EP0375803A1 - Abrasive body - Google Patents

Abrasive body Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0375803A1
EP0375803A1 EP88121884A EP88121884A EP0375803A1 EP 0375803 A1 EP0375803 A1 EP 0375803A1 EP 88121884 A EP88121884 A EP 88121884A EP 88121884 A EP88121884 A EP 88121884A EP 0375803 A1 EP0375803 A1 EP 0375803A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fillers
abrasive
denotes
grinding
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP88121884A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Volker Dr. Selgrad
Friedrich Dr. Sladky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG
Original Assignee
Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG filed Critical Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG
Priority to EP88121884A priority Critical patent/EP0375803A1/en
Priority to EP19890111276 priority patent/EP0379633A3/en
Priority to US07/457,953 priority patent/US5116392A/en
Priority to JP1338836A priority patent/JPH02289672A/en
Priority to CA002006775A priority patent/CA2006775A1/en
Publication of EP0375803A1 publication Critical patent/EP0375803A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/346—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised during polishing, or grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an abrasive body with abrasive grain, such as corundum, a binder which is a curable organic or inorganic system, for example plastic, such as phenolic resin, and fillers which are at least partially abrasive.
  • abrasive grain such as corundum
  • a binder which is a curable organic or inorganic system, for example plastic, such as phenolic resin, and fillers which are at least partially abrasive.
  • additives in the grinding media that either improve the adhesion of the abrasive grain in the bond (adhesion promoters, e.g. silanes or coatings that improve adhesion, e.g. frits with melted metal oxides, ceramic coatings, etc.).
  • additives make production easier, for example, either by improving the flowability of the abrasive material or by reducing the internal friction during pressing.
  • Halides e.g. lead chloride, fluorspar, cryolite, etc.
  • chalcogenides e.g. pyrite antimony sulfides, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, selenides, tellurides, etc.
  • low-melting metals e.g. lead, tin, low-melting mixture metals
  • high pressure lubricants e.g. graphite, boron nitride
  • an optimal abrasive filler must have favorable transition temperatures, favorable film-forming properties and chemically reactive cleavage products, that it and its secondary products should have the lowest possible toxicity and therefore high MAK values, that it should be inexpensive and that it should be processed in abrasive products must be possible.
  • the applicant's AT-PS 366 944 discloses the use of hygroscopic fillers which have very good grinding properties.
  • the disadvantage of these fillers is that in practice they have to be encased, which on the one hand is labor-intensive and thus expensive and on the other hand reduces the volume of the active grinding fillers which can be introduced into the grinding compound.
  • a special object of the invention is to introduce fillers into an abrasive body of the type mentioned at the beginning which have the same effect as toxic fillers, e.g. Have lead, as well as the grinding active cooling properties of hygroscopic fillers e.g. ZnCl2 without being hygroscopic.
  • chlorides are provided which are not hygroscopic. Expensive protective measures such as coating with organic substances can therefore be dispensed with. As already mentioned, this also has the advantage that there is more grinding-active filler in the grinding compound per unit mass. Due to the limited ability to bind and the amount of phenolic resin, it is not possible to incorporate unlimited amounts of fillers into the abrasive compound. The volume of the grinding-active fillers in the grinding wheel is therefore reduced by a casing.
  • the filler according to the invention is described in its use in a conventional phenolic resin-bonded grinding wheel with corundum as the abrasive grain.
  • three metal salts were fused together, ground and sieved to create the filler according to the invention, namely the salts were melted and the molten liquid was poured onto a metal plate, where it cooled very quickly, and after hardening, the mixture was ground to obtain the to form new filler.
  • the preferred grinding mixture for a cutting wheel for cutting structural steel is a mixture of 70% by weight KCl and 10% by weight of ZnS and 10% by weight MnS. The particles were melted. The melted mass, which was then hardened on a steel plate, was ground in a cross beater mill and sieved to a fineness of 24 o mesh US standard (63 my).
  • a first disc was produced, in which lead chloride (Pb Cl2) was used as the only grinding active filler in a conventional manner.
  • This grinding wheel was the directional grinding wheel in relation to which the results of the other grinding wheels were measured.
  • a second grinding wheel was also produced in a conventional manner, K2 Mn Cl4 being introduced as a hygroscopic, non-toxic, active filler.
  • a third cutting disc was provided with the filler according to the invention described above.
  • the cutting discs were manufactured as shown below.
  • the mass of the binders used in these three cutting discs consisted of phenolic resin and the fillers.
  • the phenolic resin was split. 82% by volume of the total phenolic resin was used in the form of a novolak hexa mixture and the rest in the form of a liquid resol.
  • binder mixture which consists of the dry resin powder and the fillers.
  • the binder mixture compositions for the three disks were as follows:
  • Dry binder mixtures were prepared by mixing the above components.
  • the grinding wheel mixture was made by placing the corundum in a mixer.
  • the liquid phenol resol was poured onto the corundum and the mixer was operated until the corundum grains were coated with the liquid resol.
  • the premixed powdered binder mixture was placed in a second mixer and the abrasive grain wetted with liquid resin was mixed in until all of the abrasive grains were coated.
  • the mixture was then sieved to order Remove lumps and stored for twelve hours.
  • the deposited mixture was pressed into disks with a diameter of 600 mm and a thickness of 7.5 mm.
  • Two type 93160 reinforcement fabrics were placed in each pane.
  • the slices were then hardened for 36 hours, the max. Temperature of 175 ° was maintained for six hours.
  • the hardened disks were subjected to an explosive test and checked for imbalance and dimensions. All discs corresponded to the standard values.
  • the filler according to the invention gives the lead chloride equivalent performance factors with the same cut quality and about 36% better results than with hygroscopic manganese fillers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

An abrasive having abrasive particles, such as corundum, a binder which is a curable organic or inorganic system, for example plastic, such as phenol resin, and abrasion-active fillers. Novel economical fillers with low toxicity are introduced into the abrasive, these being metal complex salts having the following composition: uM1 . vM2 . wHal . xChal . zPh in which M1 denotes a pure metal or a mixture of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and/or Al, M2 denotes a pure metal or a mixture of Zn, Mn or Fe, except for Fe as chloride, Hal denotes pure halogen or a mixture of F, Cl, Br and I, Chal denotes chalcogenides, O and/or S, Ph denotes phosphate or phosphates having a high degree of condensation, PrOs (r = 1 - 10, preferably 1 - 2, s = 4 - 20, preferably 4 - 7), u, v, w, x or z denotes 0 - 95% and the sum of u and v denotes 1 - 95%, preferably 20 - 80%, and the sum of w, x and z denotes 1 - 95%, preferably 20 - 80%, and the sum of u, v, w, x and z is 100%. The fillers are fused or sintered with one another.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Schleifkörper mit Schleifkorn, wie Korund, einem Bindemittel, welches ein härtbares organisches oder anorganisches System, bei­spielsweise Kunststoff, wie Phenolharz, ist und Füllstof­fen, die zumindestens zum Teil schleifaktiv sind.The invention relates to an abrasive body with abrasive grain, such as corundum, a binder which is a curable organic or inorganic system, for example plastic, such as phenolic resin, and fillers which are at least partially abrasive.

Die Verwendung von Füllstoffen in Schleifkörpern ist be­kannt. Dabei umfaßt der Begriff Füllstoffe in der Schleif­mittelindustrie praktisch folgende drei Begriffe:

  • 1. Füllstoffe im klassischen bzw. üblichen Sinn zur Ver­füllung von Kunststoffen.
    Diese haben folgende Wirkungen:
    a) Harzersparnis und damit eine Verbilligung des Harz­systems und damit des Schleifkörpers.
    b) Verfestigungswirkungen (Armierungswirkung) und damit eine Erhöhung der Festigkeit des Bindungssteges zwi­schen den Schleifkörnern. Dies bewirkt eine Erhöhung des "Sprengwertes" (Bruchumfangsgeschwindigkeit), der Schleifhärte, der Seitensteifigkeit usw. des Schleifkörpers.
    c) Herabsetzen der Festigkeit des Bindungssteges und damit Erzielung einer weicheren Bindung und eines milderen Schliffes. Abgestumpfte Schleifkörner bre­chen leichter aus, die Selbstschärfeigenschaften der Schleifkörper werden verbessert, jedoch nimmt auch der Scheibenverschleiß zu.
    Bei manchen Füllstoffen treten Wirkungen a) und b) bzw. a) und c) gemeinsam auf. Beispiele für solche Füllstoffe sind: Holzmehl, Kokosnußschalenmehl, Gesteinsmehl, Krei­de, Ton, Feldspate, Kaolin, Quarz, Glaskurzfasern, Glas­kugeln (Ballotini), oberflächenbehandeltes Feinkorn (Sili­ciumkarbid, Korund usw.), Bimsstein, Korkpulver usw.
    Gemeinsam ist diesen Füllstoffen, daß sie "schleifin­aktiv" sind, d.h. daß sich beim Schleifprozeß keine diesen Vorgang positiv beeinflußenden chemischen und physikalischen Reaktionen abspielen.
  • 2. Füllstoffe, die den Verarbeitungsprozeß, insbesondere die thermische Aushärtung der Kunstharze beeinflußen, z.B. Magnesiumoxyd, Calciumoxyd.
  • 3. "Schleifaktive Füllstoffe". Diese bewirken beim Schleif­prozeß chemische und physikalische Vorgänge, welche das Schleifverhalten positiv beeinflussen. Insbesondere sollen diese Füllstoffe Standzeiterhöhungen des Schleif­werkzeuges und die Herabsetzung der Erwärmung von Werk­stück und Schleifkörper und damit die Vermeidung ther­mischer Zerstörungen, insbesondere beim Trockenschliff bewirken. Bei manchen schwierig zu zerspanenden Werk­stoffen, z.B. unlegierten, niedriggekohlten Stählen oder Titan, sind diese Füllstoffe die Voraussetzung für eine wirtschaftliche Bearbeitung.
    Selbstverständlich können die schleifaktiven Füllstoffe auch Wirkungen der unter 1. und 2. erwähnten Füllstoffe (Erhöhung oder Herabsetzung der Festigkeit, Beeinflus­sung des Aushärtungsprozesses usw.) aufweisen.
The use of fillers in grinding wheels is known. The term fillers in the abrasive industry practically comprises the following three terms:
  • 1. Fillers in the classic or customary sense for backfilling plastics.
    These have the following effects:
    a) Resin savings and thus a reduction in the cost of the resin system and thus the grinding wheel.
    b) consolidation effects (reinforcement effect) and thus an increase in the strength of the binding web between the abrasive grains. This causes an increase in the "explosive value" (peripheral speed of fracture), the grinding hardness, the lateral stiffness, etc. of the grinding wheel.
    c) Reducing the strength of the binding web and thus achieving a softer bond and a milder cut. Blunted abrasive grains break out more easily, the self-sharpening properties of the abrasive particles are improved, but the wheel wear also increases.
    For some fillers, effects a) and b) or a) and c) occur together. Examples of such fillers are: wood flour, coconut shell flour, rock flour, chalk, clay, feldspar, kaolin, quartz, short glass fibers, glass balls (ballotini), surface-treated fine grain (silicon carbide, corundum, etc.), pumice stone, cork powder, etc.
    What these fillers have in common is that they are "grinding-inactive", that is to say that no chemical and physical reactions which positively influence this process take place during the grinding process.
  • 2. Fillers which influence the processing process, in particular the thermal curing of the synthetic resins, for example magnesium oxide, calcium oxide.
  • 3. "Abrasive fillers". These cause chemical and physical processes in the grinding process, which have a positive influence on the grinding behavior. In particular, these fillers are intended to increase the service life of the grinding tool and reduce the heating of the workpiece and grinding tool and thus avoid thermal damage, in particular during dry grinding. For some difficult-to-machine materials, such as unalloyed, low-carbon steels or titanium, these fillers are the prerequisite for economical processing.
    Of course, the grinding-active fillers can also have effects of the fillers mentioned under 1. and 2. (increase or decrease in strength, influencing the curing process, etc.).

Neben den erwähnten Füllstoffen gibt es noch Zusätze in den Schleifkörpern, die entweder eine verbesserte Haftung des Schleifkornes in der Bindung bewirken (Haftvermittler, z B. Silane bzw. haftverbessernde Überzüge, z.B. Fritten mit eingeschmolzenen Metalloxyden, keramische Überzüge usw.).In addition to the fillers mentioned, there are additives in the grinding media that either improve the adhesion of the abrasive grain in the bond (adhesion promoters, e.g. silanes or coatings that improve adhesion, e.g. frits with melted metal oxides, ceramic coatings, etc.).

Andere Zusätze bewirken z.B. die erleichterte Fertigung, indem sie entweder die Rieselfähigkeit der Schleifmasse verbessern oder die innere Reibung beim Pressen herabsetzen.Other additives make production easier, for example, either by improving the flowability of the abrasive material or by reducing the internal friction during pressing.

Diese Zusätze spielen außer in Sonderfällen beim Schleif­prozeß keine Rolle.Except in special cases, these additives do not play a role in the grinding process.

Die wichtigsten Füllstoffe in Schleifscheibenmassen sind die schleifaktiven Füllstoffe. Ihre Wirkungen lassen sich im allgemeinen in folgende drei Hauptgruppen unterteilen:

  • 1. Herabsetzung der Reibung zwischen Schleifkorn, Werk­stück und Spänen, d.h. die Füllstoffe bzw. ihre Folge­produkte müssen als Hochtemperatur- und Hochdruckschmier­mittel wirken. Sie können dabei einen primären Schmier­film in Form eines Schmelzfilmes (z.B. Kryolith) oder eines Feststoffschmierfilmes (Graphit, Molybdänsulfid, Bleioxyd) bilden. Es können aber auch sekundäre Filme entstehen: Metallchlorid (-sulfid) als Füllstoff → Chlor- (Schwefel-) -abspaltung → Metallchlorid (-sulfid) des geschliffenen Werkstoffes.
  • 2. Schutzwirkungen durch Bilden von primären bzw. sekun­dären Oberflächenfilmen auf Korn, Werkstück und Spänen (analog Punkt 1.). Dadurch werden Kornzerstörungen durch Diffusionsvorgänge (z.B.Spinellbildung beim Schleifen von Eisenwerkstoffen mit Korund), Aufbau­schneiden am Korn und Wiederaufschweißeffekte (Späne und Werkstoff) vermieden.
  • 3. Kühleffekte im Mikrobereich durch hohe Schmelz-, Ver­dampfungs- und Umwandlungswärmen und temperaturmäßig günstig gelegene thermische Umwandlungspunkte.
The most important fillers in grinding wheel materials are the grinding-active fillers. Their effects can generally be divided into the following three main groups:
  • 1. Reduction of the friction between abrasive grain, workpiece and chips, ie the fillers or their secondary products must act as high-temperature and high-pressure lubricants. You can form a primary lubrication film in the form of a melt film (eg cryolite) or a solid lubrication film (graphite, molybdenum sulfide, lead oxide). Secondary films can also occur: metal chloride (sulfide) as filler → chlorine (sulfur) elimination → metal chloride (sulfide) of the ground material.
  • 2. Protective effects by forming primary or secondary surface films on grain, workpiece and chips (analogous to point 1.). This prevents grain destruction through diffusion processes (e.g. spinel formation when grinding ferrous materials with corundum), built-up edges on the grain and re-welding effects (chips and material).
  • 3. Cooling effects in the micro range due to high heat of melting, evaporation and transformation and temperature-favorable thermal transformation points.

Als besonders schleifaktiv haben sich beispielsweise Halo­genide (z.B. Bleichlorid, Flußspat, Kryolith usw.), Chalkogenide (z.B. Pyrit Antimonsulfide, Zinksulfid, Molybdänsulfid, Selenide, Telluride usw.) niedrigschmel­zende Metalle (z.B. Blei, Zinn, niedrigschmelzende Misch­ metalle) und Hochdruckschmiermittel (z.B. Graphit, Bor­nitrid) erwiesen.Halides (e.g. lead chloride, fluorspar, cryolite, etc.), chalcogenides (e.g. pyrite antimony sulfides, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, selenides, tellurides, etc.) have proven to be particularly abrasive, for example, low-melting metals (e.g. lead, tin, low-melting mixture metals) and high pressure lubricants (e.g. graphite, boron nitride).

Als beste Füllstoffe in der Praxis bezüglich Scheibenstand­zeit und niedriger Schleiftemperatur ("kühler" Schliff) haben sich Bleichlorid und Antimontrisulfid erwiesen.The best fillers in practice with regard to wheel life and low grinding temperature ("cool" grinding) have been found to be bleaching chloride and antimony trisulfide.

Es zeigt sich, daß ein Füllstoff umso schleifaktiver ist, je niedriger seine Umwandlungstemperaturen (Schmelz-, Siede-, Sublimations-, Zersetzungspunkt) liegen, und je bessere Schmierfilme er bei Schleiftemperaturen bildet. Selbstverständlich sind diese Temperaturen nach unten durch die Verarbeitungsbedingungen beim Herstellen der Schleifkörper begrenzt. Zudem sollen bei der Zersetzung beim Schleifprozeß chemisch hochaktive Elemente bzw. Ver­bindungen frei werden, z.B. elementares Chlor, Chlorwas­serstoff, Schwefel, Schwefeldioxyd usw.It can be seen that the lower its transition temperature (melting, boiling, sublimation, decomposition point), and the better lubricating films it forms at grinding temperatures, the more grinding filler it has. Of course, these temperatures are limited downwards by the processing conditions when manufacturing the grinding wheels. In addition, chemically highly active elements or compounds should be released during the decomposition during the grinding process, e.g. elemental chlorine, hydrogen chloride, sulfur, sulfur dioxide etc.

In der Praxis sind allerdings zahlreiche Substanzen nicht oder nur unter besonderen Voraussetzungen einsetzbar, weil sie teuer (Edelmetall-Halogenide, Molybdänsulfid) bzw. toxisch (Arsen-, Selen-, Blei-Verbindungen) sind, die Scheibenfestigkeit herabsetzen (z.B. Graphit, Schwefel) bzw. hygroskopisch oder zumindest leicht wasserlöslich (zahlreiche Chloride) sind bzw. mit dem ungehärteten Phenolharzsystem stark reagieren ( hygroskopische Chlori­de).In practice, however, numerous substances cannot be used or can only be used under special conditions because they are expensive (precious metal halides, molybdenum sulfide) or toxic (arsenic, selenium, lead compounds), which reduce the strength of the glass (e.g. graphite, sulfur) or are hygroscopic or at least slightly water-soluble (numerous chlorides) or react strongly with the uncured phenolic resin system (hygroscopic chlorides).

Zusammenfassend kann also gesagt werden, daß ein optimaler schleifaktiver Füllstoff günstige Umwandlungstemperaturen günstige Filmbildungseigenschaften und chemisch reaktive Abspaltungsprodukte aufweisen muß, daß er und seine Folge­produkte möglichst geringe Toxizität und damit hohe MAK-­Werte aufweisen sollen, daß er kostengünstig sein soll und daß seine Verarbeitung in Schleifkörpern möglich sein muß.In summary, it can be said that an optimal abrasive filler must have favorable transition temperatures, favorable film-forming properties and chemically reactive cleavage products, that it and its secondary products should have the lowest possible toxicity and therefore high MAK values, that it should be inexpensive and that it should be processed in abrasive products must be possible.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, neue schleifaktive Füll­stoffe zu einem niederen Preis zum Einsatz zu bringen, die sich durch niedrige Toxizität und hohe MAK-Werte aus­zeichnen.It is an object of the invention to use new grinding-active fillers at a low price, which are characterized by low toxicity and high MAK values.

Aus der AT-PS 366 944 der Anmelderin ist die Verwendung hygroskopischer Füllstoffe bekannt, die sehr gute schleif­aktive Eigenschaften aufweisen. Der Nachteil dieser Füll­stoffe ist der, daß sie in der Praxis ummantelt werden müssen, was einerseits arbeitsaufwendig und somit teuer ist und durch die Ummantelung andererseits das Volumen der in die Schleifmasse einbringbaren schleifaktiven Füll­stoffe reduziert.The applicant's AT-PS 366 944 discloses the use of hygroscopic fillers which have very good grinding properties. The disadvantage of these fillers is that in practice they have to be encased, which on the one hand is labor-intensive and thus expensive and on the other hand reduces the volume of the active grinding fillers which can be introduced into the grinding compound.

Spezielle Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, in einen Schleif­körper der eingangs erwähnten Art Füllstoffe einzubringen, die dieselbe Wirkung wie toxische Füllstoffe, z.B. Blei aufweisen, ebenso die schleifaktiven kühlenden Eigenschaf­ten hygroskopischer Füllstoffe z.B. ZnCl₂, ohne dabei hygroskopisch zu sein.A special object of the invention is to introduce fillers into an abrasive body of the type mentioned at the beginning which have the same effect as toxic fillers, e.g. Have lead, as well as the grinding active cooling properties of hygroscopic fillers e.g. ZnCl₂ without being hygroscopic.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß mindestens ein Teil der schleifaktiven Füllstoffe Metallkomplexsalze mit folgendem Aufbau sind:
uM₁ . vM₂ . wHal . xChal . zPh
M₁ = reines Metall oder Gemisch aus Alkali Erdalkali und/­oder Al
M₂ = reines Metall oder Gemisch aus Zn, Mn, Fe außer Fe als Chlorid
Hal = reines Halogen oder Gemisch von F, Cl, Br, J
Chal = Chalkogenid O (Sauerstoff) und/oder S (Schwefel)
Ph = Phosphat bzw. höher kondensierte Phosphate
PrOs (r = 1 - 10, vorzüglich 1 - 2,
s = 4 - 20, vorzüglich 4 - 7)
u, v, w, x oder z = 0 - 95% und die Summe aus u und v
1 - 95% vorzugsweise 20 - 80% und die Summe aus w, x und
z 1 - 95% vorzugsweise 20 - 80%
bedeuten, daß die Summe aus u, v, w, x, z 100% ist und daß diese Füllstoffe miteinander verschmolzen oder ge­sintert sind.This is achieved according to the invention in that at least some of the grinding-active fillers are metal complex salts with the following structure:
uM₁. vM₂. wHal. xChal. zPh
M₁ = pure metal or mixture of alkali earth alkali and / or Al
M₂ = pure metal or mixture of Zn, Mn, Fe except Fe as chloride
Hal = pure halogen or mixture of F, Cl, Br, J
Chal = chalcogenide O (oxygen) and / or S (sulfur)
Ph = phosphate or higher condensed phosphates
P r O s (r = 1 - 10, excellent 1 - 2,
s = 4 - 20, especially 4 - 7)
u, v, w, x or z = 0 - 95% and the sum of u and v
1 - 95% preferably 20 - 80% and the sum of w, x and
z 1 - 95% preferably 20 - 80%
mean that the sum of u, v, w, x, z is 100% and that these fillers are fused together or sintered.

Die angegebenen Prozentwerte sind, wie auch in der folgen­den Beschreibung, falls nicht ausdrücklich anders angege­ben, Gewichtsprozente.The percentages given, as in the description below, are percentages by weight, unless expressly stated otherwise.

Erfindungsgemäß werden Chloride zur Verfügung gestellt, die nicht hygroskopisch sind. Man kann daher auf teure Schutzmaßnahmen wie die Ummantelung mit organischen Sub­stanzen verzichten. Dies bringt, wie bereits erwähnt, auch den Vorteil mit sich, daß pro Masseeinheit mehr schleifaktiver Füllstoff in der Schleifmasse ist. Durch die begrenzte Bindefähigkeit und Menge Phenolharz ist es nicht möglich, unbegrenzte Mengen von Füllstoffen in die Schleifmasse einzubinden. Durch eine Ummantelung wird da­her das Volumen der schleifaktiven Füllstoffe in der Schleifscheibe herabgesetzt.According to the invention, chlorides are provided which are not hygroscopic. Expensive protective measures such as coating with organic substances can therefore be dispensed with. As already mentioned, this also has the advantage that there is more grinding-active filler in the grinding compound per unit mass. Due to the limited ability to bind and the amount of phenolic resin, it is not possible to incorporate unlimited amounts of fillers into the abrasive compound. The volume of the grinding-active fillers in the grinding wheel is therefore reduced by a casing.

Anschließend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is described below.

Der erfindungsgemäße Füllstoff wird in seiner Verwendung in einer herkömmlichen phenolharzgebundenen Trennschleif­scheibe mit Korund als Schleifkorn beschrieben. Im erfin­dungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel wurden drei Metallsalze miteinander verschmolzen, gemahlen und gesiebt, um den erfindungsgemäßen Füllstoff zu schaffen und zwar wurden die Salze geschmolzen und die Schmelzflüssigkeit auf eine Metalltafel gegossen, wo sie sehr schnell abkühlte, und nach der Erhärtung wurde die Mischung gemahlen, um den neuen Füllstoff zu bilden.The filler according to the invention is described in its use in a conventional phenolic resin-bonded grinding wheel with corundum as the abrasive grain. In the exemplary embodiment according to the invention, three metal salts were fused together, ground and sieved to create the filler according to the invention, namely the salts were melted and the molten liquid was poured onto a metal plate, where it cooled very quickly, and after hardening, the mixture was ground to obtain the to form new filler.

Die bevorzugte Schleifmischung für eine Trennschleifschei­be zum Schneiden von Baustahl ist eine Mischung von 70 Gew.% KCl und 10 Gew.% von ZnS und 10 Gew.% MnS. Die Par­tikel wurden geschmolzen. Die geschmolzene und anschließend auf einer Stahltafel erhärtete Masse wurde in einer Schlag­kreuzmühle gemahlen und auf eine Feinheit von 24o mesh US-Standard (63 my) gesiebt.The preferred grinding mixture for a cutting wheel for cutting structural steel is a mixture of 70% by weight KCl and 10% by weight of ZnS and 10% by weight MnS. The particles were melted. The melted mass, which was then hardened on a steel plate, was ground in a cross beater mill and sieved to a fineness of 24 o mesh US standard (63 my).

Drei Trennscheiben wurden hergestellt.Three cutting discs were made.

Eine erste Scheibe wurde hergestellt, bei der in herkömm­licher Weise Bleichlorid (Pb Cl₂) als einziger schleifak­tiver Füllstoff verwendet wurde. Diese Schleifscheibe war die Richtschleifscheibe im Verhältnis zu der die Ergebnis­se der anderen Schleifscheiben gemessen wurden.A first disc was produced, in which lead chloride (Pb Cl₂) was used as the only grinding active filler in a conventional manner. This grinding wheel was the directional grinding wheel in relation to which the results of the other grinding wheels were measured.

Eine zweite Schleifscheibe wurde ebenso in herkömmlicher Weise hergestellt, wobei K₂ Mn Cl₄ als hygroskopischer, nicht toxischer, aktiver Füllstoff eingebracht wurde.A second grinding wheel was also produced in a conventional manner, K₂ Mn Cl₄ being introduced as a hygroscopic, non-toxic, active filler.

Eine dritte Trennscheibe wurde mit dem oben beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Füllstoff versehen.A third cutting disc was provided with the filler according to the invention described above.

Die Herstellung der Trennscheiben erfolgte wie unten ange­führt. Die Masse der in diesen drei Trennscheiben verwen­deten Bindemittel bestand aus Phenolharz und den Füllstof­fen. Das Phenolharz wurde geteilt. 82 Vol.% des gesamten Phenolharzes wurden in der Form einer Novolakhexamischung verwendet und der Rest in der Form eines flüssigen Resols.The cutting discs were manufactured as shown below. The mass of the binders used in these three cutting discs consisted of phenolic resin and the fillers. The phenolic resin was split. 82% by volume of the total phenolic resin was used in the form of a novolak hexa mixture and the rest in the form of a liquid resol.

Zuerst wurde die Bindemittelmischung hergestellt, welche aus dem trockenen Harzpulver und den Füllstoffen besteht. Die Zusammensetzungen der Bindemittelmischungen für die drei Scheiben waren die folgenden:First the binder mixture was made, which consists of the dry resin powder and the fillers. The binder mixture compositions for the three disks were as follows:

Bindemittel mit FüllstoffBinder with filler

Tabelle ITable I Materialmaterial 1.Scheibe1st slice 2.Scheibe2nd disc 3.Scheibe3rd disc PhenolharzpulverPhenolic resin powder 100,0100.0 100,0100.0 100,0100.0 Pb Cl ₂Pb Cl ₂ 75,275.2 ------ ------ K₂ Mn Cl₄K₂ Mn Cl₄ ------ 52,152.1 ------ geschmolzene Mischung aus 4 KCl·MnS·ZnSmolten mixture of 4 KCl · MnS · ZnS ------ ------ 48,548.5 Zahlenangaben in Gewichtseinheiten.Figures in units of weight.

Durch Mischung der obgenannten Bestandteile wurden trocke­ne Bindemittelmischungen hergestellt.Dry binder mixtures were prepared by mixing the above components.

Nächste Stufe war die Herstellung einer Schleifscheiben­mischung aus Korund, Flüssigharz und der Bindemittelmi­schung. Die Schleifscheibenmischung für die drei Trenn­scheiben ist unten angegeben. Tabelle II Material 1.Scheibe 2.Scheibe 3.Scheibe Korund 74,41 74,69 74,77 Flüssiges Phenolresol 2,34 2,35 2,35 Pulverförmige Bindung 23,25 22,96 22,88 The next stage was the production of a grinding wheel mixture made of corundum, liquid resin and the binder mixture. The grinding wheel mix for the three cutting wheels is given below. Table II material 1st slice 2nd disc 3rd disc corundum 74.41 74.69 74.77 Liquid phenol resol 2.34 2.35 2.35 Powdery bond 23.25 22.96 22.88

Die Schleifscheibenmischung wurde dadurch hergestellt, daß der Korund in einen Mischer gegeben wurde. Das flüs­sige Phenolresol wurde auf den Korund geschüttet und der Mischer so lange betrieben, bis die Korundkörner mit dem flüssigen Resol überzogen waren. Die vorgemischte, pulverförmige Bindemittelmischung wurde in einen zweiten Mischer gegeben und das mit Flüssigharz benetzte Schleif­korn eingemischt, bis alle Schleifkörner mit einem Mantel überzogen waren. Die Mischung wurde dann gesiebt, um Klumpen zu entfernen, und zwölf Stunden gelagert. Die ab­gelagerte Mischung wurde in Scheiben mit einem Durchmes­ser von 600 mm und einer Stärke von 7,5 mm gepreßt. In jede Scheibe wurden zwei Armierungsgewebe vom Typ 93160 eingelegt. Die Scheiben wurden dann 36 Stunden lang ge­härtet, wobei die max. Temperatur von 175° während sechs Stunden gehalten wurde. Die gehärteten Scheiben wurden einer Sprengprüfung unterzogen und in bezug auf Unwucht und Abmessungen geprüft. Sämtliche Scheiben entsprachen den Standardwerten.The grinding wheel mixture was made by placing the corundum in a mixer. The liquid phenol resol was poured onto the corundum and the mixer was operated until the corundum grains were coated with the liquid resol. The premixed powdered binder mixture was placed in a second mixer and the abrasive grain wetted with liquid resin was mixed in until all of the abrasive grains were coated. The mixture was then sieved to order Remove lumps and stored for twelve hours. The deposited mixture was pressed into disks with a diameter of 600 mm and a thickness of 7.5 mm. Two type 93160 reinforcement fabrics were placed in each pane. The slices were then hardened for 36 hours, the max. Temperature of 175 ° was maintained for six hours. The hardened disks were subjected to an explosive test and checked for imbalance and dimensions. All discs corresponded to the standard values.

Die Schleiftests erfolgten auf einer Rico-Trennmaschine bei einer Umfanggeschwindigkeit von 80 m/sec. Geschnitten wurde Baustahl CK-45 mit einem Querschnitt von 80 x 80 mm. Mit jeder Trennscheibe wurden 20 Schnitte gemacht. Die Trennrate betrug 6,4 cm²/sec. Die Scheibenabnützung und die Schleifleistung wurden gemessen. Der Leistungsfaktor G wurde kalkuliert als Schleifverhältnis = getrennter Materialquerschnitt
Flächenverschleiß der Scheibe.
Die Schleifergebnisse dieser drei Trennscheiben sind in der Tabelle III angeführt. Tabelle III Scheibe Nr. Füllm. Leistungsfaktor G Verfärbung Trennrate cm²/S Hygroskopie 1.Scheibe PbCl₂ 100% blank 6,4 nicht hygroskopisch 2.Scheibe K₂MnCl₄ 7o% blank 6,4 hygroskopisch 3.Scheibe 4KCl·MnS·ZnS 95% blank 6,4 nicht hygroskopisch The grinding tests were carried out on a Rico cutting machine at a peripheral speed of 80 m / sec. Structural steel CK-45 was cut with a cross section of 80 x 80 mm. 20 cuts were made with each cutting disc. The separation rate was 6.4 cm² / sec. Disc wear and grinding performance were measured. The power factor G was calculated as the grinding ratio = separate material cross-section
Surface wear of the disc.
The grinding results of these three cutting discs are shown in Table III. Table III Disc No. Filling Power factor G Discoloration Separation rate cm² / S Hygroscopy 1st slice PbCl₂ 100% bare 6.4 not hygroscopic 2nd disc K₂MnCl₄ 7o% bare 6.4 hygroscopic 3rd disc 4KCl · MnS · ZnS 95% bare 6.4 not hygroscopic

Nachfolgend weitere Beispiele für erfindungsgemäße Füll­stoffrezepturen:Below are further examples of filler formulations according to the invention:

Beispiele:Examples:

4KCl . ZnS
4KCl . MnS
6KCl . MnS . Zn₂P₂O₇
4KCl . Zn₂P₂O₇
6KCl . ZnS . MnCl₂ . Zn₂P₂O₇
Wie die Tabelle zeigt, erhält man mit dem erfindungsge­mäßen Füllstoff dem Bleichlorid gleichwertige Leistungs­faktoren bei gleicher Schnittqualität und um ca. 36% bessere Resultate als mit hygroskopischen Manganfüll­stoffen.4KCl. ZnS
4KCl. MnS
6KCl. MnS. Zn₂P₂O₇
4KCl. Zn₂P₂O₇
6KCl. ZnS. MnCl₂. Zn₂P₂O₇
As the table shows, the filler according to the invention gives the lead chloride equivalent performance factors with the same cut quality and about 36% better results than with hygroscopic manganese fillers.

Claims (10)

1. Schleifkörper mit Schleifkorn, wie Korund, einem Binde­mittel, welches ein härtbares organisches oder anorga­nisches System, beispielsweise Kunststoff, wie Phenol­harz, ist und Füllstoffen die zumindestens zum Teil schleifaktiv sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß minde­stens ein Teil der schleifaktiven Füllstoffe Metallkom­plexsalze mit folgendem Aufbau sind:
uM₁ . vM₂ . wHal . xChal . zPh
wobei:
M₁ = reines Metall oder Gemisch aus Alkali Erdalkali und/oder Al
M₂ = reines Metall oder Gemisch aus Zn, Mn, Fe außer Fe als Chlorid
Hal = reines Halogen oder Gemisch von F, Cl, Br, J
Chal = Chalkogenide, O und/oder S
Ph = Phospat bzw. höher kondensierte Phosphate
PrOs (r = 1 - 10, vorzüglich 1 - 2,
s = 4 - 20, vorzüglich 4 - 7)
u, v, w, x, oder z = 0 - 95% und die Summe aus
u und v 1 - 95% vorzugsweise 20 - 80% und die Summe aus
w, x und z 1 - 95% vorzugsweise 20 - 80%
bedeuten, daß die Summe aus u,v,w,x,z 100% ist und daß diese Füllstoffe miteinander verschmolzen oder gesin­tert sind.1. Abrasive grit with abrasive grain, such as corundum, a binder which is a curable organic or inorganic system, for example plastic, such as phenolic resin, and fillers which are at least partially abrasive, characterized in that at least some of the abrasive fillers contain metal complex salts with the following structure are:
uM₁. vM₂. wHal. xChal. zPh
in which:
M₁ = pure metal or mixture of alkali earth alkali and / or Al
M₂ = pure metal or mixture of Zn, Mn, Fe except Fe as chloride
Hal = pure halogen or mixture of F, Cl, Br, J
Chal = chalcogenides, O and / or S
Ph = phosphate or higher condensed phosphates
P r O s (r = 1 - 10, excellent 1 - 2,
s = 4 - 20, especially 4 - 7)
u, v, w, x, or z = 0 - 95% and the sum of
u and v 1-95%, preferably 20-80% and the sum of
w, x and z 1 - 95% preferably 20 - 80%
mean that the sum of u, v, w, x, z is 100% and that these fillers are fused together or sintered. 2. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß M₁ Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca oder Al ist.2. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that M₁ is Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca or Al. 3. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß M₂ Zn, Mn oder Fe ist.3. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that M₂ is Zn, Mn or Fe. 4. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hal F oder Cl ist.4. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that the Hal is F or Cl. 5. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Chal O oder S ist.5. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that Chal is O or S. 6. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Ph = PO₄ oder P₂O₇ ist.6. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that Ph = PO₄ or P₂O₇. 7. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schleifaktiven Füllstoffe Metallkomplexsalze mit folgendem Aufbau sind:
mK Cl . nMn S . p Zn₂P₂O₇ .
wobei m, n, p = 1 - 95% und die Summe aus m, n, p 100% ist.7. Grinding body according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding active fillers are metal complex salts with the following structure:
mK Cl. nMn S. p Zn₂P₂O₇.
where m, n, p = 1-95% and the sum of m, n, p is 100%. 8. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schleifaktiven Füllstoffe Metallkomplexsalze mit folgendem Aufbau sind:
mK Cl + n Zn S + pMn₂P₂O₇ .
wobei m, n, p = 1 - 95% ist.8. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive fillers are metal complex salts with the following structure:
mK Cl + n Zn S + pMn₂P₂O₇.
where m, n, p = 1-95%. 9. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schleifaktiven Füllstoffe Metallkomplexsalze mit folgendem Aufbau sind:
mK Cl . nMn S
wobei m, n = 1 - 95%, vorzugsweise 20 - 80% bedeuten.9. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding active fillers are metal complex salts with the following structure:
mK Cl. nMn S
where m, n = 1-95%, preferably 20-80%. 1o. Schleifkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die schleifaktiven Füllstoffe Metallkomplexsalze mit folgendem Aufbau sind. mK Cl . n Zn S
wobei m, n = 1 - 95 %, vorzugsweise 20 - 80% bedeuten.1o. Abrasive body according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive fillers are metal complex salts with the following structure. mK Cl. n Zn S
where m, n = 1-95%, preferably 20-80%.
EP88121884A 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Abrasive body Withdrawn EP0375803A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88121884A EP0375803A1 (en) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Abrasive body
EP19890111276 EP0379633A3 (en) 1988-12-30 1989-06-21 Abrasive means
US07/457,953 US5116392A (en) 1988-12-30 1989-12-27 Abrasive article and abrasive
JP1338836A JPH02289672A (en) 1988-12-30 1989-12-28 Grindstone and abrasive material
CA002006775A CA2006775A1 (en) 1988-12-30 1989-12-28 Abrasive article and abrasive

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88121884A EP0375803A1 (en) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Abrasive body

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EP19890111276 Withdrawn EP0379633A3 (en) 1988-12-30 1989-06-21 Abrasive means

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0482412A2 (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-04-29 Norton Company Abrasive product and method of its use

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5110321A (en) * 1990-02-13 1992-05-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasives containing ammonium fluoride-based grinding aid

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2657881A1 (en) * 1976-12-21 1978-06-22 Sia Schweizer Schmirgel & Schl ABRASIVES
EP0044028A1 (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-01-20 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Chlorofluor ferrate (II, III), process for its production, its use and a grinding wheel containing chlorofluor ferrate
AT366944B (en) * 1980-04-01 1982-05-25 Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif ABRASIVE BODY WITH ABRASIVE GRAIN
EP0070520A2 (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-01-26 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG Abrasive body
EP0008697B1 (en) * 1978-08-14 1983-04-27 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Use of alkali chloroferrate (ii,iii) as filler for grinding discs and grinding disc containing said filler

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CH402644A (en) * 1962-05-14 1965-11-15 Freudenberg Carl Fa Abrasive and polishing material
GB1036888A (en) * 1962-07-06 1966-07-20 Carborundum Co Improvements in abrasive articles
US3541739A (en) * 1968-07-16 1970-11-24 English Abrasives Ltd Coated abrasive containing an over-size layer of a metal halide
US4609381A (en) * 1984-12-13 1986-09-02 Norton Company Grinding aid
JPH0655659B2 (en) * 1985-04-10 1994-07-27 ライオン株式会社 Method for manufacturing toothpaste
DE3543023A1 (en) * 1985-12-05 1987-06-11 Heinz Dr Frensch Grinding and/or polishing agent, its manufacture and use

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2657881A1 (en) * 1976-12-21 1978-06-22 Sia Schweizer Schmirgel & Schl ABRASIVES
EP0008697B1 (en) * 1978-08-14 1983-04-27 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Use of alkali chloroferrate (ii,iii) as filler for grinding discs and grinding disc containing said filler
AT366944B (en) * 1980-04-01 1982-05-25 Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif ABRASIVE BODY WITH ABRASIVE GRAIN
EP0044028A1 (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-01-20 Riedel-De Haen Aktiengesellschaft Chlorofluor ferrate (II, III), process for its production, its use and a grinding wheel containing chlorofluor ferrate
EP0070520A2 (en) * 1981-07-20 1983-01-26 Tyrolit Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG Abrasive body

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0482412A2 (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-04-29 Norton Company Abrasive product and method of its use
EP0482412B1 (en) * 1990-10-22 1995-12-06 Norton Company Abrasive product and method of its use

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EP0379633A2 (en) 1990-08-01

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