EP0340151A2 - Mill - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0340151A2
EP0340151A2 EP89710033A EP89710033A EP0340151A2 EP 0340151 A2 EP0340151 A2 EP 0340151A2 EP 89710033 A EP89710033 A EP 89710033A EP 89710033 A EP89710033 A EP 89710033A EP 0340151 A2 EP0340151 A2 EP 0340151A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drum
mill
beater
guide
rotor
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Granted
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EP89710033A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0340151A3 (en
EP0340151B1 (en
Inventor
Theo Mertens
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT89710033T priority Critical patent/ATE86144T1/en
Publication of EP0340151A2 publication Critical patent/EP0340151A2/en
Publication of EP0340151A3 publication Critical patent/EP0340151A3/en
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Publication of EP0340151B1 publication Critical patent/EP0340151B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26Details
    • B02C13/282Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/04Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters hinged to the rotor; Hammer mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26Details
    • B02C13/28Shape or construction of beater elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mill, in particular a hammer mill, according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Mills of this type are used, for example, to process grain into animal feed.
  • a known mill of this type consists of a housing in which a sieve drum with a horizontal axis is arranged. Within this fixed sieve drum, a driven coaxial rotor is provided, to which beaters are articulated in the form of narrow plates. In operation, the free ends of the beaters run at a close distance from the drum wall, smash the regrind filled into the drum through a loading opening and press it through the sieve openings of the drum. The ground material, which is at least partially crushed in the manner of a flour, emerges from the sieve drum in accordance with the hole size and is drawn down from the interior of the housing.
  • a disadvantage of this known design is that the beaters only partially smash the ground material to be ground and otherwise squeeze through the sieve drum.
  • the ground material runs essentially in the wall within the sieve drum area, with the rackets moving with their free ends through this layer and possibly evading.
  • This creates a high level of friction which on the one hand leads to the fact that the ground material has a high dust-like content and on the other hand a high drive power is required to overcome this friction.
  • a high dust-like proportion of the ground material is undesirable since it is poorly tolerated by the animals.
  • a hammer mill for crushing and separating grinding materials consisting of different materials is known, which is provided with an elongated housing having an inlet at one end, in which a hammer rotor provided on its underside is arranged which has differently designed hammers.
  • This hammer mill can be used to separate crushed stems or straws, such as. B. of dried sugar cane, Chinese sugar cane, bamboo, reed, corn stalks and the like. Like. Be used to separate their fiber and market components; also for separating high-quality and other fiber materials that are mixed with cement.
  • the rotor is divided into a grinding zone and then into a beating zone.
  • the hammers of the grinding zone consist of a plurality of hammer groups arranged next to one another, distributed over the length of the rotor, each of which has grinding, lifting and conveying hammers, while the hammers of the impact zone have beaters which treat the coarse material passing through the impact zone gently Allow material, that is, they are designed so that they do not substantially split the coarse material, but essentially only serve to separate the already existing fine material that adheres to the coarse material.
  • one type of hammers mainly serves to produce the grinding effect, another type primarily to convey and loosen the mixture which is passed through the grinding zone.
  • the milling hammers are provided with convex hammer surfaces and the lifting hammers with spoon-like hammer heads, while the end faces of the hammer heads are chamfered towards the outlet end of the conveyor hammers. Furthermore, the hammers are arranged with respect to the adjacent groups so that the grinding hammers, the lifting hammers and the conveyor hammers of adjacent groups are offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the milling hammers, lifting hammers and conveyor hammers of neighboring groups can each be arranged on a spiral in the course of the milling zone.
  • the invention has for its object to design it with simple means so that the ground material, in particular grain with relatively little energy in the mill is largely broken up and not ground.
  • the guide bat runs at a close distance from the drum wall and peels off the material located in the area of the drum wall, in such a way that it is directed onto the impact beater arranged behind it.
  • the impact beater is designed in such a way that the material lifted from the guide beater hits the impact beater at an acute angle, is smashed there and is thrown back in the direction of the drum wall. As far as the material is then already crushed to the desired grain size, it emerges through the sieve recesses in the sieve drum. Larger grains are picked up by the next leading beater and are fed to the impact beater in the same way as described above.
  • the guide plate of the guide paddle and the impact plate of the impact paddle can be varied within wide ranges, depending on the design of the mill and the material to be processed. Influencing factors here are the speed of the rotor, the radius of the screening drum, the material to be processed and the throughput.
  • the guide plate with its surface facing the drum wall can have an acute angle of approximately 30 ° to the drum tangent and the baffle plate with its surface can have an acute angle of approximately 60 ° to the drum tangent (tangent in the fictitious point of contact of the racket on the drum )
  • the supporting body and plate can be connected to one another, for example, by welding.
  • this design permits a relatively light construction of the rackets, which means a lower load on the rotor and in particular on the bearings accommodating the rotor.
  • the plates at the end of the support body Through the plates at the end of the support body, almost the entire drum width can be detected without a blower effect occurring in the remaining area of the drum, since the air can circulate freely in the area of the relatively narrow support body. This advantageously increases the relative speed between the material in the drum and the clubs, so that the material hits the disks at high speed and is broken.
  • the rackets are limitedly articulated on an axis of the axes provided on the rotor, so that they can move back over a certain range in operation when they encounter obstacles such as small stones or the like. After overcoming such an obstacle, the rackets then automatically return to their intended working position due to the centrifugal force. In this way, premature wear or damage to the mill by foreign bodies can be prevented, on the one hand, effective protection against overloading of the rotor and drive is formed.
  • the guide plate of the guide rack is advantageously arranged according to claim 3.
  • the guide plate passing near the drum wall lifts the material in the area of the drum wall and directs it along this plate in the direction of rotation to the rear, where it then hits the impact beater, smashed and is thrown back towards the sieve drum.
  • This arrangement of the guide plate enables the material to be lifted off the drum wall with low frictional resistance and largely prevents the material from being ground between the guide plate and the drum wall.
  • the impact bat is expediently designed in a corresponding manner, as specified in claim 4.
  • the baffle plate of the impact beater is arranged in such a way that it turns when the rotor rotates by centrifugal force in such a way that its rear edge, viewed in the direction of rotation, runs at a close distance from the drum wall.
  • the material whirled up by the guide beater is broken up on this baffle plate and thrown back in the direction of the drum wall. Since the baffle plate extends close to the drum wall, the material that has not been lifted by the guide plate or that has already moved back into the area of the drum wall is also detected.
  • guide or impact beaters can be arranged side by side on a rotor axis.
  • preferably only one guide bat or one impact bat is articulated on each axis, which extends over the entire drum width.
  • This has the advantage that the material is gripped and broken over the entire drum width.
  • an embodiment according to claim 5 is advantageous.
  • the air inside the drum can therefore freely circulate between the rotor and plates around the narrow supporting bodies located between them.
  • a guide or baffle plate can, for example, be articulated to the associated axis on the rotor via two supporting bodies provided in the outer region.
  • the hammer mill shown has a housing 1 in which a cylindrical sieve drum 2 is arranged.
  • the sieve drum 2 is formed by a sieve which is arranged cylindrically between the walls of the housing 1 and is laterally closed by the housing walls 3.
  • the screening drum 2 is arranged at a distance from the housing walls 4 and has on its upper side a loading opening 5 which can be completely or partially shut off by a slide 6.
  • the loading opening 5 is guided through the top of the housing 1 and at the same time forms the discharge opening of a storage container 7, which sits on the top of the mill housing 1.
  • the housing walls 3 are penetrated approximately in the middle by a shaft 8 of a rotor 9.
  • the shaft 8 is mounted in bearings 10 on the outside of the housing 1 and has a pulley 11 at one end, via which the mill can be connected to a drive unit.
  • the rotor 9 has two disks 12 fixedly connected to the shaft 8, between which axles 13 are fastened near their outer circumference.
  • the axes 13 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 14 of the shaft 8. As the section according to FIG. 1 shows, the axes 13 are all at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation 14 and are each distributed in pairs over the circumference.
  • a guide beater 15 or an impact beater 16 is mounted in a limited articulated manner on each axis 13. Seen in the direction of rotation 17 of the rotor 9, the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 are each arranged in pairs according to the axis distribution, the guide beater 15 lying in the direction of rotation 17 lying in front of the impact beater 16.
  • Each guide rack 15 consists of two support bodies 18 and a guide plate 19 attached to them.
  • the support bodies 18 are rod-shaped and articulated at one end to the associated axis 13.
  • the guide plate 19 connecting them is welded to the free outer end of the support body 18.
  • the guide plate 19 is arranged so that it can be freely pivoted within the screening drum 2 and runs in its operating position with the front edge at a close distance from the screening drum 2.
  • the guide plate 15 in the operating position shown (FIG. 1) forms an acute angle of approximately 30 ° with the tangent of the screening drum 2 at this point.
  • Each impact beater 16 likewise consists of two support bodies 20 and a baffle plate 21 connecting them.
  • the rod-shaped support bodies 20 are articulated at one end to the associated axis 13 and welded to the baffle plate 21 at their other end.
  • the baffle plate 21 is arranged so that it runs in the operating position with its rear edge at a close distance from the wall of the screen drum.
  • the baffle plate 21 forms an open angle in the direction of rotation 17 with the tangent of the screen drum 2 at this point of approximately 60 °.
  • the shaft 8 of the rotor 9 is driven in the direction of rotation 17 via the pulley 11 and a drive machine (not shown) connected to it.
  • the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 align themselves approximately radially due to the centrifugal force, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the front edges of the guide plates 19 and the rear edges of the baffle plates 21 run close to the screen drum wall.
  • Gravity, centrifugal force and air whirling within the sieve drum 2 then describe the material filled into the drum 2 a path near the drum wall, as is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrows shown.
  • the larger particles are at least partially thrown onto the sieve drum 2 by the recoil on the baffle plate 21 and likewise broken up. This process is repeated continuously by the following pairs of clubs 15, 16.
  • the material is continuously fed out of the storage container 7, and the broken up grain is discharged via a discharge opening 22 on the underside of the housing 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

The mill has a housing 1 in which a cylindrical sieving drum 2 is arranged which can be fed from above with grain through a feed opening 5. A driven rotor 9 to which beaters 15, 16 are coupled is arranged within the sieving drum 2. The beaters 15, 16 are arranged in each case in pairs viewed in the direction 17 of rotation of the rotor 9, the material being initially lifted away from the drum wall by an advancing guide beater 15 and directed towards a following impact beater 16 with which the grain is crushed and thrown back to the sieving drum wall. The milled material passing through the sieving drum 2 is led off by means of an extraction opening 22 on the underside of the housing 1. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mühle, insbesondere eine Hammer­mühle, gemäß den Merkmalen im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a mill, in particular a hammer mill, according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

Mühlen dieser Art dienen beispielsweise zur Verarbeitung von Getreide zu Viehfutter.Mills of this type are used, for example, to process grain into animal feed.

Eine bekannte Mühle dieser Art besteht aus einem Gehäuse, in dem eine Siebtrommel mit horizontaler Achse angeordnet ist. Innerhalb dieser feststehenden Siebtrommel ist ein angetrie­bener koaxial dazu angeordneter Rotor vorgesehen, an den Schläger in Form von schmalen Platten angelenkt sind. Im Betrieb laufen die freien Enden der Schläger in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung, zerschlagen das durch eine Beschickungsöffnung in die Trommel eingefüllte Mahlgut und drücken dieses durch die Sieböffnungen der Trommel. Das zumindest teilweise mehlartig zerschlagene Mahlgut tritt entsprechend der Lochgröße aus der Siebtrommel und wird aus dem Inneren des Gehäuses nach unten abgezogen.A known mill of this type consists of a housing in which a sieve drum with a horizontal axis is arranged. Within this fixed sieve drum, a driven coaxial rotor is provided, to which beaters are articulated in the form of narrow plates. In operation, the free ends of the beaters run at a close distance from the drum wall, smash the regrind filled into the drum through a loading opening and press it through the sieve openings of the drum. The ground material, which is at least partially crushed in the manner of a flour, emerges from the sieve drum in accordance with the hole size and is drawn down from the interior of the housing.

Nachteilig bei dieser bekannten Bauart ist, daß die Schläger das zu zerkleinernde Mahlgut nur teilweise zerschlagen und im übrigen durch die Siebtrommel quetschen. Das Mahlgut läuft innerhalb der Siebtrommel im wesentlichen im Wandungs­ bereich, wobei sich die Schläger mit ihren freien Enden durch diese Schicht bewegen und ggf. ausweichen. Hierbei entsteht eine hohe Reibung, die einerseits dazu führt, daß das zerkleinerte Mahlgut einen hohen staubförmigen Anteil hat und andererseits eine hohe Antriebsleistung erforderlich ist, um diese Reibung zu überwinden. Insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Viehfutter, wo Hammermühlen dieser Art ein­gesetzt werden, ist ein hoher staubförmiger Anteil des ge­mahlenen Guts unerwünscht, da er für die Tiere schlecht verträglich ist. Gerade beim Zerkleinern von Getreide zu Viehfutter ist es erwünscht, die einzelnen Getreidekörner möglichst nur zu zerschlagen und nicht zu zermahlen.A disadvantage of this known design is that the beaters only partially smash the ground material to be ground and otherwise squeeze through the sieve drum. The ground material runs essentially in the wall within the sieve drum area, with the rackets moving with their free ends through this layer and possibly evading. This creates a high level of friction, which on the one hand leads to the fact that the ground material has a high dust-like content and on the other hand a high drive power is required to overcome this friction. Particularly in the production of cattle feed, where hammer mills of this type are used, a high dust-like proportion of the ground material is undesirable since it is poorly tolerated by the animals. Especially when crushing grain into animal feed, it is desirable to only break up the individual grains and not to grind them.

Neben dem vergleichsweise hohen Energieaufwand zum Antrieb einer solchen Hammermühle besteht ein weiterer Nachteil darin, daß sich das Sieb verhältnismäßig schnell zusetzt, so daß das bereits in die gewünschte Korngröße zerschlagene Mahlgut nicht durch das Sieb treten kann. Hierdurch wird das Mahlgut in unerwünschter Weise weiter zerkleinert, wodurch ein hoher staubförmiger Mahlgutanteil entsteht.In addition to the comparatively high energy expenditure for driving such a hammer mill, there is a further disadvantage in that the sieve clogs up relatively quickly, so that the ground material, which has already been broken into the desired grain size, cannot pass through the sieve. As a result, the regrind is comminuted further in an undesirable manner, as a result of which a high proportion of dusty regrind is produced.

Aus der DE-PS 11 33 221 ist eine Hammermühle zum Zerkleinern und Trennen von aus unterschiedlichen Stoffen bestehenden Mahlgütern bekannt, die mit einem langgestreckten, an einem Ende einen Guteinlaß aufweisenden Gehäuse versehen ist, in dem ein auf seiner Unterseite mit einem Sieb versehener Hammerrotor angeordnet ist, der unterschiedlich gestaltete Hämmer aufweist.From DE-PS 11 33 221 a hammer mill for crushing and separating grinding materials consisting of different materials is known, which is provided with an elongated housing having an inlet at one end, in which a hammer rotor provided on its underside is arranged which has differently designed hammers.

Diese Hammermühle kann zur Trennung zerquetschter Stiele oder Halme, wie z. B. von getrocknetem Zuckerrohr, chinesi­schem Zuckerrohr, Bambus, Schilfrohr, Maishalmen u. dgl. benutzt werden, um ihre Faser- und Markbestandteile vonein­ander zu scheiden; ferner zum Trennen hochwertiger und son­stiger Fasermaterialien, die mit Zement gemischt sind.This hammer mill can be used to separate crushed stems or straws, such as. B. of dried sugar cane, Chinese sugar cane, bamboo, reed, corn stalks and the like. Like. Be used to separate their fiber and market components; also for separating high-quality and other fiber materials that are mixed with cement.

Der Rotor ist ausgehend vom Einlaßende in eine Mahlzone und daran anschließend in eine Schlagzone unterteilt. Dabei bestehen die Hämmer der Mahlzone aus einer Mehrzahl von nebeneinander, über die Länge des Rotors verteilter Hammer­gruppen, von denen jede Mahl-, Hebe- und Förderhämmer auf­weist, während die Hämmer der Schlagzone Schläger aufweisen, die eine schonende Behandlung des durch die Schlagzone ge­henden groben Materials ermöglichen, also so gestaltet sind, daß sie das grobe Material nicht wesentlich zerteilen, son­dern im wesentlichen nur der Abtrennung des bereits vorhan­denen feinen Materials, das am groben Material haftet, dienen.Starting from the inlet end, the rotor is divided into a grinding zone and then into a beating zone. The hammers of the grinding zone consist of a plurality of hammer groups arranged next to one another, distributed over the length of the rotor, each of which has grinding, lifting and conveying hammers, while the hammers of the impact zone have beaters which treat the coarse material passing through the impact zone gently Allow material, that is, they are designed so that they do not substantially split the coarse material, but essentially only serve to separate the already existing fine material that adheres to the coarse material.

In der Mahlzone dient eine Art der Hämmer vorwiegend zur Erzeugung des Mahleffekts, eine andere Art vorwiegend zum Fördern und Auflockern der Mischung, die durch die Mahlzone geführt wird.In the grinding zone, one type of hammers mainly serves to produce the grinding effect, another type primarily to convey and loosen the mixture which is passed through the grinding zone.

Die Mahlhämmer sind mit konvexen Hammerflächen und die Hebe­hämmer mit löffelartigen Hammerköpfen versehen, während bei den Förderhämmern die Stirnflächen der Hammerköpfe zum Auslaufende hin abgeschrägt sind. Weiter sind die Hämmer in Bezug auf die benachbarten Gruppen so angeordnet, daß die Mahlhämmer, die Hebehämmer und die Förderhämmer benachbarter Gruppen im Umfangsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt sind. Die Mahlhämmer, die Hebehämmer und die Förderhämmer benach­barter Gruppen können dabei im Verlauf der Mahlzone je auf einer Spirale angeordnet sein.The milling hammers are provided with convex hammer surfaces and the lifting hammers with spoon-like hammer heads, while the end faces of the hammer heads are chamfered towards the outlet end of the conveyor hammers. Furthermore, the hammers are arranged with respect to the adjacent groups so that the grinding hammers, the lifting hammers and the conveyor hammers of adjacent groups are offset in relation to one another in the circumferential direction. The milling hammers, lifting hammers and conveyor hammers of neighboring groups can each be arranged on a spiral in the course of the milling zone.

Ausgehend von der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 beschriebe­nen Mühle liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese mit einfachen Mitteln so auszubilden, daß das Mahlgut, ins­besondere Getreide mit vergleichsweise geringem Energieauf­wand in der Mühle weitgehend zerschlagen und nicht zermahlen wird.Starting from the mill described in the preamble of claim 1, the invention has for its object to design it with simple means so that the ground material, in particular grain with relatively little energy in the mill is largely broken up and not ground.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeich­nenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Der Leitschläger läuft in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung und schält das im Bereich der Trommelwandung befindliche Gut ab, und zwar derart, daß es auf den dahinter angeordneten Prallschläger geleitet wird. Der Prallschläger ist so ausge­bildet, daß das vom Leitschläger abgehobene Gut im spitzen Winkel auf den Prallschläger trifft, dort zerschlagen und in Richtung auf die Trommelwandung zurückgeworfen wird. Soweit das Gut dann bereits auf die gewünschte Korngröße zerschla­gen ist, tritt es durch die Siebausnehmungen in der Sieb­trommel aus. Größere Körner werden vom nächstfolgenden Leit­schläger erfaßt und wiederum in gleicher Weise wie vorbe­schrieben dem Prallschläger zugeführt.The guide bat runs at a close distance from the drum wall and peels off the material located in the area of the drum wall, in such a way that it is directed onto the impact beater arranged behind it. The impact beater is designed in such a way that the material lifted from the guide beater hits the impact beater at an acute angle, is smashed there and is thrown back in the direction of the drum wall. As far as the material is then already crushed to the desired grain size, it emerges through the sieve recesses in the sieve drum. Larger grains are picked up by the next leading beater and are fed to the impact beater in the same way as described above.

Zu der Winkelbemessung von Leitplatte des Leitschlägers und Prallplatte des Prallschlägers ist zu bemerken, daß diese in weiten Bereichen variiert werden kann, je nach Auslegung der Mühle und des zu verarbeitenden Guts. Einfluß­faktoren sind hier Drehzahl des Rotors, Radius der Siebtrom­mel, zu verarbeitendes Gut und Durchsatzmenge. Beispielhaft sei hier angegeben, daß die Leitplatte mit ihrer zur Trommel­wandung weisenden Fläche einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 30° zur Trommeltangente und die Prallplatte mit ihrer Fläche einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 60° zur Trommeltangente auf­weisen kann (Tangente im fiktiven Berührungspunkt des Schlä­gers an der Trommel)With regard to the angular dimensioning of the guide plate of the guide paddle and the impact plate of the impact paddle, it should be noted that this can be varied within wide ranges, depending on the design of the mill and the material to be processed. Influencing factors here are the speed of the rotor, the radius of the screening drum, the material to be processed and the throughput. As an example, it should be stated here that the guide plate with its surface facing the drum wall can have an acute angle of approximately 30 ° to the drum tangent and the baffle plate with its surface can have an acute angle of approximately 60 ° to the drum tangent (tangent in the fictitious point of contact of the racket on the drum )

Von Vorteil ist eine Weiterbildung gemäß Anspruch 2. Trag­körper und Platte können beispielsweise durch Schweißen miteinander verbunden sein. Diese Ausbildung erlaubt zum einen eine verhältnismäßig leichte Bauweise der Schläger, was eine geringere Belastung des Rotors und insbesondere der den Rotor aufnehmenden Lager bedeutet. Durch die Platten am Ende der Tragkörper kann nahezu die gesamte Trommelbrei­te erfaßt werden, ohne daß im übrigen Bereich der Trommel ein Gebläseeffekt entsteht, da die Luft im Bereich der ver­hältnismäßig schmalen Tragkörper frei zirkulieren kann. Hierdurch wird die Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem in der Trommel befindlichen Gut und den Schlägern in vorteil­hafter Weise erhöht, so daß das Gut mit hoher Geschwindig­keit auf die Platten trifft und zerschlagen wird.A further development according to claim 2 is advantageous. The supporting body and plate can be connected to one another, for example, by welding. On the one hand, this design permits a relatively light construction of the rackets, which means a lower load on the rotor and in particular on the bearings accommodating the rotor. Through the plates at the end of the support body, almost the entire drum width can be detected without a blower effect occurring in the remaining area of the drum, since the air can circulate freely in the area of the relatively narrow support body. This advantageously increases the relative speed between the material in the drum and the clubs, so that the material hits the disks at high speed and is broken.

Vorzugsweise sind die Schläger begrenzt gelenkig an einer Achse der am Rotor vorgesehenen Achsen gelagert, so daß sie über einen gewissen Bereich im Betrieb nach hinten aus­weichen können, wenn sie auf Hindernisse, wie beispielsweise kleine Steine oder dergleichen treffen. Nach Überwindung eines solchen Hindernisses stellen sich die Schläger dann aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft wieder selbsttätig in ihre vorgesehene Arbeitsstellung. Hierdurch kann einerseits ein vorzeitiger Verschleiß oder eine Beschädigung der Mühle durch Fremdkörper verhindert werden, zum anderen wird ein wirksamer Schutz gegen Überlastung von Rotor und Antrieb gebildet.Preferably, the rackets are limitedly articulated on an axis of the axes provided on the rotor, so that they can move back over a certain range in operation when they encounter obstacles such as small stones or the like. After overcoming such an obstacle, the rackets then automatically return to their intended working position due to the centrifugal force. In this way, premature wear or damage to the mill by foreign bodies can be prevented, on the one hand, effective protection against overloading of the rotor and drive is formed.

Vorteilhaft ist die Leitplatte des Leitschlägers gemäß An­spruch 3 angeordnet. Sie wird beim Betrieb der Mühle, also beim Drehen des Rotors durch die Zentrifugalkraft so ausge­richtet, daß ihre in Drehrichtung gesehen vordere Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung läuft. Die nahe der Trom­melwandung vorbeilaufende Leitplatte hebt das im Bereich der Trommelwandung befindliche Gut ab und leitet es längs dieser Platte in Drehrichtung gesehen nach hinten, wo es dann auf den Prallschläger trifft, zerschlagen und in Richtung auf die Siebtrommel zurückgeworfen wird. Diese Anordnung der Leitplatte ermöglicht ein Abheben des Guts von der Trommel­wandung unter geringem Reibungswiderstand und verhindert weitgehend ein Zermahlen des Guts zwischen Leitplatte und Trommelwandung.The guide plate of the guide rack is advantageously arranged according to claim 3. During operation of the mill, that is to say when the rotor is rotated, it is aligned by the centrifugal force in such a way that its front edge, viewed in the direction of rotation, runs at a close distance from the drum wall. The guide plate passing near the drum wall lifts the material in the area of the drum wall and directs it along this plate in the direction of rotation to the rear, where it then hits the impact beater, smashed and is thrown back towards the sieve drum. This arrangement of the guide plate enables the material to be lifted off the drum wall with low frictional resistance and largely prevents the material from being ground between the guide plate and the drum wall.

Der Prallschläger wird zweckmäßig in entsprechender Weise ausgebildet, wie es in Anspruch 4 angegeben ist. Die Prall­platte des Prallschlägers ist dabei so angeordnet, daß sie sich bei Drehung des Rotors durch Fliehkraft derart stellt, daß ihre in Drehrichtung gesehen hintere Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung läuft. An dieser Prallplatte wird das vom Leitschläger aufgewirbelte Gut zerschlagen und in Richtung auf die Trommelwandung zurückgeworfen. Da die Prall­platte bis nahe zur Trommelwandung reicht, wird auch das Gut erfaßt, das durch die Leitplatte nicht abgehoben wurde oder das sich bereits wieder in den Bereich der Trommelwandung bewegt hat.The impact bat is expediently designed in a corresponding manner, as specified in claim 4. The baffle plate of the impact beater is arranged in such a way that it turns when the rotor rotates by centrifugal force in such a way that its rear edge, viewed in the direction of rotation, runs at a close distance from the drum wall. The material whirled up by the guide beater is broken up on this baffle plate and thrown back in the direction of the drum wall. Since the baffle plate extends close to the drum wall, the material that has not been lifted by the guide plate or that has already moved back into the area of the drum wall is also detected.

Auf einer Rotorachse können mehrere Leit- oder Prallschläger nebeneinander angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt ist jedoch auf jeder Achse nur ein Leitschläger bzw. ein Prallschläger angelenkt, der sich über die gesamte Trommelbreite erstreckt. Dies bietet den Vorteil, daß das Gut über die gesamte Trom­melbreite erfaßt und zerschlagen wird. Um einerseits diese lückenlose Bestreichung der Trommelwandung durch Leit- bzw. Prallschläger zu ermöglichen und andererseits einen an sich nachteiligen Gebläseeffekt durch zwischen den einzelnen Schlägern geführte Luft zu vermeiden, ist eine Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 5 von Vorteil. Die innerhalb der Trommel befindliche Luft kann daher zwischen Rotor und Platten um die dazwischen befindlichen schmalen Tragkörper frei zirku­lieren. Im übrigen ist eine solche Ausbildung fertigungstech­nisch günstig, da insgesamt weniger Einzelteile vorzusehen sind. Eine Leit- oder Prallplatte kann beispielsweise über zwei im äußeren Bereich vorgesehene Tragkörper an die zuge­hörige Achse am Rotor angelenkt sein.Several guide or impact beaters can be arranged side by side on a rotor axis. However, preferably only one guide bat or one impact bat is articulated on each axis, which extends over the entire drum width. This has the advantage that the material is gripped and broken over the entire drum width. In order on the one hand to enable this gapless coating of the drum wall by guide or impact beaters and on the other hand to avoid a disadvantageous blower effect due to air flowing between the individual beaters, an embodiment according to claim 5 is advantageous. The air inside the drum can therefore freely circulate between the rotor and plates around the narrow supporting bodies located between them. In addition, such training is favorable in terms of production technology, since fewer individual parts are to be provided overall. A guide or baffle plate can, for example, be articulated to the associated axis on the rotor via two supporting bodies provided in the outer region.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in den Zeichnun­gen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 in stark vereinfachter Darstellung einen Schnitt durch eine Hammermühle quer zur Trommelachse und
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt der Mühle längs zur Trommelachse.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 in a greatly simplified representation a section through a hammer mill transverse to the drum axis and
  • Figure 2 shows a section of the mill along the drum axis.

Die Darstellungen dienen ausschließlich zur Erläuterung des Aufbaus und der Wirkungsweise der Mühle. Sie sind nicht maßstäblich sowie stark vereinfacht gezeichnet.The illustrations serve only to explain the structure and mode of operation of the mill. They are not drawn to scale and are greatly simplified.

Die dargestellte Hammermühle weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, in dem eine zylindrische Siebtrommel 2 angeordnet ist. Die Sieb­trommel 2 ist durch ein zwischen den Wandungen des Gehäuses 1 zylindrisch angeordnetes Sieb gebildet, das seitlich durch die Gehäusewandungen 3 abgeschlossen ist. Die Siebtrommel 2 ist mit Abstand zu den Gehäusewandungen 4 angeordnet und weist an ihrer Oberseite eine Beschickungsöffnung 5 auf, die durch einen Schieber 6 ganz oder teilweise absperrbar ist.The hammer mill shown has a housing 1 in which a cylindrical sieve drum 2 is arranged. The sieve drum 2 is formed by a sieve which is arranged cylindrically between the walls of the housing 1 and is laterally closed by the housing walls 3. The screening drum 2 is arranged at a distance from the housing walls 4 and has on its upper side a loading opening 5 which can be completely or partially shut off by a slide 6.

Die Beschickungsöffnung 5 ist durch die Oberseite des Gehäu­ses 1 geführt und bildet gleichzeitig die Abzugsöffnung eines Vorratsbehälters 7, der an der Oberseite des Mühlen­gehäuses 1 sitzt.The loading opening 5 is guided through the top of the housing 1 and at the same time forms the discharge opening of a storage container 7, which sits on the top of the mill housing 1.

Die Gehäusewandungen 3 sind etwa in der Mitte durch eine Welle 8 eines Rotors 9 durchsetzt. Die Welle 8 ist in Lagern 10 an der Außenseite des Gehäuses 1 gelagert und weist an ihrem einen Ende eine Riemenscheibe 11 auf, über die die Mühle mit einem Antriebsaggregat verbindbar ist.The housing walls 3 are penetrated approximately in the middle by a shaft 8 of a rotor 9. The shaft 8 is mounted in bearings 10 on the outside of the housing 1 and has a pulley 11 at one end, via which the mill can be connected to a drive unit.

Der Rotor 9 weist zwei fest mit der Welle 8 verbundene Schei­ben 12 auf, zwischen denen nahe ihres Außenumfangs Achsen 13 befestigt sind. Die Achsen 13 sind parallel zur Drehachse 14 der Welle 8 angeordnet. Wie der Schnitt nach Figur 1 zeigt, liegen die Achsen 13 alle in gleichem radialem Ab­stand zur Drehachse 14 und sind jeweils paarweise über den Umfang verteilt angeordnet.The rotor 9 has two disks 12 fixedly connected to the shaft 8, between which axles 13 are fastened near their outer circumference. The axes 13 are arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 14 of the shaft 8. As the section according to FIG. 1 shows, the axes 13 are all at the same radial distance from the axis of rotation 14 and are each distributed in pairs over the circumference.

An jeder Achse 13 ist ein Leitschläger 15 bzw. ein Prall­schläger 16 begrenzt gelenkig gelagert. In Drehrichtung 17 des Rotors 9 gesehen sind Leitschläger 15 und Prallschlä­ger 16 jeweils paarweise entsprechend der Achsenverteilung angeordnet, wobei der Leitschläger 15 in Drehrichtung 17 gesehen vor dem Prallschläger 16 liegt.A guide beater 15 or an impact beater 16 is mounted in a limited articulated manner on each axis 13. Seen in the direction of rotation 17 of the rotor 9, the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 are each arranged in pairs according to the axis distribution, the guide beater 15 lying in the direction of rotation 17 lying in front of the impact beater 16.

Jeder Leitschläger 15 besteht aus zwei Tragkörpern 18 und einer daran befestigten Leitplatte 19. Die Tragkörper 18 sind stabförmig ausgebildet und an ihrem einen Ende an der zugehörigen Achse 13 angelenkt. An dem freien äußeren Ende der Tragkörper 18 ist die diese verbindende Leitplatte 19 angeschweißt. Die Leitplatte 19 ist so angeordnet, daß sie innerhalb der Siebtrommel 2 frei schwenkbar ist und in ihrer Betriebsstellung mit der vorderen Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Siebtrommel 2 läuft. Bei dieser Ausführung bildet die Leitplatte 15 in der dargestellten Betriebsstellung (Figur 1) einen spitzen Winkel von etwa 30° mit der Tangente der Siebtrommel 2 in diesem Punkt.Each guide rack 15 consists of two support bodies 18 and a guide plate 19 attached to them. The support bodies 18 are rod-shaped and articulated at one end to the associated axis 13. The guide plate 19 connecting them is welded to the free outer end of the support body 18. The guide plate 19 is arranged so that it can be freely pivoted within the screening drum 2 and runs in its operating position with the front edge at a close distance from the screening drum 2. In this embodiment, the guide plate 15 in the operating position shown (FIG. 1) forms an acute angle of approximately 30 ° with the tangent of the screening drum 2 at this point.

Jeder Prallschläger 16 besteht ebenfalls aus zwei Tragkör­pern 20 und einer diese verbindende Prallplatte 21. Auch hier sind die stabförmigen Tragkörper 20 mit einem Ende an der zugehörigen Achse 13 angelenkt und an ihrem anderen Ende mit der Prallplatte 21 verschweißt. Die Prallplatte 21 ist so angeordnet, daß sie in Betriebsstellung mit ihrer hinteren Kante in dichtem Abstand zur Siebtrommelwan­dung läuft. Die Prallplatte 21 bildet einen in Drehrichtung 17 offenen Winkel mit der Tangente der Siebtrommel 2 in diesem Punkt von etwa 60°.Each impact beater 16 likewise consists of two support bodies 20 and a baffle plate 21 connecting them. Here too, the rod-shaped support bodies 20 are articulated at one end to the associated axis 13 and welded to the baffle plate 21 at their other end. The baffle plate 21 is arranged so that it runs in the operating position with its rear edge at a close distance from the wall of the screen drum. The baffle plate 21 forms an open angle in the direction of rotation 17 with the tangent of the screen drum 2 at this point of approximately 60 °.

Beim Betrieb der Hammermühle wird die Welle 8 des Rotors 9 über die Riemenscheibe 11 und eine damit verbundene, nicht dargestellte Antriebsmaschine in Drehrichtung 17 angetrie­ben. Die Leitschläger 15 und die Prallschläger 16 richten sich dabei aufgrund der Zentrifugalkraft etwa radial aus, wie es in Figur 1 dargestellt ist. Dabei laufen die vorderen Kanten der Leitplatten 19 und die hinteren Kanten der Prall­platten 21 in dichtem Abstand zur Siebtrommelwandung. Durch Öffnen des Schiebers 6 gelangt das im Vorratsbehälter 7 befindliche Gut, beispielsweise Getreide, über die Be­schickungsöffnung 5 in die Siebtrommel 2. Aufgrund von Schwerkraft, Zentrifugalkraft und Luftwirbeln innerhalb der Siebtrommel 2 beschreibt das in die Trommel 2 eingefüll­te Gut dann einen Weg nahe der Trommelwandung, wie es in Figur 1 durch die dargestellten Pfeile verdeutlicht ist. Dabei wird es durch die Leitplatte 19 des Leitschlägers 15 von der Trommelwandung abgehoben und über die Leitplatte 19 aufgrund seiner Massenträgheit in Drehrichtung 17 gesehen nach hinten abgeführt. Kurz hinter dem Leitschläger 15 liegt der Prallschläger 16, auf dessen Prallplatte 21 dann das Gut aufprallt. Der in Figur 1 durch Pfeile angedeutete Massen­strom des Mahlguts verläuft im Bereich zwischen Leitschläger 15 und Prallschläger 16 etwa tangential, so daß das Gut in einem Winkel von etwa 45° auf die Prallplatte 21 auf­trifft. Durch den Aufprall wird ein Großteil des Guts zer­schlagen und in Richtung auf die Siebtrommel 2 zurückgewor­fen. Dabei gelangen die bereits genügend klein zerschlagenen Partikel durch die Sieböffnungen nach außen in den Bereich zwischen Gehäuse 1 und Siebtrommel 2. Die größeren Partikel werden zumindest teilweise durch den Rückstoß an der Prall­platte 21 auf die Siebtrommel 2 geworfen und ebenfalls zer­schlagen. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich durch die nachfol­genden Schlägerpaare 15, 16 ständig. Das Gut wird dabei kontinuierlich aus dem Vorratsbehälter 7 nachgeführt, und das zerschlagene Getreide über eine Abzugsöffnung 22 an der Unterseite des Gehäuses 1 abgeführt.When the hammer mill is in operation, the shaft 8 of the rotor 9 is driven in the direction of rotation 17 via the pulley 11 and a drive machine (not shown) connected to it. The guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16 align themselves approximately radially due to the centrifugal force, as shown in FIG. 1. The front edges of the guide plates 19 and the rear edges of the baffle plates 21 run close to the screen drum wall. By opening the slide 6, the material located in the storage container 7, for example grain, reaches the sieve drum 2 through the loading opening 5 Gravity, centrifugal force and air whirling within the sieve drum 2 then describe the material filled into the drum 2 a path near the drum wall, as is illustrated in FIG. 1 by the arrows shown. It is lifted off the drum wall by the guide plate 19 of the guide rack 15 and discharged to the rear via the guide plate 19 due to its inertia in the direction of rotation 17. Shortly behind the guide racket 15 is the impact racket 16, on the impact plate 21 of which the material then impacts. The mass flow of the grinding stock indicated by arrows in FIG. 1 runs approximately tangentially in the region between the guide beater 15 and the impact beater 16, so that the material hits the baffle plate 21 at an angle of approximately 45 °. A large part of the material is broken up by the impact and thrown back in the direction of the screening drum 2. The particles, which have already been broken up sufficiently small, reach the area between the housing 1 and the sieve drum 2 through the sieve openings. The larger particles are at least partially thrown onto the sieve drum 2 by the recoil on the baffle plate 21 and likewise broken up. This process is repeated continuously by the following pairs of clubs 15, 16. The material is continuously fed out of the storage container 7, and the broken up grain is discharged via a discharge opening 22 on the underside of the housing 1.

BezugszeichenaufstellungList of reference symbols

  • 1 - Gehäuse1 - housing
  • 2 - Siebtrommel2 - sieve drum
  • 3 - Gehäusewandungen3 - housing walls
  • 4 - Gehäusewandungen4 - housing walls
  • 5 - Beschickungsöffnung5 - loading opening
  • 6 - Schieber6 - slider
  • 7 - Vorratsbehälter7 - storage container
  • 8 - Welle8 - wave
  • 9 - Rotor9 - rotor
  • 10 - Lager10 - bearings
  • 11 - Riemenscheibe11 - pulley
  • 12 - Scheiben12 - slices
  • 13 - Achsen13-axis
  • 14 - Drehachse14 - axis of rotation
  • 15 - Leitschläger15 - guide bat
  • 16 - Prallschläger16 - impact bat
  • 17 - Drehrichtung17 - Direction of rotation
  • 18 - Tragkörper 1518 - support body 15
  • 19 - Leitplatte 1519 - guide plate 15
  • 20 - Tragkörper 1620 - support body 16
  • 21 - Prallplatte 1621 - baffle plate 16
  • 22 - Abzugsöffnung22 - trigger opening

Claims (5)

1. Mühle, insbesondere Hammermühle, mit einem Gehäuse sowie einer darin mit horizontaler Achse angeordneten zylindri­schen Siebtrommel mit Beschickungsöffnung und mit einem koaxial innerhalb der Trommel angeordneten Rotor, an den das Gut von der Trommelwandung abhebende Leitschläger und das Gut zerschlagende Prallschläger jeweils paarweise angelenkt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Drehrichtung (17) gesehen jeweils der vordere Schläger als Leitschläger (15) ausgebildet ist, der mittels einer im Betrieb der Mühle im spitzen Winkel zur Trommeltangente angeordneten Leitplatte (19) das von der Trommelwandung abgehobene Gut gezielt der als Prallplatte (21) ausgebilde­ten Fläche des hinteren Prallschlägers (16) zuführt, die in einem solchen spitzen Winkel zur Trommeltangente ange­stellt ist, daß sie das Gut zerschlägt und in Richtung auf die Siebtrommel (2) wirft.1. Mill, in particular hammer mill, with a housing and a cylindrical sieve drum with loading opening arranged therein with a horizontal axis therein and with a rotor arranged coaxially within the drum, to which the guide beaters lifting the material from the drum wall and the impact hammer beating up the material are articulated in pairs, characterized in that, viewed in the direction of rotation (17), the front beater is designed as a guide beater (15) which, by means of a guide plate (19) arranged at an acute angle to the drum tangent during operation of the mill, selectively removes the material lifted from the drum wall as a baffle plate ( 21) trained surface of the rear impact beater (16), which is set at such an acute angle to the drum tangent that it smashes the material and throws it towards the screening drum (2). 2. Mühle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß jeder Schläger (15, 16) mindestens einen Tragkörper (18; 20) aufweist, der an einem Ende be­grenzt gelenkig an einer Achse (13) von mehreren am Rotor (9) vorgesehenen Achsen (13) gelagert ist und am anderen Ende eine Leitplatte (19) bzw. eine Prallplatte (21) als Werkzeug aufweist.2. Mill according to claim 1, characterized in that each racket (15, 16) has at least one support body (18; 20) which is articulated at one end to a limited axis (13) of several on the rotor (9) provided axes (13) is mounted and has a guide plate (19) or a baffle plate (21) as a tool at the other end. 3. Mühle nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Dreh­richtung (17) gesehen vordere Kante der Leitplatte (19) in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung verläuft.3. Mill according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the front edge of the guide plate (19) seen in the direction of rotation (17) extends at a close distance from the drum wall. 4. Mühle nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß die in Dreh­richtung (17) gesehen hintere Kante der Prallplatte (21) in dichtem Abstand zur Trommelwandung verläuft.4. Mill according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rear edge of the baffle plate (21) seen in the direction of rotation (17) runs at a close distance from the drum wall. 5. Mühle nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, da­durch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Leit­platte (19) und/oder die Prallplatte (21) über die gesamte Trommelbreite erstreckt.5. Mill according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the guide plate (19) and / or the baffle plate (21) extends over the entire drum width.
EP89710033A 1988-04-27 1989-04-26 Mill Expired - Lifetime EP0340151B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT89710033T ATE86144T1 (en) 1988-04-27 1989-04-26 MILL.

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DE3814191A DE3814191C1 (en) 1988-04-27 1988-04-27
DE3814191 1988-04-27

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EP0340151A3 EP0340151A3 (en) 1990-07-25
EP0340151B1 EP0340151B1 (en) 1993-03-03

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007042839A1 (en) 2007-09-10 2009-03-12 Bühler AG Striking tool e.g. flat beater, for impact mill for grinding of e.g. grain, has working area provided opposite to accommodating area, where hardness characteristic of working area is variable and rotor and tool are surrounded by filter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU174302U1 (en) * 2016-06-14 2017-10-11 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное Учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный аграрный университет имени императора Петра 1" (ФГБОУ ВО Воронежский ГАУ) Shredder

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE14865E (en) * 1920-05-25 Rotary hammer
US1871489A (en) * 1930-05-22 1932-08-16 Charles D Ammon Combination hammer and cutter for hammer mills
DE1133221B (en) * 1958-05-13 1962-07-12 Univ Louisiana State Hammer mill
AT361762B (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-03-25 Buchmann & Co SCRAP MILL

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE14865E (en) * 1920-05-25 Rotary hammer
US1871489A (en) * 1930-05-22 1932-08-16 Charles D Ammon Combination hammer and cutter for hammer mills
DE1133221B (en) * 1958-05-13 1962-07-12 Univ Louisiana State Hammer mill
AT361762B (en) * 1979-11-23 1981-03-25 Buchmann & Co SCRAP MILL

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007042839A1 (en) 2007-09-10 2009-03-12 Bühler AG Striking tool e.g. flat beater, for impact mill for grinding of e.g. grain, has working area provided opposite to accommodating area, where hardness characteristic of working area is variable and rotor and tool are surrounded by filter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3814191C1 (en) 1989-08-31
ATE86144T1 (en) 1993-03-15
EP0340151A3 (en) 1990-07-25
EP0340151B1 (en) 1993-03-03

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