EP0367024B1 - Apparatus for the continuous casting of metals and of steel in particular - Google Patents
Apparatus for the continuous casting of metals and of steel in particular Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0367024B1 EP0367024B1 EP89119336A EP89119336A EP0367024B1 EP 0367024 B1 EP0367024 B1 EP 0367024B1 EP 89119336 A EP89119336 A EP 89119336A EP 89119336 A EP89119336 A EP 89119336A EP 0367024 B1 EP0367024 B1 EP 0367024B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- downstream
- elements
- ingot
- sides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/05—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds into moulds having adjustable walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
Definitions
- the resulting material therefore, comprises outer, intermediate and inner zones consisting of different crystals.
- the invention has also been designed for application to any mould already in operation.
- This arrangement therefore makes it possible to eliminate any preferred strip of surface solidifcation, to contain and regulate better and to make more uniform the cooling and solidification of the metallic mass, to make the crystallization homogeneous and to reduce the physical, structural and mechanical shortcomings cited above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention concerns the field of foundries and, to be more exact, an apparatus for the continuous casting of metals and, in particular but not only, steel and the formation of ingots, whether they be round or oval or have a square section or analogous sections.
- The continuous casting to which this invention can be applied may have its casting axis vertical and straight, vertical and round or horizontal or almost horizontal.
- The problems involved in the process of continuous casting of steel are well known and concern mainly the system to cool the ingot produced and may have an unfavourable effect on the quality of the materials obtained.
- In the present state of the art these problems have still not been overcome satisfactorily even where a downstream mould is employed in prolongation of the main mould itself and is cooled with water for the passage and thermal conditioning of the ingot.
- In general, when the cast metal passes into the main mould and downstream mould, it undergoes a speedy removal of heat in its zone of contact with the walls of the moulds and is thus solidified quickly.
- The solidification takes place in the form of crystals, which grow perpendicularly to the walls of the main mould and downstream mould.
- As solidification proceeds, the ingot tends at a given moment to become detached form the guiding walls, with a resulting variation in the conditions of transmission of the heat and therefore of the cooling.
- At this point, within the still molten metal of the core of the ingot the laws of crystallization vary and the nuclei of the crystallization grow in all directions, thus leading to a confused structure. The resulting material, therefore, comprises outer, intermediate and inner zones consisting of different crystals.
- In practice the progress of the solidification leads to a heterogeneous structure, which may be the cause of a great number of shortcomings such as the fragility of the ingot, the formation of cracks due to inner tensions, the presence of a central zone of scanty cohesion, etc., which have an unfavourable effect on the employment and subsequent processing of the ingot.
- In any event the casting techniques employed so far cannot remedy these shortcomings fully. The employment of the water-cooled downstream mould in its present form does not enable the outcome of the casting to be improved.
- In this connection, downstream moulds are in fact known which form ingots with a square section and downstream moulds are also known which form ingots with a round section; the former downstream moulds consist of four or more elements or plates positioned according to the sides of a square and distanced at their corners of convergence, whereas the latter downstream moulds consist of shell elements arranged along a circumference, see e.g. EP-A-0 268 143.
- In both cases the adjacent sides of the elements forming the downstream moulds are parallel to the direction of sliding of the metal and define clefts which extend along the ingot.
- These clefts obviously leave the metal, passing into the downstream mould, exposed to direct contact with the cooling fluid and therefore determine preferred continuous lengthwise strips of solidification of the metal.
- In fact, the metal solidifies along these strips more quickly than in the neighbouring zones and enhances the conditions that contribute to the variation of the structure and to impairing the homogeneous formation of the material.
- US 2,698,467 (DE 1.252.371 - Fig.3) shows in Fig.11 a downstream mould portion having helicoidal grooves in its periphery, but this patent does not teach how to adapt the dimensions of the downstream mould to the actual dimensions of the ingot so that it does not prevent separation of the downstream mould from the ingot; nor does it teach how to obtain the required pressure on the ingot so as to ensure its peripheral and dimensional continuity.
- Moreover, the elements forming the known downstream moulds are normally kept in their working arrangement by means of springs, but the springs, when at work, do not make possible the variation and adjustment of the lateral thrusts on the ingot during its formation nor the correct self-adaptation of the containing elements to the movement and shrinkage of the metal.
- Lastly, the elements of which the traditional downstream moulds consist do not enable the starter bar that draws the ingot to be readily inserted, and these elements are hard to open.
- The present invention aims, instead, to eliminate or at least to limit appreciably the above problems and shortcomings of the continuous casting of steel by means of improvements to the downstream mould itself and to the means which support move and thrust the elements forming the downstream mould.
- The invention has also been designed for application to any mould already in operation.
- For this purpose the invention concerns an apparatus for the continuous casting of steel according to the main claim, while the dependent claims describe variants of the idea of the embodiment.
- The invention is applied preferably and advantageously to downstream moulds for the casting of ingots having a round section but can be applied also to downstream moulds for the casting of ingots having a square section.
- Moreover, in either case the invention is applied to straight as well as to curved downstream moulds for the continuous casting of any type of steel and metal in general.
- The special features of this invention are therefore the provision of a mould immediately downstream of the main mould and consisting of movable, independent shell elements, the contiguous sides of which are not positioned parallel to the direction of movement of the metal, and consisting also of fluid-type actuators to operate the shell elements. The actuators can be of a pneumatic or oleodynamic type.
- Thus the clefts, which must not be eliminated and which exist between adjacent shell elements, have a disposition which is not parallel to, or else is like a spiral in relation to, the axis and surface of the ingot.
- It follows that the metal moving according to the axis of the downstream mould is exposed to direct cooling only in the zones along the segment, and for the time required, to cross the clefts and therefore to a substantially unimportant extent in relation to the length of the downstream mould and the time needed to pass through it.
- This arrangement therefore makes it possible to eliminate any preferred strip of surface solidifcation, to contain and regulate better and to make more uniform the cooling and solidification of the metallic mass, to make the crystallization homogeneous and to reduce the physical, structural and mechanical shortcomings cited above.
- Next, the employment of pneumatic actuators, on the other hand, to control the individual shell elements forming the downstream mould permits these elements to be positioned better and also makes it possible to vary, regulate and make uniform the lateral containment thrust applied to the metallic mass at any time, even when the apparatus is working, to enable the shell elements forming the downstream mould to oscillate and, not lastly, to control the opening of the downstream mould for insertion of the starter bar.
- The individual shell elements are also enabled to stay always in contact with the ingot passing through.
- The attached figures show an example of the embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, the apparatus being mainly intended for the formation of ingots having a round section in a continuous casting plant with a vertical axis. In the figures:-
- Fig. 1 shows a partial vertical section of the apparatus and, with lines of dashes, the possible oscillations of an element of a downstream mould positioned immediately downstream of the main mould;
- Fig. 2 shows a plan view of a partial section of the downstream mould.
- The apparatus according to the invention is applied by means of a support plate 11 immediately downstream of a
main ingot mould 10, which is known in itself; the apparatus comprises adownstream mould 12, pneumatic actuators 13 to actuate the downstream mould andnozzles 14 to deliver jets of water onto the surface of the downstream mould. - The latter consists of a plurality (four, for instance) of
independent shell elements 15 able to move independently of each other and to align themselves; in this case theelements 15 are arranged in a circle (Fig.2) so as to define in conjunction apipe 16 for the passage of metal coming from themain ingot mould 10, thepipe 16 being cylindrical or, preferably, tapered in a downstream direction. -
Sides 17 of eachshell element 15 are not parallel to the axis of thepipe 16 and to the direction of displacement of the metal in thedownstream mould 12. - The
sides 17 of eachshell element 15 may be oblique, straight, curved, sinusoidal or in broken lines and define, together with thesides 17 of the neighbouring shell elements 15 (Fig.1),clefts 18, which are also oblique, so as to achieve during the casting the conditions described above and to enable theindividual shell elements 15 to move and adapt themselves continuously in an independent manner. Theclefts 18 are continuous, while theshell elements 15 are independent. - Each
shell element 15 is supported and positioned by arocker lever 19, on which theshell element 15 is pivoted at 20 with the ability also to oscillate in a vertical plane. - The rocker lever 19 (Fig.1) in turn is pivoted at 21 between two
housings 22 secured to the support plate 11 and is articulated at 23 to a pneumatic control actuator 13 in such a way that to movements of thelever 19 there correspond movements of self-alignment and opening of eachshell element 15 independently of or at the same as the other shell elements. - The oscillations of each
shell element 15 on itspivot 20 are restricted, instead, byabutment screws 24 secured to the housings 22 (Fig.1). - The pneumatic actuators 13, which can also be hydraulic or of another type suitable for the purpose and which actuate the
shell elements 15 of thedownstream mould 12, consist ofpneumatic pistons 25 that operate incorresponding cylinders 26 and are fed in series and remote-controlled by an appropriate control assembly. - Each
piston 25 has the special feature of being equipped with acalibrated bore 27 for the regulated passage of air from the chamber under pressure to the chamber not under pressure within the cylinder26 and from thecylinder 26 to the return duct of the pneumatic circuit. - This makes possible a continuous exchange of air in the cylinders for the cooling of the same and mainly to avoid any overheating of the air and therefore variations of the thrust on the pistons and, through the levers, on the
shell elements 15, such variations being caused by variations in air pressure resulting from variations in the temperature of the air. - It is therefore possible to set and keep constant in the long term the thrusts on the
shell elements 15 in proportion to the metallostatic pressure for proper employment of the downstream mould and for a good outcome of the casting. - Moreover, the pneumatic actuators 13 enable the
shell elements 15 to be actuated and the thrusts existing at any moment to be possibly modified and make possible also any correction required for the operations during the casting. - Lastly, the pneumatic actuators 13 enable the
shell elements 15 to be moved when required in the direction of their separation and also make use of the possibility of oscillations on thepivot 20 of theelements 15 so as to facilitate insertion of a starter bar in thedownstream mould 12. - Finally, it should be borne in mind that, without departing from the scope of the invention, it is possible, on the one hand, to employ the downstream mould as described above without having available pneumatic actuators and, on the other hand, it is possible to use the pneumatic actuation system with the same advantages and analogous purposes to operate a downstream mould also with the traditional plate-shaped elements to form ingots with a square section.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89119336T ATE83410T1 (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1989-10-18 | DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF METALS, ESPECIALLY STEEL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT8805232A IT1226913B (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1988-10-31 | CONTINUOUS STEEL CASTING EQUIPMENT. |
IT523288 | 1988-10-31 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0367024A1 EP0367024A1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
EP0367024B1 true EP0367024B1 (en) | 1992-12-16 |
EP0367024B2 EP0367024B2 (en) | 1997-09-24 |
Family
ID=11119715
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89119336A Expired - Lifetime EP0367024B2 (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1989-10-18 | Apparatus for the continuous casting of metals and of steel in particular |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0367024B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE83410T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE68903926T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2036779T5 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1226913B (en) |
RU (1) | RU1838039C (en) |
UA (1) | UA12305A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2056478C (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1999-06-15 | Hastuyoshi Kumashiro | Adjustable mold for horizontal continuous casting apparatus |
IT1267246B1 (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1997-01-28 | Danieli Off Mecc | WALL UNDERLAY FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1252371B (en) * | 1967-10-19 | Valentine Tarqumee Wassenaar (Niederlande), Royal James Scovill jun , Ogden Dunes Ind (V St. A) | Cooling device in continuous casting | |
GB761401A (en) * | 1954-05-17 | 1956-11-14 | Rossi Irving | Device for use in the art of continuous casting of metals |
US3580327A (en) * | 1968-07-15 | 1971-05-25 | Georgy Lukich Khim | Continuous casting mold |
US3882924A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-05-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Cast piece supporting apparatus for a continuous casting machine |
FR2445744A1 (en) * | 1979-01-04 | 1980-08-01 | Clesid Sa | Continuous casting machine for slabs - where narrow mould walls are hinged on plates supporting edges of semi-solid slab |
US4669526A (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1987-06-02 | Sms Concast Inc. | Remotely adjustable continuous casting mold |
CH671533A5 (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1989-09-15 | Concast Standard Ag |
-
1988
- 1988-10-31 IT IT8805232A patent/IT1226913B/en active
-
1989
- 1989-10-18 EP EP89119336A patent/EP0367024B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-18 AT AT89119336T patent/ATE83410T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-10-18 ES ES89119336T patent/ES2036779T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-10-18 DE DE68903926T patent/DE68903926T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-30 RU SU894742382A patent/RU1838039C/en active
- 1989-10-30 UA UA4742382A patent/UA12305A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE68903926T2 (en) | 1993-07-01 |
UA12305A1 (en) | 1996-12-25 |
ATE83410T1 (en) | 1993-01-15 |
EP0367024A1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
ES2036779T3 (en) | 1993-06-01 |
RU1838039C (en) | 1993-08-30 |
EP0367024B2 (en) | 1997-09-24 |
IT8805232A0 (en) | 1988-10-31 |
DE68903926T3 (en) | 1998-02-05 |
DE68903926D1 (en) | 1993-01-28 |
ES2036779T5 (en) | 1997-12-16 |
IT1226913B (en) | 1991-02-22 |
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