EP0347033A2 - Alésoir pour trou de forage - Google Patents

Alésoir pour trou de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0347033A2
EP0347033A2 EP89304185A EP89304185A EP0347033A2 EP 0347033 A2 EP0347033 A2 EP 0347033A2 EP 89304185 A EP89304185 A EP 89304185A EP 89304185 A EP89304185 A EP 89304185A EP 0347033 A2 EP0347033 A2 EP 0347033A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutter
underreamer
borehole
set forth
diamond
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89304185A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0347033A3 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth William Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smith International Inc
Original Assignee
Smith International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smith International Inc filed Critical Smith International Inc
Publication of EP0347033A2 publication Critical patent/EP0347033A2/fr
Publication of EP0347033A3 publication Critical patent/EP0347033A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
    • E21B10/52—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type with chisel- or button-type inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/12—Roller bits with discs cutters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/22—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/34—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools of roller-cutter type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/62—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sub-surface borehole underreamers.
  • a sub-surface borehole underreamer is a tool which is used to enlarge a portion of the length of a hole drilled in the earth below a restriction in the hole.
  • Such tools are used in drilling oil, gas, water, mining, and construction holes and wells, and also in the formation of shot-holes for blasting.
  • An underreamer has two operative states, a collapsed or closed state in which the tool diameter is sufficiently small to allow it to be moved in the hole past a restriction, and an opened or expanded state in which the diameter of the tool corresponds to the desired and greater diameter to which the hole is to be enlarged below the restriction.
  • one or more arms hinged at their upper ends to the tool body and carrying suitable cutters at their lower ends, pivot out from the body to position the cutters for engagement of the borehole wall as the tool is thereafter operated; such operation includes rotating the tool and lowering it as it is rotated.
  • Underreamers are of two basic types, the so-called rock-types and drilling types.
  • Rock-type underreamers are used where the entire length of the borehole, at least over the length thereof to be underreamed, has previously been drilled.
  • Rock-type underreamers have large cutters which extend in the body to its center when the tool is closed; in such tools, it is not required that a circulating fluid flow axially through the tool from end-to-end.
  • a circulating fluid such as air or liquid
  • Drilling type underreamers therefore, use smaller cutters which, when the tool is closed, do not fully extend to the centre or axis of the tool, thereby providing room in the tool for the definition of a circulating fluid duct past the retracted position of the cutters.
  • the cutters are located between the exterior of the circulation duct and the exterior of the tool body when the tool is closed.
  • Rock-type underreamers therefore, enable a hole of given diameter to be enlarged to a greater diameter than do drilling type underreamers due to the fact that they incorporate larger cutters within the interior of the tool body than a drilling type underreamer.
  • a drilling type underreamer is primarily used in conjunction with a drill bit below the underreamer.
  • the underreamer is a lower component of a string of rotary drill pipe and the drill bit is carried at the lower most end of the string.
  • the drill bit forms the hole to be underreamed at the same time that the underreamer enlarges the hole formed by the bit. Circulating of fluid or "mud" must be provided to the drilling bit to remove cuttings and to cool the bit as a bit is operated in a borehole.
  • rock-type underreamers enable the use of the largest possible roller cutter within the confines of the tool body and they afford maximum expanded diameter of the borehole for a given size of to tool body.
  • Most rock-type underreamers while they ream larger diameter holes, do not provide any communication of circulating fluid below the tool.
  • drilling type underreamers while they provide fluid communication below the tool, do not provide large underreamed holes adjacent the boreholes.
  • a US Patent No. 4,282,941 assigned to the same assignee as the present application solves the problem of providing large cutters for large underreamed holes while at the same time providing a means to circulate fluid past the large cutters to a drill bit positioned at the lowermost end of the drill string.
  • the foregoing patent is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the present invention proposes to replace the state-of-the-art cutter cones, which are normally steel body cones with tungsten carbide inserts inserted within interference holes formed by the cone, with diamond type cutting elements.
  • the diamond cutters are oriented on each extendable arm such that they precess as they contact a borehole wall, thereby exposing diamond cutting material to the borehole wall continuously as the underreamer is rotated in the borehole by the drill string.
  • the use of diamond cutters works especially well if the diamond material is prevented from over-heating due to prolonged contact of the diamond material against the borehole wall.
  • the rotary cutter is freely rotatable on a bearing shaft cantilevered from the end of the extendable underreamer arm. As the underreamer body rotates, the cone precesses while it contacts the borehole wall, thus exposing new diamond continuously as the cutter rotates about its journal bearing.
  • the underreamer apparatus to be described has diamond rotary cutters to prolong the cutting life of the undereamer as it works in a borehole.
  • It has diamond rotary cones cantilevered from bearings extending from extendable arms from the underreamer, such that as the underreamer is rotated in the borehole, the diamond rotary cutters precess as the underreamer rotates, thus continuously exposing uncontacted diamond as the underreamer body turns in the borehole.
  • a borehole underreamer which has a tubular body adapted at an upper end thereof for coaxial connection to a rotary drill string.
  • the body has a central axis therethrough and houses at least a pair of extendable cutter arms hinged at a first upper end to the tubular body.
  • the cutter arms at a second cutting end form bearing means for a rotary cutter element adapted for rotation thereon.
  • the body of the underreamer further contains means to extend the cutter arms.
  • a cutter element is rotatably attached to the end of each of the cutter extendable arms.
  • Each cutter element has journal means mounted for rotation relative to the bearing means extending from each of the cutter arms.
  • Each cutter element forms a cutting face.
  • the cutting face is skewed at an angle from a radial line extending from the central axis of the tubular body. The skewed cutter element thus precesses as the cutting face contacts a wall formed by a borehole formation.
  • the bearing means formed by the cutting end of the cutter arms consists of an aperture formed in the end of the cutter arm.
  • the journal means on each of the cutter elements comprises a shaft which extends through the aperture in the end of the cutter arm.
  • the cutting face of the cutter element is affixed to one end of the bearing shaft.
  • the cutting face of the cutter element is skewed such that the side nearest the central axis of the tubular body extends further forward than the side of the cutter element which is remote from the central axis of the tubular body.
  • the face of the cutting element is formed preferably of a diamond material such as polycrystalline diamond.
  • An advantage of the present invention over the prior art is the way in which the cutters are skewed such that the cutters precess as the underreamer body is rotated in a borehole. Precessing of the diamond cutter element prevents degredation of the diamond cutter through prolonged contact of the cutter with the borehole wall, which results in overheating of the diamond.
  • the underreamer apparatus 10 shown in Fig. 1 has an underreamer body 12 which has a central axis 13 that passes through a base end 14 of the body 12.
  • the underreamer apparatus 10 generally is inserted into a previously drilled borehole in a rock formation 11.
  • the formation 11 forms a borehole 15.
  • a rotary cone rock bit generally designated as 20 may be threadably attached to base end 14 of underreamer 10. (Shown partially in phantom).
  • Reamer cutter arms generally designated as 22 are attached to the underramer body at their upper end 24 by a pivot pin 25.
  • An axially slidable mandrel 16 has formed on its exterior, a cam 18 which forms cam surfaces 19.
  • the underside of the cutter arms form a cam surface 26.
  • the end 28 of the cutter arm 22 has a bearing aperture 30. (Shown more clearly in Fig. 3).
  • the end 28 additionally has a concave conical bearing surface 32 which is so configured to provide essentially a radially disposed support for the diamond cutter, generally designated as 40.
  • the diamond cutter 40 consists of a bearing journal or shaft 42, a conical bearing surface 43 and a cylindrically shaped diamond backup support 44.
  • the backup support and journal are preferably fabricated integrally from cemented tungsten carbide.
  • a diamond disc 46 preferably formed of polycrystalline diamond material, is metallurgically attached at 48 to the disc backup support 44.
  • a diamond bearing material 34 may be provided in either the concave conical surface 32 in the end 28 of the arm or the diamond material may be formed in the conical surface 43 of the rotary element 40 (not shown).
  • a shaft retainer 49 is attached to the end of the shaft 42 to rotatively retain the cutter element swithin the end 28 of the extendable arm 23.
  • the diamond cutter element freely rotates on the shaft 42 as the reamer works in a borehole.
  • the face of the cutter element 46 is also preferably angled "B" with respect to the vertical axis 13 of the body 12. The angle may be from five to forty-five degrees.
  • each of the rotatable cutters 40 have their cutting faces aligned such that the plane of the cutting face is skewed from a radial line 52 taken from the axis of the bit body 12.
  • Angle "A" represents the skewed surface or plane of the polycrystalline diamond disc 46 with respect to radial line 52.
  • the bearing 30 formed in the end 28 of the arms 23 is angled such that a periphery of the disc 46 taken about 90 degrees from an axis 45 of the rotary disc 46 is offset from the radius 52 of the underreamer body a sufficient distance to assure that the cutter wheel 40 rotates due to a tangential force on the cutter wheel as the drill bit is rotated around its axis 13 within the borehole.
  • the cutting face of the polycrystalline diamond disc 46 is skewed such that the side of the cutting disc 50 nearest the central axis 13 of the tubular body 12 extends further forward than the side of the cutting disc 51 remote from the central axis 13 of bit body 12.
  • the cutter wheel 40 is offset a sufficient distance so that the cutter wheel rotates in the range of from one-twentieth to one-­half revolution for every revolution of the underreamer body.
  • the skew angle "A" may be in the range of from ten degrees to sixty degrees. The preferred range, however, is from twenty to thirty degrees.
  • the diamond disc 46 (shown in phantom) illustrates the diamond cutters in their retracted position confined within the outer diameter of the underreamer body 12.
  • the diamond cutter could be a tungsten carbide disc with a multiplicity of equally spaced diamond cutters mounted in the peripheral edge of the tungsten carbide disc. (Not shown).
  • the planar surface of this type of cutter would be skewed in a manner heretofore described. (Not shown).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
EP19890304185 1988-06-16 1989-04-26 Alésoir pour trou de forage Withdrawn EP0347033A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/207,684 US4846290A (en) 1986-03-13 1988-06-16 Underreamer with revolving diamond cutter elements
US207684 1988-06-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0347033A2 true EP0347033A2 (fr) 1989-12-20
EP0347033A3 EP0347033A3 (fr) 1991-03-20

Family

ID=22771577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890304185 Withdrawn EP0347033A3 (fr) 1988-06-16 1989-04-26 Alésoir pour trou de forage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US4846290A (fr)
EP (1) EP0347033A3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5255741A (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-10-26 Mobil Oil Corporation Process and apparatus for completing a well in an unconsolidated formation
US5253708A (en) * 1991-12-11 1993-10-19 Mobil Oil Corporation Process and apparatus for performing gravel-packed liner completions in unconsolidated formations
US5361859A (en) * 1993-02-12 1994-11-08 Baker Hughes Incorporated Expandable gage bit for drilling and method of drilling
US6908267B1 (en) 2003-04-04 2005-06-21 Hiep N. Tran Variable radii cutter
ITTO20050503A1 (it) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-23 Soilmec Spa Dispositivo e metodo di miscellazione di terreno in sito per la formazione di muri o diaframmi sotterranei.
RU2448233C2 (ru) * 2006-06-10 2012-04-20 Пол Бернард ЛИ Раздвижной скважинный инструмент
US7963348B2 (en) * 2007-10-11 2011-06-21 Smith International, Inc. Expandable earth boring apparatus using impregnated and matrix materials for enlarging a borehole
US9157287B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-10-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and method for conveying
GB201513154D0 (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-09-09 Barry John Hole forming tool
US10689914B2 (en) * 2018-03-21 2020-06-23 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Opening a wellbore with a smart hole-opener
US10689913B2 (en) 2018-03-21 2020-06-23 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Supporting a string within a wellbore with a smart stabilizer
CN108756757B (zh) * 2018-05-30 2020-07-03 河南理工大学 注液式矿用钻头式扩孔器
US20210115736A1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-22 Wellbore Integrity Solutions Llc Use of Rotary Cutting Elements in Downhole Milling
US11299968B2 (en) 2020-04-06 2022-04-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Reducing wellbore annular pressure with a release system
US11414942B2 (en) 2020-10-14 2022-08-16 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Packer installation systems and related methods

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1578574A (en) * 1923-04-04 1926-03-30 John M Bateman Rotary underreamer
GB280532A (en) * 1926-11-10 1928-12-27 Arthur Macdonald Gildersleeve Improvements in apparatus for earth and rock drilling
US2893696A (en) * 1956-06-06 1959-07-07 Lee R Mcguire Rotary, earth trepanning tools
US4282941A (en) * 1979-04-18 1981-08-11 Smith International Inc. Underreamer with large cutter elements and axial fluid passage
GB2168737A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-06-25 Megadiamond Ind Inc Improved bearing system for a roller cone rock bit
EP0237359A2 (fr) * 1986-03-13 1987-09-16 Smith International, Inc. Trépan rotatif du type racleur

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771275A (en) * 1952-01-29 1956-11-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Hard formation retractable drill bit
US2822149A (en) * 1954-08-25 1958-02-04 Rotary Oil Tool Company Rotary expansible drill bits
US3224507A (en) * 1962-09-07 1965-12-21 Servco Co Expansible subsurface well bore apparatus
US3575245A (en) * 1969-02-05 1971-04-20 Servco Co Apparatus for expanding holes
US3712854A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-01-23 Servco Co Expansible drilling tool
US3817339A (en) * 1973-01-12 1974-06-18 Servco Co Underreamer
US3949820A (en) * 1975-02-21 1976-04-13 Smith International, Inc. Underreamer cutter arm
US4064951A (en) * 1976-03-19 1977-12-27 The Servco Company, A Division Of Smith International, Inc. Underreamer having cutter arm position indication
US4055226A (en) * 1976-03-19 1977-10-25 The Servco Company, A Division Of Smith International, Inc. Underreamer having splined torque transmitting connection between telescoping portions for control of cutter position
US4091883A (en) * 1976-03-19 1978-05-30 The Servco Company, A Division Of Smith International Underreaming tool with overriding extended arm retainer
US4282942A (en) * 1979-06-25 1981-08-11 Smith International Inc. Underreamer with ported cam sleeve upper extension
US4589504A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-05-20 Diamant Boart Societe Anonyme Well bore enlarger

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1578574A (en) * 1923-04-04 1926-03-30 John M Bateman Rotary underreamer
GB280532A (en) * 1926-11-10 1928-12-27 Arthur Macdonald Gildersleeve Improvements in apparatus for earth and rock drilling
US2893696A (en) * 1956-06-06 1959-07-07 Lee R Mcguire Rotary, earth trepanning tools
US4282941A (en) * 1979-04-18 1981-08-11 Smith International Inc. Underreamer with large cutter elements and axial fluid passage
GB2168737A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-06-25 Megadiamond Ind Inc Improved bearing system for a roller cone rock bit
EP0237359A2 (fr) * 1986-03-13 1987-09-16 Smith International, Inc. Trépan rotatif du type racleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4846290A (en) 1989-07-11
EP0347033A3 (fr) 1991-03-20

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