EP0340462A1 - Rotating-drum furnace for drying or mixing freely flowing materials - Google Patents
Rotating-drum furnace for drying or mixing freely flowing materials Download PDFInfo
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- EP0340462A1 EP0340462A1 EP89105913A EP89105913A EP0340462A1 EP 0340462 A1 EP0340462 A1 EP 0340462A1 EP 89105913 A EP89105913 A EP 89105913A EP 89105913 A EP89105913 A EP 89105913A EP 0340462 A1 EP0340462 A1 EP 0340462A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- wall
- internals
- flame
- area
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
- F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
- F27B7/161—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising projections jutting out from the wall
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0463—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
- F26B11/0477—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
- F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotary kiln according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the drying drums used on asphalt mixing plants are rotary kilns, in which the aggregates to be processed, in particular minerals, are dried in order to break down the water in them and bring the aggregates to the required production temperature of around 180 - 400 degrees Celsius.
- Such rotary kilns consist of a horizontally or rotatably driven, or inclined towards the discharge Drum. There is a burner at the discharge end, the flame of which is directed coaxially into the drum.
- the material entry into the drum is at the end facing away from the burner.
- trickle internals are attached to the drum wall. These are shovels or cups that pick up the material at the bottom of the drum and let it trickle in the zenith area of the rotating drum in order to create a uniform material veil that traverses the drum and thus through the outflow zone of the fuel gases.
- the invention has for its object to provide a rotary kiln of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, in which the thermal peak load of rotary kilns and material to be treated is reduced, and the better off allows use of the heat generated by the burner while reducing the environmental impact.
- the trickle internals are arranged only in the relatively "cold area" of the loading end of the drum, while the area surrounding the flame has retaining internals.
- holding fixtures such that these fixtures hold the material in the area of the drum near the wall.
- the material can move in this area, but because of the overlapping plates, it cannot trickle into the flame or the central area of the drum cross-section. Over the entire rotation of the drum, the plates thus prevent the material from reaching the area near the wall in the central region of the drum cross section.
- the entire combustion chamber is kept free from trickling material; the burnout of the flame is not disturbed. This undisturbed combustion reduces the emission values.
- the material held in the area of the drum near the wall is effectively protected against thermal overloading by radiant heat, this protection also being transferred to the drum wall.
- the dimensioning of the holding fixtures is greater than the maximum possible flame length when the burner is operating at full load.
- an axial heat flow is generated, which is directed towards the loading end of the drum and at the end of the holding fixtures branches into a partial flow leading out of the drum and a further partial flow which runs between the drum wall and holding fixtures to the discharge end, i.e. to the burner.
- the rotary kiln is also particularly suitable for processing bituminous road building materials with the addition of mechanically crushed old asphalt.
- the rotary kiln is not limited to asphalt processing; Rather, it can also be used for the uniform drying and / or mixing of other free-flowing materials Materials are used.
- the material can be transported in the longitudinal direction of the drum either by tilting the drum or in that the internals provided in the drum are inclined such that they cause material to be conveyed in the longitudinal direction.
- a preferred embodiment of the holding fixtures is specified in claim 2.
- the holding fixtures should take the material in the direction of rotation of the drum, but at the same time hold this material in the peripheral area of the drum. This happens through the pockets that hold the material until just behind the zenith of the drum rotation. After the zenith has been exceeded, the material falls out of the openings in the pockets to reach the plates which overlap in such a way that the material cannot fall into the open interior of the drum. The material thus forms a veil of material in the drum area near the wall outside the plates, which protects the drum wall and the pockets against excessive radiant heat.
- the pocket walls are attached to the drum wall only at one end, while the other end protrudes freely. Thereby thermal changes in length of the pocket walls are possible without hindrance.
- Each pocket wall is loosely supported at its free end with at least one arm on the adjacent pocket wall, the arms leaving the pocket opening free. In this way, a high mechanical strength of the pockets is achieved while at the same time allowing thermal expansion.
- Claim 4 relates to a preferred attachment of the plates to the pocket walls.
- the plates keep the plates at the required radial distance from the pocket openings, so that the material can fall down in the sloping region of the drum circumference between the pocket walls and the plates.
- a prechamber is provided on the burner, the wall of which protects the foot region of the flame.
- This antechamber is open at the bottom so that material that gets into the antechamber can fall out.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the rotary kiln.
- This rotary kiln has a cylindrical drum 10 which is mounted in rotary bearings 11 and is driven by a rotary drive (not shown) about its longitudinal axis.
- the drum 10 is inclined, the loading end 12 being higher than the discharge end 13.
- trickle internals 15a to 15e are provided, which are fastened to the drum wall 16 and are designed as radially protruding sheets or as a cup.
- the trickle internals take the material from the lower area of the drum rotation in order to let this material trickle into the interior of the drum in the upper area of the drum rotation.
- the trickle internals 15a to 15e extend approximately to the middle of the drum length. They differ in the circumferential spacing of the sheets or cups, which increases towards the middle of the drum length, that is to say is less in the trickle internals 15a than in the trickle internals 15e.
- the burner 18 is fastened to a stationary holder 17, which is connected to a fuel line 19 and sucks in air via a suction opening 20.
- the suction opening 20 is surrounded by a silencer 21.
- the burner 18 generates a flame 22 directed coaxially to the drum axis in the drum 10.
- the foot region of the flame 22 is surrounded by a prechamber wall 23 which protects the flame against external influences and which on lower end 23a is open so that foreign objects can fall out.
- a lifting bucket 24 is attached to the drum wall 10 around the prechamber 23. This lifting bucket 24 is used to lift the material over a stationary funnel 25 and to drop it into the funnel 25.
- a slide 26 leads from the hopper 25 to the material outlet.
- the flame area 27 is the area of the drum 10 that can receive the flame 22. This does not mean that the flame 22 must extend the full length of the flame area 27.
- the flame area 27 is surrounded by the holding fixtures 28 which are fastened to the inside of the drum wall 16. These holding fixtures 28 extend from the inner trickle fixtures 15e to the discharge end 13.
- the construction of the holding fixtures 28 results from the FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the holding fixtures 28 have numerous pockets 29 which are each delimited by the drum wall 16 and by a pocket wall 30.
- the pocket wall 30 is fastened at one end 30a to the drum wall 16, for example by welding, while the other end 30b projects freely in the manner of a cantilever.
- the pocket wall 30 is inclined in the direction of rotation of the drum, so that there is an opening 31 between the free end 30b of each pocket wall and the leading pocket wall. This opening 31 is bridged by two arms 32 which protrude from the end 30b and protrude in the vicinity of the leading pocket wall 30, but are not connected to this leading pocket wall.
- the end 30a of the pocket wall 30 is divided by an expansion slot 33 in the longitudinal direction of the drum.
- a plate 35 extending in the longitudinal direction of the drum is fastened to each pocket wall 30 via radially inwardly directed webs 34.
- the plates 35 form the inner boundaries of the holding fixtures 28. They are oriented approximately tangentially to the drum, and their ends overlap in every rotational position of the drum when the plates are projected onto a horizontal plane.
- FIG. 2 shows the material to be treated, which is located in the lower region of the drum in the pockets 29 and falls out of the respective opening 31 in the vicinity of the zenith of the drum rotation.
- the material then gets onto the outer sides of the plates 35 and is prevented by the overlap of the plates from falling into the central region of the drum cross section and forming a trickle veil passing through the flame 22.
- the plates 35 hold the material in the region of the drum near the wall, where it falls in the sloping part of the drum circumference (right half of FIG. 2) between the pocket walls 30 and the plates 35.
- the material is again taken up by the pockets 29 through the openings 31. It can be seen that the plates 35 and the free-flowing material shield the drum wall 16 over the entire area of the drum circumference against the heat radiation of the flame 22.
- FIG. 4a shows the heat flow 40, which is greatest in the flame region 27 enclosed by the holding installations 28 and flows in the direction of the loading end 12.
- the heat flow 40 branches into a partial flow 40a flowing to the loading end 12 and a partial flow 40b flowing through the holding fixtures 28 in the longitudinal direction in cocurrent with the material to be treated.
- This partial flow 40b is combined again with the heat flow 40 after leaving the burner end of the holding fixtures 28.
- the partial flow 40b partially sucks in the water vapor generated in the area of the trickle internals from the loading end 12 and carries it along into the flame area 27.
- the solid curve 43 in FIG. 4c shows the course of the material flow density in the known rotary kilns, and in comparison the curve 42 shows the course of the material flow density in the described rotary kiln.
- the material flow density is the measure of the material falling through the heat flow.
- the material flow density in the area of the loading end of the rotary kiln is disproportionately high, in order to then decrease very sharply until the start of the holding internals.
- the material flow density is zero in the entire flame area - due to the holding fixtures - i.e. no material falls through the flame area.
- the thermal drum load is plotted against the drum length, curve 44 representing the course of the drum load in known rotary furnaces and, by comparison, curve 45 representing the drum load in the rotary furnace according to the invention. It can be seen that the thermal drum loading of curve 45 is consistently below that of curve 44, which is due to the effect of drum internals 28. In particular, the sucked-in water vapor flow 41 (FIG. 4a) also has an effect with regard to a reduction in the thermal drum load.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Drehofen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a rotary kiln according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Die an Asphalt-Mischanlagen eingesetzten Trockentrommeln sind Drehöfen, in denen die zu verarbeitenden Zuschlagstoffe, insbesondere Mineralstoffe, getrocknet werden, um das in ihnen befindliche Wasser abzubauen und die Zuschlagstoffe auf die erforderliche Produktionstemperatur von etwa 180 - 400 Grad C zu bringen.The drying drums used on asphalt mixing plants are rotary kilns, in which the aggregates to be processed, in particular minerals, are dried in order to break down the water in them and bring the aggregates to the required production temperature of around 180 - 400 degrees Celsius.
Derartige Drehöfen bestehen aus einer horizontalen oder zum Austrag hin geneigten, drehend angetriebenen Trommel. Am Austragsende befindet sich ein Brenner, dessen Flamme koaxial in die Trommel gerichtet ist.Such rotary kilns consist of a horizontally or rotatably driven, or inclined towards the discharge Drum. There is a burner at the discharge end, the flame of which is directed coaxially into the drum.
Der Materialeintrag in die Trommel befindet sich an dem dem Brenner abgewandten Ende.The material entry into the drum is at the end facing away from the burner.
Im Bereich des Materialeintrages sind an der Trommelwand Rieseleinbauten angebracht. Hierbei handelt es sich um Schaufel oder Becher, die das Material am Trommelboden aufnehmen und im Zenitbereich der drehenden Trommel ausrieseln lassen, um einen quer durch die Trommel und damit durch die Abströmzone der Brenngase hindurchgehenden, gleichmäßigen Materialschleier zu erzeugen.In the area of the material entry, trickle internals are attached to the drum wall. These are shovels or cups that pick up the material at the bottom of the drum and let it trickle in the zenith area of the rotating drum in order to create a uniform material veil that traverses the drum and thus through the outflow zone of the fuel gases.
Die größte thermische Belastung tritt bei derartigen Drehöfen in dem die Flamme umgebenden Bereich auf. In diesem Bereich sind bei den bekannten Drehöfen die Einbauten in der Weise modifiziert, daß sie kastenförmig ausgebildet sind und das Material bis weit über den Zenit der Trommeldrehung festhalten. Danach fällt das Material durch die Kastenöffnung heraus.The greatest thermal stress occurs in such rotary kilns in the area surrounding the flame. In this area of the known rotary kilns, the internals are modified in such a way that they are box-shaped and hold the material well beyond the zenith of the drum rotation. Then the material falls out through the box opening.
Mit dieser kastenförmigen Ausbildung der Einbauten soll die thermische Belastung des Drehofens herabgesetzt und ein ungestörter Ausbrand der Flamme erreicht werden. Beide Kriterien werden nur bedingt erfüllt.With this box-shaped design of the internals, the thermal load on the rotary kiln is to be reduced and an undisturbed burnout of the flame is to be achieved. Both criteria are only partially met.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Drehofen der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art zu schaffen, bei dem die thermische Spitzenbelastung von Drehöfen und zu behandelndem Material verringert ist, und der eine bessere Aus nutzung der vom Brenner erzeugten Wärme bei gleichzeitig reduzierter Umweltbelastung ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a rotary kiln of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, in which the thermal peak load of rotary kilns and material to be treated is reduced, and the better off allows use of the heat generated by the burner while reducing the environmental impact.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.This object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehofen sind die Rieseleinbauten nur in dem relativ "kalten Bereich" des Beschickungsendes der Trommel angeordnet, während der die Flamme umgebende Bereich Halteeinbauten aufweist.In the rotary kiln according to the invention, the trickle internals are arranged only in the relatively "cold area" of the loading end of the drum, while the area surrounding the flame has retaining internals.
Der Begriff "Halteeinbauten" ist so zu verstehen, daß diese Einbauten das Material im wandnahen Bereich der Trommel festhalten. Zwar kann das Material sich in diesem Bereich bewegen, jedoch wegen der sich überlappenden Platten nicht in die Flamme bzw. den mittleren Bereich des Trommelquerschnitts hineinrieseln. Die Platten verhindern somit über die gesamte Trommeldrehung hinweg, daß das Material aus dem wandnahen Bereich in den mittleren Bereich des Trommelquerschnitts gelangt. Der gesamte Brennraum wird von rieselndem Material freigehalten; der Ausbrand der Flamme wird nicht gestört. Durch diese ungestörte Verbrennung werden die Emissionswerte verringert.The term "holding fixtures" is to be understood such that these fixtures hold the material in the area of the drum near the wall. The material can move in this area, but because of the overlapping plates, it cannot trickle into the flame or the central area of the drum cross-section. Over the entire rotation of the drum, the plates thus prevent the material from reaching the area near the wall in the central region of the drum cross section. The entire combustion chamber is kept free from trickling material; the burnout of the flame is not disturbed. This undisturbed combustion reduces the emission values.
Des weiteren wird das im wandnahen Bereich der Trommel gehaltene Material vor thermischer Überlastung durch Strahlungswärme wirksam geschützt, wobei sich dieser Schutz auch auf die Trommelwandung überträgt. Die Bemessung der Halteeinbauten ist größer als die maximal mögliche Flammenlänge im Vollastbetrieb des Brenners.Furthermore, the material held in the area of the drum near the wall is effectively protected against thermal overloading by radiant heat, this protection also being transferred to the drum wall. The dimensioning of the holding fixtures is greater than the maximum possible flame length when the burner is operating at full load.
Im Innern des von den Halteeinbauten umschlossenen Raums entsteht ein axialer Wärmestrom, der zum Beschickungsende der Trommel gerichtet ist und sich am Ende der Halteeinbauten verzweigt in einen aus der Trommel herausführenden Teilstrom und einen weiteren Teilstrom, der zwischen Trommelwandung und Halteeinbauten zum Austragsende, d.h. zum Brenner, zurückführt.In the interior of the space enclosed by the holding fixtures, an axial heat flow is generated, which is directed towards the loading end of the drum and at the end of the holding fixtures branches into a partial flow leading out of the drum and a further partial flow which runs between the drum wall and holding fixtures to the discharge end, i.e. to the burner.
Die Folge dieser Wärmeströmung ist, daß sich eine über die Trommellänge weitgehend vergleichmäßigte Wärmebelastung der Trommelwandung ergibt, wobei die Wärmebelastung der Trommelwandung im Bereich der Halteeinbauten in der Regel nicht größer ist als die thermische Belastung im Bereich der Rieseleinbauten.The result of this heat flow is that there is a largely uniform thermal load on the drum wall over the drum length, the heat load on the drum wall in the area of the holding internals generally being no greater than the thermal load in the region of the trickle internals.
Eine weitere Folge dieser Wärmeströmung ist, daß der im Bereich der Rieseleinbauten entstehende Wasserdampf mit der Teilstromrückführung zum Brenner geführt wird - dort durch die Flamme überhitzt wird - und in den Wärmeübertragungsprozeß eingegliedert wird. Trotz direkter Beheizung erfolgt der Wärmeübergang weitestgehend durch die Heißgasumluftströmung, d.h. indirekt.Another consequence of this heat flow is that the water vapor generated in the area of the trickle internals is led back to the burner with the partial flow recirculation - where it is overheated by the flame - and is integrated into the heat transfer process. Despite direct heating, the heat transfer takes place largely through the hot gas recirculation, i.e. indirectly.
Bedingt durch diesen vorwiegend indirekten Wärmeübergang, können auch temperaturempfindliche Materialstoffe auf Produktionstemperatur erwärmt werden, ohne daß unzulässige Materialschädigungen und auch Emissionen entstehen. Der Drehofen eignet sich insbesondere auch zur Aufbereitung von bituminösen Straßenbaustoffen unter Zugabe von mechanisch zerkleinertem Altasphalt. Der Drehofen ist aber nicht auf die Asphaltaufbereitung beschränkt; er kann vielmehr auch für die gleichmäßige Trocknung und/oder Mischung von anderen rieselfähigen Materialien verwendet werden. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehofen kann der Transport des Materials in Längsrichtung der Trommel entweder durch Schrägstellung der Trommel erfolgen oder dadurch, daß die in der Trommel vorgesehenen Einbauten so schräggestellt sind, daß sie eine Materialförderung in Längsrichtung bewirken.Due to this predominantly indirect heat transfer, temperature-sensitive materials can also be heated to production temperature without causing unacceptable material damage and emissions. The rotary kiln is also particularly suitable for processing bituminous road building materials with the addition of mechanically crushed old asphalt. The rotary kiln is not limited to asphalt processing; Rather, it can also be used for the uniform drying and / or mixing of other free-flowing materials Materials are used. In the rotary kiln according to the invention, the material can be transported in the longitudinal direction of the drum either by tilting the drum or in that the internals provided in the drum are inclined such that they cause material to be conveyed in the longitudinal direction.
Eine bevorzugte Ausbildung der Halteeinbauten ist im Anspruch 2 angegeben. Die Halteeinbauten sollen das Material in Drehrichtung der Trommel mitnehmen, dieses Material aber zugleich im Randbereich der Trommel halten. Dies geschieht durch die Taschen, die das Material bis kurz hinter dem Zenit der Trommeldrehung aufnehmen. Nach Überschreiten des Zenits fällt das Material aus den Öffnungen der Taschen heraus, um von dort auf die Platten zu gelangen, die sich derart überlappen, daß das Material nicht in das offene Innere der Trommel hineinfallen kann. Das Material bildet somit im wandnahen Trommelbereich außerhalb der Platten einen Materialschleier, der die Trommelwand und die Taschen vor übermäßiger Strahlungswärme schützt.A preferred embodiment of the holding fixtures is specified in claim 2. The holding fixtures should take the material in the direction of rotation of the drum, but at the same time hold this material in the peripheral area of the drum. This happens through the pockets that hold the material until just behind the zenith of the drum rotation. After the zenith has been exceeded, the material falls out of the openings in the pockets to reach the plates which overlap in such a way that the material cannot fall into the open interior of the drum. The material thus forms a veil of material in the drum area near the wall outside the plates, which protects the drum wall and the pockets against excessive radiant heat.
Nach Anspruch 3 sind die Taschenwände nur an einem Ende an der Trommelwand befestigt, während das andere Ende frei absteht. Dadurch sind thermische Längenänderungen der Taschenwände ungehindert möglich. Jede Taschenwand stützt sich an ihrem freien Ende mit mindestens einem Arm lose an der benachbarten Taschenwand ab, wobei die Arme die Taschenöffnung freilassen. Auf diese Weise wird eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit der Taschen bei gleichzeitiger Ermöglichung von thermischer Ausdehnung erreicht.According to claim 3, the pocket walls are attached to the drum wall only at one end, while the other end protrudes freely. Thereby thermal changes in length of the pocket walls are possible without hindrance. Each pocket wall is loosely supported at its free end with at least one arm on the adjacent pocket wall, the arms leaving the pocket opening free. In this way, a high mechanical strength of the pockets is achieved while at the same time allowing thermal expansion.
Anspruch 4 bezieht sich auf eine bevorzugte Befestigung der Platten an den Taschenwänden. Durch die Stege werden die Platten in dem erforderlichen radialen Abstand zu den Taschenöffnungen gehalten, so daß das Material im abfallenden Bereich des Trommelumfangs zwischen den Taschenwänden und den Platten herabfallen kann.Claim 4 relates to a preferred attachment of the plates to the pocket walls. The plates keep the plates at the required radial distance from the pocket openings, so that the material can fall down in the sloping region of the drum circumference between the pocket walls and the plates.
Nach Anspruch 5 ist am Brenner eine Vorkammer vorgesehen, deren Wand den Fußbereich der Flamme schützt. Diese Vorkammer ist unten offen, damit Material, das in die Vorkammer hineingelangt, herausfallen kann.According to claim 5, a prechamber is provided on the burner, the wall of which protects the foot region of the flame. This antechamber is open at the bottom so that material that gets into the antechamber can fall out.
Im folgenden wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert.In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch den Drehofen,
- Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch die Halteeinbauten entlang der Linie II-II von Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Taschenwand, etwa aus Richtung des Pfeiles III von Fig. 2, und
- Fig. 4 verschiedene Diagramme zur Verdeutlichung der Wärmeströme, der Materialerwärmung, der Materialstromdichte und der thermischen Trommelbelastung jeweils in Längsrichtung des Drehofens.
- 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through the rotary kiln,
- 2 shows a section through the holding fixtures along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a pocket wall, approximately from the direction of arrow III of Fig. 2, and
- Fig. 4 different diagrams to illustrate the heat flows, the material heating, the material flow density and the thermal drum load in each case in the longitudinal direction of the rotary kiln.
In Fig. 1 ist ein schematischer Längsschnitt des Drehofens dargestellt. Dieser Drehofen weist eine zylindrische Trommel 10 auf, die in Drehlagern 11 gelagert ist und von einem (nicht dargestellten) Drehantrieb um ihre Längsachse angetrieben wird. Die Trommel 10 ist schräggestellt, wobei das Beschickungsende 12 höher liegt als das Austragende 13. Am Beschickungsende 12, in das das rieselfähige Material eingegeben wird, befinden sich schraubenförmige Leitelemente 14, um das Material während der Trommeldrehung in das Trommelinnere einzuziehen. Daran anschließend sind Rieseleinbauten 15a bis 15e vorgesehen, die an der Trommelwand 16 befestigt und als radial abstehende Bleche oder als Becher ausgebildet sind. Die Rieseleinbauten nehmen das Material vom unteren Bereich der Trommeldrehung mit, um dieses Material im oberen Bereich der Trommeldrehung in das Trommelinnere hinein ausrieseln zu lassen. Die Rieseleinbauten 15a bis 15e erstrecken sich etwa bis zur Mitte der Trommellänge. Sie unterscheiden sich durch den Umfangsabstand der Bleche oder Becher, welcher zur Mitte der Trommellänge hin zunimmt, also bei den Rieseleinbauten 15a geringer ist als bei den Rieseleinbauten 15e.1 shows a schematic longitudinal section of the rotary kiln. This rotary kiln has a
Am Austragende 13 der rotierenden Trommel 10 ist an einem ortsfesten Halter 17 der Brenner 18 befestigt, der an eine Brennstoffleitung 19 angeschlossen ist und über eine Ansaugöffnung 20 Luft ansaugt. Die Ansaugöffnung 20 ist von einem Schalldämpfer 21 umgeben. Der Brenner 18 erzeugt eine koaxial zur Trommelachse in die Trommel 10 gerichtete Flamme 22. Der Fußbereich der Flamme 22 ist von einer Vorkammerwand 23 umgeben, die die Flamme gegen äußere Einwirkungen schützt und die am unteren Ende 23a offen ist, damit Fremdkörper herausfallen können. Um die Vorkammer 23 herum ist ein Hubbecherwerk 24 an der Trommelwand 10 befestigt. Dieses Hubbecherwerk 24 dient dazu, das Material über einen ortsfesten Trichter 25 anzuheben und es in den Trichter 25 einfallen zu lassen. Vom Trichter 25 führt eine Rutsche 26 zu dem Materialauslaß.At the
Der Flammbereich 27 ist derjenige Bereich der Trommel 10, der die Flamme 22 aufnehmen kann. Dies bedeutet nicht, daß die Flamme 22 sich über die volle Länge des Flammbereichs 27 erstrecken muß. Der Flammbereich 27 ist von den Halteeinbauten 28 umgeben, die an der Innenseite der Trommelwand 16 befestigt sind. Diese Halteeinbauten 28 erstrecken sich von den inneren Rieseleinbauten 15e bis zum Austragende 13.The
Die Konstruktion der Halteeinbauten 28 ergibt sich aus den Fign. 2 und 3. Die Halteeinbauten 28 weisen zahlreiche Taschen 29 auf, die jeweils von der Trommelwand 16 und von einer Taschenwand 30 begrenzt sind. Die Taschenwand 30 ist mit einem Ende 30a an der Trommelwand 16 befestigt, z.B. durch Anschweißen, während das andere Ende 30b nach Art eines Auslegers frei absteht. Die Taschenwand 30 ist in Drehrichtung der Trommel schräggestellt, so daß sich zwischen dem freien Ende 30b jeder Taschenwand und der vorauslaufenden Taschenwand eine Öffnung 31 befindet. Diese Öffnung 31 wird von zwei Armen 32 überbrückt, die von dem Ende 30b abstehen und in die Nähe der vorauslaufenden Taschenwand 30 ragen, ohne jedoch mit dieser vorauslaufenden Taschenwand verbunden zu sein. Das Ende 30a der Taschenwand 30 ist durch einen Dehnungsschlitz 33 in Längsrichtung der Trommel unterteilt.The construction of the holding
An jeder Taschenwand 30 ist über radial nach innen gerichtete Stege 34 eine sich in Längsrichtung der Trommel erstreckende Platte 35 befestigt. Die Platten 35 bilden die inneren Begrenzungen der Halteeinbauten 28. Sie sind etwa tangential zur Trommel ausgerichtet, und ihre Enden überlappen sich in jeder Drehstellung der Trommel bei Projektion der Platten auf eine horizontale Ebene.A
In Fig. 2 ist das zu behandelnde Material eingezeichnet, das sich im unteren Bereich der Trommel in den Taschen 29 befindet und in der Nähe des Zenits der Trommeldrehung aus der jeweiligen Öffnung 31 herausfällt. Das Material gelangt dann auf die Außenseiten der Platten 35 und wird durch die Überlappung der Platten daran gehindert, in den Mittelbereich des Trommelquerschnitts zu fallen und einen durch die Flamme 22 hindurchgehenden Rieselschleier zu bilden. Durch die Platten 35 wird das Material also im wandnahen Bereich der Trommel gehalten, wo es im abfallenden Teil des Trommelumfangs (rechte Hälfte von Fig. 2) zwischen den Taschenwänden 30 und den Platten 35 herabfällt. Im unteren Trommelbereich wird das Material wieder durch die Öffnungen 31 hindurch von den Taschen 29 aufgenommen. Man erkennt, daß die Platten 35 und das rieselfähige Material die Trommelwand 16 auf dem gesamten Bereich des Trommelumfangs gegen die Wärmestrahlung der Flamme 22 abschirmen.2 shows the material to be treated, which is located in the lower region of the drum in the
In Fig. 4 sind verschiedene Parameter der Betriebsverhältnisse in Längsrichtung der Trommel dargestellt.4 shows various parameters of the operating conditions in the longitudinal direction of the drum.
Fig. 4a zeigt den Wärmestrom 40, der in dem von den Halteeinbauten 28 umschlossenen Flammbereich 27 am größten ist und in Richtung zum Beschickungsende 12 strömt. Am Ende der Halteinbauten 28 verzweigt sich der Wärmestrom 40 in einen zum Beschickungsende 12 strömenden Teilstrom 40a und einen die Halteeinbauten 28 in Längsrichtung im Gleichstrom mit dem zu behandelnden Material durchströmenden Teilstrom 40b. Dieser Teilstrom 40b wird nach dem Verlassen des brennerseitigen Endes der Halteeinbauten 28 wieder mit dem Wärmestrom 40 vereinigt. Der Teilstrom 40b saugt aus dem Beschickungsende 12 den im Bereich der Rieseleinbauten entstehenden Wasserdampf teilweise an und führt ihn mit in den Flammbereich 27.4a shows the
Fig. 4b zeigt den Verlauf der Materialerwärmung t zwischen dem Beschickungsende 12 und dem Austragende 13. Im Bereich der Rieseleinbauten 15a bis 15e erfolgt das Austreiben des Wassers aus dem Material, wodurch die Temperaturkurve in diesem Bereich nur relativ schwach ansteigt. Im Bereich der Halteeinbauten 28 erfolgt die endgültige Temperaturerhöhung des Materials.4b shows the course of the material heating t between the loading
Die durchgezogene Kurve 43 in Fig. 4c zeigt den Verlauf der Materialstromdichte bei den bekannten Drehöfen, und im Vergleich hierzu die Kurve 42 den Verlauf der Materialstromdichte bei dem beschriebenen Drehofen.The
Die Materialstromdichte ist hierbei im Maß für das durch den Wärmestrom fallende Material. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehofen ist die Materialstromdichte im Bereich des Beschickungsendes des Drehofens überproportional hoch, um dann bis zum Beginn der Halteeinbauten sehr stark abzunehmen.The material flow density is the measure of the material falling through the heat flow. In the rotary kiln according to the invention, the material flow density in the area of the loading end of the rotary kiln is disproportionately high, in order to then decrease very sharply until the start of the holding internals.
Im gesamten Flammbereich ist - bedingt durch die Halteeinbauten - die Materialstromdichte Null, d.h. es fällt kein Material durch den Flammbereich.The material flow density is zero in the entire flame area - due to the holding fixtures - i.e. no material falls through the flame area.
In Fig. 4d ist die thermische Trommelbelastung über der Trommellänge aufgetragen, wobei die Kurve 44 den Verlauf der Trommelbelastung bei bekannten Drehöfen und, im Vergleich hierzu, die Kurve 45 die Trommelbelastung bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Drehofen darstellen. Man erkennt, daß die thermische Trommelbelastung der Kurve 45 durchgehend unter demjenigen der Kurve 44 liegt, was auf die Wirkung der Trommeleinbauten 28 zurückzuführen ist. Insbesondere wirkt sich auch der angesaugte Wasserdampfstrom 41 (Fig. 4a) im Hinblick auf eine Verringerung der thermischen Trommelbelastung aus.4d the thermal drum load is plotted against the drum length,
Claims (6)
einer drehend angetriebenen Trommel (10),
einem in das Auslaßende der Trommel (10) hineinragenden Brenner (12),
und an der Trommelwand (16) vorgesehenen Rieseleinbauten (15a-15e), die ein Durchrieseln des Materials durch den Mittelbereich des Trommelquerschnitts bewirken,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rieseleinbauten (15a-15e) nur in dem Bereich des Beschickungsendes (12) der Trommel (10) angeordnet sind und daß in dem die Flamme des Brenners (18) umgebenden Bereich Halteeinbauten (28) vorgesehen sind, die das Material auch nach Überschreiten des Zenits der Trommeldrehung in Trommelwandnähe festhalten.1. Rotary kiln for drying and / or mixing free-flowing material, especially for asphalt preparation, with
a rotatingly driven drum (10),
a burner (12) projecting into the outlet end of the drum (10),
and trickle internals (15a-15e) provided on the drum wall (16), which cause the material to trickle through the central region of the drum cross section,
characterized in that the trickle internals (15a-15e) are arranged only in the area of the loading end (12) of the drum (10) and in the area surrounding the flame of the burner (18) there are holding internals (28) which hold the material Hold on to the drum near the drum wall even after the zenith has been exceeded.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89105913T ATE93048T1 (en) | 1988-05-04 | 1989-04-05 | ROTARY OVEN FOR DRYING AND/OR MIXING OF FREE-FLOW MATERIAL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3815104 | 1988-05-04 | ||
DE3815104A DE3815104A1 (en) | 1988-05-04 | 1988-05-04 | TURNING OVEN FOR DRYING AND / OR MIXING MATERIAL |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0340462A1 true EP0340462A1 (en) | 1989-11-08 |
EP0340462B1 EP0340462B1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
Family
ID=6353560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89105913A Expired - Lifetime EP0340462B1 (en) | 1988-05-04 | 1989-04-05 | Rotating-drum furnace for drying or mixing freely flowing materials |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0340462B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE93048T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3815104A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0580571A1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1994-02-02 | Cdc Environmental Corp | Method and apparatus for drying waste materials. |
WO1995030522A1 (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-11-16 | Astec Industries, Inc. | Drum dryer having aggregate cooled shielding flights |
EP0826831A1 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-04 | Gencor Industries, Inc. | Counterflow drum mixer for making asphaltic concrete and methods of operation |
WO2011004316A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | S.I.M. - Societa' Italiana Macchine S.P.A. | Rotary drier for plants for the production of bituminous macadams with the use of recycled materials |
WO2011004315A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | S.I.M. - Societa' Italiana Macchine S.P.A. | Drying cylinder of the type for plants for the production of bituminous macadams |
GB2506440A (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-02 | Ian Brian Lewis | Apparatus for drying particulate material |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4243264C2 (en) * | 1992-12-19 | 1997-03-20 | Deutag Ag | Process for operating a rotary kiln for drying and mixing free-flowing material |
DE59308110D1 (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1998-03-12 | Ammann U Maschf Ag | Process for drying and / or heating free-flowing material and device therefor |
DE10240249B3 (en) | 2002-08-31 | 2004-02-26 | Enerco Bv | System for drying and processing pourable mineral material comprises a rotating drum with built-in components, a combustion device, a ventilator, a venturi assembly, and a bypass for conveying air |
DE102004036109B4 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-08-03 | BLüCHER GMBH | Rotary tube for activated carbon production and its use |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR1116508A (en) * | 1954-12-03 | 1956-05-08 | Cie De Fives Lille | Improvements to lime and cement kilns |
BE858730A (en) * | 1977-09-15 | 1978-01-02 | Obourg Sa Ciments | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE CALORIFIC EXCHANGES BETWEEN SOLID MATERIAL AND GAS, IN A ROTARY CEMENT OVEN |
US4189300A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-02-19 | Mechtron International Corporation | Rotating drum dryer apparatus |
FR2441682A1 (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1980-06-13 | Creusot Loire | DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS COATED PRODUCTS FOR ROAD COVERINGS |
EP0030403A1 (en) * | 1979-12-08 | 1981-06-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the drying and calcination of bulk materials |
EP0032468A2 (en) * | 1980-01-11 | 1981-07-22 | Creusot-Loire | Apparatus for producing bituminous mixtures from aggregates, bitumen and solid materials liable to deteriorate at high temperature |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2914965A1 (en) * | 1979-04-12 | 1980-10-23 | Bayer Ag | TURNTUBE |
DE3110380C2 (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1984-02-16 | ATS Asphalttechnik und Straßenbaugeräte GmbH & Co KG, 6236 Eschborn | Process for processing asphalt mix by reusing old asphalt material and a device for carrying out the process |
-
1988
- 1988-05-04 DE DE3815104A patent/DE3815104A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-04-05 EP EP89105913A patent/EP0340462B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-05 DE DE8989105913T patent/DE58905214D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-05 AT AT89105913T patent/ATE93048T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1116508A (en) * | 1954-12-03 | 1956-05-08 | Cie De Fives Lille | Improvements to lime and cement kilns |
BE858730A (en) * | 1977-09-15 | 1978-01-02 | Obourg Sa Ciments | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE CALORIFIC EXCHANGES BETWEEN SOLID MATERIAL AND GAS, IN A ROTARY CEMENT OVEN |
US4189300A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-02-19 | Mechtron International Corporation | Rotating drum dryer apparatus |
FR2441682A1 (en) * | 1978-11-17 | 1980-06-13 | Creusot Loire | DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS COATED PRODUCTS FOR ROAD COVERINGS |
EP0030403A1 (en) * | 1979-12-08 | 1981-06-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the drying and calcination of bulk materials |
EP0032468A2 (en) * | 1980-01-11 | 1981-07-22 | Creusot-Loire | Apparatus for producing bituminous mixtures from aggregates, bitumen and solid materials liable to deteriorate at high temperature |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0580571A1 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1994-02-02 | Cdc Environmental Corp | Method and apparatus for drying waste materials. |
EP0580571A4 (en) * | 1991-04-10 | 1994-03-09 | Cdc Environmental Corp. | |
WO1995030522A1 (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-11-16 | Astec Industries, Inc. | Drum dryer having aggregate cooled shielding flights |
US5480226A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1996-01-02 | Astec Industries, Inc. | Rotary drum dryer having aggregate cooled shielding flights and method for the utilization thereof |
EP0826831A1 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-04 | Gencor Industries, Inc. | Counterflow drum mixer for making asphaltic concrete and methods of operation |
AU713149B2 (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1999-11-25 | Gencor Industries Inc. | Counterflow drum mixer for making asphaltic concrete and methods of operation |
WO2011004316A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | S.I.M. - Societa' Italiana Macchine S.P.A. | Rotary drier for plants for the production of bituminous macadams with the use of recycled materials |
WO2011004315A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-13 | S.I.M. - Societa' Italiana Macchine S.P.A. | Drying cylinder of the type for plants for the production of bituminous macadams |
EP2281944A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-02-09 | S.I.M. Societa Italiana Macchine | Rotary drier for plants for the production of bituminous macadams with the use of recycled materials |
EP2281945A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-02-09 | S.I.M. Societa Italiana Macchine | Drying cylinder of the type for plants for the production of bituminous macadams |
CN102472022A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2012-05-23 | 安曼意大利股份公司 | Drying cylinder of the type for plants for the production of bituminous macadams |
CN102472022B (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2014-07-16 | 安曼意大利股份公司 | Drying cylinder of the type for plants for the production of bituminous macadams |
US8993931B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2015-03-31 | Ammann Italy S.P.A. | Rotary drier for plants for the production of bituminous macadams with the use of recycled materials |
US9243373B2 (en) | 2009-07-09 | 2016-01-26 | Ammann Italy S.P.A. | Drying cylinder of the type for plants for the production of bituminous macadams |
GB2506440A (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-02 | Ian Brian Lewis | Apparatus for drying particulate material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE58905214D1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
ATE93048T1 (en) | 1993-08-15 |
EP0340462B1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
DE3815104A1 (en) | 1989-11-09 |
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