EP0348269B1 - Cable terminal and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Cable terminal and method for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0348269B1
EP0348269B1 EP89401632A EP89401632A EP0348269B1 EP 0348269 B1 EP0348269 B1 EP 0348269B1 EP 89401632 A EP89401632 A EP 89401632A EP 89401632 A EP89401632 A EP 89401632A EP 0348269 B1 EP0348269 B1 EP 0348269B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal portion
insulating
edge
face
deformed
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89401632A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0348269A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Hauchard
François Loisel
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Legrand SA
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Legrand SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R11/00—Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts
    • H01R11/11—End pieces or tapping pieces for wires, supported by the wire and for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal or conductive member
    • H01R11/28—End pieces consisting of a ferrule or sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the wiring accessories to be attached to the previously stripped end of the conductive core of an electrical conductor in order to make it easier and safer to connect to any terminal, in particular when this conductive core is formed of a plurality of strands suitably stranded.
  • these wiring accessories which, commonly known as cable ends, comprise, on the one hand, a metallic part, generally tubular, which is that intended to be engaged on the stripped end of the conductive core of the electrical conductor to be fitted, for the wiring thereof, and, on the other hand, an insulating part, which, forming a collar, is engaged, by a front section, with the metal part, and which is intended for its part, to cover, by a rear section, wider than the front section, the corresponding end of the insulating sheath of this electrical conductor.
  • One of the problems to be solved, in the production of wiring end pieces of this type, relates to the assembly to be provided between the metal part and the insulating part for a suitable relative joining of the latter.
  • the metal part For its assembly to the insulating part, the metal part has, at its internal end, a development, in a truncated cone, which comes to marry, and on the other, the synthetic material constituting this insulating part.
  • this joint of overmolding can constitute an obstacle for one or the other of the strands of the conductive core to be engaged in the metallic part, and thus lead this or these strands to plug, which, on the one hand, constitutes a discomfort to the with regard to the installation of the cable end fitting during installation, which may lead to the scrapping thereof, and which, on the other hand, in the event that this installation is nevertheless finally carried out, and independently of the impact of such a plugging on the electrical quality of the connection then ensured, may subsequently give rise to incidents, if, for example, the plugged strand (s) protrude outside the cable end piece, or, broken, escape this here.
  • the internal end of the part metallic is the object, by swaging, in this one, of a deformation, for its adequacy of shape with the corresponding portion of this insulating part.
  • the corresponding deformation is limited to leading to a plating, against the wall concerned of the insulating part, of the internal end, thus worked, of the metal part.
  • the crimping force to be applied is relatively large, of the order for example of 35 kg for a cable end whose metallic part has a section of 1.5 mm2, and, in practice, it is necessary to butt outwardly. the insulating part to collect it, which complicates operations, to the detriment of the cost of the assembly, and which further accentuates the relative rigidity of the insulating part with respect to the metal part, for the benefit of the "rebound" to be avoided .
  • the present invention generally relates to a provision suitable for ensuring in a simple and effective manner, and without resulting in any risk of corking, the assembly, one to the other, insulating and metallic parts of a cable end piece, or, at least, to participate in such an assembly.
  • a wiring end piece of the kind comprising a metal part, generally tubular, which is intended to be engaged on the end, previously stripped, of the conductive core of an electrical conductor, for the wiring thereof, and an insulating part, which, forming a collar, is engaged, by a front section, with the metal part, and is intended to cover, by a rear section, wider than the front section, the corresponding end of the insulating sheath of such an electrical conductor, this cable end being generally characterized in that, the internal end of the metal part, initially straight, is generally deformed in the shape of a tulip, the outer edge of its edge forms an anchoring edge by which it is engaged with the insulating part, and it extends opposite a transverse shoulder of this insulating part whose internal diameter laughing is lower than that of the circumference along which extends the inside of its said wafer edge.
  • this anchoring edge penetrates like a wedge into the insulating part.
  • This anchoring is distinguished from an overmolding, on the one hand because, the insulating part being carried out beforehand, it is practiced after the engagement of the metallic part in this insulating part, and on the other hand because, at its term , the material of this insulating part extends only on one side of this metal part, and not on either side of it.
  • the anchoring used according to the invention can advantageously be carried out by swaging, using a simple conical punch.
  • this effort proves to be reduced by at least two thirds, passing for example from 35 kg to 10 kg for a cable end fitting whose metal part has a section of 1.5 mm2.
  • the internal end, thus blunted, of the metal part attacks a straight portion, devoid of any shoulder, of the internal surface of the insulating part.
  • the internal diameter is less than that of the circumference along which its own internal edge extends.
  • this metal part is set back relative to this insulating part.
  • the punch put implemented for its execution also has the advantage of ensuring a certain deburring of the insulating part during its introduction into it and of aligning perfectly with it the metal part, which makes it even easier the subsequent introduction of an electrical conductor overall.
  • the anchoring according to the invention can, if desired, be sufficient in itself.
  • the anchoring according to the invention can also advantageously allow, if desired, a reduction in the thickness of the adhesive film used.
  • the wiring end piece 10 comprises, on the one hand, a metallic part 11, generally tubular, which is intended to be engaged on the end 12, previously stripped, of the conductive core 13 of an electrical conductor 14, for the wiring thereof, and, on the other hand, an insulating part 15, which, forming a collar, is engaged, by a front section 16, with the metal part 11 above, and which is intended to cover, by a rear section 17, wider than the front section 16, the corresponding end 18 of the insulating sheath 19 of such an electrical conductor 14.
  • the metal part 11 forms a barrel which is circularly closed on itself, without any discontinuity, and it is generally cylindrical.
  • this metal part could as well result from the rolling of an initially flat blank, and therefore have, longitudinally, a slot, straight or oblique, rectilinear or corrugated, and open or closed, for example by welding, and / or that it can be more or less frustoconical, while then converging in the direction opposite to the insulating part 15.
  • the front section 16 of the insulating part 15 is, itself, generally cylindrical in the embodiment shown, forming, internally, a housing 20, which, bounded by a transverse shoulder 21, is clean, according to modalities which, not falling within the scope of the present invention, will not be described in detail here, at a fitting, with clearance, but with centering, of the metal part 11, and being connected, externally, to the associated rear section 17, by fins 23, which, regularly distributed circularly, extend generally radially, and which, level with the external contour of this rear section 17 at its connection to the latter, are tapered towards the outlet of the front section 16.
  • the internal end 25 of the metal part 11, initially straight, is generally deformed in the shape of a tulip, going in blooming radially in the direction opposite to the axis of the assembly, the external edge 26 of its edge 27 forms an anchoring edge by which it is engaged with the insulating part 15.
  • internal end 25 of the metal part 11 is meant here the portion of this metal part immediately adjacent to its edge 27, and the outer edge 26 of this edge 27 forms the periphery of larger diameter.
  • the anchoring edge formed by this outer edge 26 penetrates in the manner of a wedge into the insulating part 15, and, more precisely, into the corresponding internal wall of the front section 16 of this insulating part 15.
  • the amplitude d of the radial offset of this outer edge 26, measured by relative to the external surface of the current portion 29 of the metal part 11, is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness e of its wall.
  • this amplitude d of the radial offset of the outer edge 26 forming the anchoring edge is at most equal to the thickness e of the wall of the metal part 11.
  • the internal diameter D1 of this transverse shoulder 21 is less than that D2 of the circumference along which extends the internal edge 28 of the edge 27 of this deformed internal end 25.
  • this adhesive film 30 is confined by the deformed internal end 25 of the metal part 11.
  • the metal part 11, whose wall thickness e is in practice uniform over its entire length, is generally straight, FIG. 4A.
  • the metal part 11 is then suitably centered in the insulating part 15, and, by its internal surface, it extends in continuity with the internal surface of the latter.
  • the introduction of the punch 32 is continued until, making contact, through its active part 33, with the internal end 25 of the metal part 11, and until, the corresponding axial force F being made sufficient for this purpose, it causes, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4B, the tulip deformation sought for this internal end 25, with, jointly, and as also diagrammatically shown in FIG. 4B, an elastic deformation of the insulating part 15 .
  • the punch 32 can be turned on itself around its axis.
  • the insulating part 15 resumes its initial configuration elastically, while the deformed internal end 25 of the metal part 11 is possibly only subject to a more moderate elastic "rebound".
  • the anchoring thus produced can be carried out before the adhesive film 30 is put in place.
  • the anchoring according to the invention can be carried out after the glue film 30 has been put in place, being then performed before the polymerization of the corresponding glue.

Landscapes

  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne d'une manière générale les accessoires de câblage à rapporter sur l'extrémité préalablement dénudée de l'âme conductrice d'un conducteur électrique en vue d'en rendre plus aisée et plus sûre la connexion à une quelconque borne, notamment lorsque cette âme conductrice est formée d'une pluralité de brins convenablement toronnés.The present invention relates generally to the wiring accessories to be attached to the previously stripped end of the conductive core of an electrical conductor in order to make it easier and safer to connect to any terminal, in particular when this conductive core is formed of a plurality of strands suitably stranded.

Elle vise plus précisément ceux de ces accessoires de câblage qui, communément dits embouts de câblage, comportent, d'une part, une partie métallique, globalement tubulaire, qui est celle destinée à être engagée sur l'extrémité dénudée de l'âme conductrice du conducteur électrique à équiper, pour le câblage de celui-ci, et, d'autre part, une partie isolante, qui, formant collerette, est en prise, par un tronçon avant, avec la partie métallique, et qui est destinée, elle, à coiffer, par un tronçon arrière, plus large que le tronçon avant, l'extrémité correspondante de la gaine isolante de ce conducteur électrique.It is more specifically aimed at those of these wiring accessories which, commonly known as cable ends, comprise, on the one hand, a metallic part, generally tubular, which is that intended to be engaged on the stripped end of the conductive core of the electrical conductor to be fitted, for the wiring thereof, and, on the other hand, an insulating part, which, forming a collar, is engaged, by a front section, with the metal part, and which is intended for its part, to cover, by a rear section, wider than the front section, the corresponding end of the insulating sheath of this electrical conductor.

L'un des problèmes à résoudre, dans la réalisation des embouts de câblage de ce type, tient à l'assemblage à assurer entre la partie métallique et la partie isolante pour une solidarisation relative convenable de celles-ci.One of the problems to be solved, in the production of wiring end pieces of this type, relates to the assembly to be provided between the metal part and the insulating part for a suitable relative joining of the latter.

Le plus souvent, à ce jour, il est procédé par surmoulage.Most often, to date, it is done by overmolding.

C'est le cas, par exemple, pour l'embout de câblage faisant l'objet du brevet français qui, déposé le 20 Octobre 1965 sous le No 35.521, a été publié sous le No 1.468.859.This is the case, for example, for the cable end fitting which is the subject of the French patent which, filed on October 20, 1965 under No 35.521, was published under No 1.468.859.

C'est le cas, également, pour celui faisant l'objet de la demande de brevet français qui, déposée le 9 Juillet 1973 sous le No 73 29221, a été publiée sous le No 2.277.419.This is also the case for that which is the subject of the French patent application which, filed on July 9, 1973 under No 73 29221, was published under No 2,277,419.

Pour son assemblage à la partie isolante, la partie métallique présente, à son extrémité interne, un épanouissement, en tronc de cône, que vient épouser, de part et d'autre, la matière synthétique constitutive de cette partie isolante.For its assembly to the insulating part, the metal part has, at its internal end, a development, in a truncated cone, which comes to marry, and on the other, the synthetic material constituting this insulating part.

Bien que cette disposition ait donné et puisse encore donner satisfaction, elle présente des inconvénients, qui sont les suivants.Although this arrangement has given and may still give satisfaction, it has drawbacks, which are as follows.

Tout d'abord, et surtout, la dépose de la partie métallique dans le moule nécessaire au surmoulage de la partie isolante s'avère difficile, au détriment de la productivité, et, donc, des coûts.First of all, and above all, the removal of the metal part in the mold necessary for the overmolding of the insulating part proves difficult, to the detriment of productivity, and, therefore, of costs.

En outre, si, dans un embout de câblage à partie isolante ainsi surmoulée sur la partie métallique, le joint de surmoulage entre partie isolante et partie métallique n'est pas convenablement contrôlé, et ce contrôle n'est pas nécessairement aisé, ce joint de surmoulage peut constituer un obstacle pour l'un ou l'autre des brins de l'âme conductrice à engager dans la partie métallique, et conduire ainsi ce ou ces brins à bouchonner, ce qui, d'une part, constitue une gêne à l'égard de la mise en place de l'embout de câblage en cours de pose pouvant conduire au rebut de celui-ci, et ce qui, d'autre part, dans l'hypothèse où cette mise en place est malgré tout finalement effectuée, et indépendamment de l'incidence d'un tel bouchonnage sur la qualité électrique de la connexion ensuite assurée, peut ultérieurement donner lieu à des incidents, si, par exemple, le ou les brins ayant bouchonné font saillie hors de l'embout de câblage, ou, cassés, échappent à celui-ci.In addition, if, in a cable end fitting with insulating part thus overmolded on the metal part, the overmolding joint between insulating part and metallic part is not suitably checked, and this check is not necessarily easy, this joint of overmolding can constitute an obstacle for one or the other of the strands of the conductive core to be engaged in the metallic part, and thus lead this or these strands to plug, which, on the one hand, constitutes a discomfort to the with regard to the installation of the cable end fitting during installation, which may lead to the scrapping thereof, and which, on the other hand, in the event that this installation is nevertheless finally carried out, and independently of the impact of such a plugging on the electrical quality of the connection then ensured, may subsequently give rise to incidents, if, for example, the plugged strand (s) protrude outside the cable end piece, or, broken, escape this here.

Pour assurer l'assemblage entre la partie isolante et la partie métallique d'un embout de câblage, il a également déjà été proposé de procéder par sertissage.To ensure the assembly between the insulating part and the metal part of a cable end piece, it has also already been proposed to proceed by crimping.

C'est le cas, par exemple, dans la demande de brevet français qui, déposée le 27 Mars 1985 sous le No 85 04572, a été publiée sous le No 2.579.836, et concerne spécifiquement un embout de câblage, et c'est le cas, également, dans le brevet américain No 2.964.171, qui, lui, concerne plus précisément une cosse.This is the case, for example, in the French patent application which, filed on March 27, 1985 under No 85 04572, was published under No 2,579,836, and specifically concerns a cable end, and it is the case, also, in the American patent No. 2,964,171, which itself relates more precisely to a terminal.

Après son engagement dans la partie isolante préalablement réalisée, l'extrémité interne de la partie métallique fait l'objet, par dudgeonnage, dans celle-ci, d'une déformation, pour son adéquation de forme avec la portion correspondante de cette partie isolante.After its engagement in the insulating part previously made, the internal end of the part metallic is the object, by swaging, in this one, of a deformation, for its adequacy of shape with the corresponding portion of this insulating part.

Mais la déformation correspondante se borne à conduire à un placage, contre la paroi concernée de la partie isolante, de l'extrémité interne, ainsi travaillée, de la partie métallique.However, the corresponding deformation is limited to leading to a plating, against the wall concerned of the insulating part, of the internal end, thus worked, of the metal part.

Le plus souvent, et c'est le cas dans la demande de brevet français No 85 04572, celle-ci, pour en faciliter la déformation, est en outre fragmentée en languettes.Most often, and this is the case in French patent application No 85 04572, this, in order to facilitate its deformation, is also fragmented into tongues.

Les risques de bouchonnage, succinctement exposés ci-dessus pour un assemblage par surmoulage, se retrouvent de manière similaire, et même de manière sensiblement accrue, avec un tel assemblage par sertissage.The risks of corking, succinctly explained above for an assembly by overmolding, are found in a similar manner, and even in a substantially increased manner, with such an assembly by crimping.

Il en est d'autant plus ainsi que, ainsi que l'expérience le montre, il se produit, par élasticité, au terme d'un tel sertissage, un certain "rebond" de la portion préalablement sertie de la partie métallique par rapport à la partie isolante, notamment dans le cas où, comme indiqué ci-dessus, cette partie métallique est, pour ce faire, fractionnée en languettes, la partie isolante, plus massive, présentant en effet une relative rigidité par rapport à de telles languettes.This is all the more so as, as experience shows, there occurs, by elasticity, at the end of such crimping, a certain "rebound" of the previously crimped portion of the metal part relative to the insulating part, in particular in the case where, as indicated above, this metal part is, to do this, divided into tongues, the insulating part, more solid, having in fact a relative rigidity compared to such tongues.

Ce "rebond" de la portion sertie de la partie métallique conduit en pratique celle-ci à faire intempestivement saillie dans le volume interne de la partie isolante, au risque du bouchonnage à éviter.This "rebound" of the crimped portion of the metal part leads in practice to the latter to inadvertently protrude into the internal volume of the insulating part, at the risk of plugging to be avoided.

En outre, l'effort de sertissage à appliquer est relativement important, de l'ordre par exemple de 35 kg pour un embout de câblage dont la partie métallique a une section de 1,5 mm2, et, en pratique, il faut contrebuter extérieurement la partie isolante pour l'encaisser, ce qui complique les opérations, au détriment du coût de l'ensemble, et ce qui accentue encore la rigidité relative de la partie isolante par rapport à la partie métallique, au bénéfice du "rebond" à éviter.In addition, the crimping force to be applied is relatively large, of the order for example of 35 kg for a cable end whose metallic part has a section of 1.5 mm2, and, in practice, it is necessary to butt outwardly. the insulating part to collect it, which complicates operations, to the detriment of the cost of the assembly, and which further accentuates the relative rigidity of the insulating part with respect to the metal part, for the benefit of the "rebound" to be avoided .

La présente invention a d'une manière générale pour objet une disposition propre à permettre d'assurer de manière simple et efficace, et sans qu'il en résulte un quelconque risque de bouchonnage, l'assemblage, l'une à l'autre, des parties isolante et métallique d'un embout de câblage, ou, au moins, de participer à un tel assemblage.The present invention generally relates to a provision suitable for ensuring in a simple and effective manner, and without resulting in any risk of corking, the assembly, one to the other, insulating and metallic parts of a cable end piece, or, at least, to participate in such an assembly.

De manière plus précise, elle a pour objet un embout de câblage du genre comportant une partie métallique, globalement tubulaire, qui est destinée à être engagée sur l'extrémité, préalablement dénudée, de l'âme conductrice d'un conducteur électrique, pour le câblage de celui-ci, et une partie isolante, qui, formant collerette, est en prise, par un tronçon avant, avec la partie métallique, et est destinée à coiffer, par un tronçon arrière, plus large que le tronçon avant, l'extrémité correspondante de la gaine isolante d'un tel conducteur électrique, cet embout de câblage étant d'une manière générale caractérisé en ce que, l'extrémité interne de la partie métallique, initialement droite, est globalement déformée en forme de tulipe, l'arête extérieure de sa tranche forme une arête d'ancrage par laquelle elle est en prise avec la partie isolante, et elle s'étend en regard d'un épaulement transversal de cette partie isolante dont le diamètre intérieur est inférieur à celui de la circonférence suivant laquelle s'étend l'arête intérieure de sa dite tranche.More specifically, it relates to a wiring end piece of the kind comprising a metal part, generally tubular, which is intended to be engaged on the end, previously stripped, of the conductive core of an electrical conductor, for the wiring thereof, and an insulating part, which, forming a collar, is engaged, by a front section, with the metal part, and is intended to cover, by a rear section, wider than the front section, the corresponding end of the insulating sheath of such an electrical conductor, this cable end being generally characterized in that, the internal end of the metal part, initially straight, is generally deformed in the shape of a tulip, the outer edge of its edge forms an anchoring edge by which it is engaged with the insulating part, and it extends opposite a transverse shoulder of this insulating part whose internal diameter laughing is lower than that of the circumference along which extends the inside of its said wafer edge.

En pratique, cette arête d'ancrage pénètre à la manière d'un coin dans la partie isolante.In practice, this anchoring edge penetrates like a wedge into the insulating part.

Ainsi, suivant l'invention, il est procédé à un simple ancrage de la partie métallique dans la partie isolante.Thus, according to the invention, a simple anchoring of the metal part is carried out in the insulating part.

Cet ancrage se distingue d'un surmoulage, d'une part parce que, la partie isolante étant réalisée préalablement, il est pratiqué après l'engagement de la partie métallique dans cette partie isolante, et d'autre part parce que, à son terme, la matière de cette partie isolante ne s'étend que d'un côté de cette partie métallique, et non pas de part et d'autre de celle-ci.This anchoring is distinguished from an overmolding, on the one hand because, the insulating part being carried out beforehand, it is practiced after the engagement of the metallic part in this insulating part, and on the other hand because, at its term , the material of this insulating part extends only on one side of this metal part, and not on either side of it.

Il se distingue également d'un sertissage, parce qu'il ne se borne pas à conduire à un simple placage de la partie métallique contre la partie isolante, mais à une réelle pénétration de cette partie métallique dans cette partie isolante.It is also distinguished from a crimping, because it is not limited to leading to a simple plating of the metal part against the insulating part, but to a real penetration of this metal part into this insulating part.

Comme le sertissage, l'ancrage mis en oeuvre suivant l'invention peut avantageusement être pratiqué par dudgeonnage, à l'aide d'un simple poinçon conique.Like crimping, the anchoring used according to the invention can advantageously be carried out by swaging, using a simple conical punch.

Mais l'effort à développer est sensiblement réduit par rapport à celui nécessaire pour un sertissage.However, the effort to be developed is significantly reduced compared to that required for crimping.

Les conditions étant égales par ailleurs, cet effort s'avère réduit d'au moins les deux tiers, en passant par exemple de 35 kg à 10 kg pour un embout de câblage dont la partie métallique a une section de 1,5 mm2.The conditions being equal moreover, this effort proves to be reduced by at least two thirds, passing for example from 35 kg to 10 kg for a cable end fitting whose metal part has a section of 1.5 mm2.

Il en résulte, notamment, qu'il n'est avantageusement pas nécessaire de contrebuter extérieurement la partie isolante lors d'un tel ancrage.As a result, in particular, it is advantageously not necessary to buttress the insulating part externally during such an anchoring.

Mais, et surtout, il en résulte également, que le "rebond" de la partie métallique après l'ancrage est nul ou quasi nul.But, and above all, it also follows that the "rebound" of the metal part after anchoring is zero or almost zero.

En pratique, ce "rebond", s'il se produit, est accompagné par la partie isolante.In practice, this "rebound", if it occurs, is accompanied by the insulating part.

En effet, celle-ci n'étant pas contrebutée extérieurement lors de l'ancrage, elle revient elle aussi, par élasticité, à sa configuration initiale, et son élasticité propre étant en pratique intrinsèquement supérieure à celle de la partie métallique, elle a alors même tendance à dépasser cette dernière.Indeed, this one not being buttressed externally during the anchoring, it too returns, by elasticity, to its initial configuration, and its own elasticity being in practice intrinsically superior to that of the metallic part, it then same tendency to exceed the latter.

C'est alors aussi bien la partie isolante qui vient enserrer la partie métallique autour de son arête d'ancrage que cette partie métallique qui pénètre par cette dernière dans cette partie isolante.It is then both the insulating part which encloses the metal part around its anchoring edge as this metal part which penetrates through the latter into this insulating part.

Le risque de voir la partie métallique venir faire saillie dans le volume intérieur de la partie isolante, et donc le risque d'un éventuel bouchonnage ultérieur, s'en trouve avantageusement minimisé, sinon annulé.The risk of seeing the metal part protrude into the interior volume of the insulating part, and therefore the risk of a possible subsequent plugging, is advantageously minimized, if not canceled.

Certes, il a déjà été proposé, dans la demande de brevet français qui, déposée le 5 Septembre 1974 sous le No 74 30217, a été publiée sous le No 2.243.534, de procéder à une déformation, en forme de tulipe, de l'extrémité interne de la partie métallique de la cosse concernée.Certainly, it has already been proposed, in the French patent application which, filed on September 5, 1974 under No. 74 30217, was published under No. 2,243,534, to carry out a deformation, in the form of a tulip, of the internal end of the metal part of the terminal concerned.

Mais, initialement, cette extrémité interne doit être épointée par un double chanfrein, tant externe qu'interne, ce qui ne peut manquer de renchérir le coût de l'ensemble.But, initially, this internal end must be pointed by a double chamfer, both external and internal, which cannot fail to increase the cost of the whole.

En outre, l'extrémité interne, ainsi épointée, de la partie métallique attaque une portion droite, dépourvue de tout épaulement, de la surface interne de la partie isolante.In addition, the internal end, thus blunted, of the metal part attacks a straight portion, devoid of any shoulder, of the internal surface of the insulating part.

Une partie substantielle de la tranche de cette extrémité interne restant ainsi en saillie par rapport à la surface interne de la partie isolante, il peut subsister un risque de bourrage à l'introduction de l'extrémité, préalablement dénudée, de l'âme conductrice d'un conducteur électrique, même si cette partie ainsi en saillie de cette tranche s'étend en oblique.A substantial part of the edge of this internal end thus projecting from the internal surface of the insulating part, there may remain a risk of jamming when the end, previously stripped, of the conductive core d 'an electrical conductor, even if this projecting portion of this section extends obliquely.

Il n'en est pas de même dans l'embout de câblage suivant l'invention, dans lequel, au contraire, l'extrémité interne déformée de la partie métallique s'étend en regard d'un épaulement transversal interne de la partie isolante dont le diamètre intérieur est inférieur à celui de la circonférence suivant laquelle s'étend sa propre arête intérieure.It is not the same in the wiring end piece according to the invention, in which, on the contrary, the deformed internal end of the metal part extends opposite an internal transverse shoulder of the insulating part, the internal diameter is less than that of the circumference along which its own internal edge extends.

Ainsi, à la jonction de la partie métallique avec la partie isolante, et compte tenu d'un retour de cette dernière à sa configuration initiale après ancrage de la partie métallique, cette partie métallique est en retrait par rapport à cette partie isolante.Thus, at the junction of the metal part with the insulating part, and taking account of a return of the latter to its initial configuration after anchoring of the metal part, this metal part is set back relative to this insulating part.

Tout risque de bouchonnage ultérieur se trouve dès lors éliminé.Any risk of subsequent corking is therefore eliminated.

Outre que l'ancrage suivant l'invention ne nécessite ainsi avantageusement aucune forme en contre-dépouille sur la pièce isolante, en se satisfaisant au contraire d'une forme particulièrement simple pour celle-ci, le poinçon mis en oeuvre pour son exécution a également pour avantage d'assurer un certain ébavurage de la partie isolante lors de son introduction dans celle-ci et d'aligner parfaitement avec elle la partie métallique, ce qui rend encore plus aisée l'introduction ultérieure d'un conducteur électrique dans l'ensemble.Besides that the anchoring according to the invention thus advantageously requires no undercut shape on the insulating part, while being satisfied on the contrary with a particularly simple shape for the latter, the punch put implemented for its execution also has the advantage of ensuring a certain deburring of the insulating part during its introduction into it and of aligning perfectly with it the metal part, which makes it even easier the subsequent introduction of an electrical conductor overall.

Pour l'assemblage de la partie métallique d'un embout de câblage à sa partie isolante, l'ancrage suivant l'invention peut, si désiré, se suffire à lui-même.For the assembly of the metal part of a cable end to its insulating part, the anchoring according to the invention can, if desired, be sufficient in itself.

Mais il peut aussi avantageusement être associé à un collage, lorsque, comme il a déjà été proposé par ailleurs, un film de colle intervient entre cette partie métallique et cette partie isolante.But it can also advantageously be associated with bonding, when, as has already been proposed elsewhere, a film of adhesive intervenes between this metal part and this insulating part.

Il a alors principalement pour effet de renforcer dans des proportions notables, supérieures en pratique à 20 %, la tenue à la traction de l'ensemble, et d'assurer avantageusement en toute hypothèse la permanence d'une certaine tenue à la traction même dans le cas d'une éventuelle détérioration ultérieure de la colle comme il peut par exemple s'en produire par vieillissement.It then has the main effect of reinforcing in notable proportions, greater in practice than 20%, the tensile strength of the assembly, and advantageously ensuring in any event the permanence of a certain tensile strength even in the case of a possible subsequent deterioration of the adhesive as it can for example occur by aging.

Les choses étant égales par ailleurs, l'ancrage suivant l'invention peut également avantageusement permettre, si désiré, une réduction de l'épaisseur du film de colle mis en oeuvre.Things being equal, the anchoring according to the invention can also advantageously allow, if desired, a reduction in the thickness of the adhesive film used.

Dans tous les cas, il peut être réalisé avant le collage, ou après celui-ci, mais, alors, avant la polymérisation de la colle correspondante.In all cases, it can be carried out before or after bonding, but, then, before the polymerization of the corresponding adhesive.

Dans le cas où il est réalisé avant le collage, il permet avantageusement de confiner le film de colle mis en oeuvre, en assurant une étanchéité au niveau de l'extrémité interne de la partie métallique, et en s'opposant donc à toute pénétration de la colle dans la partie isolante au-delà de celle-ci.In the case where it is carried out before bonding, it advantageously makes it possible to confine the film of adhesive used, by ensuring a seal at the internal end of the metal part, and therefore opposing any penetration of the glue in the insulating part beyond it.

Toute bavure interne de colle susceptible d'être ultérieurement à l'origine d'un bouchonnage est ainsi avantageusement évitée.Any internal burr of glue which may subsequently cause corking is thus advantageously avoided.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs de la description qui va suivre, à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un embout de câblage suivant l'invention et de l'extrémité du conducteur électrique qu'il est destiné à équiper ;
  • la figure 2 est, à échelle supérieure, une vue en coupe axiale de cet embout de câblage, suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 reprend, à échelle encore supérieure, le détail de la figure 2 repéré par un encart III sur cette figure 2 ;
  • les figures 4A, 4B sont des vues partielles en coupe axiale, qui, reprenant pour partie celle de la figure 2, illustrent, chacune respectivement, deux phases successives de la réalisation de l'embout de câblage suivant l'invention.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, by way of example, with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a wiring end according to the invention and the end of the electrical conductor which it is intended to equip;
  • Figure 2 is, on a larger scale, an axial sectional view of this cable end, along the line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows, on a still larger scale, the detail of Figure 2 identified by an insert III in this Figure 2;
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B are partial views in axial section, which, partly taking up that of FIG. 2, each illustrate two successive phases of the production of the cable end piece according to the invention.

Tel qu'illustré sur ces figures, l'embout de câblage 10 suivant l'invention comporte, d'une part, une partie métallique 11, globalement tubulaire, qui est destinée à être engagée sur l'extrémité 12, préalablement dénudée, de l'âme conductrice 13 d'un conducteur électrique 14, pour le câblage de celui-ci, et, d'autre part, une partie isolante 15, qui, formant collerette, est en prise, par un tronçon avant 16, avec la partie métallique 11 précédente, et qui est destinée à coiffer, par un tronçon arrière 17, plus large que le tronçon avant 16, l'extrémité correspondante 18 de la gaine isolante 19 d'un tel conducteur électrique 14.As illustrated in these figures, the wiring end piece 10 according to the invention comprises, on the one hand, a metallic part 11, generally tubular, which is intended to be engaged on the end 12, previously stripped, of the conductive core 13 of an electrical conductor 14, for the wiring thereof, and, on the other hand, an insulating part 15, which, forming a collar, is engaged, by a front section 16, with the metal part 11 above, and which is intended to cover, by a rear section 17, wider than the front section 16, the corresponding end 18 of the insulating sheath 19 of such an electrical conductor 14.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée, la partie métallique 11 forme un fût circulairement fermé sur lui-même, sans une quelconque discontinuité, et elle est globalement cylindrique.In the embodiment shown, the metal part 11 forms a barrel which is circularly closed on itself, without any discontinuity, and it is generally cylindrical.

Mais il va de soi que cette partie métallique pourrait aussi bien résulter du roulage d'un flan initialement plat, et présenter, dès lors, longitudinalement, une fente, droite ou oblique, rectiligne ou ondulée, et ouverte ou fermée, par exemple par soudage, et/ou qu'elle peut être plus ou moins tronconique, en convergeant alors en direction opposée à la partie isolante 15.But it goes without saying that this metal part could as well result from the rolling of an initially flat blank, and therefore have, longitudinally, a slot, straight or oblique, rectilinear or corrugated, and open or closed, for example by welding, and / or that it can be more or less frustoconical, while then converging in the direction opposite to the insulating part 15.

Corollairement, le tronçon avant 16 de la partie isolante 15 est, lui-même, globalement cylindrique dans la forme de réalisation représentée, en formant, intérieurement, un logement 20, qui, borné par un épaulement transversal 21, est propre, suivant des modalités qui, ne relevant pas de la présente invention, ne seront pas décrites en détail ici, à un emmanchement, avec jeu, mais avec centrage, de la partie métallique 11, et en étant relié, extérieurement, au tronçon arrière 17 associé, par des ailettes 23, qui, régulièrement réparties circulairement, s'étendent globalement radialement, et qui, à niveau avec le contour extérieur de ce tronçon arrière 17 à son raccordement à celui-ci, sont effilées en direction du débouché du tronçon avant 16.As a corollary, the front section 16 of the insulating part 15 is, itself, generally cylindrical in the embodiment shown, forming, internally, a housing 20, which, bounded by a transverse shoulder 21, is clean, according to modalities which, not falling within the scope of the present invention, will not be described in detail here, at a fitting, with clearance, but with centering, of the metal part 11, and being connected, externally, to the associated rear section 17, by fins 23, which, regularly distributed circularly, extend generally radially, and which, level with the external contour of this rear section 17 at its connection to the latter, are tapered towards the outlet of the front section 16.

Suivant l'invention, l'extrémité interne 25 de la partie métallique 11, initialement droite, est globalement déformée en forme de tulipe, en allant en s'épanouissant radialement en direction opposée à l'axe de l'ensemble, l'arête extérieure 26 de sa tranche 27 forme une arête d'ancrage par laquelle elle est en prise avec la partie isolante 15.According to the invention, the internal end 25 of the metal part 11, initially straight, is generally deformed in the shape of a tulip, going in blooming radially in the direction opposite to the axis of the assembly, the external edge 26 of its edge 27 forms an anchoring edge by which it is engaged with the insulating part 15.

Par extrémité interne 25 de la partie métallique 11 on entend ici la portion de cette partie métallique immédiatement adjacente à sa tranche 27, et l'arête extérieure 26 de cette tranche 27 en forme la périphérie de plus grand diamètre.By internal end 25 of the metal part 11 is meant here the portion of this metal part immediately adjacent to its edge 27, and the outer edge 26 of this edge 27 forms the periphery of larger diameter.

En pratique, l'arête d'ancrage que forme cette arête extérieure 26 pénètre à la manière d'un coin dans la partie isolante 15, et, plus précisément, dans la paroi interne correspondante du tronçon avant 16 de cette partie isolante 15.In practice, the anchoring edge formed by this outer edge 26 penetrates in the manner of a wedge into the insulating part 15, and, more precisely, into the corresponding internal wall of the front section 16 of this insulating part 15.

De préférence, et tel que représenté, l'amplitude d du déport radial de cette arête extérieure 26, mesurée par rapport à la surface externe de la portion courante 29 de la partie métallique 11, est du même ordre de grandeur que l'épaisseur e de sa paroi.Preferably, and as shown, the amplitude d of the radial offset of this outer edge 26, measured by relative to the external surface of the current portion 29 of the metal part 11, is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness e of its wall.

En pratique, cette amplitude d du déport radial de l'arête extérieure 26 formant l'arête d'ancrage est au plus égale à l'épaisseur e de la paroi de la partie métallique 11.In practice, this amplitude d of the radial offset of the outer edge 26 forming the anchoring edge is at most equal to the thickness e of the wall of the metal part 11.

Elle est donc relativement faible.It is therefore relatively low.

En pratique, également, seule l'arête extérieure 26 de la tranche 27 de la partie métallique 11 est ainsi engagée en forme de coin dans la partie isolante 15, à l'exclusion de l'arête intérieure 28 de cette tranche 27.In practice, too, only the outer edge 26 of the edge 27 of the metal part 11 is thus engaged in the form of a wedge in the insulating part 15, to the exclusion of the inner edge 28 of this edge 27.

Au contraire, et suivant l'invention, lorsque l'extrémité interne déformée 25 de la partie métallique 11 s'étend, comme en l'espèce, en regard d'un épaulement transversal interne 21 de la partie isolante 15, le diamètre intérieur D1 de cet épaulement transversal 21 est inférieur à celui D2 de la circonférence suivant laquelle s'étend l'arête intérieure 28 de la tranche 27 de cette extrémité interne déformée 25.On the contrary, and according to the invention, when the deformed internal end 25 of the metal part 11 extends, as in the present case, opposite an internal transverse shoulder 21 of the insulating part 15, the internal diameter D1 of this transverse shoulder 21 is less than that D2 of the circumference along which extends the internal edge 28 of the edge 27 of this deformed internal end 25.

Enfin, dans la forme de réalisation représentée, et suivant des dispositions proposées par ailleurs, il intervient, dans le logement 20, entre la partie métallique 11 et la partie isolante 15, un film de colle 30.Finally, in the embodiment shown, and according to the provisions proposed elsewhere, there is involved, in the housing 20, between the metal part 11 and the insulating part 15, an adhesive film 30.

Suivant l'invention, ce film de colle 30 est confiné par l'extrémité interne déformée 25 de la partie métallique 11.According to the invention, this adhesive film 30 is confined by the deformed internal end 25 of the metal part 11.

Il ne s'étend donc que du côté de celle-ci opposé à l'épaulement transversal 21 de la partie isolante 15.It therefore extends only on the side thereof opposite the transverse shoulder 21 of the insulating part 15.

Initialement, et tel que déjà souligné ci-dessus, la partie métallique 11, dont l'épaisseur de paroi e est en pratique uniforme sur toute sa longueur, est globalement droite, figure 4A.Initially, and as already emphasized above, the metal part 11, whose wall thickness e is in practice uniform over its entire length, is generally straight, FIG. 4A.

Elle est alors engagée dans le logement 20 formé par le tronçon 16 de la partie isolante 15, jusqu'à venir en butée, par sa tranche 27, contre l'épaulement transversal interne 21 bornant ce logement 20.It is then engaged in the housing 20 formed by the section 16 of the insulating part 15, until it comes into abutment, by its edge 27, against the internal transverse shoulder 21 bounding this housing 20.

Suivant des dispositions proposées par ailleurs, la partie métallique 11 est alors convenablement centrée dans la partie isolante 15, et, par sa surface interne, elle s'étend en continuité avec la surface interne de celle-ci.According to the provisions proposed elsewhere, the metal part 11 is then suitably centered in the insulating part 15, and, by its internal surface, it extends in continuity with the internal surface of the latter.

Suivant l'invention, et tel que représenté à la figure 4A, il est alors introduit, dans le tronçon arrière 17 de la partie isolante 15, du côté de celle-ci opposé à la partie métallique 11, un poinçon 32 dont la partie active 33 est globalement tronconique.According to the invention, and as shown in FIG. 4A, it is then introduced, in the rear section 17 of the insulating part 15, on the side of the latter opposite the metal part 11, a punch 32 whose active part 33 is generally frustoconical.

L'introduction du poinçon 32 est poursuivie jusqu'à ce que, prenant contact, par sa partie active 33, avec l'extrémité interne 25 de la partie métallique 11, et jusqu 'à ce que, l'effort axial F correspondant étant fait suffisant à cet effet, il provoque, tel que schématisé à la figure 4B, la déformation en tulipe recherchée pour cette extrémité interne 25, avec, conjointement, et tel qu'également schématisé sur la figure 4B, une déformation élastique de la partie isolante 15.The introduction of the punch 32 is continued until, making contact, through its active part 33, with the internal end 25 of the metal part 11, and until, the corresponding axial force F being made sufficient for this purpose, it causes, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4B, the tulip deformation sought for this internal end 25, with, jointly, and as also diagrammatically shown in FIG. 4B, an elastic deformation of the insulating part 15 .

Pour faciliter son action, le poinçon 32 peut être tourné sur lui-même autour de son axe.To facilitate its action, the punch 32 can be turned on itself around its axis.

Quoi qu'il en soit, il résulte de la déformation qu'il applique à l'extrémité interne 25 de la partie métallique 11 l'ancrage de celle-ci dans la partie isolante 15.Anyway, it results from the deformation that it applies to the internal end 25 of the metal part 11 the anchoring of the latter in the insulating part 15.

Après le retrait du poinçon 32, la partie isolante 15 reprend élastiquement sa configuration initiale, cependant que l'extrémité interne déformée 25 de la partie métallique 11 n'est, éventuellement, l'objet que d'un "rebond" élastique plus modéré.After the punch 32 has been withdrawn, the insulating part 15 resumes its initial configuration elastically, while the deformed internal end 25 of the metal part 11 is possibly only subject to a more moderate elastic "rebound".

L'ancrage ainsi réalisé peut être exécuté avant la mise en place du film de colle 30.The anchoring thus produced can be carried out before the adhesive film 30 is put in place.

Tel que souligné ci-dessus, il en résulte alors avantageusement un confinement de celui-ci du côté de l'extrémité interne déformée 25 de la partie métallique 11 opposé à l'épaulement transversal 21 de la partie isolante 15.As pointed out above, this advantageously results in confinement of the latter on the side of the deformed internal end 25 of the metal part 11 opposite the transverse shoulder 21 of the insulating part 15.

Mais, en variante, l'ancrage suivant l'invention peut être exécuté après la mise en place du film de colle 30, en étant alors pratiqué avant la polymérisation de la colle correspondante.However, as a variant, the anchoring according to the invention can be carried out after the glue film 30 has been put in place, being then performed before the polymerization of the corresponding glue.

Claims (8)

  1. A connecting end member of the kind comprising a generally tubular metal portion (11) which is intended to be fitted on to the previously stripped end (12) of the conducting core (13) of an electrical conductor (14) for connection of the latter, and an insulating portion (15) which, forming a collar, is engaged by means of a front part (16) with the metal portion (11) and is intended, by means of a rear part (17) which is wider than the front part (16), to fit over the corresponding end (18) of the insulating sheath (19) of such an electrical conductor (14), and in which the inward end (25) of the metal portion (11) is generally deformed in a tulip configuration, with the outward edge (26) of the end face (27) of said deformed inward end (25) which forms an anchoring edge, characterised in that the anchoring edge of the deformed inward end (25) of the metal portion (11) penetrates in the fashion of a wedge into the insulating portion (15) and said deformed inward end (25) of said metal portion (11) extends opposite a transverse shoulder (21) of said insulating portion (15), the inside diameter (D1) of which is less than that (D2) of the circumference along which the inward edge (28) of its said end face (27) extends.
  2. A connecting end member according to claim 1 characterised in that the amplitude (d) of the radial displacement of the outward edge (26) of the end face (27) of the deformed inward end (25) of the metal portion (11) relative to the external surface of the body portion (29) thereof is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness (e) of the wall of said metal portion (11).
  3. A connecting end member according to claim 2 characterised in that the amplitude (d) of the radial displacement of the outward edge (26) of the end face (27) of the deformed inward end (25) of the metal portion (11) is at most equal to the thickness (e) of the wall of said metal portion (11).
  4. A connecting end member according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that only the outward edge (26) of the end face (27) of the deformed inward end (25) of the metal portion (11) is in engagement with the insulating portion (15), to the exclusion of the inward edge (28) of said end face (27).
  5. A connecting end member according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that a film of glue (30) is disposed between the metal portion (11) and the insulating portion (15).
  6. A connecting end member according to claim 5 characterised in that said film of glue (30) is confined by the deformed inward end (25) of the metal portion (11).
  7. A connecting end member according to any one of claim 1 to 6 characterised in that the thickness (e) of the wall of the metal portion (11) is uniform over the entire length thereof.
  8. A process for the formation of a connecting end member of the kind comprising a generally tubular metal portion (11) which is intended to be fitted on to the previously stripped end (12) of the conducting core (13) of an electrical conductor (14) for connection of the latter, and an insulating portion (15) which, forming a collar, is engaged by means of a front part (16) with the metal portion (11) and is intended, by means of a rear part (17) which is wider than the front part (16), to fit over the corresponding end (18) of the insulating sheath (19) of such an electrical conductor (14), wherein a housing (20) delimited by a transverse shoulder (21) is internally provided in the insulating portion (15), the metal portion (11) is fitted into said housing (20) and the inward end (25) of the metal portion (11) is deformed in a tulip configuration in such a way that the outward edge (26) of its end face (27) penetrates in the manner of a wedge into the corresponding inside wall of the housing (20) of the insulating portion (15) and that the diameter (D2) of the circumference along which the inward edge (28) of said end face (27) extends is larger than the inside diameter (D1) of the transverse shoulder (21) of the insulating portion (11).
EP89401632A 1988-06-21 1989-06-12 Cable terminal and method for its manufacture Expired - Lifetime EP0348269B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8808293 1988-06-21
FR8808293A FR2633103B1 (en) 1988-06-21 1988-06-21 WIRING END

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EP0348269A1 EP0348269A1 (en) 1989-12-27
EP0348269B1 true EP0348269B1 (en) 1993-04-21

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US (1) US5017161A (en)
EP (1) EP0348269B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0251880A (en)
KR (1) KR0155360B1 (en)
DE (1) DE68906088T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2039892T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2633103B1 (en)
HK (1) HK97093A (en)

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FR2579836B1 (en) * 1985-03-27 1987-10-16 Telemecanique Electrique NOZZLE FOR ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
JPS6261205A (en) * 1985-09-11 1987-03-17 矢崎総業株式会社 High voltage feeder cord and manufacture thereof

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DE68906088D1 (en) 1993-05-27
ES2039892T3 (en) 1993-10-01
KR0155360B1 (en) 1998-11-16
US5017161A (en) 1991-05-21
FR2633103B1 (en) 1991-10-25
DE68906088T2 (en) 1993-07-29
JPH0251880A (en) 1990-02-21
HK97093A (en) 1993-09-24
FR2633103A1 (en) 1989-12-22
EP0348269A1 (en) 1989-12-27
KR900001061A (en) 1990-01-31

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