrage et des demi-coquilles du protecteur acoustique.
Opérations de chargement : choix de l'ancrage correspondant au terrain ; mise en place du générateur de gaz et fermeture du verrou de sécurité sur la tête d'ancrage ; chargement de l'ancrage ; fermeture du verrouilleur d'ancrage ; fermeture du protecteur acoustique et d'environnement.
Opérations de mise à poste : la rampe de recul et le système ancreur se mettent à poste ; réglage de la verticalité du système ; descente du système ancreur jusqu'à contact du protecteur acoustique avec le sol.
Lancement de l'ancrage équipé. Mise à feu : levée de la sécurité de mise à feu ; armement du système de mise à feu ; libération de l'énergie de mise à feu (rayonnement ou percussion) ; initiation de l'allumeur de sécurité ; combustion du propergol entraînant une montée en pression dans le générateur, puis rupture totale ou partielle de la structure du générateur et expansion des gaz dans la tête d'ancrage ; l'énergie libérée est transmise a) à l'ancrage par l'intermédiaire du piston , b) à la tête d'ancrage et au système qui remonte le long de la rampe de recul.
Mouvement de l'ancrage : l'ancrage se déplace à grande vitesse ; en fin de sa course dans la tête d'ancrage, l'ancrage a atteint sa vitesse maximale et pénètre dans le sol ; son énergie cinétique est absorbée par la perforation du sol ; la hauteur de pénétration est obtenue par l'utilisation du générateur de différents chargements qui sont fonction de la nature du sol et du type d'ancrage ; si l'on souhaite avoir une hauteur de pénétration précise ou limiter le nombre de types de générateur de gaz, on utilisera des limiteurs de pénétration (plaques ou segments d'arrêt) qui sont placés sur l'extérieur des tubes.
Mouvement de la masse de recul: l'énergie cinétique du système ancreur (tête d'ancrage et protecteur acoustique) a été absorbée par sa remontée le long de la rampe de recul ; en fin de course, le système ancreur est bloqué en "position haute" par le système de verrouillage à crémaillère et à cliquets ; en position haute, le protecteur acoustique a libéré la partie non enterrée de l'ancrage et le piston qui est réutilisé ; le véhicule pyro ancreur se déplace et on procède à la récupération de la tête d'ancrage ; on est alors prêt pour un nouveau cycle chargement-ancrage.
The operational and operating diagram is described below.
Operational positioning : vehicle routing on the anchorages (the pyro anchor vehicle is capable of anchoring approximately 4 to 5 meters from the vehicle depending on its equipment); tilting of the recoil ramp and the anchor system, from the horizontal transport position to the vertical working position; simultaneous opening of the two jaws of the anchor locker and the half-shells of the hearing protector.
Loading operations : choice of anchorage corresponding to the terrain; installation of the gas generator and closing of the safety lock on the anchor head; loading the anchor; closing the anchor locker; closing of the acoustic and environmental protector.
Positioning operations : the reversing ramp and the anchor system are stationed; system verticality adjustment; lowering of the anchor system until the hearing protector contacts the ground.
Launch of the fitted anchor. Firing : lifting of the firing safety; arming the firing system; release of ignition energy (radiation or percussion); initiation of the safety igniter; combustion of the propellant causing a pressure rise in the generator, then total or partial rupture of the generator structure and expansion of the gases in the anchor head; the energy released is transmitted a) to the anchor via the piston, b) to the anchor head and to the system which rises along the recoil ramp.
Anchor movement : the anchor moves at high speed; at the end of its travel in the anchor head, the anchor has reached its maximum speed and enters the ground; its kinetic energy is absorbed by the perforation of the ground; the penetration height is obtained by using the generator of different loadings which are a function of the nature of the soil and the type of anchoring; if you wish to have a precise penetration height or limit the number of types of gas generator, use penetration limiters (stop plates or segments) which are placed on the outside of the tubes.
Movement of the recoil mass : the kinetic energy of the anchor system (anchor head and acoustic protector) was absorbed by its ascent along the recoil ramp; at the end of the race, the anchor system is locked in "high position" by the rack and pin locking system; in the high position, the acoustic protector has released the non-buried part of the anchor and the piston which is reused; the pyro anchor vehicle moves and the anchor head is recovered; we are then ready for a new loading-anchoring cycle.

Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, on pourra utiliser des variantes de cette mise en oeuvre opérationnelle du pyro ancreur.Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible to use variants of this operational implementation of the pyro-anchor.

Les ancrages doivent se faire dans des sols de types très variés tels que sable, marécage, argile, calcaire... Ces ancrages, préférentiellement métalliques, seront de formes et de dimensions variées en fonction de la nature du sol et des efforts appliqués sur l'ancrage enfoncé, voir Figures 9 à 14.The anchors must be made in soils of very varied types such as sand, swamp, clay, limestone ... These anchors, preferably metallic, will be of various shapes and sizes depending on the nature of the soil and the forces applied to the anchorage pressed, see Figures 9 to 14.

Ces ancrages 9 pourront comporter des ailettes latérales 41 qui améliorent la tenue dans le sol en particulier aux efforts de basculement.These anchors 9 may include lateral fins 41 which improve the resistance in the ground in particular to tilting forces.

Ils pourront aussi aussi être équipés de limiteurs de pénétration 42 sous forme de plaques circulaires ou polygonales ou d'éléments rapportés soudés ou repliés.They may also also be fitted with penetration limiters 42 in the form of circular or polygonal plates or of welded or folded inserts.

Les profils en coupe des différents ancrages seront adaptés à la nature du terrain ; ils pourront être cylindriques, polygonaux, en "T", en croix, en "H", ...The section profiles of the various anchors will be adapted to the nature of the terrain; they can be cylindrical, polygonal, "T", cross, "H", ...

Des éléments de fixations rapides des structures sur ces ancrages pourront être intégrés ou aménagés ; Par exemple tube ou cone d'emboîtement , ergot de fixation, boulons présoudés.Elements for quick fixing of structures on these anchors may be integrated or fitted; For example interlocking tube or cone, fixing lug, pre-welded bolts.

Claims (10)

  1. System for driving anchors (9) in the ground by gas pressure including , on a frame (43) to be maintained stationally relatively to the ground, a system (16,18) for the firing and combustion of a pyrotechnical composition (17) provided in a launching element (3,12) of said anchor (9), characterised in that said system comprises an acoustic shield (5) against the gas expansion, in that said launching element (3,12) is mounted on said acoustic shield (5), and in that said gas expansion acoustic shield (5) is slidingly mounted on a recoil ramp (1,33) realizing thereby a balancing of the inpulse transmitted to the anchor (3) on firing.
  2. System according to claim 1, characterised by the fact that the frame is a carrying-vehicle (43) associated with unfolding means (7, 28, 32; 34, 35) of the recoil ramp (27, 33) and of the acoustic shield (5) mounted on said ramp (27, 33) , from a transportation position during transportation on said vehicle (43) to an operational position.
  3. System according to claim 2, characterised in that the unfolding means include a telescopic arm (32) mounted on the vehicle and relatively to which the recoil ramp (33) swings frown a transportation position to an operational position actuated by at least one jack (35) associated to said arm .
  4. System according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the acoustic shield is a tube opened at one of its extremities intended to be , in operational position, directed toward the ground and which is provided,in its interior toward the other extremity thereof,with the firing, combustion and launching system (3, 12, 16, 18) .
  5. System according to claim 4, characterised in that said tube is extended, beyond the extremity thereof which is directed toward the ground in its operational position , by a flexible skirt (24).
  6. System according to claim 4 , characterised in that said tube comprises two half-shells (22) linked relatively to a main part so as to allow the opening of the tube (5) for loading of the system.
  7. System according to any of claim 1 to 6, characterised in that the firing,combustion and launching system includes a piston (11) which remains solid with the anchor during the driving-in the soil , an anchor head (12),defining ,with said piston (11), a combustion chamber (13) , a gas generator case (14) placed in said combustion chamber (13) and containing said pyrotechnic composition (17) and an anchor lock (3) solidary with said acoustic shield.
  8. System according to claim 7, characterised in that the anchor lock (3) comprises two mobile jaws (19)providing for the blocking of the anchor head(12).
  9. System according to claim 7, characterised in that the gas generator case (14) is in a thermoplastic or composite material , the structure thereof being rendered fragile so as to open at low pressure outside its utilisation housing.
  10. System according to claim 1,characterised in that the anchors (9) include at least a penetration limiter (42) and vanes (41) for stabilisation thereof in the ground.
EP90400793A 1989-03-23 1990-03-22 System for driving anchors into the ground Expired - Lifetime EP0389375B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8903813 1989-03-23
FR8903813A FR2644811B1 (en) 1989-03-23 1989-03-23 PYROTECHNIC SYSTEM FOR PUSHING GROUND ANCHORS

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EP0389375A1 EP0389375A1 (en) 1990-09-26
EP0389375B1 true EP0389375B1 (en) 1993-02-24

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FR2688527B1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1996-08-02 New Conimast International METHOD OF PYROTECHNIC MOORING OF AN EXTENDED FOUNDATION MODULE.
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JP4807661B2 (en) * 2006-04-21 2011-11-02 株式会社プロテックエンジニアリング Ground reinforcement construction method, ground reinforcement structure and anchor driving device for ground reinforcement
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CN105256801B (en) * 2015-09-30 2017-01-18 孙继铮 Quick dyke breach pile jetting machine and pile jetting method
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA902155B (en) 1990-12-28
FI901408A0 (en) 1990-03-21
CN1021068C (en) 1993-06-02
JP2846400B2 (en) 1999-01-13
LTIP1835A (en) 1995-08-25
AU630172B2 (en) 1992-10-22
US5104264A (en) 1992-04-14
CN1045831A (en) 1990-10-03
AR243005A1 (en) 1993-06-30
EP0389375A1 (en) 1990-09-26
FR2644811B1 (en) 1991-05-24
LT3761B (en) 1996-03-25
CA2012769A1 (en) 1990-09-23
ES2040574T3 (en) 1993-10-16
UA19037A (en) 1997-12-25
JPH0321720A (en) 1991-01-30
PT93551A (en) 1991-10-31
LV11200B (en) 1996-08-20
PL165216B1 (en) 1994-11-30
DE69000942D1 (en) 1993-04-01
FR2644811A1 (en) 1990-09-28
IL93834A (en) 1993-02-21
LV11200A (en) 1996-04-20
FI92235C (en) 1994-10-10
MA21776A1 (en) 1990-10-01
ATE85996T1 (en) 1993-03-15
BR9001346A (en) 1991-04-02
KR900014694A (en) 1990-10-24
DE69000942T2 (en) 1993-09-30
RU1838505C (en) 1993-08-30
PT93551B (en) 1996-07-31
AU5210890A (en) 1990-09-27
DK0389375T3 (en) 1993-06-14
FI92235B (en) 1994-06-30
IL93834A0 (en) 1990-12-23

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