EP0387129B1 - Needle for performing operations with yarns, slivers and flexible strands, and device for the use of such a needle - Google Patents

Needle for performing operations with yarns, slivers and flexible strands, and device for the use of such a needle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0387129B1
EP0387129B1 EP90400553A EP90400553A EP0387129B1 EP 0387129 B1 EP0387129 B1 EP 0387129B1 EP 90400553 A EP90400553 A EP 90400553A EP 90400553 A EP90400553 A EP 90400553A EP 0387129 B1 EP0387129 B1 EP 0387129B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
needle according
elongated body
loop
parallel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90400553A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0387129A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Paul Ducamp
Etienne Lemaire
Robert Montignac
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0387129A1 publication Critical patent/EP0387129A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D47/00—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms
    • D03D47/12—Looms in which bulk supply of weft does not pass through shed, e.g. shuttleless looms, gripper shuttle looms, dummy shuttle looms wherein single picks of weft thread are inserted, i.e. with shedding between each pick
    • D03D47/20—Constructional features of the thread-engaging device on the inserters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a needle intended for carrying out operations with flexible threads, rovings or cords.
  • a needle of this kind finds particular application in the field of the manufacture of reinforcements by multidirectional weaving. Such reinforcements are used, after impregnation with an appropriate binder and polymerization, to produce structural assemblies in composite material which can undergo very high mechanical and thermal stresses.
  • the invention more particularly aims to allow the weaving of a structure which will comprise continuous fibers oriented in at least three directions generally perpendicular to each other.
  • the general principle of weaving such structures consists in placing fibers in two directions between and around a third direction materialized either by rigid rods, for example metal, or by stretched wicks, or finally by rods made of composite material by impregnated, hardened and calibrated wicks.
  • a known technique for making such a structure consists in "depositing" fibers using hollow needles which receive and transport the fibers through the network and then abandoning them during a recoil movement, these being maintained stretched along their outward path by holding elements.
  • the fibers are transported in hollow needles, the elongated body of which is a barrel of flattened section which is substantially rectangular, the reduced width of which allows passage between metal rods or stretched wicks.
  • the hollow needles used in this technique must be rigid enough not to deviate from their direction under the effect of the forces applied to them and which are due to the entrainment of the fibers and this so as not to damage the network of vertical rods, nor to deteriorate the fibers they transport.
  • the needles must be easy to use when preparing the device before weaving, in particular to allow the introduction of the fibers into the barrel.
  • Known needles are made from a thin-walled tube which is flattened until the thickness compatible with the width of the meshes of the network is obtained and the end of which is cut into a bevel which is carefully deburred. .
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks which have just been mentioned and to propose a needle structure which is easy to produce, in particular in large series, of convenient and safe use, and which can be adapted to various types of fibers used in the manufacture of composite materials with high mechanical and thermal performance.
  • the invention provides a needle according to claim 1.
  • the loop is delimited by two parallel cheeks which extend from one face of the elongated body and by an axis for guiding the wires which connects the two cheeks together.
  • the section of the guide axis has a profile adapted to the nature of the wires, and if the elongated body has a substantially rectangular section, the two guide cheeks extend parallel to the two large lateral faces of the elongated body and are separated by a distance less than or equal to the width of the rectangular section of the body.
  • the loop is constituted by a ring attached to one of the faces of the elongated body and the section of which has a profile adapted to the nature of the wires.
  • the ring extends in a plane parallel to the two large lateral faces of the body.
  • the loop is a hole formed in a portion of the body which projects transversely from one face of the latter.
  • the portion in which the hole is formed is a thinned portion which extends parallel to the two large faces of the body.
  • the loop can be arranged in withdrawal with respect to the free end of the elongated body of the needle, the latter preferably being a solid body.
  • the invention finally proposes a device for the use of a needle as defined above, of the type in which the body of the needle is fixed to a drive member driven in a reciprocating movement, characterized in that the drive member comprises at least one wire guide hole formed in a part linked in movement to this member to keep the wires substantially parallel to the elongated body.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view along line 1-1 of Figure 2, the end of a preferred embodiment of a needle according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 of a variant of the first embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is an elevational view of the end of a third embodiment of a needle according to the invention.
  • Figures 6A and 6B show two possible sections along line 6-6 of Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 of yet another embodiment of a needle according to the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a sectional view along line 9-9 of Figure 8.
  • FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are three diagrams of a device for weaving a three-dimensional structure using needles produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention and which is represented in three successive positions of its operation.
  • the needle shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises an elongated solid body 10 of which only the end is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the body 10 has a substantially rectangular section of width "l" and length "L".
  • the section of the body is substantially rectangular and is delimited by two large parallel lateral faces and by two small lower and upper faces.
  • the very reduced width "l" which separates the two lateral faces must allow the body 10 of the needle to pass, for example between two vertical rods 12 which are shown in mixed lines.
  • the free end 14 of the straight elongated body 10 is bevelled.
  • the eye 16 of the needle is a loop 18 through which the fibers, or the rovings, 20 pass.
  • the loop 18 is delimited by the small internal face 22 of the elongated body 10, by two triangular and parallel cheeks 24 and 26 and by a guide pin 28.
  • the two cheeks 24 and 26 extend transversely relative to the elongated body 10 from the small face 22 parallel to the two large faces 30 and 32 thereof.
  • the two cheeks 24 and 26 are attached by welding to the elongated metal body 10 and are flush with the two large parallel faces 30 and 32.
  • the guide and closing axis of the loop 18 is a profiled axis of circular section.
  • the front side 34 of the triangular cheeks 24 and 26 is in the extension of the beveled end 14 of the elongated body 10.
  • the cheeks 24 and 26 also serve for the good retention of the fibers 20 and extend down below the guide axis 28.
  • the length "L" of the rectangular section may be equal to 6 mm, its width “l” equal to 0.5 mm, the thickness "e” of the cheeks to 0 , 05 mm and the diameter of the cylindrical profile axis 28 between 1 and 2 mm.
  • the needle according to the embodiment which has just been described makes it possible to remove the tubular part of the body proper and to replace it by a solid body having high mechanical characteristics and which can for example be produced by rolling a cord on piano.
  • This design allows the fibers or the wicks to be supported by the needle only in the places strictly necessary for its guidance, that is to say in the loop forming the eye, and to leave them free otherwise to avoid stuffing phenomena, to cause the radii of curvature of the fibers which are adapted to their own mechanical characteristics by determining a minimum admissible radius of curvature as a function of the elasticity moduli of the fibers, and of protecting the curved part 21 of the fibers during the phase of penetration into the network, and this in particular by the fact that the loop is arranged set back from the free end of the body 10.
  • the embodiment described in Figure 4 differs from the previous embodiment only in the outer contour of the cheeks which are no longer perfectly triangular but slightly rounded. It is also noted that the contour of the section of the axis 28 has a profile substantially in the shape of an ellipse which can be used with fibers 20 for which a more acute maximum angle of curvature of their portions 21 is admissible.
  • the arrangement of the lateral cheeks is such that the loop does not protrude laterally outside the space defined by the width "l" of the elongated body 10.
  • the body 10 is identical to that shown in Figures 1 to 3 and is in particular of rectangular section.
  • a metal ring 40 On the small face 22 is reported a metal ring 40 whose two ends 42 and 44 are for example welded.
  • the ring 40 extends transversely in the plane parallel to the lateral faces 30, 32 of the elongated body 10 to form a loop 18 through which the fibers 20 pass.
  • the ring is a metal rod, the section of which can be circular or elliptical as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • the rod 40 can be reinforced by a welded rear tab 46 to resist the traction applied to it by the fibers 20 during the forward stroke of penetration into a weaving structure.
  • the loop 18 is a complete circular ring 40 which is welded to the small underside 22 of the body 10 and which also extends in the plane of the body 10 parallel to its two large faces 30 and 32.
  • the thickness of the ring 40 is chosen to be as small as possible so that the lateral size of the latter plus the thickness of the fibers on both sides other of its section, do not exceed the width "l" of the elongated body 10.
  • the end of the body of rectangular section 10 has a thinned portion 50 which projects transversely with respect to its general direction and in which a hole 52 is formed which constitutes the loop 18 in which pass the fibers 20.
  • the edge of the hole 52 can be profiled and in particular rounded so as not to damage the fibers due to their friction on this edge.
  • the thinned portion 50 is parallel to the large lateral faces 30 and 32 of the body 10 and extends transversely from the small lower face 22.
  • the outer contour of the thinned portion 50 can take different forms, for example those shown in FIGS. 1 or 4.
  • FIGS. 10A to 10C show schematically a three-dimensional weaving machine equipped with solid needles produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
  • the machine comprises a frame 100 on which a coil 102 is rotatably mounted and on which is guided in sliding in a sleeve 104 a slide 106 of a member 108 for driving back and forth of a needle 10.
  • the movements of the drive member 108 can for example be caused by a double-acting cylinder 110.
  • the needle 10 is of the type represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 and allows the fibers 20 of the spool 102 to be penetrated back and forth through a network vertical rods 12.
  • the structure 108 has two attached tabs 112 each comprising a large hole 114 which is used for guiding and holding the fibers 20 along the body 10 of the needle during movements of the latter.
  • the actuation of the jack causes the needle 10 to penetrate through the vertical network 12 until its free end 14 comprising the eye 18 extends beyond the network, it i.e. right as shown in Figure 10B.
  • a bar 116 for retaining the fibers 20 is introduced and the jack can cause the return movement of the needle 10 which "deposits" the fibers 20 in the network 12 to reach the position represented in FIG. 10C which is similar to that shown in FIG. 10A after a round-trip deposition of the fibers 20.
  • the fibers 20 have been guided and maintained substantially parallel to the body 10 thanks to the guide holes 114 of the structure 108.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Decoration Of Textiles (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne une aiguille destinée à l'exécution d'opérations avec des fils, mèches ou cordons souples.The invention relates to a needle intended for carrying out operations with flexible threads, rovings or cords.

Une aiguille de ce genre trouve notamment son application dans le domaine de la fabrication d'armatures par tissage multidirectionnel. De telles armatures sont utilisées, après imprégnation par un liant approprié et polymérisation, pour réaliser des ensembles structuraux en matériau composite pouvant subir des sollicitations mécaniques et thermiques très importantes.A needle of this kind finds particular application in the field of the manufacture of reinforcements by multidirectional weaving. Such reinforcements are used, after impregnation with an appropriate binder and polymerization, to produce structural assemblies in composite material which can undergo very high mechanical and thermal stresses.

L'invention vise plus particulièrement à permettre le tissage d'une structure qui va comporter des fibres continues orientées dans au moins trois directions généralement perpendiculaires entre elles.The invention more particularly aims to allow the weaving of a structure which will comprise continuous fibers oriented in at least three directions generally perpendicular to each other.

Le principe général de tissage de telles structures consiste à disposer des fibres suivant deux directions entre et autour d'une troisième direction matérialisée soit par des tiges rigides, par exemple métalliques, soit par des mèches tendues, soit enfin par des tiges en matériau composite constituées par des mèches imprégnées, durcies et calibrées.The general principle of weaving such structures consists in placing fibers in two directions between and around a third direction materialized either by rigid rods, for example metal, or by stretched wicks, or finally by rods made of composite material by impregnated, hardened and calibrated wicks.

Une technique connue pour réaliser une telle structure consiste à "déposer" des fibres à l'aide d'aiguilles creuses qui reçoivent et transportent les fibres à travers le réseau puis à les abandonner lors d'un mouvement de recul, celles-ci étant maintenues tendues selon leur trajet aller par des éléments de maintien.A known technique for making such a structure consists in "depositing" fibers using hollow needles which receive and transport the fibers through the network and then abandoning them during a recoil movement, these being maintained stretched along their outward path by holding elements.

Dans la technique connue, les fibres sont transportées dans des aiguilles creuses dont le corps allongé est un fût de section aplatie sensiblement rectangulaire dont la largeur réduite permet le passage entre des tiges métalliques ou des mèches tendues.In the known technique, the fibers are transported in hollow needles, the elongated body of which is a barrel of flattened section which is substantially rectangular, the reduced width of which allows passage between metal rods or stretched wicks.

Les aiguilles creuses utilisées dans cette technique doivent être suffisamment rigides pour ne pas dévier de leur direction sous l'effet des efforts qui leur sont appliqués et qui sont dûs à l'entraînement des fibres et ceci de façon à ne pas détériorer le réseau des tiges verticales, ni à détériorer les fibres qu'elles transportent. Les aiguilles doivent être d'une mise en oeuvre aisée lors de la préparation du dispositif avant le tissage notamment pour permettre l'introduction des fibres dans le fût.The hollow needles used in this technique must be rigid enough not to deviate from their direction under the effect of the forces applied to them and which are due to the entrainment of the fibers and this so as not to damage the network of vertical rods, nor to deteriorate the fibers they transport. The needles must be easy to use when preparing the device before weaving, in particular to allow the introduction of the fibers into the barrel.

Les aiguilles connues sont réalisées à partir d'un tube à paroi mince que l'on aplatit jusqu'à obtenir l'épaisseur compatible avec la largeur des mailles du réseau et dont on coupe l'extrémité en un biseau que l'on ébavure soigneusement.Known needles are made from a thin-walled tube which is flattened until the thickness compatible with the width of the meshes of the network is obtained and the end of which is cut into a bevel which is carefully deburred. .

Ces aiguilles présentent de nombreux inconvénients. Il est particulièrement difficile d'enfiler des fils ou des fibres dans leur fût étroit et long, par exemple de 300 à 500 mm. Il existe un risque de bourrage des fibres dans le tube par accumulation de petites particules ou de fibrilles qui ralentissent le procédé de tissage. On constate également une dégradation de la fibre lors de la phase de pénétration dans le réseau du fait d'un pliage exagéré de celle-ci à l'extrémité libre en biseau de l'aiguille notamment dans le cas d'utilisation de fibres fragiles à haut module d'élasticité. Cet inconvénient est particulièrement nuisible car il affecte les caractéristiques mécaniques finales du produit tissé. Enfin, du fait de leur fragilité, les aiguilles creuses sont souvent détruites par flambage.These needles have many disadvantages. It is particularly difficult to thread threads or fibers into their narrow and long barrel, for example from 300 to 500 mm. There is a risk of fiber jamming in the tube due to the accumulation of small particles or fibrils which slow down the weaving process. There is also a degradation of the fiber during the phase of penetration into the network due to an exaggerated folding of the latter at the free beveled end of the needle especially in the case of the use of fragile fibers with high modulus of elasticity. This drawback is particularly harmful since it affects the final mechanical characteristics of the woven product. Finally, due to their fragility, hollow needles are often destroyed by flaming.

L'invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients qui viennent d'être mentionnés et de proposer une structure d'aiguille qui soit de réalisation aisée, notamment en grande série, d'une utilisation commode et sûre, et qui puisse s'adapter aux divers types de fibres utilisées dans la fabrication des matériaux composites à hautes performances mécaniques et thermiques.The object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks which have just been mentioned and to propose a needle structure which is easy to produce, in particular in large series, of convenient and safe use, and which can be adapted to various types of fibers used in the manufacture of composite materials with high mechanical and thermal performance.

Dans ce but l'invention propose une aiguille selon la revendication 1.For this purpose the invention provides a needle according to claim 1.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, la boucle est délimitée par deux joues parallèles qui s'étendent depuis une face du corps allongé et par un axe de guidage des fils qui relie entre elles les deux joues.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the loop is delimited by two parallel cheeks which extend from one face of the elongated body and by an axis for guiding the wires which connects the two cheeks together.

La section de l'axe de guidage présente un profil adapté à la nature des fils, et si le corps allongé possède une section sensiblement rectangulaire, les deux joues de guidage s'étendent parallèlement aux deux grandes faces latérales du corps allongé et sont séparées par une distance inférieure ou égale à la largeur de la section rectangulaire du corps.The section of the guide axis has a profile adapted to the nature of the wires, and if the elongated body has a substantially rectangular section, the two guide cheeks extend parallel to the two large lateral faces of the elongated body and are separated by a distance less than or equal to the width of the rectangular section of the body.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, la boucle est constituée par un anneau rapporté sur une des faces du corps allongé et dont la section présente un profil adapté à la nature des fils.According to another embodiment of the invention, the loop is constituted by a ring attached to one of the faces of the elongated body and the section of which has a profile adapted to the nature of the wires.

Dans le cas où le corps allongé possède une section sensiblement rectangulaire, l'anneau s'étend dans un plan parallèle aux deux grandes faces latérales du corps.In the case where the elongated body has a substantially rectangular section, the ring extends in a plane parallel to the two large lateral faces of the body.

Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, la boucle est un trou formé dans une portion du corps qui fait saillie transversalement depuis une face de ce dernier. Lorsque le corps allongé possède une section sensiblement rectangulaire, la portion dans laquelle est formé le trou est une portion amincie qui s'étend parallèlement aux deux grandes faces du corps.According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the loop is a hole formed in a portion of the body which projects transversely from one face of the latter. When the elongated body has a substantially rectangular section, the portion in which the hole is formed is a thinned portion which extends parallel to the two large faces of the body.

Quel que soit le mode de réalisation envisagé, la boucle peut être disposée en retrait par rapport à l'extrémité libre du corps allongé de l'aiguille, ce dernier étant de préférence un corps plein.Whatever the embodiment envisaged, the loop can be arranged in withdrawal with respect to the free end of the elongated body of the needle, the latter preferably being a solid body.

L'invention propose enfin un dispositif pour l'utilisation d'une aiguille telle que définie précédemment, du type dans lequel le corps de l'aiguille est fixé à un organe d'entraînement animé d'un mouvement de va-et-vient, caractérisé en ce que l'organe d'entraînement comporte au moins un trou de guidage des fils formé dans une pièce liée en mouvement à cet organe pour maintenir les fils sensiblement parallèles au corps allongé.The invention finally proposes a device for the use of a needle as defined above, of the type in which the body of the needle is fixed to a drive member driven in a reciprocating movement, characterized in that the drive member comprises at least one wire guide hole formed in a part linked in movement to this member to keep the wires substantially parallel to the elongated body.

La description qui va suivre, en regard des dessins annexés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, permettra de bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être mise en pratique.The description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of nonlimiting examples, will make it possible to understand clearly how the invention can be implemented. convenient.

La figure 1 est une vue en section selon la ligne 1-1 de la figure 2, de l'extrémité d'un mode de réalisation préféré d'une aiguille selon l'invention.Figure 1 is a sectional view along line 1-1 of Figure 2, the end of a preferred embodiment of a needle according to the invention.

La figure 2 est une vue en section selon la ligne 2-2 de la figure 1.Figure 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1.

La figure 3 est une vue en section selon la ligne 3-3 de la figure 1.Figure 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 1.

La figure 4 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 1 d'une variante du premier mode de réalisation.Figure 4 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 of a variant of the first embodiment.

La figure 5 est une vue en élévation de l'extrémité d'un troisième mode de réalisation d'une aiguille selon l'invention.Figure 5 is an elevational view of the end of a third embodiment of a needle according to the invention.

Les figures 6A et 6B représentent deux sections possibles selon la ligne 6-6 de la figure 5.Figures 6A and 6B show two possible sections along line 6-6 of Figure 5.

La figure 7 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 5 d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 7 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 of another embodiment of the invention.

La figure 8 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 5 d'encore un autre mode de réalisation d'une aiguille selon l'invention.Figure 8 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 of yet another embodiment of a needle according to the invention.

La figure 9 est une vue en section selon la ligne 9-9 de la figure 8.Figure 9 is a sectional view along line 9-9 of Figure 8.

Les figures 10A, 10B et 10C sont trois schémas d'un dispositif de tissage d'une structure tridimensionnelle à l'aide d'aiguilles réalisées conformément aux enseignements de l'invention et qui est représenté dans trois positions successives de son fonctionnement.FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are three diagrams of a device for weaving a three-dimensional structure using needles produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention and which is represented in three successive positions of its operation.

L'aiguille représentée aux figures 1 à 3 comprend un corps plein allongé 10 dont seulement l'extrémité est représentée à la figure 1.The needle shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises an elongated solid body 10 of which only the end is shown in FIG. 1.

Le corps 10 possède une section sensiblement rectangulaire de largeur "l" et de longueur "L".The body 10 has a substantially rectangular section of width "l" and length "L".

La section du corps est sensiblement rectangulaire et est délimitée par deux grandes faces latérales parallèles et par deux petites faces inférieure et supérieure.The section of the body is substantially rectangular and is delimited by two large parallel lateral faces and by two small lower and upper faces.

Comme on peut le voir à la figure 3, la largeur très réduite "l" qui sépare les deux faces latérales doit permettre le passage du corps 10 de l'aiguille par exemple entre deux tiges verticales 12 qui sont représentées en traits mixtes.As can be seen in FIG. 3, the very reduced width "l" which separates the two lateral faces must allow the body 10 of the needle to pass, for example between two vertical rods 12 which are shown in mixed lines.

L'extrémité libre 14 du corps allongé rectiligne 10 est biseautée.The free end 14 of the straight elongated body 10 is bevelled.

Dans ce premier mode de réalisation, le chas 16 de l'aiguille est une boucle 18 dans laquelle passent les fibres, ou les mèches, 20.In this first embodiment, the eye 16 of the needle is a loop 18 through which the fibers, or the rovings, 20 pass.

Comme on peut le voir à la figure 2, la boucle 18 est délimitée par la petite face intérieure 22 du corps allongé 10, par deux joues triangulaires et parallèles 24 et 26 et par un axe de guidage 28.As can be seen in FIG. 2, the loop 18 is delimited by the small internal face 22 of the elongated body 10, by two triangular and parallel cheeks 24 and 26 and by a guide pin 28.

Les deux joues 24 et 26 s'étendent transversalement par rapport au corps allongé 10 depuis la petite face 22 parallèlement aux deux grandes faces 30 et 32 de celui-ci.The two cheeks 24 and 26 extend transversely relative to the elongated body 10 from the small face 22 parallel to the two large faces 30 and 32 thereof.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 1 à 3, les deux joues 24 et 26 sont rapportées par soudage sur le corps métallique allongé 10 et sont en affleurement avec les deux grandes faces parallèles 30 et 32.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the two cheeks 24 and 26 are attached by welding to the elongated metal body 10 and are flush with the two large parallel faces 30 and 32.

L'axe de guidage et de fermeture de la boucle 18 est un axe profilé de section circulaire.The guide and closing axis of the loop 18 is a profiled axis of circular section.

Le côté avant 34 des joues triangulaires 24 et 26 est dans le prolongement de l'extrémité biseautée 14 du corps allongé 10. Les joues 24 et 26 servent également au bon maintien des fibres 20 et s'étendent vers le bas en-dessous de l'axe de guidage 28. A titre d'exemple, la longueur "L" de la section rectangulaire peut être égale à 6 mm, sa largeur "l" égale à 0,5 mm, l'épaisseur "e" des joues à 0,05 mm et le diamètre de l'axe profilé cylindrique 28 compris entre 1 et 2 mm.The front side 34 of the triangular cheeks 24 and 26 is in the extension of the beveled end 14 of the elongated body 10. The cheeks 24 and 26 also serve for the good retention of the fibers 20 and extend down below the guide axis 28. By way of example, the length "L" of the rectangular section may be equal to 6 mm, its width "l" equal to 0.5 mm, the thickness "e" of the cheeks to 0 , 05 mm and the diameter of the cylindrical profile axis 28 between 1 and 2 mm.

L'aiguille selon le mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit permet de supprimer la partie tubulaire du corps proprement dit et de la remplacer par un corps plein possédant des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées et qui peut par exemple être réalisé par laminage d'une corde à piano. Cette conception permet de ne faire supporter les fibres ou les mèches par l'aiguille que dans les endroits strictement nécessaires à son guidage, c'est-à-dire dans la boucle formant le chas, et de les laisser libres par ailleurs pour éviter les phénomènes de bourrage, de provoquer des rayons de courbure des fibres qui sont adaptés à leurs caractéristiques mécaniques propres en déterminant un rayon de courbure minimal admissible en fonction des modules d'élasticité des fibres, et de protéger la partie recourbée 21 des fibres pendant la phase de pénétration dans le réseau, et ceci notamment de par le fait que la boucle est agencée en retrait de l'extrémité libre du corps 10.The needle according to the embodiment which has just been described makes it possible to remove the tubular part of the body proper and to replace it by a solid body having high mechanical characteristics and which can for example be produced by rolling a cord on piano. This design allows the fibers or the wicks to be supported by the needle only in the places strictly necessary for its guidance, that is to say in the loop forming the eye, and to leave them free otherwise to avoid stuffing phenomena, to cause the radii of curvature of the fibers which are adapted to their own mechanical characteristics by determining a minimum admissible radius of curvature as a function of the elasticity moduli of the fibers, and of protecting the curved part 21 of the fibers during the phase of penetration into the network, and this in particular by the fact that the loop is arranged set back from the free end of the body 10.

Le mode de réalisation décrit à la figure 4 ne diffère du mode de réalisation précédent que par le contour extérieur des joues qui ne sont plus parfaitement triangulaires mais légèrement arrondies. On constate également que le contour de la section de l'axe 28 présente un profil sensiblement en forme d'ellipse qui peut être utilisé avec des fibres 20 pour lesquelles un angle de courbure maximal plus aigu de leurs portions 21 est admissible.The embodiment described in Figure 4 differs from the previous embodiment only in the outer contour of the cheeks which are no longer perfectly triangular but slightly rounded. It is also noted that the contour of the section of the axis 28 has a profile substantially in the shape of an ellipse which can be used with fibers 20 for which a more acute maximum angle of curvature of their portions 21 is admissible.

Dans ces deux premiers modes de réalisation, l'agencement des joues latérales est tel que la boucle ne dépasse pas latéralement hors de l'espace défini par la largeur "l" du corps allongé 10.In these first two embodiments, the arrangement of the lateral cheeks is such that the loop does not protrude laterally outside the space defined by the width "l" of the elongated body 10.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, le corps 10 est identique à celui représenté aux figures 1 à 3 et est notamment de section rectangulaire.In the embodiment of Figure 5, the body 10 is identical to that shown in Figures 1 to 3 and is in particular of rectangular section.

Sur la petite face 22 est rapporté un anneau métallique 40 dont les deux extrémités 42 et 44 sont par exemple soudées.On the small face 22 is reported a metal ring 40 whose two ends 42 and 44 are for example welded.

L'anneau 40 s'étend transversalement dans le plan parallèle aux faces latérales 30, 32 du corps allongé 10 pour former une boucle 18 dans laquelle passent les fibres 20.The ring 40 extends transversely in the plane parallel to the lateral faces 30, 32 of the elongated body 10 to form a loop 18 through which the fibers 20 pass.

L'anneau est un jonc métallique dont la section peut être circulaire ou elliptique comme cela est représenté aux figures 6A et 6B.The ring is a metal rod, the section of which can be circular or elliptical as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.

Le jonc 40 peut être renforcé par une patte arrière soudée 46 pour résister à la traction qui lui est appliquée par les fibres 20 lors de la course aller de pénétration dans une structure de tissage.The rod 40 can be reinforced by a welded rear tab 46 to resist the traction applied to it by the fibers 20 during the forward stroke of penetration into a weaving structure.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 7, qui est très proche de celui représenté à la figure 5, la boucle 18 est un anneau circulaire complet 40 qui est soudé sur la petite face inférieure 22 du corps 10 et qui s'étend également dans le plan du corps 10 parallèle à ses deux grandes faces 30 et 32.In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, which is very close to that shown in Figure 5, the loop 18 is a complete circular ring 40 which is welded to the small underside 22 of the body 10 and which also extends in the plane of the body 10 parallel to its two large faces 30 and 32.

Dans le cas des modes de réalisation représentés aux figures 5 à 7, l'épaisseur de l'anneau 40 est choisie la plus faible possible de façon que l'encombrement latéral de celui-ci plus l'épaisseur des fibres de part et d'autre de sa section, ne dépassent pas la largeur "l" du corps allongé 10.In the case of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the thickness of the ring 40 is chosen to be as small as possible so that the lateral size of the latter plus the thickness of the fibers on both sides other of its section, do not exceed the width "l" of the elongated body 10.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 8 et 9, l'extrémité du corps de section rectangulaire 10 comporte une portion amincie 50 qui fait saillie transversalement par rapport à sa direction générale et dans laquelle est percé un trou 52 qui constitue la boucle 18 dans laquelle passent les fibres 20.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the end of the body of rectangular section 10 has a thinned portion 50 which projects transversely with respect to its general direction and in which a hole 52 is formed which constitutes the loop 18 in which pass the fibers 20.

Le bord du trou 52 peut être profilé et notamment arrondi afin de ne pas endommager les fibres du fait de leur frottement sur ce bord.The edge of the hole 52 can be profiled and in particular rounded so as not to damage the fibers due to their friction on this edge.

La portion amincie 50 est parallèle aux grandes faces 30 latérales et 32 du corps 10 et s'étend transversalement depuis la petite face inférieure 22.The thinned portion 50 is parallel to the large lateral faces 30 and 32 of the body 10 and extends transversely from the small lower face 22.

Le contour extérieur de la portion amincie 50 peut revêtir différentes formes et par exemple celles représentées aux figures 1 ou 4.The outer contour of the thinned portion 50 can take different forms, for example those shown in FIGS. 1 or 4.

On a schématisé aux figures 10A à 10C une machine de tissage tridimensionnel équipée d'aiguilles pleines réalisées conformément aux enseignements de l'invention. La machine comprend un bâti 100 sur lequel est montée tournante une bobine 102 et sur lequel est guidé en coulissement dans un manchon 104 un coulisseau 106 d'un organe 108 d'entraînement en va-et-vient d'une aiguille 10.FIGS. 10A to 10C show schematically a three-dimensional weaving machine equipped with solid needles produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention. The machine comprises a frame 100 on which a coil 102 is rotatably mounted and on which is guided in sliding in a sleeve 104 a slide 106 of a member 108 for driving back and forth of a needle 10.

Les mouvements de l'organe d'entraînement 108 peuvent par exemple être provoqués par un vérin à double effet 110.The movements of the drive member 108 can for example be caused by a double-acting cylinder 110.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 10A à 10C, l'aiguille 10 est du type représenté aux figures 1 à 3 et permet de faire pénétrer par un mouvement de va-et-vient les fibres 20 de la bobine 102 à travers un réseau de tiges verticales 12.In the embodiment represented in FIGS. 10A to 10C, the needle 10 is of the type represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 and allows the fibers 20 of the spool 102 to be penetrated back and forth through a network vertical rods 12.

Conformément à l'invention, la structure 108 comporte deux pattes rapportées 112 comportant chacune un trou de grande dimension 114 qui sert au guidage et au maintien des fibres 20 le long du corps 10 de l'aiguille lors des déplacements de cette dernière.According to the invention, the structure 108 has two attached tabs 112 each comprising a large hole 114 which is used for guiding and holding the fibers 20 along the body 10 of the needle during movements of the latter.

En partant de la figure 10A, l'actionnement du vérin provoque la pénétration de l'aiguille 10 à travers le réseau vertical 12 jusqu'à ce que son extrémité libre 14 comportant le chas 18 s'étende au-delà du réseau, c'est-à-dire à droite comme cela est représenté à la figure 10B. Dans cette position on introduit une barrette 116 de retenue des fibres 20 et le vérin peut provoquer le mouvement de retour de l'aiguille 10 qui "dépose" les fibres 20 dans le réseau 12 pour atteindre la position représentée à la figure 10C qui est similaire à celle représentée à la figure 10A après un dépôt aller-retour des fibres 20.Starting from FIG. 10A, the actuation of the jack causes the needle 10 to penetrate through the vertical network 12 until its free end 14 comprising the eye 18 extends beyond the network, it i.e. right as shown in Figure 10B. In this position, a bar 116 for retaining the fibers 20 is introduced and the jack can cause the return movement of the needle 10 which "deposits" the fibers 20 in the network 12 to reach the position represented in FIG. 10C which is similar to that shown in FIG. 10A after a round-trip deposition of the fibers 20.

Tout au long de ces déplacements, les fibres 20 ont été guidées et maintenues sensiblement parallèlement au corps 10 grâce aux trous de guidage 114 de la structure 108.Throughout these movements, the fibers 20 have been guided and maintained substantially parallel to the body 10 thanks to the guide holes 114 of the structure 108.

Claims (12)

  1. Needle designed for performing operations with threads, slivers or flexible strands (20) for making reinforcements by weaving in at least three generally mutually perpendicular directions, of the type comprising an elongated body of substantially constant width (10) and an eye formed in the neighbourhood of its free end (14), characterised in that the eye is a closed loop (18) which extends outside the body of the needle and in that the loop is shaped and disposed with respect to the body in such a way that it does not extend laterally outside the space defined by the width of the elongated body (10).
  2. Needle according to claim 1, characterised in that the loop is defined by two parallel webs (24, 26) which extend from a face (22) of the elongated body (10) and by a guide spindle (28) for the thread (20) which ties together the two webs (24, 26).
  3. Needle according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the cross-section of the guide spindle (28) presents a profile adapted to the nature of the thread (20).
  4. Needle according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the elongated body (10) has a substantially rectangular section and that the two guide webs (24, 26) extend parallel to two major side faces (30, 32) of the body (10).
  5. Needle according to claim 1, characterised in that the loop (18) is constituted by a ring (40) connected to one of the faces (22) of the elongated body (10).
  6. Needle according to claim 5, characterised in that the section of the ring (40) presents a profile adapted to the nature of the thread.
  7. Needle according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the elongated body has a substantially rectangular section and that the ring (40) extends in a plane parallel to two major side faces (30, 32) of the body (10).
  8. Needle according to claim 1, characterised in that the loop (18) is a hole (52) formed in a portion (50) of the body (10) which projects transversely from a face (22) of the latter.
  9. Needle according to claim 8, characterised in that the elongated body (10) has a substantially rectangular section and that the said portion (50) is a reduced portion which extends parallel to two major faces (30, 32) of the body (10).
  10. Needle according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the loop (18) is arranged set back with respect to the free end of the elongated body of the needle.
  11. Needle according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the body (10) is a solid body.
  12. Arrangement for using a needle according to any one of the foregoing claims of the type in which the body (10) of the needle is fixed to a mounting member (108) arranged to move back and forth, characterised in that the mounting member has at least one hole (114) for guiding the thread formed in a piece (112) connected to the member for maintaining the thread (20) substantially parallel to the elongated body (10) of the needle.
EP90400553A 1989-03-06 1990-02-28 Needle for performing operations with yarns, slivers and flexible strands, and device for the use of such a needle Expired - Lifetime EP0387129B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8902905A FR2643916B1 (en) 1989-03-06 1989-03-06 NEEDLE FOR CARRYING OUT OPERATIONS WITH FLEXIBLE WIRES, CORDS OR CORDS AND DEVICE FOR USING SUCH A NEEDLE
FR8902905 1989-03-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0387129A1 EP0387129A1 (en) 1990-09-12
EP0387129B1 true EP0387129B1 (en) 1997-09-10

Family

ID=9379402

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90400553A Expired - Lifetime EP0387129B1 (en) 1989-03-06 1990-02-28 Needle for performing operations with yarns, slivers and flexible strands, and device for the use of such a needle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5127443A (en)
EP (1) EP0387129B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2644605B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2011512C (en)
DE (1) DE69031396T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2643916B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6059369A (en) 1997-05-01 2000-05-09 Lear Corporation Composite vehicle seat back frame and method of manufacturing thereof
US6112775A (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-05 Narricot Industries Incorporated Weft yarn selection mechanism and methods for weaving seat belt webbing
BRPI0418892A (en) * 2004-06-03 2007-11-20 Textilma Ag weft introduction needle for a strap needle loom

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304195A (en) * 1941-02-08 1942-12-08 Crompton & Knowles Loom Works Thread control for axminster needle motion
GB570457A (en) * 1943-09-09 1945-07-09 Cecil Henry Baddeley Weft carriers for shuttleless looms
US2409445A (en) * 1944-05-02 1946-10-15 Max M Newman Sewing machine needle
CH508075A (en) * 1970-06-04 1971-05-31 Saurer Ag Adolph Yarn holding device on a weft thread insertion element of a weaving machine
NO133739C (en) * 1973-01-27 1976-06-23 Opti Holding Ag
US3986531A (en) * 1974-04-25 1976-10-19 Flair Zipper Corporation Loom for weaving a slide-fastener element to a tape
US4133339A (en) * 1975-07-11 1979-01-09 Floss Aid Corporation Needle with deformable eye
CH598382A5 (en) * 1975-07-25 1978-04-28 Mueller Jakob Forschungs Und F Needle loom for narrow goods
US4006758A (en) * 1975-08-15 1977-02-08 Libby Carl F Narrow web loom
US4526026A (en) * 1984-04-11 1985-07-02 Krauland Jr Konrad L Method and apparatus of producing continuous three-dimensional fabrics
FR2564490B1 (en) * 1984-05-15 1986-09-19 Aerospatiale IMPROVEMENTS ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL KNITTED COMPOSITE PROFILES AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2643916B1 (en) 1991-10-11
DE69031396D1 (en) 1997-10-16
JPH02269834A (en) 1990-11-05
JP2644605B2 (en) 1997-08-25
CA2011512C (en) 1999-11-09
EP0387129A1 (en) 1990-09-12
FR2643916A1 (en) 1990-09-07
CA2011512A1 (en) 1990-09-06
US5127443A (en) 1992-07-07
DE69031396T2 (en) 1998-01-15

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