EP0356311B1 - Process and apparatus for working a ground surface, especially for covering a road - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for working a ground surface, especially for covering a road Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0356311B1
EP0356311B1 EP89402278A EP89402278A EP0356311B1 EP 0356311 B1 EP0356311 B1 EP 0356311B1 EP 89402278 A EP89402278 A EP 89402278A EP 89402278 A EP89402278 A EP 89402278A EP 0356311 B1 EP0356311 B1 EP 0356311B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
machine
bridge
ground
worked
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89402278A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0356311A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Chaize
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT89402278T priority Critical patent/ATE83019T1/en
Publication of EP0356311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0356311A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/004—Devices for guiding or controlling the machines along a predetermined path
    • E01C19/008—Devices for guiding or controlling the machines along a predetermined path by reference lines placed along the road, e.g. wires co-operating with feeler elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/40—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers
    • E01C19/407—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight adapted to impart a smooth finish to the paving, e.g. tamping or vibrating finishers with elements or parts partly or fully immersed in or penetrating into the material to act thereon, e.g. immersed vibrators or vibrating parts, kneading tampers, spaders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S37/00—Excavating
    • Y10S37/907—Automatic leveling excavators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for opening a floor surface, in particular for lining a roadway with a concrete coating of bitumen or cement.
  • the present invention also relates to a machine designed for this purpose.
  • Sliding formwork machines are known, such as those described for example by RAY and CHARONNAT on pages 98 to 132 of the Liaison Bulletin of the Laboratory of Bridges and Roads n ° 95 - May, June 1968 reference 2231. These machines are intended for coating a pavement with a concrete, bitumen or cement coating. They include a frame which rests and advances on the unpaved ground by means of two or four tracks. The support members on the ground reserve between them a transverse space in which the chassis carries a sliding formwork, that is to say two lateral forms forming with a top extrusion table a tunnel through which the coating is extruded .
  • the frame On the site, there are two sides of the path provided for the machine, two wires defining a reference surface to which the surface of the finished covering must be parallel.
  • the frame carries wire followers, each of which detects the position of a point of the frame relative to the reference surface. Depending on this detection, the height position of different points of the frame relative to the support means on the ground is adjusted by jacks in a direction such that the lower surface of the extrusion table, the trajectory of which defines the profile of the pavement carried out, ie parallel to the reference surface and at a determined distance from the latter.
  • the pavement produced has as smooth a profile as possible. It is therefore important to minimize the influence on the extrusion table of the movements of the frame when it is adjusted in height with respect to the reference surface. This is why, in known machines, the extrusion tunnel is located between the support means on the ground, in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the machine. Under these conditions, the coating produced necessarily has a width less than the free width between the support members on the ground, generally tracks.
  • CH - A - 498 981 is a machine of the type indicated above, of the four-track type, the structure being articulated around a horizontal transverse axis positioned between the front tracks and the rear tracks.
  • An anterior frame rests on the rough ground by the front tracks.
  • a chassis-bridge is articulated to the frame around the horizontal transverse axis and rests on the rough ground by the rear tracks.
  • Tools are mounted transversely under the axle chassis between the front tracks and the rear tracks.
  • Various adjustment means 7, 26 are used to correctly position the tools in height despite the unevenness of the raw soil.
  • the rear support means are supported on either side of the worked surface produced.
  • the working width of the machine is therefore less than its overall width.
  • this machine differs little in principle from a rigid chassis machine. Parasitic movements can come from the front frame, which rests on the rough ground, as well as from the rear tracks, which also rest against the rough ground.
  • a machine for depositing a constant coating layer which is therefore devoid of means for directly or indirectly adjusting the position of the tool relative to a reference surface.
  • the machine comprises (FIGS. 3 and 4) a front frame resting on the rough ground, a chassis-bridge supporting a tool and the rear end of which rests by rollers on the worked surface, the width of which can thus be greater than the width of support on the floor of the machine.
  • DE -B- 1 049 413 proposes to produce the worked surface in three parallel strips, the central strip being produced by a tool substantially located in the axis of pitch of the frame before the machine, so to minimize the impact of the machine pitch on the position of this tool in the vertical plane. It is further provided that the rear support roller of the bridge chassis rolls on the central strip of the worked surface, that is to say the strip having the least risk of defect. Two lateral tools are also provided in an offset position towards the rear to produce two lateral covering strips, on either side of the central strip. The chassis-bridge therefore positions the two lateral tools independently of the defects that the two lateral bands may have, and consequently, these two lateral bands 13 themselves have fewer defects.
  • the aim of the present invention is thus to propose a method and a device for producing a very good quality worked ground surface over a width which can be significantly greater than the free width between the support means, such as tracks, on unworked soil.
  • the height is adjusted at least indirectly to make its trajectory substantially independent of the unworked ground, the risk of seeing defects appear on the worked surface such as those mentioned in DE-B - 1,049,413 east greatly reduced, and above all the probable magnitude of such a defect is also very small.
  • the level regulation filters the faults and lets pass at most only very attenuated balances. Thanks to the chassis-bridge, these disturbances occurring at the level of the front frame reach the tool only with an amplitude substantially divided by two (lever effect around an axis passing through the support means distributed over the worked surface). The risks that such a defect creates successive echoes due to the crossing by the support means distributed over the worked floor themselves become negligible, taking into account in particular the very small possible amplitude of these defects, and the fact that the support is distributed.
  • the resistance encountered by the tool during its work creates a more or less intense ascending force on the bridge chassis depending on the working conditions encountered by the tool during the progression of the machine. If the upward force is intense, it risks raising the rear end of the bridge chassis and despite the height adjustment of the means supporting at least indirectly the tool, the latter risks being positioned erratically and producing a defect . If on the contrary the upward force is weak, the rear end of the chassis-bridge will be supported more strongly on the worked surface, which risks damaging it. It is in order to eliminate these risks that, according to the invention, the pressure exerted by the .mobile support means is also regulated distributed over the worked surface. The adjustment of the support pressure at the rear end of the bridge chassis also makes it possible to compensate for the variations in support pressure which are likely to be induced when the means which at least indirectly support the tool are adjusted in height. .
  • the result obtained thanks to the invention is better than that obtained with DE-B- 1 049 413 because it reduces both the risk of significant fault and the risk of successive echoes of a fault, and eliminates the longitudinal joints between three strips of worked soil.
  • the result obtained thanks to the invention is also better than that obtained by the technique according to CH-A- 498 981 since, according to the invention, the rear end of the chassis-bridge rests on the very even, worked ground. , and not on rough ground, which improves the stability of the tool's trajectory, and also because the working width allowed by the invention is significantly greater.
  • the invention does not require having a suitable unworked strip of soil on either side of the roadway to be produced.
  • the machine for opening a ground surface comprises a frame, resting in a mobile manner on a region of the ground not worked by means of support means on rough ground, a chassis-bridge, one front end of which is supported by the frame by means of an articulation with an axis transverse to the median longitudinal plane of the machine, and one rear end of which is provided with movable support means distributed over the surface worked, a tool mounted under the chassis-bridge and comprising a posterior transverse end situated behind the support means on bare ground, and is characterized in that it also comprises means for adjusting the height of the means supporting at least indirectly the tool so that it follows a path substantially independent of the irregularities of said region of the unworked soil, and means for adjusting the pressure exerted on the worked surface by the support means distributed mobile.
  • the machine for coating a roadway with bitumen concrete or cement comprises a frame 1 resting on the unpaved ground 5 by means of two lateral drive tracks 2.
  • the frame 1 is connected to the tracks 2 by four jacks 3 provided for adjusting the height position of the frame 1 relative to the tracks 2 to compensate for the inequalities encountered by the tracks 2 during their progression on the rough ground 5.
  • raw soil is meant the soil not coated or not yet coated by the machine.
  • each cylinder 3 is associated with a probe 6 which follows the wire 4 located on the same side of the machine as the cylinder 3 considered and which transmits to control means of the cylinder 3 information relating to the height position of the frame 1 to the right of the jack 3 with respect to said wire 4.
  • the two tracks define between them a free transverse distance in which the frame 1 carries, substantially in contact with the raw ground, two anterior lateral forms 7 (Figures 2 and 3) intended to receive between them, in front of the frame 1, the share of supply means such as trucks or conveyor belts, the concrete 8 intended to form the coating.
  • Each of the front side forms 7 is adjacent to one of the tracks 2.
  • a distribution screw 9 Figure 2 of transverse horizontal axis driven by a motor 11 via a transmission means 12. In known manner , the rotation of the screw 9 around its axis causes an approximate equalization of the level of concrete 8 over the free width between the anterior forms 7.
  • each front formwork 7 is connected to a rear side formwork 13 by means of a transverse formwork 14.
  • the free distance between the rear side formworks 13 is greater than the free distance between the tracks 2, and even greater than the overall width of the machine in line with the tracks 2, probes 6 not included.
  • a rear distribution device 16 comprising two transverse screws 17 rotating in opposite directions, aligned with each other. Each of the screws 17 is driven by a respective motor 18 fixed to the respective side formwork 13.
  • a transverse pre-equalization bar 19 Downstream of the screws 17, relative to the direction of movement of the concrete through the machine, there is provided a transverse pre-equalization bar 19, followed downstream by a vibrating device 21.
  • the bar pre-equalization 19 is adjustable in height by means of a jack 22.
  • FIG. 1 also shows that the screws 17, the bar 19 and the vibrator device 21 are supported directly by the frame 1.
  • an extrusion table 23 extends transversely between the rear lateral formworks 13.
  • the active lower surface 24 of the extrusion table 23, and in particular its rear transverse edge 26 are located behind the tracks 2 and extend over a width much greater than the free width transversely between the tracks 2.
  • the structure of the machine comprises, in addition to the frame 1, a chassis-bridge 27 essentially comprising two longitudinal beams 28 placed at equal distance on either side of the median longitudinal plane P of the machine, and one connected to the 'other, near their rear end, by a spacer 29 articulated at each end.
  • the two beams 28 are articulated to the frame 1 along a common axis XX, by means of two yokes 31.
  • the axis XX is perpendicular to the plane P.
  • the yokes 31 are located on the top of the frame 1, and the beams 28 extend, in their anterior region, above the frame 1.
  • the chassis-bridge 27 From its articulation by means of the yokes 31, the chassis-bridge 27 extends towards the rear and it is supported at its rear end by two air cushions 32 each mounted at a lower end of a welded leg 33 under the rear end of one of the beams 28.
  • the air cushions 32 are supplied with compressed air by means not shown.
  • each beam 28 is such that the cushions 32 are located behind the extrusion table 23.
  • the distance between each cushion 32 and the median longitudinal plane P of the machine (FIG. 2) is less than the half-width of the extrusion table 23 so that, in service, the two air cushions 32 bear on the upper surface 39 of the covering produced by the machine.
  • each beam 28 carries on its side opposite to the other beam 28 a tubular guide of vertical axis 34 in which is slidably engaged a column 36 whose base is fixed rigidly to the upper face of the extrusion table 23.
  • each column 36 is coupled to the end of the movable rod 37 of a jack 38 for adjusting the height of the extrusion table 23.
  • the table 23 is substantially located at equal distance D from a vertical plane passing through the axis X-X and from a vertical plane passing through the air cushions 32.
  • the air cushions 32 do not exert on the worked surface 39 a pressure capable of reaching or exceeding the minimum pressure from which the worked surface 39 would be deformed. But it is also important that this pressure is not zero. A zero pressure would mean that the reaction undergone by the extrusion table 23, reaction directed vertically upwards, exceeds the forces of gravity exerted on the table 23. In other words, the table 23 would be lifted under the pressure concrete under it. Given these two imperatives, it has been determined according to the invention that the pressure exerted by the air cushions 32 on the surface 39 should remain between 1 to 5 N / cm2 (100 and 500 g / cm2) approximately.
  • each air cushion 32 is equipped with a pressure detector 41.
  • the pressure is a function of the load supported by the air cushion. For example, when the load increases, the air cushion gets closer to the ground, which reduces its peripheral leakage rate and increases the pressure drop caused by this leak. As a result, the pressure increases until it balances the new load. The air cushion then stabilizes at this new altitude for which the pressure exerted by the compressed air inside its chamber balances the load to be supported.
  • a movable ballast 42 is mounted in a movable manner along each of the beams 28.
  • each ballast 42 is constituted by a carriage rolling on the upper surface of the beam by means of rollers 43.
  • the ballast 42 carries on each side of the beam 28 associated with a lateral guide lug 44, which in turn carries an anti-detachment wheel 46 bearing under the upper wing of the beam 28, which in the example is a beam in I.
  • a belt 47 bypassing an output pulley 48 of a servo-motor 49 and a return pulley 51 is hooked by its two ends 52 to two opposite faces of the ballast 42.
  • the strand of the belt 47 which is continuous between the pulleys 49 and 51 (the upper strand in FIG.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises means for detecting the position of the tool with respect to at least one reference surface.
  • these means comprise feelers 54 (FIG. 2) each cooperating with one of the wires 4, the reference surface therefore being that defined by the wires 4, which on either side of the road to be produced, are arranged at equal height above the theoretical plane of the surface 39.
  • the surface 39 of the pavement produced is also used as a reference surface, and more particularly two regions of this surface located in the vicinity of the lateral edges 56 of the surface 39 and at a certain distance behind the extrusion table 23, by example three meters behind table 23.
  • the machine comprises two devices 57 known as "drag rules" comprising a rule 58, one front end of which is connected to the rear face of the extrusion table by a traction cable 59 (FIG. 1 ) parallel to the surface 39.
  • Each end of the rule 58 rests on the surface 39 by a pad 61.
  • Each rule 58 carries an emitter 62 of electromagnetic ray 63 which may be a UV, X or laser ray. The position of each detector 62 is precisely adjusted so that the ray 63 is emitted parallel to the surface 39 as detected by the two associated pads 61, and at a well-determined height above the surface 39 thus detected.
  • the rear face of the extrusion table 23 carries, opposite each emitter 62, a detector 64 close to one of the lateral ends of the table.
  • the sensitive surface 66 of the detector 64 is subdivided into vertically staggered zones. These are for example photoelectric cells staggered vertically.
  • Each detector 64 emits an output signal constituted for example by a current whose intensity is a function of the altitude of the photoelectric cell which is struck by the radius 63.
  • the signals emitted by the detector 64 and by the probe 54 which also provides a current whose intensity is a function of the relative height of the corresponding end of the table 23 relative to the wire 4 neighbor, are used to adjust the height position of said end of the table 23, thanks to the jack 38 located on the same side of the plane P.
  • the signal from the output 67 associated with the probe 54 and the signal from the output 68 of the detector 64 located on the same side of the plane P, are added with a weighting if necessary. , in an adder circuit 69.
  • the outgoing signal is amplified by means of an amplifier 71.
  • the output 72 of the amplifier 71 is used to control a proportional solenoid valve 73 in turn controlling the supply of the jack 38 located in the same side of plane P.
  • the detection carried out by reference to the surface 39 acts as a damper with regard to the corrections controlled by reference to the wires 4.
  • the movement of the tool 23 to correct its position will very quickly cause a height signal from the detectors 64, which refer to the section too low, a signal which will slow the subsequent rise of the tool 23 under the control of the probes 54.
  • the chassis-bridge 27 is designed to allow its two beams 28 to pivot independently of one another around the axis XX in a certain relative angular movement of the order for example of about 2 cm at the right of the extrusion table 23. This is allowed in particular by the articulated mounting of the spacer 29.
  • the columns 36 have a slight lateral clearance in the guides 34. This limited independence of the beams 28 relative to one another the other allows the pressure in each cushion 32 and the height of each end of the tool 23 to be adjusted independently.
  • the machine further comprises, behind the hinge axis XX, two jacks 74 each interposed between the frame 1 and a respective one of the beams 28.
  • the jacks 74 are provided to support the chassis-bridge 27 without it takes support on its air cushions 32. This can be necessary at the start of construction, when there is not yet an adequate surface behind the machine. This may still be necessary when, for example following an incident, the pressure in the air cushions 32 is insufficient to support the bridge chassis 27. In this case, the actuation of the jacks 74 is automatic to avoid deterioration the surface 39. Finally, the jacks 74 are used during transport of the machine.
  • a motor 76 of the machine mounted on the frame 1, drives the tracks 2.
  • the frame 1 is self-positioning in height thanks to the feelers 6 and to the jacks 3.
  • the extrusion table 23 is located halfway between the axis XX and the air cushions 32.
  • the axis XX being carried by the frame 1 stabilized in height, only undergoes from the frame 1 the weak vertical movements which could not be filtered by the self-positioning device 3, 4, 6.
  • the pitching movements of the frame 1 are filtered by the joint XX and are therefore not transmitted in the form of oscillations amplified with tool 23.
  • the chassis 27 rests on the worked surface 39.
  • the only oscillations to which this end of the bridge chassis can be subjected are due to possible defects in the surface 39 and to possible vertical movements of the air cushions 32 relative to on the surface 39.
  • These two types of disturbances are of very small amplitude.
  • the tool 23 is therefore suspended midway between two support lines (joint XX and air cushion 32) none of which is exposed to significant disturbances.
  • each disturbance is only transmitted with an amplitude divided by two to the tool 23.
  • any error in the position of the tool 23 is detected by the probes 54 and / or by the detectors 64 and the position of the tool is corrected by means of the jacks 38.
  • the quality of uniformity of the worked surface 39 this is further improved, which in turn improves the quality of the support provided to the bridge chassis 27 by the air cushions 32.
  • the invention could be applied to other types of tool, for example surface cutters.
  • the height adjustment of the tool could be carried out by adjusting the height of the chassis-bridge 27 with respect to the air cushions 32 or with respect to the frame 1 (height adjustment of the axis X-X).
  • the frame rests on the tracks 2 without means of self-positioning in height, the only position detection being made on the tool, the tool self-positioning by reference to marks constituted by the wires 4 and / or by spokes 63.
  • the frame 1 includes detectors such as the probes 6, but that the frame 1 is not self-positioned in height relative to the tracks 2, the information coming from the probes being used to auto-position the tool, for example using the jacks 38.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The table (23) for extruding the covering (39) is placed behind the tracks (2) and thus can have a greater width than the overall width at right angles to the tracks. <??>The table is carried by a bridge chassis (27) articulated on the frame (1), carried by the tracks, along a transverse axis (XX). At the rear, the bridge chassis (27) rests on the fresh covering (39) by means of air cushions (32). A dragged blade (58) emits a ray (63) parallel to the surface (39) as detected by the blade. A detector (64) carried by the table (23) and receiving the ray (63) detects the height position of the table (23) relative to the surface (39). Jacks (38) correct the height position of the tool as a function of this detection . A ballast (42) is displaced automatically along the bridge chassis (27) in order to adjust the pressure in the air cushions (32). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour ouvrer une surface de sol, notamment pour garnir une chaussée d'un revêtement en béton de bitume ou de ciment.The present invention relates to a method for opening a floor surface, in particular for lining a roadway with a concrete coating of bitumen or cement.

La présente invention concerne encore un engin conçu dans ce but.The present invention also relates to a machine designed for this purpose.

On connaît les machines à coffrage glissant, telles que celles décrites par exemple par RAY et CHARONNAT aux pages 98 à 132 du Bulletin de Liaison du Laboratoire des Ponts et Chaussées n° 95 - Mai, Juin 1968 référence 2231. Ces machines sont destinées à revêtir une chaussée avec un revêtement en béton, de bitume ou de ciment. Elles comprennent un bâti qui s'appuie et avance sur le sol non revêtu au moyen de deux ou quatre chenilles. Les organes d'appui sur le sol réservent entre eux un espace transversal dans lequel le châssis porte un coffrage glissant, c'est-à-dire deux coffrages latéraux formant avec une table d'extrusion supérieure un tunnel à travers lequel le revêtement est extrudé.Sliding formwork machines are known, such as those described for example by RAY and CHARONNAT on pages 98 to 132 of the Liaison Bulletin of the Laboratory of Bridges and Roads n ° 95 - May, June 1968 reference 2231. These machines are intended for coating a pavement with a concrete, bitumen or cement coating. They include a frame which rests and advances on the unpaved ground by means of two or four tracks. The support members on the ground reserve between them a transverse space in which the chassis carries a sliding formwork, that is to say two lateral forms forming with a top extrusion table a tunnel through which the coating is extruded .

Sur le chantier, on tend de part et d'autre du trajet prévu pour l'engin deux fils définissant une surface de référence à laquelle la surface du revêtement terminé doit être parallèle. Le bâti porte des suiveurs de fils dont chacun détecte la position d'un point du bâti par rapport à la surface de référence. En fonction de cette détection, la position en hauteur de différents points du bâti par rapport aux moyens d'appui sur le sol est réglée grâce à des vérins dans un sens tel que la surface inférieure de la table d'extrusion, dont la trajectoire définit le profil de la chaussée réalisée, soit parallèle à la surface de référence et à distance déterminée de celle-ci.On the site, there are two sides of the path provided for the machine, two wires defining a reference surface to which the surface of the finished covering must be parallel. The frame carries wire followers, each of which detects the position of a point of the frame relative to the reference surface. Depending on this detection, the height position of different points of the frame relative to the support means on the ground is adjusted by jacks in a direction such that the lower surface of the extrusion table, the trajectory of which defines the profile of the pavement carried out, ie parallel to the reference surface and at a determined distance from the latter.

Il est essentiel que la chaussée réalisée ait un profil aussi lisse que possible. Il importe donc de minimiser l'influence qu'ont sur la table d'extrusion les mouvements du bâti lorsqu'il se règle en hauteur par rapport à la surface de référence. C'est pourquoi, dans les machines connues, le tunnel d'extrusion se trouve entre les moyens d'appui sur le sol, au voisinage du centre de gravité de l'engin. Dans ces conditions, le revêtement réalisé a nécessairement une largeur inférieure à la largeur libre entre les organes d'appui sur le sol, en général des chenilles.It is essential that the pavement produced has as smooth a profile as possible. It is therefore important to minimize the influence on the extrusion table of the movements of the frame when it is adjusted in height with respect to the reference surface. This is why, in known machines, the extrusion tunnel is located between the support means on the ground, in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the machine. Under these conditions, the coating produced necessarily has a width less than the free width between the support members on the ground, generally tracks.

On connaît en particulier d'après le CH - A - 498 981 une machine du type indiqué ci-dessus, du type à quatre chenilles, la structure étant articulée autour d'un axe horizontal transversal positionné entre les chenilles avant et les chenilles arrière. Un bâti antérieur s'appuie sur le sol brut par les chenilles avant. Un châssis-pont est articulé au bâti autour de l'axe horizontal transversal et s'appuie sur le sol brut par les chenilles arrière. Des outils sont montés transversalement sous le châssis-pont entre les chenilles avant et les chenilles arrière. Divers moyens de réglage 7, 26 servent à positionner correctement en hauteur les outils malgré les irrégularités du sol brut. Les moyens d'appui arrière s'appuient de part et d'autre de la surface ouvrée réalisée. La largeur de travail de la machine est donc inférieure à sa largeur hors tout. Finalement, bien que comportant un châssis-pont articulé, cette machine ne diffère guère, dans son principe, d'une machine à châssis rigide. Des mouvements parasites peuvent provenir aussi bien du bâti avant, qui s'appuie sur le sol brut, que des chenilles arrière qui s'appuient également sur le sol brut.Known in particular from CH - A - 498 981 is a machine of the type indicated above, of the four-track type, the structure being articulated around a horizontal transverse axis positioned between the front tracks and the rear tracks. An anterior frame rests on the rough ground by the front tracks. A chassis-bridge is articulated to the frame around the horizontal transverse axis and rests on the rough ground by the rear tracks. Tools are mounted transversely under the axle chassis between the front tracks and the rear tracks. Various adjustment means 7, 26 are used to correctly position the tools in height despite the unevenness of the raw soil. The rear support means are supported on either side of the worked surface produced. The working width of the machine is therefore less than its overall width. Finally, although comprising an articulated bridge chassis, this machine differs little in principle from a rigid chassis machine. Parasitic movements can come from the front frame, which rests on the rough ground, as well as from the rear tracks, which also rest against the rough ground.

On connaît aussi d'après le DE-B- 1 049 413 une machine pour déposer une couche constante de revêtement et qui est par conséquent dépourvue de moyens pour régler directement ou indirectement la position de l'outil par rapport à une surface de référence. La machine comporte (figures 3 et 4) un bâti avant s'appuyant sur le sol brut, un châssis-pont supportant un outil et dont l'extrémité arrière repose par des rouleaux sur la surface ouvrée dont la largeur peut ainsi être supérieure à la largeur d'appui sur le sol de la machine.Also known from DE-B-1 049 413 a machine for depositing a constant coating layer and which is therefore devoid of means for directly or indirectly adjusting the position of the tool relative to a reference surface. The machine comprises (FIGS. 3 and 4) a front frame resting on the rough ground, a chassis-bridge supporting a tool and the rear end of which rests by rollers on the worked surface, the width of which can thus be greater than the width of support on the floor of the machine.

Le DE-B- 1 049 413 insiste sur les inconvénients d'une telle machine, qui n'est décrite qu'au titre de l'état de la technique. Comme l'explique à juste titre le document, tout défaut sur la surface ouvrée va produire un second défaut semblable lorsque le rouleau d'appui arrière, en franchissant le défaut, provoquera un mouvement parasite de l'outil. Ce second défaut produit par l'outil sera à son tour franchi par le rouleau, ce qui entraînera la formation d'un troisième défaut et ainsi de suite.DE-B- 1 049 413 stresses the drawbacks of such a machine, which is only described under the state of the art. As the document rightly explains, any defect on the worked surface will produce a second similar defect when the rear support roller, when crossing the defect, will cause parasitic movement of the tool. This second defect produced by the tool will in turn be crossed by the roller, which will cause the formation of a third defect and so on.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, le DE -B- 1 049 413 propose de réaliser la surface ouvrée en trois bandes parallèles, la bande centrale étant réalisée par un outil sensiblement situé dans l'axe de tangage du bâti avant de la machine, de manière à minimiser l'incidence du tangage de la machine sur la position de cet outil dans le plan vertical. Il est de plus prévu que le rouleau d'appui postérieur du châssis-pont roule sur la bande centrale de la surface ouvrée, c'est-à-dire la bande présentant le moindre risque de défaut. Deux outils latéraux sont en outre prévus en position décalée vers l'arrière pour réaliser deux bandes de revêtement latérales, de part et d'autre de la bande centrale. Le châssis-pont positionne donc les deux outils latéraux indépendamment des défauts que peuvent présenter les deux bandes latérales, et par conséquent, ces deux bandes latérales 13 présentent elles-mêmes moins de défauts.To remedy this drawback, DE -B- 1 049 413 proposes to produce the worked surface in three parallel strips, the central strip being produced by a tool substantially located in the axis of pitch of the frame before the machine, so to minimize the impact of the machine pitch on the position of this tool in the vertical plane. It is further provided that the rear support roller of the bridge chassis rolls on the central strip of the worked surface, that is to say the strip having the least risk of defect. Two lateral tools are also provided in an offset position towards the rear to produce two lateral covering strips, on either side of the central strip. The chassis-bridge therefore positions the two lateral tools independently of the defects that the two lateral bands may have, and consequently, these two lateral bands 13 themselves have fewer defects.

Cette solution est peu satisfaisante car elle nécessite trois outils, car elle n'exclut pas la présence de défauts sur les bandes latérales de surface ouvrée et aussi car elle entraîne nécessairement la présence de joints longitudinaux entre les trois bandes.This solution is unsatisfactory because it requires three tools, because it does not exclude the presence of defects on the lateral strips of worked surface and also because it necessarily results in the presence of longitudinal joints between the three strips.

On a également imaginé des machines dans lesquelles le tunnel d'extrusion a une largeur supérieure à la largeur libre entre les chenilles et se trouve disposé en porte-à-faux au-delà de l'arrière des chenilles. Toutefois, cette solution ne permet pas de réaliser des chaussées d'excellente qualité,-chaque mouvement d'autopositionnement du bâti étant transmis avec amplification à la table d'extrusion.We also imagined machines in which the extrusion tunnel has a width greater than the free width between the tracks and is arranged in overhang beyond the rear of the tracks. However, this solution does not make it possible to produce pavements of excellent quality, each movement of self-positioning of the frame being transmitted with amplification to the extrusion table.

Le but de la présente invention est ainsi de proposer un procédé et un engin pour produire une surface de sol ouvrée de très bonne qualité sur une largeur qui puisse être nettement supérieure à la largeur libre entre les moyens d'appui, tels que chenilles, sur le sol non ouvré.The aim of the present invention is thus to propose a method and a device for producing a very good quality worked ground surface over a width which can be significantly greater than the free width between the support means, such as tracks, on unworked soil.

Selon un premier aspect de l'invention, le procédé pour ouvrer une surface de sol, au moyen d'un engin que l'on déplace le long de la surface à ouvrer, cet engin comportant un outil qui est en contact avec ladite surface, des moyens d'appui sur sol brut situés en amont d'une extrémité transversale postérieure de l'outil, l'outil prenant appui, pendant le travail, sous un châssis-pont dont une extrémité avant est supportée par les moyens d'appui sur sol brut par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation d'axe transversal au plan longitudinal médian de l'engin, et dont l'extrémité arrière repose sur la surface ouvrée par des moyens d'appui mobile réparti sous une pression suffisamment faible pour éviter toute altération significative de la surface ouvrée, est caractérisé en ce qu'on règle en hauteur des moyens supportant au moins indirectement l'outil de manière que celui-ci suive une trajectoire sensiblement indépendante des irrégularités de la région non ouvrée du sol, et en ce qu'on règle pendant le travail la pression exercée par l'extrémité arrière du châssis-pont sur la surface ouvrée.According to a first aspect of the invention, the method for opening a ground surface, by means of a machine which is moved along the surface to be worked, this machine comprising a tool which is in contact with said surface, support means on bare ground located upstream of a rear transverse end of the tool, the tool taking support, during work, under a chassis-bridge, one front end of which is supported by the support means on rough ground by means of an articulation with an axis transverse to the median longitudinal plane of the machine, and the rear end of which rests on the surface worked by mobile support means distributed under a pressure low enough to avoid any significant alteration of the worked surface, is characterized in that the height of the means at least indirectly supporting the tool is adjusted so that the latter follows a trajectory substantially independent of the irregularities of the unworked region of the ground, and in that the pressure exerted by the rear end of the bridge chassis on the worked surface is adjusted during work.

Etant donné que, selon l'invention, on règle au moins indirectement l'outil en hauteur pour rendre sa trajectoire sensiblement indépendante du sol non ouvré, le risque de voir apparaître sur la surface ouvrée des défauts tels que ceux évoqués dans le DE-B- 1 049 413 est largement réduit, et surtout l'amplitude probable d'un tel défaut est également très réduite. La régulation de niveau filtre les défauts et n'en laisse passer tout au plus que des reliquats très atténués. Grâce au châssis-pont, ces perturbations intervenant au niveau du bâti avant ne parviennent à l'outil qu'avec une amplitude sensiblement divisée par deux (effet de bras de levier autour d'un axe passant par les moyens d'appui réparti sur la surface ouvrée). Les risques qu'un tel défaut crée des échos successifs dus au franchissement par les moyens d'appui réparti sur le sol ouvré deviennent eux-mêmes négligeables, compte tenu en particulier de la très faible amplitude possible de ces défauts, et du fait que l'appui est réparti.Given that, according to the invention, the height is adjusted at least indirectly to make its trajectory substantially independent of the unworked ground, the risk of seeing defects appear on the worked surface such as those mentioned in DE-B - 1,049,413 east greatly reduced, and above all the probable magnitude of such a defect is also very small. The level regulation filters the faults and lets pass at most only very attenuated balances. Thanks to the chassis-bridge, these disturbances occurring at the level of the front frame reach the tool only with an amplitude substantially divided by two (lever effect around an axis passing through the support means distributed over the worked surface). The risks that such a defect creates successive echoes due to the crossing by the support means distributed over the worked floor themselves become negligible, taking into account in particular the very small possible amplitude of these defects, and the fact that the support is distributed.

La résistance rencontrée par l'outil lors de son travail crée sur le châssis-pont une force ascendante plus ou moins intense en fonction des conditions de travail rencontrées par l'outil au cours de la progression de la machine. Si la force ascendante est intense, elle risque de soulever l'extrémité arrière du châssis-pont et malgré le réglage de hauteur des moyens supportant au moins indirectement l'outil, ce dernier risque d'être positionné de façon erratique et de produire un défaut. Si au contraire la force ascendante est faible, l'extrémité arrière du chassis-pont va s'appuyer plus fortement sur la surface ouvrée, ce qui risque de l'endommager. C'est pour éliminer ces risques que, selon l'invention, on règle aussi la pression exercée par les moyens d'appui .mobile réparti sur la surface ouvrée. Le réglage de la pression d'appui à l'extrémité arrière du chassis-pont permet aussi de compenser les variations de pression d'appui qui risquent d'être induites lorsqu'on règle en hauteur les moyens qui supportent au moins indirectement l'outil.The resistance encountered by the tool during its work creates a more or less intense ascending force on the bridge chassis depending on the working conditions encountered by the tool during the progression of the machine. If the upward force is intense, it risks raising the rear end of the bridge chassis and despite the height adjustment of the means supporting at least indirectly the tool, the latter risks being positioned erratically and producing a defect . If on the contrary the upward force is weak, the rear end of the chassis-bridge will be supported more strongly on the worked surface, which risks damaging it. It is in order to eliminate these risks that, according to the invention, the pressure exerted by the .mobile support means is also regulated distributed over the worked surface. The adjustment of the support pressure at the rear end of the bridge chassis also makes it possible to compensate for the variations in support pressure which are likely to be induced when the means which at least indirectly support the tool are adjusted in height. .

Le résultat obtenu grâce à l'invention est meilleur que celui obtenu avec le DE-B- 1 049 413 car il réduit à la fois le risque de défaut significatif et le risque d'échos successifs à un défaut, et élimine les joints longitudinaux entre trois bandes de sol ouvré.The result obtained thanks to the invention is better than that obtained with DE-B- 1 049 413 because it reduces both the risk of significant fault and the risk of successive echoes of a fault, and eliminates the longitudinal joints between three strips of worked soil.

Le résultat obtenu grâce à l'invention est également meilleur que celui obtenu par la technique selon le CH-A- 498 981 puisque, selon l'invention, l'extrémité arrière du châssis-pont s'appuie sur le sol ouvré, très régulier, et non sur le sol brut, ce qui améliore la stabilité de la trajectoire de l'outil, et aussi car la largeur de travail permise par l'invention est nettement supérieure. De plus, l'invention n'oblige pas à disposer d'une bande de sol non ouvrée convenable de part et d'autre de la chaussée à réaliser.The result obtained thanks to the invention is also better than that obtained by the technique according to CH-A- 498 981 since, according to the invention, the rear end of the chassis-bridge rests on the very even, worked ground. , and not on rough ground, which improves the stability of the tool's trajectory, and also because the working width allowed by the invention is significantly greater. In addition, the invention does not require having a suitable unworked strip of soil on either side of the roadway to be produced.

Selon un second aspect de l'invention, l'engin pour ouvrer une surface de sol, comprend un bâti, s'appuyant de manière mobile sur une région du sol non ouvrée par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'appui sur sol brut, un châssis-pont dont une extrémité avant est supportée par le bâti par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation d'axe transversal au plan longitudinal médian de l'engin, et dont une extrémité arrière est munie de moyens d'appui mobile réparti sur la surface ouvrée, un outil monté sous le châssis-pont et comportant une extrémité transversale postérieure située en arrière des moyens d'appui sur sol brut, et est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens pour régler en hauteur des moyens supportant au moins indirectement l'outil de manière que celui-ci suive une trajectoire sensiblement indépendante des irrégularités de ladite région du sol non ouvrée, et des moyens pour régler la pression exercée sur la surface ouvrée par les moyens d'appui mobile réparti.According to a second aspect of the invention, the machine for opening a ground surface, comprises a frame, resting in a mobile manner on a region of the ground not worked by means of support means on rough ground, a chassis-bridge, one front end of which is supported by the frame by means of an articulation with an axis transverse to the median longitudinal plane of the machine, and one rear end of which is provided with movable support means distributed over the surface worked, a tool mounted under the chassis-bridge and comprising a posterior transverse end situated behind the support means on bare ground, and is characterized in that it also comprises means for adjusting the height of the means supporting at least indirectly the tool so that it follows a path substantially independent of the irregularities of said region of the unworked soil, and means for adjusting the pressure exerted on the worked surface by the support means distributed mobile.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention ressortiront encore de la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description below.

Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs :

  • la figure 1 est une vue d'un engin selon l'invention, en élévation latérale et partiellement en coupe selon la ligne I-I de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique de dessus de l'engin de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de face de l'engin de la figure 1 ;
  • les figures 4 à 8 sont des vues schématiques en coupe selon les plans IV-IV, V-V, VI-VI, VII-VII, VIII-VIII de la figure 1 respectivement ;
  • la figure 9 est une vue de face à échelle agrandie, d'une plage réceptrice de rayonnement montée sur la face arrière de l'outil ; et
  • la figure 10 est un schéma bloc des moyens de commande de la position de l'outil en fonction du signal de détection de la position de l'outil.
In the appended drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples:
  • Figure 1 is a view of a machine according to the invention, in side elevation and partially in section along line II of Figure 2;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic top view of the machine of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the machine of Figure 1;
  • Figures 4 to 8 are schematic sectional views along the planes IV-IV, VV, VI-VI, VII-VII, VIII-VIII of Figure 1 respectively;
  • FIG. 9 is a front view on an enlarged scale, of a radiation receiving surface mounted on the rear face of the tool; and
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the means for controlling the position of the tool as a function of the signal for detecting the position of the tool.

Dans l'exemple représenté aux figures 1 à 3, l'engin pour revêtir une chaussée avec du béton de bitume ou de ciment comprend un bâti 1 reposant sur le sol non revêtu 5 par l'intermédiaire de deux chenilles latérales motrices 2. Le bâti 1 est relié aux chenilles 2 par quatre vérins 3 prévus pour régler la position en hauteur du bâti 1 par rapport aux chenilles 2 pour compenser les inégalités rencontrées par les chenilles 2 lors de leur progression sur le sol brut 5.In the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the machine for coating a roadway with bitumen concrete or cement comprises a frame 1 resting on the unpaved ground 5 by means of two lateral drive tracks 2. The frame 1 is connected to the tracks 2 by four jacks 3 provided for adjusting the height position of the frame 1 relative to the tracks 2 to compensate for the inequalities encountered by the tracks 2 during their progression on the rough ground 5.

Par sol brut, on entend le sol non revêtu ou non encore revêtu par l'engin.By raw soil is meant the soil not coated or not yet coated by the machine.

Préalablement à la mise en fonctionnement de l'engin, on a tendu longitudinalement de part et d'autre de la surface qu'il doit revêtir, deux fils 4 dits "fils tendus" qui, ensemble, définissent une surface de référence à laquelle la surface du revêtement à réaliser doit être parallèle. Chaque vérin 3 est associé à un palpeur 6 qui suit le fil 4 situé du même côté de l'engin que le vérin 3 considéré et qui transmet à des moyens de commande du vérin 3 des informations relatives à la position en hauteur du bâti 1 au droit du vérin 3 par rapport audit fil 4. Ces moyens pour assurer au bâti 1 une trajectoire aussi indépendante que possible des irrégularités du sol brut sont connus en eux-mêmes et ne seront donc pas décrits plus en détail.Before the machine was put into operation, two wires 4, called "stretched wires", were stretched longitudinally on either side of the surface which it must cover, which together define a reference surface to which the surface of the coating to be produced must be parallel. Each cylinder 3 is associated with a probe 6 which follows the wire 4 located on the same side of the machine as the cylinder 3 considered and which transmits to control means of the cylinder 3 information relating to the height position of the frame 1 to the right of the jack 3 with respect to said wire 4. These means for ensuring the frame 1 a path as independent as possible of the irregularities of the raw soil are known in themselves and will therefore not be described in more detail.

Les deux chenilles définissent entre elles une distance transversale libre dans laquelle le bâti 1 porte, sensiblement en contact avec le sol brut, deux coffrages latéraux antérieurs 7 (figures 2 et 3) destinés à recevoir entre eux, en avant du bâti 1, de la part de moyens d'approvisionnement tels que camions ou bandes transporteuses, le béton 8 destiné à former le revêtement. Chacun des coffrages latéraux antérieurs 7 est adjacent à l'une des chenilles 2. Entre les coffrages latéraux antérieurs 7 est montée rotativement une vis de répartition 9 (figure 2) d'axe horizontal transversal entraînée par un moteur 11 par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de transmission 12. De manière connue, la rotation de la vis 9 autour de son axe provoque une égalisation approximative du niveau de béton 8 sur la largeur libre entre les coffrages antérieurs 7.The two tracks define between them a free transverse distance in which the frame 1 carries, substantially in contact with the raw ground, two anterior lateral forms 7 (Figures 2 and 3) intended to receive between them, in front of the frame 1, the share of supply means such as trucks or conveyor belts, the concrete 8 intended to form the coating. Each of the front side forms 7 is adjacent to one of the tracks 2. Between the front lateral forms 7 is rotatably mounted a distribution screw 9 (Figure 2) of transverse horizontal axis driven by a motor 11 via a transmission means 12. In known manner , the rotation of the screw 9 around its axis causes an approximate equalization of the level of concrete 8 over the free width between the anterior forms 7.

En arrière des chenilles 2, chaque coffrage antérieur 7 est raccordé à un coffrage latéral postérieur 13 par l'intermédiaire d'un coffrage transversal 14. La distance libre entre les coffrages latéraux postérieurs 13 est supérieure à la distance libre entre les chenilles 2, et même supérieure à la largeur hors tout de l'engin au droit des chenilles 2, palpeurs 6 non compris. Entre les coffrages latéraux postérieurs 13 s'étend, juste derrière les coffrages transversaux 14, un dispositif de répartition postérieur 16 comprenant deux vis transverales 17 tournant en sens contraires, alignées l'une avec l'autre. Chacune des vis 17 est entraînée par un moteur respectif 18 fixé au coffrage latéral 13 respectif.Behind the tracks 2, each front formwork 7 is connected to a rear side formwork 13 by means of a transverse formwork 14. The free distance between the rear side formworks 13 is greater than the free distance between the tracks 2, and even greater than the overall width of the machine in line with the tracks 2, probes 6 not included. Between the rear lateral forms 13 extends, just behind the transverse forms 14, a rear distribution device 16 comprising two transverse screws 17 rotating in opposite directions, aligned with each other. Each of the screws 17 is driven by a respective motor 18 fixed to the respective side formwork 13.

En aval des vis 17, relativement au sens de défilement du béton à travers l'engin, est prévu une barrette transversale de pré-égalisation 19, suivie vers l'aval par un dispositif vibrateur 21. Comme le montre la figure 1, la barrette de pré-égalisation 19 est réglable en hauteur au moyen d'un vérin 22. La figure 1 montre également que les vis 17, la barrette 19 et le dispositif vibrateur 21 sont supportés directement par le bâti 1.Downstream of the screws 17, relative to the direction of movement of the concrete through the machine, there is provided a transverse pre-equalization bar 19, followed downstream by a vibrating device 21. As shown in FIG. 1, the bar pre-equalization 19 is adjustable in height by means of a jack 22. FIG. 1 also shows that the screws 17, the bar 19 and the vibrator device 21 are supported directly by the frame 1.

En aval du vibrateur 21, donc encore plus en arrière que le vibrateur 21 par rapport aux moyens d'appui sur sol brut 2 (chenilles), une table d'extrusion 23 s'étend transversalement entre les coffrages latéraux postérieurs 13. Ainsi, la surface inférieure active 24 de la table d'extrusion 23, et en particulier son bord transversal postérieur 26 se trouvent en arrière des chenilles 2 et s'étendent sur une largeur très supérieure à la largeur libre transversalement entre les chenilles 2.Downstream of the vibrator 21, therefore even further back than the vibrator 21 with respect to the support means on rough ground 2 (tracks), an extrusion table 23 extends transversely between the rear lateral formworks 13. Thus, the active lower surface 24 of the extrusion table 23, and in particular its rear transverse edge 26 are located behind the tracks 2 and extend over a width much greater than the free width transversely between the tracks 2.

La structure de la machine comprend, outre le bâti 1, un châssis-pont 27 comprenant essentiellement deux poutres longitudinales 28 disposées à égale distance de part et d'autre du plan longitudinal médian P de l'engin, et reliées l'une à l'autre,au voisinage de leur extrémité arrière, par une entretoise 29 articulée à chaque extrémité.The structure of the machine comprises, in addition to the frame 1, a chassis-bridge 27 essentially comprising two longitudinal beams 28 placed at equal distance on either side of the median longitudinal plane P of the machine, and one connected to the 'other, near their rear end, by a spacer 29 articulated at each end.

A leur extrémité avant, les deux poutres 28 sont articulées au bâti 1 selon un axe commun X-X, au moyen de deux chapes 31. L'axe X-X est perpendiculaire au plan P. Les chapes 31 sont situées sur le dessus du bâti 1, et les poutres 28 s'étendent, dans leur région antérieure, au-dessus du bâti 1.At their front end, the two beams 28 are articulated to the frame 1 along a common axis XX, by means of two yokes 31. The axis XX is perpendicular to the plane P. The yokes 31 are located on the top of the frame 1, and the beams 28 extend, in their anterior region, above the frame 1.

A partir de son articulation au moyen des chapes 31, le châssis-pont 27 s'étend vers l'arrière et il est supporté à son extrémité arrière par deux coussins d'air 32 montés chacun à une extrémité inférieure d'un pied 33 soudé sous l'extrémité postérieure de l'une des poutres 28. Les coussins d'air 32 sont alimentés en air comprimé par des moyens non représentés.From its articulation by means of the yokes 31, the chassis-bridge 27 extends towards the rear and it is supported at its rear end by two air cushions 32 each mounted at a lower end of a welded leg 33 under the rear end of one of the beams 28. The air cushions 32 are supplied with compressed air by means not shown.

La longueur de chaque poutre 28 est telle que les coussins 32 sont situés en arrière de la table d'extrusion 23. De plus, la distance entre chaque coussin 32 et le plan longitudinal médian P de l'engin (figure 2) est inférieure à la demi-largeur de la table d'extrusion 23 de sorte que, en service, les deux coussins d'air 32 prennent appui sur la surface supérieure 39 du revêtement réalisé par l'engin.The length of each beam 28 is such that the cushions 32 are located behind the extrusion table 23. In addition, the distance between each cushion 32 and the median longitudinal plane P of the machine (FIG. 2) is less than the half-width of the extrusion table 23 so that, in service, the two air cushions 32 bear on the upper surface 39 of the covering produced by the machine.

La table d'extrusion 23 est soutenue par le châssis-pont 27, sans autre liaison mécanique avec le bâti 1. A cet effet, chaque poutre 28 porte sur son côté opposé à l'autre poutre 28 un guidage tubulaire d'axe vertical 34 dans lequel est engagée de manière coulissante une colonne 36 dont la base est fixée rigidement à la face supérieure de la table d'extrusion 23. A son extrémité supérieure, chaque colonne 36 est attelée à l'extrémité de la tige mobile 37 d'un vérin 38 de réglage en hauteur de la table d'extrusion 23.The extrusion table 23 is supported by the chassis-bridge 27, without any other mechanical connection with the frame 1. For this purpose, each beam 28 carries on its side opposite to the other beam 28 a tubular guide of vertical axis 34 in which is slidably engaged a column 36 whose base is fixed rigidly to the upper face of the extrusion table 23. At its upper end, each column 36 is coupled to the end of the movable rod 37 of a jack 38 for adjusting the height of the extrusion table 23.

Comme schématisé à la figure 1, la table 23 est sensiblement située à égale distance D d'un plan vertical passant par l'axe X-X et d'un plan vertical passant par les coussins d'air 32.As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the table 23 is substantially located at equal distance D from a vertical plane passing through the axis X-X and from a vertical plane passing through the air cushions 32.

Il importe que les coussins d'air 32 n'exercent pas sur la surface ouvrée 39 une pression susceptible d'atteindre ou de dépasser la pression minimale à partir de laquelle la surface ouvrée 39 serait déformée. Mais il importe également que cette pression ne soit pas nulle. Une pression nulle signifierait que la réaction subie par la table d'extrusion 23, réaction dirigée verticalement vers le haut, dépasse les forces de gravité s'exerçant sur la table 23. En d'autres termes, la table 23 se soulèverait sous la pression du béton s'exerçant sous elle. Compte tenu de ces deux impératifs, il a été déterminé selon l'invention que la pression exercée par les coussins d'air 32 sur la surface 39 devait rester comprise entre 1 à 5 N/cm²(100 et 500 g/cm²) environ.It is important that the air cushions 32 do not exert on the worked surface 39 a pressure capable of reaching or exceeding the minimum pressure from which the worked surface 39 would be deformed. But it is also important that this pressure is not zero. A zero pressure would mean that the reaction undergone by the extrusion table 23, reaction directed vertically upwards, exceeds the forces of gravity exerted on the table 23. In other words, the table 23 would be lifted under the pressure concrete under it. Given these two imperatives, it has been determined according to the invention that the pressure exerted by the air cushions 32 on the surface 39 should remain between 1 to 5 N / cm² (100 and 500 g / cm²) approximately.

La pression exercée par les coussins d'air 32 sur la surface 39 ne dépend pas uniquement des particularités constructives de l'engin. En effet, la réaction verticale dirigée vers le haut subie par la table d'extrusion 23 est fonction notamment de la qualité de béton qui est mise en oeuvre. D'ailleurs, de cette qualité dépend également la pression supportable par le béton de la part des coussins d'air 32. C'est pourquoi il est prévu des moyens pour régler en permanence la pression exercée sur la surface 39 par les coussins d'air 32. A ce titre, chaque coussin d'air 32 est équipé d'un détecteur de pression 41. Dans un coussin d'air, la pression est fonction du chargement supporté par le coussin d'air. Par exemple, lorsque le chargement augmente, le coussin d'air se rapproche du sol, ce qui fait diminuer son débit de fuite périphérique et augmenter la perte de charge occasionnée par cette fuite. En conséquence, la pression augmente jusqu'à ce qu'elle équilibre le nouveau chargement. Le coussin d'air se stabilise alors à cette nouvelle altitude pour laquelle la pression exercée par l'air comprimé à l'intérieur de sa chambre équilibre la charge à supporter.The pressure exerted by the air cushions 32 on the surface 39 does not depend solely on the constructive features of the machine. In fact, the vertical reaction directed upwards undergone by the extrusion table 23 depends in particular on the quality of concrete which is used. Moreover, on this quality also depends the pressure that can be supported by the concrete on the part of the air cushions 32. This is why means are provided for permanently regulating the pressure exerted on the surface 39 by the air cushions. air 32. As such, each air cushion 32 is equipped with a pressure detector 41. In an air cushion, the pressure is a function of the load supported by the air cushion. For example, when the load increases, the air cushion gets closer to the ground, which reduces its peripheral leakage rate and increases the pressure drop caused by this leak. As a result, the pressure increases until it balances the new load. The air cushion then stabilizes at this new altitude for which the pressure exerted by the compressed air inside its chamber balances the load to be supported.

Compte tenu de ce qui précéde, on comprend un autre intérêt de réguler la pression des coussins d'air dans l'engin décrit : si la pression dans les coussins d'air est sensiblement constante, l'altitude des coussins d'air au-dessus de la surface 39 est sensiblement constante, et les mouvements parasites transmis par les coussins d'air à la table d'extrusion 23 sont minimisés.In view of the foregoing, it is understandable that another advantage is to regulate the pressure of the air cushions in the device described: if the pressure in the air cushions is substantially constant, the altitude of the air cushions increases above the surface 39 is substantially constant, and the parasitic movements transmitted by the air cushions to the extrusion table 23 are minimized.

D'après les explications qui précèdent relatives aux coussins d'air en général, on comprend également que pour réguler la pression dans les coussins d'air 32, il faut agir non sur la pression d'alimentation des coussins d'air, mais sur la charge qu'ils supportent.From the above explanations relating to air cushions in general, it is also understood that to regulate the pressure in the air cushions 32, it is necessary to act not on the supply pressure of the air cushions, but on the load they bear.

A cet effet, un lest mobile 42 est monté de manière déplaçable le long de chacune des poutres 28. En pratique, chaque lest 42 est constitué par un chariot roulant sur la surface supérieure de la poutre au moyen de roulettes 43. De plus, le lest 42 porte de chaque côté de la poutre 28 associée une oreille de guidage latéral 44, laquelle porte à son tour une roulette anti-décollement 46 prenant appui sous l'aile supérieure de la poutre 28, qui dans l'exemple est une poutre en I. Une courroie 47 contournant une poulie de sortie 48 d'un servo-moteur 49 et une poulie de renvoi 51 est accrochée par ses deux extrémités 52 à deux faces opposées du lest 42. Le brin de la courroie 47 qui est continu entre les poulies 49 et 51 (le brin supérieur à la figure 1) traverse un conduit 53 pratiqué à travers le lest 42. Les signaux fournis par le détecteur 41 de chaque coussin d'air 32 est envoyé au moteur 49 porté par la même poutre 28 de manière que celui-ci commande le déplacement du lest 42 correspondant dans le sens tendant à ramener la pression dans le coussin 32 à une valeur de consigne prédéterminée.For this purpose, a movable ballast 42 is mounted in a movable manner along each of the beams 28. In practice, each ballast 42 is constituted by a carriage rolling on the upper surface of the beam by means of rollers 43. In addition, the ballast 42 carries on each side of the beam 28 associated with a lateral guide lug 44, which in turn carries an anti-detachment wheel 46 bearing under the upper wing of the beam 28, which in the example is a beam in I. A belt 47 bypassing an output pulley 48 of a servo-motor 49 and a return pulley 51 is hooked by its two ends 52 to two opposite faces of the ballast 42. The strand of the belt 47 which is continuous between the pulleys 49 and 51 (the upper strand in FIG. 1) passes through a conduit 53 formed through the ballast 42. The signals supplied by the detector 41 of each air cushion 32 is sent to the motor 49 carried by the same beam 28 so that the latter controls the movement of the corresponding ballast 42 in the direction tending to reduce the pressure in the cushion 32 to a predetermined set value.

L'engin selon l'invention comprend en outre des moyens pour détecter la position de l'outil par rapport à au moins une surface de référence.The device according to the invention further comprises means for detecting the position of the tool with respect to at least one reference surface.

Dans l'exemple représenté, ces moyens comprennent des palpeurs 54 (figure 2) coopérant chacun avec l'un des fils 4, la surface de référence étant donc celle définie par les fils 4, qui, de part et d'autre de la chaussée à réaliser, sont disposés à égale hauteur au-dessus du plan théorique de la surface 39.In the example shown, these means comprise feelers 54 (FIG. 2) each cooperating with one of the wires 4, the reference surface therefore being that defined by the wires 4, which on either side of the road to be produced, are arranged at equal height above the theoretical plane of the surface 39.

On utilise également comme surface de référence la surface 39 de la chaussée réalisée, et plus particulièrement deux régions de cette surface situées au voisinage des bords latéraux 56 de la surface 39 et à une certaine distance en arrière de la table d'extrusion 23, par exemple trois métres en arrière de la table 23.The surface 39 of the pavement produced is also used as a reference surface, and more particularly two regions of this surface located in the vicinity of the lateral edges 56 of the surface 39 and at a certain distance behind the extrusion table 23, by example three meters behind table 23.

Pour réaliser cette détection, l'engin selon l'invention comprend deux dispositifs 57 dits "règles traînées" comprenant une règle 58 dont une extrémité antérieure est reliée à la face arrière de la table d'extrusion par un câble de traction 59 (figure 1) parallèle à la surface 39. Chaque extrémité de la règle 58 repose sur la surface 39 par un patin 61. Chaque règle 58 porte un émetteur 62 de rayon électromagnétique 63 pouvant être un rayon UV, X ou laser. La position de chaque détecteur 62 est réglée avec précision pour que le rayon 63 soit émis parallèlement à la surface 39 telle que détectée par les deux patins 61 associés, et à une hauteur bien déterminée au-dessus de la surface 39 ainsi détectée.To carry out this detection, the machine according to the invention comprises two devices 57 known as "drag rules" comprising a rule 58, one front end of which is connected to the rear face of the extrusion table by a traction cable 59 (FIG. 1 ) parallel to the surface 39. Each end of the rule 58 rests on the surface 39 by a pad 61. Each rule 58 carries an emitter 62 of electromagnetic ray 63 which may be a UV, X or laser ray. The position of each detector 62 is precisely adjusted so that the ray 63 is emitted parallel to the surface 39 as detected by the two associated pads 61, and at a well-determined height above the surface 39 thus detected.

La face postérieure de la table d'extrusion 23 porte face à chaque émetteur 62 un détecteur 64 voisin de l'une des extrémités latérales de la table. Comme représenté à la figure 9, la surface sensible 66 du détecteur 64 est subdivisée en zones échelonnées verticalement. Il s'agit par exemple de cellules photo-électriques échelonnées verticalement. Chaque détecteur 64 émet un signal de sortie constitué par exemple par un courant dont l'intensité est fonction de l'altitude de la cellule photo-électrique qui est frappée par le rayon 63.The rear face of the extrusion table 23 carries, opposite each emitter 62, a detector 64 close to one of the lateral ends of the table. As shown in FIG. 9, the sensitive surface 66 of the detector 64 is subdivided into vertically staggered zones. These are for example photoelectric cells staggered vertically. Each detector 64 emits an output signal constituted for example by a current whose intensity is a function of the altitude of the photoelectric cell which is struck by the radius 63.

De chaque côté du plan P, les signaux émis par le détecteur 64 et par le palpeur 54, lequel fournit lui aussi un courant dont l'intensité est fonction de la hauteur relative de l'extrémité correspondante de la table 23 par rapport au fil 4 voisin, sont utilisés pour régler la position en hauteur de ladite extrémité de la table 23, grâce au vérin 38 situé du même côté du plan P.On each side of the plane P, the signals emitted by the detector 64 and by the probe 54, which also provides a current whose intensity is a function of the relative height of the corresponding end of the table 23 relative to the wire 4 neighbor, are used to adjust the height position of said end of the table 23, thanks to the jack 38 located on the same side of the plane P.

En pratique, comme le montre la figure 10, le signal en provenance de la sortie 67 associé au palpeur 54 et le signal en provenance de la sortie 68 du détecteur 64 situé du même côté du plan P, sont additionnés avec le cas échéant une pondération, dans un circuit additionneur 69. Le signal sortant est amplifié au moyen d'un amplificateur 71. La sortie 72 de l'amplificateur 71 sert à la commande d'une électrovanne proportionnelle 73 commandant à son tour l'alimentation du vérin 38 situé du même côté du plan P.In practice, as shown in FIG. 10, the signal from the output 67 associated with the probe 54 and the signal from the output 68 of the detector 64 located on the same side of the plane P, are added with a weighting if necessary. , in an adder circuit 69. The outgoing signal is amplified by means of an amplifier 71. The output 72 of the amplifier 71 is used to control a proportional solenoid valve 73 in turn controlling the supply of the jack 38 located in the same side of plane P.

Les signaux présents sur les sorties 67 et 68 sont additionnés algébriquement par le circuit 69.The signals present on outputs 67 and 68 are added algebraically by circuit 69.

Ceci signifie que :

  • si le palpeur 54 détecte pour l'extrémité correspondante de la table 23 une hauteur insuffisante par rapport au fil 4 et si le détecteur 64 détecte lui aussi une hauteur insuffisante par rapport à la règle 58, les deux signaux s'ajoutent pour commander un débit important vers le vérin 38 correspondant, dans le sens de la montée de la table 23 ;
  • il en va de même si le palpeur 54 et le détecteur 64 détectent une hauteur excessive de la table 23 par rapport aux fils 4 et par rapport à la règle 58 respectivement ; toutefois, le vérin 38 est alors commandé dans le sens de la descente ;
  • si les détections du palpeur 54 et du détecteur 64 sont contraires, (par exemple si le détecteur 64 détecte une hauteur excessive de l'outil 23 par rapport à la règle 58 alors que le palpeur 54 détecte une hauteur insuffisante par rapport au fil 4), le signal fourni par le détecteur 64 est retranché de celui fourni par le palpeur 54, pour limiter le débit envoyé au vérin 38 dans le sens déterminé par le palpeur 54.
This means that:
  • if the probe 54 detects for the corresponding end of the table 23 an insufficient height compared to the wire 4 and if the detector 64 also detects an insufficient height compared to the rule 58, the two signals are added to control a flow important towards the corresponding actuator 38, in the direction of the rise of the table 23;
  • the same applies if the probe 54 and the detector 64 detect an excessive height of the table 23 relative to the wires 4 and relative to the rule 58 respectively ; however, the jack 38 is then controlled in the direction of descent;
  • if the detections of the probe 54 and of the detector 64 are contrary, (for example if the detector 64 detects an excessive height of the tool 23 relative to the rule 58 while the probe 54 detects an insufficient height relative to the wire 4) , the signal supplied by the detector 64 is subtracted from that supplied by the probe 54, in order to limit the flow rate sent to the jack 38 in the direction determined by the probe 54.

En pratique, la détection effectuée par référence à la surface 39 joue un rôle d'amortisseur à l'égard des corrections commandées par référence aux fils 4. Par exemple, si un tronçon de chaussée a été réalisé légèrement en dessous de la cote théorique, le mouvement de l'outil 23 pour corriger sa position va très rapidement provoquer un signal de surhauteur de la part des détecteurs 64, qui se réfèrent au tronçon trop bas, signal qui ralentira la montée ultérieure de l'outil 23 sous la commande des palpeurs 54.In practice, the detection carried out by reference to the surface 39 acts as a damper with regard to the corrections controlled by reference to the wires 4. For example, if a section of roadway has been made slightly below the theoretical dimension, the movement of the tool 23 to correct its position will very quickly cause a height signal from the detectors 64, which refer to the section too low, a signal which will slow the subsequent rise of the tool 23 under the control of the probes 54.

Le châssis-pont 27 est conçu pour permettre à ses deux poutres 28 de pivoter indépendamment l'une de l'autre autour de l'axe X-X dans un certain débattement angulaire relatif de l'ordre par exemple d'environ 2 cm au droit de la table d'extrusion 23. Ceci est permis notamment par le montage articulé de l'entretoise 29. Dans le même but, les colonnes 36 ont un léger jeu latéral dans les guides 34. Cette indépendance limitée des poutres 28 l'une par rapport à l'autre permet de régler indépendamment la pression dans chaque coussin 32 et la hauteur de chaque extrémité de l'outil 23.The chassis-bridge 27 is designed to allow its two beams 28 to pivot independently of one another around the axis XX in a certain relative angular movement of the order for example of about 2 cm at the right of the extrusion table 23. This is allowed in particular by the articulated mounting of the spacer 29. For the same purpose, the columns 36 have a slight lateral clearance in the guides 34. This limited independence of the beams 28 relative to one another the other allows the pressure in each cushion 32 and the height of each end of the tool 23 to be adjusted independently.

L'engin comprend en outre, en arrière de l'axe d'articulation X-X, deux vérins 74 interposés chacun entre le bâti 1 et l'une respective des poutres 28. Les vérins 74 sont prévus pour supporter le châssis-pont 27 sans que celui-ci prenne appui sur ses coussins d'air 32. Ceci peut être nécessaire en début de chantier, lorsqu'il n'existe pas encore derrière la machine une surface 39 adéquate. Ceci peut être encore nécessaire lorsque, suite par exemple à un incident, la pression dans les coussins d'air 32 est insuffisante pour supporter le châssis-pont 27. Dans ce cas, la mise en action des vérins 74 est automatique pour éviter de détériorer la surface 39.Enfin, les vérins 74 sont utilisés lors du transport de la machine.The machine further comprises, behind the hinge axis XX, two jacks 74 each interposed between the frame 1 and a respective one of the beams 28. The jacks 74 are provided to support the chassis-bridge 27 without it takes support on its air cushions 32. This can be necessary at the start of construction, when there is not yet an adequate surface behind the machine. This may still be necessary when, for example following an incident, the pressure in the air cushions 32 is insufficient to support the bridge chassis 27. In this case, the actuation of the jacks 74 is automatic to avoid deterioration the surface 39. Finally, the jacks 74 are used during transport of the machine.

En fonctionnement, le béton collecté entre les coffrages latéraux avant 7 (figure 4) est réparti par la vis 9 (figure 5), puis par les répartiteurs 16 jusqu'aux coffrages latéraux postérieurs 13 (Figure 6), pré-égalisé par la barrette 19, vibré (figure 7) puis mis à niveau définitif par la table d'extrusion 23 (figure 8) qui forme avec les coffrages latéraux 13 un tunnel d'extrusion mobile.In operation, the concrete collected between the front side forms 7 (Figure 4) is distributed by the screw 9 (Figure 5), then by the distributors 16 to the rear side forms 13 (Figure 6), pre-equalized by the bar 19, vibrated (FIG. 7) then leveled definitively by the extrusion table 23 (FIG. 8) which forms, with the side forms 13, a mobile extrusion tunnel.

Pour que cette extrusion ait lieu, un moteur 76 de l'engin, monté sur le bâti 1, entraîne les chenilles 2. En même temps, le bâti 1 s'autopositionne en hauteur grâce aux palpeurs 6 et aux vérins 3.For this extrusion to take place, a motor 76 of the machine, mounted on the frame 1, drives the tracks 2. At the same time, the frame 1 is self-positioning in height thanks to the feelers 6 and to the jacks 3.

La table d'extrusion 23 est située à mi-chemin entre l'axe X-X et les coussins d'air 32. L'axe X-X, étant porté par le bâti 1 stabilisé en hauteur, ne subit de la part du bâti 1 que les faibles mouvements verticaux qui n'ont pas pu être filtrés par le dispositif d'auto-positionnement 3, 4, 6. Les mouvements de tangage du bâti 1 sont filtrés par l'articulation X-X et ne sont donc pas transmis sous forme d'oscillations verticales amplifiées à l'outil 23.The extrusion table 23 is located halfway between the axis XX and the air cushions 32. The axis XX, being carried by the frame 1 stabilized in height, only undergoes from the frame 1 the weak vertical movements which could not be filtered by the self-positioning device 3, 4, 6. The pitching movements of the frame 1 are filtered by the joint XX and are therefore not transmitted in the form of oscillations amplified with tool 23.

A son extrémité arrière, le châssis 27 repose sur la surface ouvrée 39. Les seules oscillations auxquelles peut être soumise cette extrémité du châssis-pont sont dûes aux éventuels défauts de la surface 39 et aux éventuels mouvements verticaux des coussins d'air 32 par rapport à la surface 39. Ces deux types de perturbations sont de très faible amplitude. L'outil 23 est donc suspendu à mi-distance entre deux lignes d'appui (articulation X-X et coussin d'air 32) dont aucune n'est exposée à des perturbations importantes. De plus, chaque perturbation n'est transmise qu'avec une amplitude divisée par deux à l'outil 23.At its rear end, the chassis 27 rests on the worked surface 39. The only oscillations to which this end of the bridge chassis can be subjected are due to possible defects in the surface 39 and to possible vertical movements of the air cushions 32 relative to on the surface 39. These two types of disturbances are of very small amplitude. The tool 23 is therefore suspended midway between two support lines (joint XX and air cushion 32) none of which is exposed to significant disturbances. In addition, each disturbance is only transmitted with an amplitude divided by two to the tool 23.

De plus, toute erreur sur la position de l'outil 23 est détectée par les palpeurs 54 et/ou par les détecteurs 64 et la position de l'outil est corrigée grâce aux vérins 38. La qualité d'uni de la surface ouvrée 39 s'en trouve encore améliorée, ce qui, à son tour, améliore la qualité du support procuré au châssis-pont 27 par les coussins d'air 32.In addition, any error in the position of the tool 23 is detected by the probes 54 and / or by the detectors 64 and the position of the tool is corrected by means of the jacks 38. The quality of uniformity of the worked surface 39 this is further improved, which in turn improves the quality of the support provided to the bridge chassis 27 by the air cushions 32.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown.

L'invention pourrait être appliquée à d'autres types d'outil, par exemple les fraises de surface.The invention could be applied to other types of tool, for example surface cutters.

Il n'est pas indispensable de détecter la position de l'outil et de remédier aux défauts résiduels de son positionnement. Une qualité d'uni déjà satisfaisante est obtenue si l'outil est, pendant le travail, fixé au châssis-pont, l'outil pouvant cependant être réglable en hauteur pour permettre la réalisation de revêtements de différentes épaisseurs.It is not essential to detect the position of the tool and to remedy residual defects in its positioning. An already satisfactory quality of uni is obtained if the tool is, during work, fixed to the chassis-bridge, the tool being able however to be adjustable in height to allow the realization of coatings of different thicknesses.

Le réglage en hauteur de l'outil pourrait s'effectuer en réglant en hauteur le châssis-pont 27 par rapport aux coussins d'air 32 ou par rapport au bâti 1 (réglage en hauteur de l'axe X-X).The height adjustment of the tool could be carried out by adjusting the height of the chassis-bridge 27 with respect to the air cushions 32 or with respect to the frame 1 (height adjustment of the axis X-X).

Il est encore envisagable que le bâti repose sur les chenilles 2 sans moyen d'auto-positionnement en hauteur, la seule détection de position étant faite sur l'outil, l'outil s'auto-positionnant par référence à des repères constitués par les fils 4 et/ou par les rayons 63.It is also conceivable that the frame rests on the tracks 2 without means of self-positioning in height, the only position detection being made on the tool, the tool self-positioning by reference to marks constituted by the wires 4 and / or by spokes 63.

Il serait encore possible que seul le bâti 1 comporte des détecteurs tels que les palpeurs 6, mais que le bâti 1 ne soit pas auto-positionné en hauteur par rapport aux chenilles 2, les informations en provenance des palpeurs étant utilisées pour auto-positionner l'outil, par exemple à l'aide des vérins 38.It would also be possible that only the frame 1 includes detectors such as the probes 6, but that the frame 1 is not self-positioned in height relative to the tracks 2, the information coming from the probes being used to auto-position the tool, for example using the jacks 38.

Pour l'appui du châssis-pont sur la surface ouvrée, on peut prévoir, à la place des coussins d'air, des patins, un ou plusieurs organes de roulement à large aire de contact (pneus basse pression) etc...For the support of the chassis-bridge on the worked surface, one can provide, instead of air cushions, pads, one or more running gear with large contact area (low pressure tires) etc ...

Claims (24)

  1. A method of working a surface of ground by means of a machine which is moved along the surface to be worked, said machine having a tool (23) which is in contact with said surface, means for resting on rough ground (2) situated ahead of a transverse rear end (26) of said tool (23), said tool during operation abutting the underside of a bridge-type frame a front end of which is supported by said means for resting on rough ground (2) via a joint (31) having its axis (XX) extending transversely to the central longitudinal plane (P) of the machine, and a rear end of which rests on the worked surface (39) via distributed movable bearing means under a pressure sufficiently low to avoid any significant alteration in the worked surface (39), characterised in that means (3, 38) at least indirectly supporting the tool (23) are adjusted vertically so that the tool follows a path substantially independant of irregularities in an unworked region (5) of ground, and in that during operation a pressure exerted by said rear end of said bridge-type frame (27) on the worked surface (39) is adjusted.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the pressure is adjusted by moving a weight (42) along the bridge-type frame (27).
  3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pressure is detected and is continuously adjusted so as to keep it substantially constant.
  4. A method according to claim 3, characterised in that the rear end of the bridge-type frame is supported on the worked surface (39) via at least one air cushion (32) and the aforementioned pressure is detected by detecting a pressure in the air cushion (32).
  5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the tool is an extrusion plate (23) forming part of a tunnel-shaped movable form (23, 13) which is supplied with a coating material such as cement concrete or asphaltic concrete (8).
  6. A method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised by use of a tool (23) having a useful width greater than a free width between the means (2) resting on rough ground.
  7. A method according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the pressure exerted on the ground by the distributed movable bearing means (32) is adjusted to about 1 to 5 N/cm² (100 to 500 g/cm²).
  8. A method according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that on the one hand the vertical position of a structure (1) bearing the joint (31) and connected to the means (2) resting on rough ground and on the other hand the vertical position of the tool (23) are adjusted relative to an ideal surface to which the surface of the worked ground (39) is to be kept parallel.
  9. A method according to claim 8, characterised in that the vertical position of the tool (23) is adjusted relative to the bridge-type frame (27).
  10. A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the reference surface is defined by means of wires (4) disposed at fixed positions longitudinally on either side of the path of the machine, and sensors (54) connected to the tool (23) co-operate with the wires (4).
  11. A machine for working a surface of ground, more particularly for carrying out the method according to any of claims 1 to 10, comprising a structure (1) which reste in movable manner on an unworked region of ground (5) via means (2) resting on rough ground, a bridge-type frame (27) having a front end supported by the structure (1) via a joint (31) having its axis (XX) extending transversely to the central longitudinal plane (P) of the machine, and a rear end provided with distributed movable bearing means (32) on the worked surface, and a tool (23) mounted on the bridge-type frame (27) and having a rear transverse end (26) situated behind the means resting on rough ground, characterised in that it also comprises means (3, 38) for vertically adjusting the means (1, 36) at least indirectly supporting the tool (23), so that the tool follows a path substantially independent of the irregularities in the unworked region of ground (5), and means (42 to 44, 46 to 49) for adjusting the pressure exerted on the worked surface (39) by the distributed movable bearing means (32).
  12. A machine according to claim 11, characterised in that the pressure-adjusting means comprise a weight (42) movable along the bridge-type frame (27).
  13. A machine according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the rear transverse end (26) of the tool (23) has a useful length greater than a free transverse distance between the means (2) resting on rough ground.
  14. A machine according to any of claims 11 to 13, characterised by means (54, 64) for detecting the position of the tool (23) with respect to a reference surface, the detection means supplying a signal for controlling at least some (38) of the means for vertically adjusting the tool (23).
  15. A machine according to claim 14, characterised in that the detection means comprise sensors (54) for following marks (4) situated at fixed positions longitudinally on either side of the surface to be worked.
  16. A machine according to claim 14 or 15, characterised in that the detection means comprise means (57, 64) for detecting the position of the tool (23) with respect to a region of the worked surface (39) situated some distance to the rear of the tool (23).
  17. A machine according to claim 16, characterised in that the means for detecting the position of the tool (23) relative to a region of the worked surface (39) comprise a means (57) drawn by the machine in contact with the aforementioned region of the worked surface (39) and means (52, 64) for detecting the position of the tool (23) relative to the drawn means (57).
  18. A machine according to claim 17, characterised in that the means for detecting the relative position comprise a transmitter (62) or radiation (63) carried by the drawn means (57), and a detecting surface (66) carried by the tool (23) and sensitive to the vertical position where the radiation (66) strikes it.
  19. A machine according to any of claims 14 to 18, characterised in that the means for vertically adjusting the tool comprise means (3) for vertically adjusting the frame (1) relative to the means (2) resting on rough ground, and means (38) for modifying the geometry of the machine between the joint (XX) and the distributed movable bearing means (32), the means (54, 64) for detecting the position of the tool (23) supplying a signal for controlling the geometry-modifying means (38).
  20. A machine according to claim 19, characterised in that the means for modifying the geometry of the machine are means for adjusting the position of the tool (23) relative to the bridge-type frame (27).
  21. A machine according to any of claims 11 to 20, characterised in that the tool is an extrusion plate (23) which, together with two lateral forms (13), constitutes an extrusion tunnel mounted downstream of means (7, 9, 16, 19) for supplying and distributing a coating material (8) such as cement concrete or asphaltic concrete, the lateral forms (13) and the supply and distribution means (7, 9, 16, 19) being carried by the structure (1).
  22. A machine according to any of claims 11 to 21, characterised in that it comprises means (74) for supporting the frame or bridge (27) relative to the structure (1) in the evant when the bridge-type frame (27) is not resting on the worked surface (39), more particularly at the beginning of working.
  23. A machine according to any of claims 11 to 22, characterised in that the distributed moving bearing means (32) comprise at least one air cushion.
  24. A machine according to any of claims 11 to 23, characterised in that the bridge-type frame (27) comprises two longitudinal components (28) having limited angular freedom around the pivot axis (XX) and each supporting the tool (23) on one respective side of a longitudinal plane (P) through the centre of the machine.
EP89402278A 1988-08-18 1989-08-11 Process and apparatus for working a ground surface, especially for covering a road Expired - Lifetime EP0356311B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89402278T ATE83019T1 (en) 1988-08-18 1989-08-11 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING A FLOOR AREA, IN PARTICULAR FOR COVERING A STREET.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8810998A FR2635543B1 (en) 1988-08-18 1988-08-18 METHOD AND DEVICES FOR OPENING A FLOOR SURFACE, PARTICULARLY FOR COVERING A PAVEMENT
FR8810998 1988-08-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0356311A1 EP0356311A1 (en) 1990-02-28
EP0356311B1 true EP0356311B1 (en) 1992-12-02

Family

ID=9369397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89402278A Expired - Lifetime EP0356311B1 (en) 1988-08-18 1989-08-11 Process and apparatus for working a ground surface, especially for covering a road

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5009544A (en)
EP (1) EP0356311B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE83019T1 (en)
DE (1) DE68903706T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2036820T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2635543B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3007085T3 (en)

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DE19647150C2 (en) 1996-11-14 2001-02-01 Moba Mobile Automation Gmbh Device and method for controlling the installation height of a road finisher
US5971657A (en) * 1997-02-12 1999-10-26 Medico, Jr.; John J. Paving machine for forming porous pavement construction
US6183160B1 (en) * 1998-03-31 2001-02-06 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Screeding apparatus and method incorporating oscillating attachment
US6227761B1 (en) 1998-10-27 2001-05-08 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Apparatus and method for three-dimensional contouring
US7399139B2 (en) * 1998-10-27 2008-07-15 Somero Enterprises, Inc. Apparatus and method for three-dimensional contouring
WO2001043932A1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2001-06-21 Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. Concrete placing and screeding apparatus and method
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US20040146354A1 (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-29 Gene Goodwin Two-piece main frame assembly for paving vehicles
US20050163565A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2005-07-28 Quenzi Philip J. Concrete-chute strike-off device
US7311466B2 (en) * 2004-07-06 2007-12-25 Somero Enterprises, Inc. Apparatus and method for subgrade preparation
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE68903706T2 (en) 1993-07-01
GR3007085T3 (en) 1993-07-30
DE68903706D1 (en) 1993-01-14
FR2635543B1 (en) 1991-10-18
US5009544A (en) 1991-04-23
EP0356311A1 (en) 1990-02-28
FR2635543A1 (en) 1990-02-23
ATE83019T1 (en) 1992-12-15
ES2036820T3 (en) 1993-06-01

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