EP0379388A2 - Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles - Google Patents
Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0379388A2 EP0379388A2 EP90300610A EP90300610A EP0379388A2 EP 0379388 A2 EP0379388 A2 EP 0379388A2 EP 90300610 A EP90300610 A EP 90300610A EP 90300610 A EP90300610 A EP 90300610A EP 0379388 A2 EP0379388 A2 EP 0379388A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bolt
- tube
- grout
- hole
- cable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/006—Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wires
Definitions
- the instant invention relates to supporting bolts for underground excavations in general and to cable bolts in particular.
- Underground excavations are usually supported by, amongst other things, rock bolts and grouted cables inserted into bore holes drilled into the roof and sides of the excavation.
- Rock bolts generally consist of solid bars or hollow metal tubes. They may be tensioned within the hole and grouted to secure the ground.
- Cable bolts an alternative to rock bolts when conditions allow, are generally flexible, twisted strands of cable that are inserted into the hole and set with grout. They are most useful when large blocks of ground are supported. Cable bolts can supply stronger tensile strength than regular bolting.
- rock bolts and cable bolts possess inherent advantages and disadvantages
- a useful feature of the cable bolt system is that it is flexible and can be fished into a hole from a portable reel.
- paired cables are employed. The initial length of each individual cable is generally no concern since they may be cut to length at the site as conditions dictate.
- one method uses a filler tube and a breather tube in the hole.
- Grout is pumped into the filler tube which extends partly into the hole.
- the collar of the hole is sealed with a plug.
- the grout percolates to the top of the hole and returns down the breather tube, along with the entrapped air.
- a grout having a 0.4/1.0 water/cement ratio or higher is used.
- the problems are that it is difficult to get a proper plug/seal at the opening of the hole. It is labor intensive since the two cables and the two pieces of plastic tubing must be tied or taped together.
- Grout densities can vary with no indication of completeness. Voids may be created that weaken the bond.
- a second common method employs a dense grout (0.3/1.0 water/cement ratio).
- the grout is pumped up a feed tube tied to two cables that extends substantially up the length of the hole.
- the grout then flows downwardly about the annulus formed between the two cables and the hole wall. Pumping is stopped when grout reaches the collar of the hole.
- the higher density of the grout causes it to remain in the hole until it sets. Plugs are not needed, although a wedge may be employed to keep everything in the hole.
- the cables and tube must be taped together. Proper grout density must be maintained. Otherwise, it may drain out before setting.
- a hollow cable bolt consisting of a plurality of individual wires spirally wound around a hollow central tube.
- High density grout is pumped through the bore of the central tube eliminating the need for a plug at the collar of the hole. There is no need to tie the components together.
- the cable bolt length is not a controlling factor since it may be cut on site.
- FIGS 1 and 2 show the hollow cable bolt 10.
- the cable bolt 10 includes a central tube 12 including a bore 40 having a plurality of solid wire strands 14 spirally circumscribing the tube 12.
- the bolt 10 may be cut to any desired length.
- the central tube 12 may be comprised of plastic, preliminary testing indicates that flexible metal tubing 12 is preferable since a plastic tube 12 may allow excessive necking when the bolt 10 is loaded and this significantly reduces the bond strength.
- the wire strands 14 are preferably preformed metal wire, (steel, copper, etc.) that are spirally woven around the outside diameter of the tube 12. The preformed wire strands 14 will stop the bolt 10 from unravelling when cut. As a result, the bolt 10 can be supplied in precut lengths or taken off a reel and cut to suit the local conditions. Consideration of like material selection for the tube 12 and wire 14 should be borne in mind so that electrical cell activity is reduced.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a simplified installation of the bolt 10.
- a hole 16 is drilled into the ground 18.
- a side wall installation is shown, it should be understood that the bolt 10 may be used in roofs as well.
- the appropriately sized cable 10 is inserted into hole 16, cut at the hole opening (if necessary) to allow a small segment 26 to extend away from the hole 16, and secured in the hole 16 by a wedge or other suitable means.
- the grout 20, preferably a high density formulation (at least 0.3/1.0 water/cement), is pumped into the bore 40 of the central tube 12 and allowed to flow throughout the entire tube 12 and then back around the annulus 22 towards the opening of the hole 16.
- a plate or screen holder 24 is slipped over the extension 26 to secure the integrity of the grout 20 and hold the optional screen 28 in place.
- a current system for cable grouting requires that the cables 30 be precut to a predetermined length by the supplier.
- two cables 30, 0.625 inch (1.6 cm) in diameter, each composed of seven wire strands 44 of about 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) diameter are clipped together.
- These cables 30 are coiled and tied, loaded on a pallet and shipped to the site.
- the operator must unclip the cables 30 prior to installing them - a dangerous undertaking since the coiled cables act as springs. After they are carefully unclipped, all dirt and grease must be cleaned off the cables, otherwise the grout's bonding capabilities will be degraded.
- Two cables 30 are then attached to the filler tube 32 by tape 34. The assembly is then inserted into the hole 36 and held in place by a wedge. Grout 38 is pumped through the filler tube 32.
- the current cable bolting system shown in Figure 5 suffers from grout bleeding, grout blockage, and the need for higher pumping pressures.
- the group 38 after being pumped upwardly, the group 38 must flow downwardly through many small passages formed between the cables 30, the strands of wire 44 making up the cables 30 and the exterior of the filler tube 32. Sometimes the group 38 will become blocked, leaving voids.
- the group 38 is pumped under high pressure and through some of the smaller openings, the water component of the grout 38 is sometimes squeezed out of the grout 38 leaving behind a dense cement in pockets that will not flow.
- the cable bolt 10 reduces grout problems. Since the wire strands 14 circumscribe the central tube 12, there is a larger area for the grout 30 to flow unimpeded. This results in lower pump pressures, less blockage and less bleeding.
- the flexible central tube 12 may be 1 inch (2.54 cm) outside diameter by 0.75 inch (1.9 cm) inside diameter.
- the fifteen wire strands 14 are .203 inch (0.5 cm) in diameter.
- the hole 16 is 2.125 inches (5.4 cm) in diameter.
- the advantages of the hollow cable bolt 10 over current cable systems include:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA588895 | 1989-01-23 | ||
CA588895 | 1989-01-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0379388A2 true EP0379388A2 (fr) | 1990-07-25 |
EP0379388A3 EP0379388A3 (fr) | 1991-03-13 |
Family
ID=4139500
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19900300610 Withdrawn EP0379388A3 (fr) | 1989-01-23 | 1990-01-22 | Boulon d'ancrage creux en câbles |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0379388A3 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4867890A (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993003256A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-26 | 1993-02-18 | J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. | Cheville de fixation en forme de cable |
WO1993012324A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-24 | Bridon, Plc | Boulons d'ancrage souples |
WO2008128301A1 (fr) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-30 | Onesteel Wire Pty Limited | Renforcement de formations |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2889347C (fr) * | 2007-02-28 | 2016-08-09 | Peter H. Craig | Ancrage par cable ameliore |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3434020A1 (de) * | 1984-09-15 | 1986-03-27 | Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel | Nachgiebiger gebirgsanker |
US4589803A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1986-05-20 | Totten Iii Arthur B | Method and apparatus for installing mine roof supports |
EP0196451A1 (fr) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-10-08 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft | Elément de tension pour un boulon d'ancrage de roche ou similaire |
DE3532070A1 (de) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-03-26 | Bwz Berg Ind Tech | Gebirgsanker, insbesondere fuer den bergbau |
US4697960A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1987-10-06 | Cominco Ltd. | Method and apparatus for anchoring rock bolts and cables |
FR2614069A1 (fr) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-10-21 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Ancre de retenue de terrain pour consolider des galeries et des espaces dans des exploitations minieres et des tunnels |
-
1990
- 1990-01-22 AU AU48678/90A patent/AU4867890A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-01-22 EP EP19900300610 patent/EP0379388A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4589803A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1986-05-20 | Totten Iii Arthur B | Method and apparatus for installing mine roof supports |
DE3434020A1 (de) * | 1984-09-15 | 1986-03-27 | Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel | Nachgiebiger gebirgsanker |
EP0196451A1 (fr) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-10-08 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft | Elément de tension pour un boulon d'ancrage de roche ou similaire |
US4697960A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1987-10-06 | Cominco Ltd. | Method and apparatus for anchoring rock bolts and cables |
DE3532070A1 (de) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-03-26 | Bwz Berg Ind Tech | Gebirgsanker, insbesondere fuer den bergbau |
FR2614069A1 (fr) * | 1987-04-18 | 1988-10-21 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Ancre de retenue de terrain pour consolider des galeries et des espaces dans des exploitations minieres et des tunnels |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1993003256A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-26 | 1993-02-18 | J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. | Cheville de fixation en forme de cable |
US5570976A (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1996-11-05 | J.J.P. Geotechnical Engineering Pty. Ltd. | Cable bolt |
WO1993012324A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-19 | 1993-06-24 | Bridon, Plc | Boulons d'ancrage souples |
US5458442A (en) * | 1991-12-19 | 1995-10-17 | Bridon Plc | Flexible roof bolt |
WO2008128301A1 (fr) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-10-30 | Onesteel Wire Pty Limited | Renforcement de formations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0379388A3 (fr) | 1991-03-13 |
AU4867890A (en) | 1990-07-26 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19910914 |