EP0345541B1 - Construction process for a cold smelt crucible - Google Patents

Construction process for a cold smelt crucible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0345541B1
EP0345541B1 EP19890109366 EP89109366A EP0345541B1 EP 0345541 B1 EP0345541 B1 EP 0345541B1 EP 19890109366 EP19890109366 EP 19890109366 EP 89109366 A EP89109366 A EP 89109366A EP 0345541 B1 EP0345541 B1 EP 0345541B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
base part
wall segments
cold
melting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19890109366
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0345541A2 (en
EP0345541A3 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Gier
Manfred Beyss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
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Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
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Publication of EP0345541A2 publication Critical patent/EP0345541A2/en
Publication of EP0345541A3 publication Critical patent/EP0345541A3/en
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Publication of EP0345541B1 publication Critical patent/EP0345541B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • F27B14/063—Skull melting type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0046—Means to facilitate repair or replacement or prevent quick wearing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a cold-melting crucible for melting small amounts of metal in suspension, which consists of an upper crucible forming the crucible trough by appropriately shaped wall segments and a base part with the distribution lines for the cooling system cooling channels run through slots which are separated from one another and into which the supply lines for the coolant are introduced from below.
  • the invention further relates to a cold-melting crucible according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • Cold melting crucibles are used to produce very pure metal samples and are used in particular as melting furnaces for growing single crystals.
  • the low level of contamination of metals melted in cold-melting crucibles is due to the fact that, as a result of strong cooling of the crucible wall and by generating a magnetic field by means of high-frequency induction coils, the metal body, which was initially solid and then melted, is kept freely suspended in a stable position in the melting chamber (see DE -PS 5 18 499; laboratory Methods, 1963, pages 301 ff., Metals Research-Advance Information, HCC 50 Cold Crucible).
  • the aim is to divide the crucible wall into as many segments as possible.
  • a cold-melting crucible of this type is known from DE-OS 21 00 378.
  • the manufacturing process for this crucible is very complex because the crucible is made from a solid material by drilling and cutting the slots, usually by means of spark erosion.
  • a cold-melting crucible of the type mentioned is also known from DE-PS 27 17 459.
  • the production method for this crucible is that it is composed of annular metal disks with radial slots, the metal disks being soldered to one another and to a base plate for the cold-melting crucible. This method of production is also relatively complex.
  • the object of the invention is also a repair-friendly and user-friendly cold melting crucible.
  • the individual wall segments are produced from a solid material by means of quick and simple working processes, such as milling.
  • a larger starting workpiece for example a cylindrical solid material with a larger diameter, is assumed.
  • other manufacturing processes such as casting processes, can also be used.
  • the individual wall segments are connected by soldering to the discharge pipes for the coolant that protrude from the base part. Any necessary adjustment is easily possible by bending the cooling lines.
  • connection between the individual wall segment and the cooling line is expediently made by soft soldering. As a result, a single wall segment for repairing the crucible can be easily removed.
  • the crucible is easy and inexpensive to repair, since individual wall segments can be easily removed and replaced with new ones if necessary.
  • the compact design of the upper part enclosing the crucible trough enables a more effective coupling to the HF magnetic field than is the case with crucibles the known design initially mentioned is the case.
  • the magnetic field can be concentrated on the upper part, which leads to an energy gain of up to 30%.
  • the cold-melting crucible has an upper part, which consists of a multiplicity of wall segments 1, and a base part 2, which terminates at the bottom with a flange 3 and the supply and discharge lines for the coolant contains.
  • the base part also has a further flange 4 for receiving the pressure vessel - which is not shown in the drawing.
  • the wall segments which are separated from each other by a maximum gap of 0.5 mm, are shaped so that the melting chamber optimally matches the melting conditions is adjusted.
  • Cooling channels 7 run in the segments, which are guided along the inner surface of the melting chamber in such a way that sufficient cooling of the crucible-shaped crucible wall on the bottom is achieved.
  • the coolant lines 9 and 9a form the mechanical connection between the upper part consisting of the wall segments 1 and the base part 2. These are hard-soldered to the base part, but soft-soldered to the respective wall segment, so that the connection can be easily released in the event of a repair.
  • the coolant lines 9 are connected to the derivative 9 '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegels zum Schmelzen kleiner Metallmengen in der Schwebe, der aus einem oberen, die Tiegelmulde durch entsprechend geformte Wandsegmente bildenden Tiegel und einem Basisteil mit den Verteilungsleitungen für das Kühlsystem besteht, wobei in den durch Schlitze voneinander getrennten Wandsegmenten Kühlkanäle laufen, in die von unten die Zuführungsleitungen für das Kühlmittel eingebracht sind. Die Erfindung bezieht sich ferner auf einen Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 2.The invention relates to a method for producing a cold-melting crucible for melting small amounts of metal in suspension, which consists of an upper crucible forming the crucible trough by appropriately shaped wall segments and a base part with the distribution lines for the cooling system cooling channels run through slots which are separated from one another and into which the supply lines for the coolant are introduced from below. The invention further relates to a cold-melting crucible according to the preamble of claim 2.

Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel werden zur Herstellung sehr reiner Metallproben eingesetzt und insbesondere als Schmelzöfen zur Züchtung von Einkristallen verwendet. Die geringe Verunreinigung von in Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegeln erschmolzenen Metallen beruht darauf, daß infolge starker Kühlung der Tiegelwandung und durch Erzeugen eines Magnetfeldes mittels Hochfrequenz-Induktionsspulen der zunächst fest und dann geschmolzene Metallkörper in einer stabilen Lage frei schwebend im Schmelzraum gehalten wird (vergleiche DE-PS 5 18 499; laboratory Methods, 1963, Seiten 301 ff., Metals Research-Advance Information, H.C.C. 50 Cold Crucible). Um die transformatorische Wirkung der Hochfrequenzspule optimal auszunutzen, wird eine Aufteilung der Tiegelwandung in möglichst viele Segmente angestrebt.Cold melting crucibles are used to produce very pure metal samples and are used in particular as melting furnaces for growing single crystals. The low level of contamination of metals melted in cold-melting crucibles is due to the fact that, as a result of strong cooling of the crucible wall and by generating a magnetic field by means of high-frequency induction coils, the metal body, which was initially solid and then melted, is kept freely suspended in a stable position in the melting chamber (see DE -PS 5 18 499; laboratory Methods, 1963, pages 301 ff., Metals Research-Advance Information, HCC 50 Cold Crucible). In order to optimally utilize the transformer effect of the high-frequency coil, the aim is to divide the crucible wall into as many segments as possible.

Ein Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel dieser Art ist aus der DE-OS 21 00 378 bekannt. Das Herstellungsverfahren für diesen Tiegel ist sehr aufwendig, da der Tiegel aus einem Vollmaterial durch Ausbohren und Einschneiden der Schlitze, in der Regel mittels Funkenerosion, hergestellt wird.A cold-melting crucible of this type is known from DE-OS 21 00 378. The manufacturing process for this crucible is very complex because the crucible is made from a solid material by drilling and cutting the slots, usually by means of spark erosion.

Ein Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel der eingangs bezeichneten Art ist ferner aus der DE-PS 27 17 459 bekannt. Die Herstellungsweise für diesen Tiegel besteht darin, daß er aus kreisringförmigen Metallscheiben mit radialen Schlitzen zusammengesetzt wird, wobei die Metallscheiben miteinander und mit einer Bodenplatte für den Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel verlötet werden. Auch diese Herstellungsweise ist relativ aufwendig.A cold-melting crucible of the type mentioned is also known from DE-PS 27 17 459. The production method for this crucible is that it is composed of annular metal disks with radial slots, the metal disks being soldered to one another and to a base plate for the cold-melting crucible. This method of production is also relatively complex.

Bei den bekannten Schmelz-Tiegeln ist außerdem von Nachteil, daß ein Verstopfen der Schlitze, beispielsweise durch in die Schlitze gelangendes Metall, oder ein Verstopfen der Kühlkanäle mit einer aufwendigen Reparatur verbunden ist, in den meisten Fällen sogar dazu führt, daß ein neuer Tiegel angefertigt werden muß.In the case of the known crucibles, it is also disadvantageous that clogging of the slots, for example due to metal entering the slots, or clogging of the cooling channels is associated with a costly repair, in most cases even leads to a new crucible being made must become.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Herstellungsverfahren für einen Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel der eingangs bezeichneten Art zu schaffen, das keiner aufwendigen Schneidetechnik, wie beispielsweise der Funkenerosion bedarf und das zu einem Schmelz-Tiegel führt, der im Falle der Verstopfung von Schlitzen oder Kühlkanälen relativ einfach zu reparieren ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist ferner ein reparaturfreundlicher und nutzerfreundlicher Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a production method for a cold-melting crucible of the type described in the opening paragraph which does not require any complex cutting technology, such as spark erosion, and which leads to a melting crucible which, in the event of blockages in slots or Cooling channels is relatively easy to repair. The object of the invention is also a repair-friendly and user-friendly cold melting crucible.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die Verfahrensmaßnahme gemäß dem Kennzeichnungsteil des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object on which the invention is based is achieved by the procedural measure according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die Einzelwandsegmente werden erfindungsgemäß durch schnelle und einfache Arbeitsverfahren, wie beispielsweise Fräsen, aus einem Vollmaterial hergestellt. Zur Berücksichtigung des Metallverlustes durch den Trennvorgang (relativ breite Schlitze durch die Bearbeitung) wird von einem größeren Ausgangswerkstück, beispielsweise einem zylindrischen Vollmaterial mit größerem Durchmesser ausgegangen. Andere Herstellungsverfahren, wie beispielsweise Gießverfahren, sind jedoch ebenfalls einsetzbar.According to the invention, the individual wall segments are produced from a solid material by means of quick and simple working processes, such as milling. To take into account the metal loss due to the cutting process (relatively wide slots due to the machining), a larger starting workpiece, for example a cylindrical solid material with a larger diameter, is assumed. However, other manufacturing processes, such as casting processes, can also be used.

Die Einzelwandsegmente werden durch Löten mit den aus dem Basisteil herausragenden Ableitungsrohren für das Kühlmittel verbunden. Eine eventuell notwendige Justage ist leicht durch Biegen der Kühlleitungen möglich.The individual wall segments are connected by soldering to the discharge pipes for the coolant that protrude from the base part. Any necessary adjustment is easily possible by bending the cooling lines.

Die Verbindung zwischen Einzelwandsegment und der Kühlleitung wird zweckmaßigerweise durch Weichlöten hergestellt. Das hat zur Folge, daß ein einzelnes Wandsegment zur Reparatur des Tiegels leicht herausgelöst werden kann.The connection between the individual wall segment and the cooling line is expediently made by soft soldering. As a result, a single wall segment for repairing the crucible can be easily removed.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird außerdem durch einen Tiegel mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 gelöst.The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a crucible with the features of claim 2.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ist der Tiegel leicht und kostengünstig zu reparieren, da Einzelwandsegmente leicht herausgelöst und ggf. durch neue ersetzt werden können.As already mentioned, the crucible is easy and inexpensive to repair, since individual wall segments can be easily removed and replaced with new ones if necessary.

Darüber hinaus hat sich auch gezeigt, daß die kompakte Bauart des oberen, die Tiegelmulde umschließenden Teils eine effektivere Ankopplung an das HF-Magnetfeld ermöglicht als dies bei Tiegeln der eingangs bezeichneten, bekannten Bauart der Fall ist. Beim Tiegel gemäß der Erfindung kann das Magnetfeld auf den oberen Teil konzentriert werden, was zu einem bis zu 30 %-igen Energiegewinn führt.In addition, it has also been shown that the compact design of the upper part enclosing the crucible trough enables a more effective coupling to the HF magnetic field than is the case with crucibles the known design initially mentioned is the case. In the crucible according to the invention, the magnetic field can be concentrated on the upper part, which leads to an energy gain of up to 30%.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegels gemäß der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher erläutert:An embodiment of the cold-melting crucible according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing and is explained in more detail below:

Es zeigenShow it

Figur 1Figure 1
einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Tiegel längs der in Figur 2 angegebenen Linie A - B;a vertical section through the crucible along the line A - B shown in Figure 2;
Figur 2Figure 2
eine Draufsicht auf den oberen Teil des Tiegels (ohne HF-Wicklung).a plan view of the upper part of the crucible (without HF winding).

Der Kalt-Schmelz-Tiegel weist - wie aus Figur 1 hervorgeht - ein oberes Teil, das aus einer Vielzahl von Wandsegmenten 1 besteht, sowie ein Basisteil 2 auf, das nach unten mit einem Flansch 3 abschließt und die Zu- und Ableitungen für das Kühlmittel enthält. Das Basisteil weist ferner einen weiteren Flansch 4 zur Aufnahme des Druckbehälters - der in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt ist - auf.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the cold-melting crucible has an upper part, which consists of a multiplicity of wall segments 1, and a base part 2, which terminates at the bottom with a flange 3 and the supply and discharge lines for the coolant contains. The base part also has a further flange 4 for receiving the pressure vessel - which is not shown in the drawing.

Die das obere Teil bildenden Wandsegmente - siehe auch Figur 2 - verjüngen sich nach innen und umschließen die eine zentrale Öffnung am Boden aufweisende Tiegelmulde. Im Außenraum werden die Wandsegmente von einer Hochfrequenzspule 6 umgeben.The wall segments forming the upper part - see also FIG. 2 - taper inwards and enclose the crucible trough which has a central opening on the bottom. In the outside space, the wall segments are surrounded by a high-frequency coil 6.

Die Wandsegmente, die durch einen Spalt von maximal 0,5 mm voneinander getrennt sind, sind so geformt, daß der Schmelzraum den Schmelzbedingungen optimal angepaßt ist. In den Segmenten laufen Kühlkanäle 7, die entlang der inneren Oberfläche des Schmelzraumes so geführt sind, daß eine ausreichende Kühlung der am Boden kalottenförmigen Tiegelwandung erreicht wird. Die Zuleitungsrohre 8, die vom Basisteil 2 ausgehen und mit der Zuleitung 2′ für das Kühlmittel in Verbindung stehen, dienen der Zuführung des Kühlmittels.The wall segments, which are separated from each other by a maximum gap of 0.5 mm, are shaped so that the melting chamber optimally matches the melting conditions is adjusted. Cooling channels 7 run in the segments, which are guided along the inner surface of the melting chamber in such a way that sufficient cooling of the crucible-shaped crucible wall on the bottom is achieved. The supply pipes 8, which start from the base part 2 and are connected to the supply line 2 'for the coolant, serve to supply the coolant.

Die mechanische Verbindung zwischen dem oberen, aus den Wandsegmenten 1 bestehenden Teil und dem Basisteil 2 bilden die Kühlmittelleitungen 9 bzw. 9a. Diese sind mit dem Basisteil hartverlötet, mit dem jeweiligen Wandsegment dagegen weichverlötet, so daß im Reparaturfall die Verbindung leicht gelöst werden kann.The coolant lines 9 and 9a form the mechanical connection between the upper part consisting of the wall segments 1 and the base part 2. These are hard-soldered to the base part, but soft-soldered to the respective wall segment, so that the connection can be easily released in the event of a repair.

Die Kühlmittelleitungen 9 sind mit der Ableitung 9′ verbunden.The coolant lines 9 are connected to the derivative 9 '.

Claims (2)

  1. Method for producing a cold melt crucible for melting small quantities of metal in suspension, which crucible comprises an upper crucible part forming the crucible well by suitably shaped wall segments, and a base part with the distributing conduits for the cooling system, there being arranged in the wall segments, which are separated from one another by slits, cooling ducts into which there enter from below the supply conduits for the coolant, characterised in that the wall segments are produced individually, and are connected by soldering or the like to the coolant discharge pipes which project from the base part.
  2. Cold melt crucible for the melting of small quantities of metal in suspension, which crucible comprises the crucible well in its upper part and with the base part is adapted to be flange-connected to a negative-pressure conduit or an appropriate apparatus, the crucible well being formed of suitably shaped wall segments which are separated from one another by slits and in which extend cooling ducts into which coolant supply conduits proceeding from the base part are introduced, and the base part containing the supply and discharge conduits for the cooling system, characterised in that the upper part is formed of individual wall segments (1), and the connecting means between the upper part and the base part (2) are constituted by coolant discharge pipes (8) which project from the base part and which are each connected to an individual wall element.
EP19890109366 1988-06-04 1989-05-24 Construction process for a cold smelt crucible Expired - Lifetime EP0345541B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3819153 1988-06-04
DE19883819153 DE3819153A1 (en) 1988-06-04 1988-06-04 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A COLD-MELTING POT

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0345541A2 EP0345541A2 (en) 1989-12-13
EP0345541A3 EP0345541A3 (en) 1990-03-28
EP0345541B1 true EP0345541B1 (en) 1993-03-31

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EP19890109366 Expired - Lifetime EP0345541B1 (en) 1988-06-04 1989-05-24 Construction process for a cold smelt crucible

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DE (1) DE3819153A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3940029C2 (en) * 1989-12-04 1994-04-14 Leybold Ag Crucibles for induction heating
DE4018925A1 (en) * 1990-06-13 1991-12-19 Leybold Ag INDUCTION MELTING OVENS
DE4022561C1 (en) * 1990-07-16 1992-02-27 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh, 5170 Juelich, De
DE4209964C2 (en) * 1992-03-27 2000-11-02 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Device for the production of metals and metal alloys of high purity
US5528620A (en) * 1993-10-06 1996-06-18 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Levitating and melting apparatus and method of operating the same
DE102005054319B4 (en) * 2005-11-11 2013-04-25 Schott Ag Modular skull crucible, boundary and extension elements and method for melting and / or refining an inorganic substance, in particular of glass
DE102008050855B4 (en) 2008-10-08 2018-11-22 Uwe Geib Method for the continuous or periodic replacement of assemblies or individual components of a melting furnace or a conveyor line and melting furnace or conveyor line

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1186806A (en) * 1968-09-20 1970-04-08 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the heat treatment of electrically conductive materials
GB1221909A (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-02-10 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for the heat treatment of electrically conductive materials
DE2717459C2 (en) * 1977-04-20 1982-07-29 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Process for the manufacture of a cold crucible
FR2595716B1 (en) * 1986-03-13 1992-07-10 Technogenia Sa PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE ELABORATION OF REFRACTORY MATERIALS BY INDUCTION
US4738713A (en) * 1986-12-04 1988-04-19 The Duriron Company, Inc. Method for induction melting reactive metals and alloys

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3819153A1 (en) 1989-12-07
EP0345541A2 (en) 1989-12-13
EP0345541A3 (en) 1990-03-28
DE3819153C2 (en) 1991-11-14

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